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1415:, whereby the locals were exempt from the heavy taxation that affected the lowland communities. During this period large groups of villagers emigrated to metropolitan centers. Many among them became members of successful professional classes before finally returning to their home villages, endowing the region with wealth and building luxurious mansions. In such an environment, the art of
1434:, of which Vikos–Aoös is part, is considered one of the most underdeveloped regions in Greece. Tourism constitutes the principal source of revenue for the local economy, although it has a highly seasonal character. Intense development in terms of accommodation and tourism infrastructure occurred in the 1980s, mainly through state initiatives.
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with local architecture. One of the characteristic features of the
National Park is its stone bridges, which were the only connection to the outside world until roads were built in the 1950s. Sixteen of these stone bridges and seven churches in the region have been listed as protected historical monuments.
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plays an essential role in management issues. Apart from government efforts, incentives have been given to local management organizations and the local population to participate in the protection of the park. Forestry activities, grazing, hunting, and fishing are prohibited by law in the park's core.
446:
periods, more effective coupling occurred between the surface drainage network and the internal karst drainage system. Since limestone dissolves as the water percolates through its pores, an extended underground drainage system has developed, with caves and channels that enlarge with time when their
437:
glaciations, surface runoff from glacial meltwaters would have fed directly into the river channel network because much of the upland limestone terrain was covered by ice, and many conduits in the karst would have been choked with sediment or permanently frozen. As a result, the glacier snouts came
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poses an ideal solution, since it has the potential of bringing about the desired balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection. Specific objectives of ecotourism development include reviving traditional activities such as small-scale farming and stock-raising, as well as
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period of two to three months in summer. The continental climatic element is attributed to the high amplitude of annual temperature variation, to such a degree that the difference between mean maximum and mean minimum annual temperature, exceeds 40 °C (104 °F). The climate of the area is
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and attains a depth of about 1,000 m (3,281 ft), with a southeast–northwest direction. The landscape of the 20 km (12 mi) long gorge, 12 km (7 mi) which belongs to the park's core zone, presents a diverse relief and is characterized by abrupt changes in altitude. At
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The economic affluence of Zagori's past is still reflected in the architecture of the villages, while today the preservation of the local architectural legacy is enshrined in a law which dictates that all buildings in the area must be constructed with local traditional materials and in compliance
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region, are sparsely populated with a total population of 1,515 people. The villages have a nucleus-like form, with the houses situated around the central square and interconnected by pathways paved by slate or cobblestone. Historically, all the villages of the Zagori region were connected by a
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mountain range. Its highest peaks are Gamila 2,497 m (8,192 ft), Astraka 2,436 m (7,992 ft), Ploskos 2,400 m (7,874 ft), and
Lapatos 2,251 m (7,385 ft). A unique feature of this area is natural pools formed by the erosion of local stream beds. A number of
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built in the local architectural style. It is characterized by the great number of secondary gullies and currents, while the southern part of the gorge is steeper than the northern part. Deep and steep ravines within the perpendicular walls carry down into the Aoös large quantities of material
712:
coastline. The mean annual temperature and annual precipitation are 11.9 °C (53 °F) and 1,100.9 mm (43.34 in) respectively. Extremely low temperatures occur in the area during the winter months. Compared to
Mediterranean bioclimatic divisions, the area belongs to the
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which threaten the local flora and fauna. Another issue is the impact of tourism in recent decades. On the other hand, extreme geophysical conditions make the construction and maintenance of the necessary infrastructure network, mainly access routes and telecommunications, difficult.
1577:
along local paths in order to observe the area's natural features and architecture. Popular trails in the region include the crossing of the Vikos Gorge, which lasts approximately six to seven hours and is considered of medium difficulty, as well as hiking around the peaks of
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The first evidence of human presence in the area is dated between 17,000 and 10,000 years ago. The area of the park has been sparsely populated throughout historical times, however from the 17th to the 19th century the local communities of
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274:(2,497 meters (8,192 ft) at Gamila peak), and a number of traditionally preserved settlements form the park's peripheral zone. The park's remoteness and relatively small human population, combined with the great variation of
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There are no such restrictions in the peripheral zone but the Forest
Service can take any necessary measure for the realization of the aims of the park. Apart from the above-mentioned activities, dangers to the park include land
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about 30,000 years ago. The subsequent (middle) deposits are the product of de-glaciation and the extended run-off from the uplands about 20,000 years ago, while the outer unit is attributed to human activities associated with
1396:, including stone houses and two cemeteries that have yielded important findings. However, for most of the historical period the local population was sparse. The land was mainly used for pastoralism and supplying firewood.
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potential. The local tourism industry has been favored by national and
European funds and provides modest accommodation and tourism services, respectful towards the local tradition and culture. Characteristically, the
257:
and spans an elevation range from 550 to 2,497 meters (1,804 to 8,192 ft). Over 100,000 people visit the park each year and take part in activities including rafting, canoe-kayaking, hiking and mountain biking.
576:. These are being studied and explored by caving enthusiasts. The cave of "Provatina" ("Ewe's Cave"), with a depth of 408 m (1,339 ft), one of the deepest worldwide, was first discovered in 1965 by British
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woodland which mainly consists of deciduous broadleaf forests and woodlands and extends up to an elevation of about 1,500 m (4,921 ft). (2) Combined areas of agricultural land with tree hedges and various
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and microclimatic conditions favors the existence of a rich variety of flora (1,800 species) in the area. Vikos–Aoös
National Park supports a wide diversity of fauna, with a plethora of large mammals such as the
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river. The gorge's main part is 12 km (7 mi) long, which attains a depth of 1,000 meters (3,300 ft), and has a width ranging from 2500 m to only a few meters at its narrowest part. The Aoös gorge,
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As the Vikos Gorge is a deep cross section of the mountain, its slopes expose a series of rock formations of various ages. The upper layers, at a depth of 0–200 m (660 ft), consist of relatively young
1256:. Two bird communities that inhabit the subalpine and forest ecosystems are considered among the most complete in Greece: The first community includes species that nest and feed in the subalpine area, like the
447:
roofs collapse, producing rocky exposures and perpendicular slopes, which is also the reason why the water is scarce. Only when an impenetrable stratum is met, does water appear on the surface.
366:. The Voidomatis is mostly seasonal, with year-round flow occurring only in the lower part of the gorge. Due to its nature, the area of the gorge is precipitous and impassable most of the year.
347:
in the world in proportion to its width, though some gorge lobbyists contest that claim. Steep slopes and precipitous rocky cliffs dominate in the middle and higher zones respectively. Numerous
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The first evidence of human presence in the area is dated to between 17,000 and 10,000 years ago. During this period, favorable climatic conditions prevailed that permitted the hunting of the
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The administration and management of the Vikos–Aoös
National Park belongs to two district forest offices, supervised by a forest directorate at the prefecture level. Moreover, the office of
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by the so-called Vikos doctors developed and flourished. This was accompanied by an impressive cultural and intellectual life that produced many renowned scholars and benefactors of Greece.
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species, due to the structural complexity of the forests and the close proximity of various small biotopes, i.e. streams, ponds, forest openings, rocky sites, dead trees, old pollards, and
283:, for which the park is one of the last European strongholds, and a variety of natural habitats and ecosystems that rank it among the most valuable parks for nature conservation in Greece.
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form an azonal gallery forest along the banks of the
Voidomatis. The woodland in the mountain area around the village of Papingo is characterized by the predominance of different
1084:. Many herbs of the Vikos Gorge and other areas within the park were regarded to have medicinal properties and were once harvested by local healers, colloquially referred to as "
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There are four villages inside the Vikos–Aoös
National Park, and an additional nine near the borders of the peripheral zone. All of these settlements, in the western part of the
2822:
Papageorgiou, Konstantinos (2001). "A Combined Park
Management Framework Based on Regulatory and Behavioral Strategies: Use of Visitors' Knowledge to Assess Effectiveness".
1889:
2979:"Glacial activity and catchment dynamics in northwest Greece: Long-term river behaviour and the slackwater sediment record for the last glacial to interglacial transition"
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The objective of the present state and regional policy is to carefully combine tourism development in the area with the preservation of its natural and cultural heritage.
230:
mountain range. It is named after the two major gorges of the area and encompasses 12,600 hectares (31,135 acres) of mountainous terrain, with numerous rivers, lakes,
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and Raidovouni 1,957 m (6,421 ft), creating the Aoös Gorge that is 10 km (6 mi) long. It has an east–west direction and features numerous stone
116:
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178:
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Vokou, Despina; Katradia, Katerina; Kokkini, Stella (1993). "Ethnobotanical survey of Zagori (Epirus, Greece), a renowned center of folk medicine in the past".
2555:"Evaluation of forest fire risk and fire extinction difficulty at the mountainous park of Vikos-Aoos, Northern Greece: use of remote sensing and GIS techniques"
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The Vikos–Aoös National Park preserves one of the richest mountain and forest ecosystems in terms of wildlife diversity in Greece. Numerous species of large
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is seen as a remedy to the economic decline of heavily depopulated local settlements, while preserving the natural environment and local architecture.
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A total of 121 bird species have been observed in the park, with twenty-six of them being considered of conservation priority. The area hosts fifteen
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one point the gorge measures 900 m (2,953 ft) deep and 1,100 m (3,609 ft) wide from rim to rim, and as a result is listed by the
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2653:"Tourism Certification and Community-based Ecotourism as Tools for Promoting Sustainability in the Greek Tourism Sector - the example of Zagori"
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ingredients. A collection of 2,500 dried species of local plants and herbs is exhibited in the local natural history museum in the village of
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form major landscape features. Additional forms of glacial deposits, which extend down to 850 m (2,789 ft) above sea level, include
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1229:), a rare species that lives at higher altitudes far from human activity, especially on the rocky cliffsides of the gorges, for example in
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and rocky cliffs. This habitat is found above 1,500 m (4,921 ft) altitude and hosts rare bird species such as the Mediterranean
70:
2211:
1615:
2727:"Relict rock glaciers as indicators of Mediterranean palaeoclimate during the Last Glacial Maximum (Late Wurmian) in northwest Greece"
1627:
1900:
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techniques is of essential value for the park's management and constitutes the basis for further evaluations and impact analysis.
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1430:. Many of the dwellings now remain shut, while abandonment of the traditional rural economy has affected the cultural landscape.
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dominates, with exceptionally high (more than 10 m (33 ft)) trees. At higher altitudes, pure conifer forests of either
2919:
Trakolis, Dimitrios (2001). "Perceptions, Preferences, and Reactions of Local Inhabitants in Vikos-Aoos National Park, Greece".
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1221:, and is also the southernmost point of their European habitat. One of the park's special attractions is the existence of the
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The Vikos-Aoös area also contains a variety of suitable habitats that support dense populations of amphibians and reptiles.
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Directorate for Planning and Evaluation of Regional Policy and Programmes, Republic of Greece, Ministry of National Economy
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1583:
1582:. Several lookouts that offer panoramic views of the Vikos Gorge, such as the Oxya and Beloe lookouts and the 15th century
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Explore the landscape, the rocks and the nature of Vikos-Aoos and surrounding area. Find out its history and civilisation
535:, surrounded by alpine pasture, which are home to several rare amphibian species. The biggest lake of the National Park,
414:, which caused extended deforestation and soil erosion. The Voidomatis basin contains evidence for three major phases of
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river passes through channels formed by the bulges of the nearby mountains of Trapezitsa 2,022 m (6,634 ft),
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997:. An important element of the region's flora, apart from the rich variety of plant species, is the high degree of
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system of paths or small roads and they functioned more like a single entity rather than as separate communities.
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3122:
Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources. Democritus University of Thrace
2063:"Resource partitioning in two heterochronic populations of Greek Alpine newts, Triturus alpestris veluchiensis"
1157:. A chemical screening of these native plant species has shown that a high number of them are characterized by
708:
quite unique due to the complex relief, variation in altitude, and the position of the area with regard to the
37:
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1514:
1505:. An analysis has begun by taking a detailed picture of the territory covering at least the following items:
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period, ca. 28,000 years ago. The glacial landscape is well-developed, especially on the southern slopes of
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acquired an autonomous status, flourished economically due to increased trade, and became a major center of
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deposits consist of limestone-derived material, carried by the Voidomatis river from higher elevations by
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3019:
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700:
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and became famous beyond the borders of Greece. The plants used in these recipes include the lemon balm
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1001:
in Balkan (23%) and Greek species (5.8%). Recent studies on the flora of the National Park counted 873
3020:"Distribution of taxa with alkaloids and/or related compounds in Vikos-Aoos National Park (NW Greece)"
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1550:(FNNPE) stated that "the need for a sustainable form of tourism has never been greater in the area".
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714:
588:, with a depth of 451 m (1,480 ft), drains the water coming from the surrounding plateaus.
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period and are the oldest rock formations in the Park. Their age has been determined by means of sea
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dissect both sides of the gorge and the weathering action of water down its walls creates extended
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219:
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to conserve the richness of the local fauna and flora and the geological formations of the area.
1403:
communities were granted special privileges by the Ottoman authorities. At that time the area of
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region, mostly in Drakolimni, are associated with local folktales of dragons and dragon battles.
1100:"). These herbal healers used special recipes that were often copies of ancient Greek recipes of
2773:. Greek Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning & Public Works. 2009. Archived from
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2219:
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and slopes, road networks, land cover and use, human settlements, and tourist sites. The use of
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547:. Its maximum depth is 4.95 m (16 ft), while its surface covers 1 ha (2 acres).
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1400:
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1009:. The park's forests are abundant in species associated with the cool local climate, such as
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377:, at a depth of 200 m (660 ft)–700 m (2,300 ft) they consist of a
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8:
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species and populations of bird species with limited distribution in Greece, such as the
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rocks, which consist of thin beds of graded sandstones intercalated with softer, fissile
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The core of the park, an area of 3,400 hectares (8,402 acres), comprises the spectacular
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In the era of Ottoman rule, and especially from the 17th to the 19th century, the local
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and rocky sites of the lower and middle slopes near human settlements. (3) Uplands with
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dolomite and limestone on the northern scarp. The lower slopes are dominated by younger
51:
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3038:
2891:"Integrated Programmes for Development of Mountain Regions: The Case of the Tymfi area"
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The Vikos–Aoös National Park is a natural tourist attraction, with high ecotourism and
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the only means for monitoring the human activities in the area and their impact on the
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20:
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558:, which lies near the Gamila and Astraka peaks. Some of them bear names inspired from
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Park Resources Information Management Via Environmental Remotely sensed data Analysis
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1934:
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634:, across the Astraka-Gamila plateau, and in the upland terrain above the villages of
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The vast area of the National Park and the present lack of road infrastructure make
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lives in the subalpine meadows and is considered a threatened taxon. The amphibian
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A special feature of the limestone, resulting from its weathering by water, is its
223:
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Triturus Alpestris. Its presence is associated with local folktales about dragons.
222:
in mainland Greece and is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the city of
3638:
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3177:
3170:
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Petrakis, M.; Psiloglou, B.; Lianou, M.; Keramitsoglou, I.; Cartalis, C. (2005).
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Drakolimni (Dragonlake), overlooked by Ploskos (center) and Astraka (right) peaks
489:
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331:
211:
103:
2506:
584:, and has since then been surveyed by a large number of expeditions. The nearby
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3322:
3125:
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Woodward, J.C.; Hamlin, R.H.B.; Macklin, M.G.; Hughes, P.D.; Lewin, J. (2008).
2424:
Gowlett, J. A. J. (1987). "The Archaeology of Radiocarbon Accelerator Dating".
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1890:"Northern Greece: The Pindhos Mountains: A Greentours Natural History Holiday"
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The park's varied geology and topography have resulted in a unique variety of
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3241:
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699:. The Mediterranean character is characterized by the annual distribution of
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on the banks of the Voidomatis. During the 9th–4th centuries B.C., a small
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665:, in dense vegetation. Part of the Vikos Gorge is visible in the background
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56:
3115:"Sustainable Management and Development of Mountainous and Island Areas"
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species in the area of the national park, including one newly described
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2703:
2437:
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539:("Dragonlake"), a formation that was created after the retreat of the
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3336:
1506:
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1151:, known colloquially in Greece as “mountain tea”, and the elder bush
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Studies on the non-vascular flora recorded the presence of about 150
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243:
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998:
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422:. The final phase of glacial activity probably occurred during the
402:
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investigation in the Voidomatis basin revealed that the innermost
3378:
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1607:
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Plakidas bridge, a three arched stone bridge near the village of
1342:
1222:
959:
950:
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643:
555:
540:
468:
378:
275:
254:
1606:
Astraka peak (known as 'Astraka towers') over the village Mikro
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In the northern part of the Park, and very close to the town of
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675:
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range, of which Vikos–Aoös is part, is home to the endangered
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The Vikos Gorge has been carved over millions of years by the
318:
3502:
3341:
2507:
De Jongh, Brian; Gandon, John; Graham-Bell, Geoffrey (2000).
2314:
1579:
1393:
1314:
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1005:, including more than 250 medicinal, aromatic, and poisonous
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623:
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352:
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Petrakis, Mike; Psiloglou, Basil; Keramitsoglou, Iphigenia.
1325:) are also common in that same area. Numerous fish, such as
543:, is located at a height of 2,000 m (6,562 ft) on
418:, with the two largest and earliest taking place during the
385:
era, while below 700 m (2,300 ft) they consist of
2976:
1525:
establishing a network of communities of chamois biotopes.
1218:
1186:
1077:
1066:
1006:
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and precipices are found in the area around the village of
472:
363:
231:
3083:
2685:"On the flora of the Vikos-Aoos National Park (NW Greece)"
1565:
enthusiasts. Additional forms of adventure sports include
622:. Extended glacial conditions prevailed on the uplands of
2212:"Papingo meteorological station, 1971-1990 climatic data"
1861:
1859:
1422:
The area is nowadays sparsely populated as the result of
1345:, a very diverse fauna exists, especially at the various
1190:
1070:
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represents a series of uplifted fault blocks and faulted
2860:. Greek Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration.
2850:
1621:
The Voidomatis river with Astraka peak in the background
1553:
The rivers in the Vikos–Aoös area are a destination for
438:
close to the modern valley bottoms. In contrast, during
3017:
2559:
International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management
1856:
1633:
Platanus orientalis tree on the bank of the Voidomatis
937:(center), in dense vegetation lying below Astraka peak
2724:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
326:
The Vikos Gorge is located on the southern slopes of
2947:
2725:
Hughes, P.D.; Gibbard, P.L.; Woodward, J.C. (2003).
2483:
Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization
2060:
2009:
Woodward, Hamlin, Macklin, Hughes, Lewin 2008, p. 63
1988:
Woodward, Hamlin, Macklin, Hughes, Lewin 2008, p. 49
1976:
Woodward, Hamlin, Macklin, Hughes, Lewin 2008, p. 64
1272:, while the second comprises birds of prey like the
3468:
2629:"A case study in Vikos-Aoos National Park - Greece"
2120:
Woodward, Hamlin, Macklin, Hughes, Lewin 2008, p. 8
330:. Its main part is located between the villages of
3062:"Photographic Journey in Greece: Mt Gamila photos"
2527:
2479:
2851:Paschos, P.; Nikolaou, E.; Papanikos, D. (2004).
2185:
2183:
1996:
1994:
1548:Federation of Nature and National Parks of Europe
1349:, which often includes very specialized species.
488:resulting from limestone-weathering. The compact
3590:
3059:
3018:Hanlidou, E.; Kokkalou, E.; Kokkini, S. (1999).
2061:Denoël, Mathieu; Schabetsberger, Robert (2003).
1337:are to be found in the park's rivers. Regarding
492:that lie on the bottom of the gorge date to the
393:limestone. In the deepest layers, grey Jurassic
77:
3629:Tourist attractions in Ioannina (regional unit)
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2135:
1963:
1961:
1959:
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985:The forests are composed of diverse species of
703:, high in the winter months and experiencing a
691:The climate of the Vikos–Aoös National Park is
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1991:
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1798:
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3198:
2762:"Natura 2000 Data Form. Site code: GR2130009"
2600:
2598:
2387:
1759:
1757:
3212:
3086:"The Mountain Park of Vikos-Aoos, N. Greece"
2821:
2791:
2461:
2335:
2305:Vokou, Katradia, Kokkini 1993, pp. 3–8
2132:
1984:
1982:
1956:
1922:
1920:
1875:
1873:
1871:
483:from the 17th to 19th centuries, as well as
2888:
2650:
2548:
2546:
2283:
2281:
2044:
2042:
1840:
1828:
1789:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
218:. The park, founded in 1973, is one of ten
3461:
3447:
3205:
3191:
2801:Prefectural Committee of Tourist Promotion
2626:
2595:
2356:
2354:
2352:
1754:
724:Climate data for Vikos–Aoös National Park
2921:National Agricultural Research Foundation
2096:
2056:
2054:
1979:
1917:
1868:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1493:Hikers walking along the Voidomatis river
1233:, a secondary ravine of the Vikos Gorge.
2918:
2683:Hanlidou, Efie; Kokkini, Stella (1997).
2543:
2315:Facaros, Dana; Theodorou, Linda (2003).
2278:
2216:Hellenic National Meteorological Service
2102:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 16
2048:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 15
2039:
2027:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 18
1821:
1819:
1817:
1736:
1532:
1488:
1453:The Vikos–Aoös area was designated as a
1441:
1356:
1290:
1288:, that search for food in a wider zone.
1209:, with the latter being quite rare. The
1172:
928:
656:
513:
449:
317:
302:
2794:"Prefecture of Ioannina, Epirus-Greece"
2613:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 9
2423:
2394:. New Holland Publishers. p. 114.
2349:
2321:. New Holland Publishers. p. 434.
2206:
2204:
2198:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 5
2036:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 7
531:are found in the high-altitude zone of
3634:Tourist attractions in Epirus (region)
3591:
3142:
2051:
1775:
1705:Butterfly in Vikos–Aoös National Park.
1693:Landscape in Vikos–Aoös National Park.
1681:Landscape in Vikos–Aoös National Park.
1669:Landscape in Vikos–Aoös National Park.
1657:Landscape in Vikos–Aoös National Park.
1645:Landscape in Vikos–Aoös National Park.
3624:Geography of Ioannina (regional unit)
3442:
3186:
2296:Vokou, Katradia, Kokkini 1993, p. 1,8
1814:
1537:Rafters on the bank of the Voidomatis
1380:artifacts have been unearthed from a
1313:), living in the alpine lakes of the
2275:Vokou, Katradia, Kokkini 1993, p. 10
2201:
2129:Hughes, Gibbard, Woodward 2003, p. 3
2111:Hughes, Gibbard, Woodward 2003, p. 2
1025:. In the valley of the Vikos Gorge,
3609:Protected areas established in 1973
2159:Vokou, Katradia, Kokkini 1993, p. 8
1825:Vokou, Katradia, Kokkini 1993, p. 1
151:12,600 ha (49 sq mi)
13:
3146:Zagori, Images of a Greek Heritage
3039:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1999.tb01900.x
3011:
1437:
1197:are found in the area year-round.
606:limestone, with some exposures of
14:
3655:
3164:
2513:. Companion Guides. p. 482.
2486:. Ekdotikē Athēnōn. p. 342.
2391:The world's great adventure treks
426:, between 22,000 and 20,000 ago.
3285:
2239:Amanatidou 2005, pp. 29–31
2189:Amanatidou 2005, pp. 23–24
2018:Papadopoulou 2008, p. 12, 18, 20
2000:Amanatidou 2005, pp. 21–22
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1599:
1466:World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
1352:
582:Cambridge University Caving Club
522:Between the two gorges lies the
246:forest. The park is part of the
76:
69:
50:
2651:Drakopoulou, Athanasia (2004).
2607:
2586:
2577:
2500:
2473:
2452:
2417:
2408:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2192:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1970:
1947:
1882:
1586:, are accessible only by foot.
1376:on a seasonal basis. Important
16:National park in Epirus, Greece
3003:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.05.018
2792:Papadopoulou, Varvara (2008).
1933:. Lonely Planet. p. 335.
1805:
1766:
669:
307:
250:ecological network and one of
1:
2889:Spanopoulou, Kyriaki (2001).
2734:Journal of Quaternary Science
2627:Amanatidou, Despoina (2005).
2090:10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00043-2
1730:
1528:
1515:geographic information system
1457:in 1973, in an effort by the
1295:A tiny frog in the river Aoos
993:trees and a great variety of
642:, where lateral and terminal
462:
397:is dominant. Sedimentary and
322:Panoramic view of Vikos Gorge
179:Greek Ministry of Agriculture
3619:Geography of Epirus (region)
3124:. p. 38. Archived from
2962:10.1016/0378-8741(93)90035-4
2950:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2287:Hanlidou, Kokkini 1997, p. 1
2141:Trakolis 2001, pp. 2–3
1879:Hanlidou, Kokkini 1997, p. 2
1584:Monastery of Saint Paraskevi
503:
226:in the northern part of the
7:
2480:Sakelarriou, M. V. (1997).
2426:Journal of World Prehistory
2388:Jackson, Jack, ed. (2003).
1899:. p. 2. Archived from
1713:
1388:settlement existed between
962:, in addition to semi-open
924:
598:and is largely composed of
10:
3660:
2619:
1589:
916:
723:
686:
507:
362:river, a tributary of the
311:
204:Ethnikós Drymós Víkou–Aóou
175:National Forest Department
18:
3552:
3539:Koinon of the Zagorisians
3521:
3484:
3315:
3294:
3283:
3225:National (Woodland) Parks
3224:
2571:10.1504/IJRAM.2005.006612
2510:Companion guide to Greece
1093:
842:
772:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
433:nature. During the large
201:Εθνικός Δρυμός Βίκου–Αώου
200:
185:
171:
163:
155:
147:
110:
95:
64:
49:
35:
30:
3604:National parks of Greece
3493:Vikos–Aoös National Park
3328:Axios-Loudias-Aliakmonas
3027:Nordic Journal of Botany
2824:Environmental Management
2458:Papadopoulou 2008, p. 14
2414:Papadopoulou 2008, p. 15
1927:Hellander, Paul (2008).
1763:Papadopoulou 2008, p. 20
1205:live around the area of
1168:
1015:Nettle-leaved Bellflower
980:
341:Guinness Book of Records
193:Vikos–Aoös National Park
84:Vikos-Aoös National Park
31:Vikos-Aoös National Park
19:Not to be confused with
3143:Zissis, Costas (2006).
2592:Drakopoulou 2004, p. 31
2583:Drakopoulou 2004, p. 29
2540:Drakopoulou 2004, p. 28
2369:Drakopoulou 2004, p. 26
2177:Spanopoulou 2001, p. 17
2168:Drakopoulou 2004, p. 27
1811:Papageorgiou 2001, p. 3
1772:Spanopoulou 2001, p. 16
949:. There are three main
3060:Kanellopoulos, Nikos.
2637:University of Freiburg
2470:Amanatidou 2005, p. 34
2378:Amanatidou 2005, p. 31
2346:Amanatidou 2005, p. 29
2266:Amanatidou 2005, p. 80
2257:Amanatidou 2005, p. 84
2248:Amanatidou 2005, p. 27
2150:Amanatidou 2005, p. 36
1865:Amanatidou 2005, p. 17
1853:Amanatidou 2005, p. 21
1837:Amanatidou 2005, p. 41
1802:Amanatidou 2005, p. 28
1538:
1494:
1450:
1365:
1296:
1178:
1062:Juniperus foetidissima
938:
666:
519:
459:
323:
3644:Natura 2000 in Greece
3295:National Marine Parks
2933:10.1007/s002670010251
2836:10.1007/s002670010207
1536:
1492:
1445:
1360:
1294:
1266:western rock nuthatch
1176:
1059:. In the upper hills
932:
660:
517:
481:single-arched bridges
454:The Aoos Gorge, with
453:
321:
303:Geography and geology
295:. In recent decades,
132:39.96944°N 20.72806°E
3385:Messolonghi-Aitoliko
3171:Greek Mountain Flora
2604:Trakolis 2001, p. 11
1319:Yellow-bellied toads
1142:Artemisia absinthium
1136:Hypericum perforatum
424:Last Glacial Maximum
3573:Panagia Spiliotissa
3522:History and society
3351:E. Macedonia-Thrace
2995:2008Geomo.101...44W
2746:2003JQS....18..431H
2082:2003AcO....24...55D
1751:Trakolis 2001, p. 3
1720:Geography of Greece
1446:Natural pools near
1227:Rupicapra rupicapra
1193:, wild horses, and
1159:biologically active
1145:, the very popular
1111:Melissa officinalis
1028:Platanus orientalis
1023:Large-leaved Linden
773:Daily mean °C (°F)
717:with cold winters.
695:, transitioning to
652:limestone pavements
500:found inside them.
172:Governing body
128: /
3568:Saint John Rogovos
3176:2021-04-22 at the
2704:10.3372/wi.27.2708
2438:10.1007/BF00975492
1953:Natura 2000, p. 10
1539:
1495:
1468:in the village of
1451:
1366:
1311:Triturus alpestris
1297:
1179:
1038:Juniperus communis
939:
667:
520:
460:
435:Middle Pleistocene
420:Middle Pleistocene
324:
137:39.96944; 20.72806
21:Vikos-Aoos Geopark
3586:
3585:
3436:
3435:
3156:978-960-631-684-5
2867:978-960-98903-5-9
2520:978-1-900639-35-4
2493:978-960-213-371-2
2401:978-1-84330-261-2
2360:Natura 2000: p. 9
2328:978-1-86011-898-2
1940:978-1-74104-656-4
1786:Natura 2000, p. 8
1725:Tourism in Greece
1409:autonomous status
1323:Bombina variegata
1148:Sideritis raeseri
921:
920:
458:in the background
210:in the region of
189:
188:
3651:
3599:IUCN Category II
3463:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3289:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3160:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3119:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3095:. Archived from
3090:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3068:. Archived from
3056:
3054:
3053:
3024:
3006:
2973:
2944:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2900:. Archived from
2895:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2870:. Archived from
2859:
2847:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2803:. Archived from
2798:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2766:
2757:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2664:. Archived from
2657:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2633:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2550:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2524:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2347:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2218:. Archived from
2208:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2046:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1989:
1986:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1967:Amanatidou p. 32
1965:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1897:greentours.co.uk
1894:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1866:
1863:
1854:
1851:
1838:
1835:
1826:
1823:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1787:
1784:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1752:
1749:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1603:
1459:Greek Government
1282:peregrine falcon
1278:Egyptian vulture
1126:, the gas-plant
1120:, the spearmint
1095:
721:
720:
265:, carved by the
214:in northwestern
202:
167:100,000 per year
143:
142:
140:
139:
138:
133:
129:
126:
125:
124:
121:
80:
79:
73:
54:
28:
27:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3563:Saint Paraskevi
3548:
3517:
3480:
3467:
3437:
3432:
3311:
3290:
3281:
3220:
3211:
3178:Wayback Machine
3167:
3157:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3088:
3075:
3073:
3051:
3049:
3022:
3014:
3012:Further reading
3009:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2893:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2857:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2796:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2764:
2760:
2754:10.1002/jqs.764
2729:
2716:
2714:
2698:(1–2): 81–100.
2687:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2661:Lund University
2655:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2551:
2544:
2539:
2528:
2521:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2329:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2070:Acta Oecologica
2065:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1925:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1790:
1785:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1737:
1733:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1679:
1670:
1667:
1658:
1655:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1631:
1622:
1619:
1610:
1604:
1592:
1575:mountain biking
1531:
1440:
1438:Park management
1355:
1274:griffon vulture
1171:
1133:St John's Wort
1129:Dictamnus albus
1117:Tilia tomentosa
1033:juniper species
1003:vascular plants
983:
953:zones: (1) Sub-
933:The village of
927:
922:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
689:
672:
661:The village of
628:Late Quaternary
512:
506:
465:
343:as the deepest
316:
310:
305:
176:
159:August 20, 1973
136:
134:
130:
127:
122:
119:
117:
115:
114:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
81:
60:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3657:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3382:
3376:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3316:National Parks
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3214:National parks
3210:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3166:
3165:External links
3163:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3140:
3111:
3081:
3057:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:
2989:(1–2): 44–67.
2974:
2956:(3): 187–196.
2945:
2916:
2886:
2866:
2848:
2819:
2789:
2758:
2740:(5): 431–440.
2722:
2680:
2648:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2606:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2542:
2526:
2519:
2499:
2492:
2472:
2460:
2451:
2432:(2): 127–170.
2416:
2407:
2400:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2348:
2334:
2327:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2200:
2191:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2050:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1955:
1946:
1939:
1916:
1881:
1867:
1855:
1839:
1827:
1813:
1804:
1788:
1774:
1765:
1753:
1734:
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1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
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1707:
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1637:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1530:
1527:
1511:remote sensing
1499:remote sensing
1439:
1436:
1417:herbal healing
1413:Ottoman Empire
1401:Greek Orthodox
1378:epipaleolithic
1354:
1351:
1302:Vipera ursinii
1286:common kestrel
1246:Tengmalm's owl
1170:
1167:
1154:Sambucus nigra
1123:Mentha spicata
1019:Horse-chestnut
982:
979:
926:
923:
919:
918:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
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873:
868:
863:
858:
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840:
839:
834:
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804:
799:
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779:
774:
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766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
726:
725:
719:
688:
685:
671:
668:
562:, such as the
552:vertical caves
508:Main article:
505:
502:
494:Early Jurassic
464:
461:
407:glacial action
312:Main article:
309:
306:
304:
301:
220:national parks
187:
186:
183:
182:
173:
169:
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165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
112:
108:
107:
97:
93:
92:
83:
82:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
59:from Oxia spot
55:
47:
46:
36:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3656:
3645:
3642:
3640:
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3627:
3625:
3622:
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3617:
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3600:
3597:
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3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3544:Vikos doctors
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:Zagori region
3464:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3390:
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3383:
3380:
3377:
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3371:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
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3349:
3347:
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3338:
3334:
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3329:
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3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
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3300:
3299:
3297:
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3275:
3273:
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3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
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3250:
3248:
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3235:
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3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3131:on 2011-07-21
3127:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3102:on 2016-03-03
3098:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3072:on 2010-07-18
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:Geomorphology
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2927:(5): 665–76.
2926:
2922:
2917:
2907:on 2012-10-24
2903:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2877:on 2011-07-21
2873:
2869:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2810:on 2011-07-19
2806:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2780:on 2011-07-16
2776:
2772:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2681:
2671:on 2011-10-08
2667:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2601:
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2549:
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2522:
2516:
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2503:
2495:
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2476:
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2447:
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2420:
2411:
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2324:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2222:on 2010-11-23
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1921:
1906:on 2012-03-10
1902:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1834:
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1769:
1760:
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1721:
1718:
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1696:
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1665:
1660:
1653:
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1641:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
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1549:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1455:National Park
1449:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1353:Human history
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:alpine chough
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
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1196:
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1188:
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1175:
1166:
1164:
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1156:
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1149:
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1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1086:Vikos doctors
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
978:
976:
972:
969:
965:
961:
956:
955:mediterranean
952:
948:
944:
936:
931:
915:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
846:
845:precipitation
841:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
771:
727:
722:
718:
716:
711:
706:
702:
701:precipitation
698:
694:
693:Mediterranean
684:
680:
677:
664:
659:
655:
653:
649:
648:rock glaciers
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
587:
586:Chasm of Epos
583:
579:
578:speleologists
575:
574:
568:
567:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
516:
511:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
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478:
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470:
457:
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448:
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436:
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427:
425:
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417:
413:
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404:
400:
396:
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388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
367:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
333:
329:
320:
315:
300:
298:
294:
293:folk medicine
290:
284:
282:
277:
273:
268:
264:
259:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:national park
205:
198:
194:
184:
180:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
72:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:national park
39:
38:IUCN category
34:
29:
26:
22:
3560:Monasteries:
3559:
3492:
3491:
3408:Prespa Lakes
3276:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3126:the original
3121:
3104:. Retrieved
3097:the original
3092:
3074:. Retrieved
3070:the original
3066:diafragma.gr
3065:
3050:. Retrieved
3033:(1): 61–73.
3030:
3026:
2986:
2982:
2953:
2949:
2924:
2920:
2909:. Retrieved
2902:the original
2897:
2879:. Retrieved
2872:the original
2853:
2830:(1): 61–73.
2827:
2823:
2812:. Retrieved
2805:the original
2800:
2782:. Retrieved
2775:the original
2768:
2737:
2733:
2715:. Retrieved
2695:
2691:
2673:. Retrieved
2666:the original
2659:
2641:. Retrieved
2635:
2609:
2588:
2579:
2565:(1): 50–65.
2562:
2558:
2509:
2502:
2482:
2475:
2454:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2410:
2390:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2317:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2224:. Retrieved
2220:the original
2215:
2194:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2076:(1): 55–64.
2073:
2069:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1972:
1949:
1929:
1908:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1896:
1884:
1807:
1768:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1519:
1496:
1463:
1452:
1428:World War II
1424:urbanization
1421:
1407:acquired an
1398:
1382:rock shelter
1367:
1339:invertebrate
1322:
1310:
1307:alpine newts
1300:
1298:
1270:alpine swift
1242:hazel grouse
1235:
1230:
1226:
1180:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1097:
1075:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1044:foetidissima
1042:
1036:
1026:
984:
975:golden eagle
940:
847:mm (inches)
690:
681:
673:
590:
585:
570:
563:
550:A number of
549:
529:alpine lakes
521:
466:
444:interstadial
440:interglacial
428:
399:lithological
368:
357:
325:
285:
260:
203:
192:
190:
25:
3498:Vikos Gorge
3426:-Peristeri-
2770:NATURA 2000
2692:Willdenowia
1543:agrotourism
1411:inside the
1327:brown trout
1250:wallcreeper
1231:Megas Lakos
1139:, absinth
1106:Dioscorides
1102:Hippocrates
1094:Βικογιατροί
1073:are found.
995:wildflowers
697:continental
670:Settlements
626:during the
596:escarpments
485:monasteries
412:pastoralism
314:Vikos Gorge
308:Vikos Gorge
263:Vikos Gorge
248:Natura 2000
156:Established
135: /
111:Coordinates
57:Vikos Gorge
3593:Categories
3534:Molossians
3508:Drakolimni
3485:Landscapes
3381:-Strofylia
3323:Amvrakikos
3277:Vikos–Aoos
3135:2009-07-21
3106:2009-06-09
3076:2010-08-10
3052:2010-11-09
2911:2009-07-09
2881:2010-08-06
2814:2009-11-02
2784:2010-07-12
2717:2013-10-16
2675:2009-06-23
2643:2009-07-27
2226:2010-11-13
1910:2010-08-10
1731:References
1529:Recreation
1522:Ecotourism
1479:landslides
1390:Monodendri
1262:shore lark
1254:willow tit
1215:brown bear
1035:, such as
991:coniferous
971:grasslands
964:shrublands
715:humid zone
710:Ionian Sea
663:Monodendri
620:siltstones
600:Palaeocene
537:Drakolimni
463:Aoös Gorge
416:glaciation
391:Cretaceous
360:Voidomatis
336:Monodendri
297:ecotourism
281:brown bear
267:Voidomatis
240:coniferous
123:20°43′41″E
120:39°58′10″N
3553:Monuments
3428:Arachthos
3424:Tzoumerka
3417:Schinias-
3397:Echinades
3344:-Lefkimi-
3337:Vouraikos
3307:Zakynthos
3302:Alonnisos
3247:Parnassos
3047:0107-055X
2712:0511-9618
1580:Mt Tymphe
1507:orography
1503:ecosystem
1483:wildfires
1386:Molossian
1207:Mt Tymphe
1203:wild cats
1098:Vikoiatri
1050:oxycedrus
987:deciduous
968:subalpine
917:Source:
640:Tsepelovo
632:Mt Tymphe
624:Mt Tymphe
608:Campanian
592:Mt Tymphe
571:Chasm of
560:mythology
545:Mt Tymphe
533:Mt Tymphe
504:Mt Tymphe
490:dolomites
477:Mt Tymphe
456:Mt Tymphe
383:Campanian
381:from the
375:limestone
328:Mt Tymphe
272:Mt Tymphe
244:deciduous
3529:Tymphaea
3513:Skamneli
3419:Marathon
3389:Acheloos
3252:Parnitha
3174:Archived
2941:11568846
2844:11437001
2446:25800523
1714:See also
1567:climbing
1563:kayaking
1372:and the
1347:ecotones
1343:coppices
1195:roe deer
1185:such as
1163:Koukouli
1011:Wych Elm
999:endemism
960:woodlots
925:Wildlife
912:(43.34)
843:Average
644:moraines
636:Skamneli
612:Jurassic
566:Odysseus
564:Hole of
541:glaciers
403:alluvial
395:dolomite
387:Jurassic
276:biotopes
255:Geoparks
238:, dense
224:Ioannina
164:Visitors
106:, Greece
100:Ioannina
96:Location
3578:Stomiou
3379:Kotychi
3366:Koronia
3361:Kerkini
3333:Chelmos
3267:Samaria
3262:Prespes
3242:Olympos
2991:Bibcode
2970:8258976
2742:Bibcode
2620:Sources
2078:Bibcode
1608:Papingo
1590:Gallery
1555:rafting
1475:erosion
1470:Papingo
1448:Papingo
1374:chamois
1223:chamois
1183:mammals
1056:excelsa
951:habitat
910:1,100.9
907:(5.65)
902:(6.17)
897:(5.07)
892:(2.37)
887:(1.44)
882:(1.45)
877:(2.06)
872:(2.71)
867:(4.29)
862:(3.52)
857:(4.26)
852:(4.35)
838:(53.4)
833:(40.1)
828:(46.0)
823:(54.1)
818:(64.6)
813:(70.0)
808:(71.6)
803:(65.7)
798:(59.7)
793:(48.2)
788:(43.0)
783:(39.2)
778:(38.7)
705:drought
687:Climate
580:of the
556:Papingo
498:fossils
469:Konitsa
431:karstic
379:stratum
349:gullies
236:canyons
234:, deep
206:) is a
3639:Pindus
3614:Zagori
3478:Greece
3474:Epirus
3413:Rodopi
3403:Pindos
3393:Evinos
3346:Soufli
3272:Sounio
3257:Pindos
3218:Greece
3153:
3045:
2968:
2939:
2864:
2842:
2710:
2517:
2490:
2444:
2398:
2325:
2318:Greece
1937:
1930:Greece
1571:hiking
1481:, and
1432:Epirus
1426:after
1405:Zagori
1335:barbel
1333:, and
1315:Tymphe
1238:raptor
1211:Pindus
1199:Otters
1187:wolves
729:Month
676:Zagori
616:flysch
604:Eocene
524:Tymphe
471:, the
372:Eocene
353:screes
345:canyon
289:Zagori
252:UNESCO
228:Pindus
216:Greece
212:Epirus
104:Epirus
3503:Tymfi
3374:Tempe
3370:Volvi
3356:Evros
3342:Dadia
3232:Ainos
3129:(PDF)
3118:(PDF)
3100:(PDF)
3089:(PDF)
3023:(PDF)
2905:(PDF)
2894:(PDF)
2875:(PDF)
2858:(PDF)
2808:(PDF)
2797:(PDF)
2778:(PDF)
2765:(PDF)
2730:(PDF)
2688:(PDF)
2669:(PDF)
2656:(PDF)
2632:(PDF)
2442:JSTOR
2066:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1893:(PDF)
1559:canoe
1394:Vitsa
1363:Kipoi
1331:roach
1191:foxes
1169:Fauna
1090:Greek
1082:taxon
981:Flora
947:fauna
943:flora
935:Vikos
905:143.4
900:156.8
895:128.8
865:108.9
855:108.3
850:110.4
768:Year
510:Tymfi
332:Vikos
232:caves
197:Greek
3237:Oiti
3151:ISBN
3043:ISSN
2966:PMID
2937:PMID
2862:ISBN
2840:PMID
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