497:
294:
262:
309:
527:), a friendship society designed to garner support for the Quang Phục Hội. Phan rented a large headquarters in Canton and went about promoting the organisation and predicting that the revolutionaries would soon experience success in Vietnam. He wrote and distributed a proclamation, depicting China as the model for all of Asia and hailing a new strategy to expel European authorities from various countries, starting with Vietnam, then Burma and India, which were under British rule.
516:. Huang was happy to support Phan on principle, but let him know that the new Chinese government was in no position to give substantial help. Huang recommended that Phan send Vietnamese students to study in China for a decade or so to build up his movement, but Phan had experienced the same thing in Japan before and was dispirited by the prospect. However, he accepted the education scheme and began to arrange for students to come to study at Chinese military academies.
441:"deliberative ministry", with Nguyễn Thượng Hiền, Phan Bội Châu and Nguyễn Thần Hiến representing the northern, central and southern regions respectively. The various military, financial and propaganda tasks were allocated, and the group dispersed. Some members went back to Vietnam while others stayed in the border provinces of
615:
and cowardice of the Nguyễn
Dynasty. The piece clearly proclaimed that the Vietnamese people as a whole were the owners of the country, not a given royal family and said that if Vietnam was to be restored to independence, it was to be through the efforts of the whole of Vietnamese society. They declared that a
449:
along the
Chinese border with Vietnam. Phan spent most of his time fundraising. This was an urgent matter, since his usual financial advisor, Lý Tuệ, had been jailed in Vietnam by French authority and funding from Vietnam was beginning to dwindle. Phan decided to raise funds by issuing large numbers
614:
The Quang Phục Hội never gained strong position within
Vietnam, but its ideas did were adopted by later independence movements. Hoàng Trọng Mậu wrote a proclamation for distribution in Vietnam that elaborated their views. Quang Phục Hội laid the blame for the colonisation of the country at the feet
530:
During the first month, around two hundred
Chinese joined the organisation, which raised substantial money from bond sales. Quang Phục Hội changed some of its leadership positions to allow Chinese to take part. The provincial Chinese governor of the area was a sympathiser and allowed it to happen.
605:
to build an explosives factory, while others continued to travel back into
Vietnam to attempt assassinations and bombings. The result was basically that Quang Phục Hội dissolved. The Hong Kong branch, led by Nguyễn Thần Hiến, was captured by the British police, while other teams along the Chinese
581:
However, the publicity and momentum caused by the attacks were outweighed by the French response. The authorities rounded up 254 people, executing seven and imprisoning 54. These decimated the organisation inside
Vietnam. The French responded by pressuring China to clamp down on the group inside
539:
Phan knew that he would need results to sustain the momentum of the financial and political aid from his
Chinese supporters. So he made plans for attacks inside Vietnam. With only a token in-country organisation, they were initially only able to engage in rhetoric, passing death sentences on the
488:) to be led by students who had been trained in China. Phan, along with Hoàng Trọng Mậu created a training manual on military strategy that included information on ideology, disciplinary procedure, ranks and pay rates. However, these plans were never put in place as the army never materialised.
440:
According to Phan's account, a majority of the participants agreed to make Cường Để the
President of the newly formed group. Phan was named vice president, while ministries were created, with a delegate from each of Vietnam's three regions in each ministry. The most important of these was the
458:
Quang Phục Hội proposed a flag design. Vietnam had never had a national flag, only banners to represent royalty. Their flag consisted of five, red, five-pointed stars, on a yellow background, to symbolise the "yellow" race.
388:) which had been the leading revolutionary organization since the start of the 20th century. It had a monarchist bent, but had lost direction. The new organization was patterned after the Chinese republican
512:
asking for help from his ideological counterpart. However, Sun was busy with his newly formed republic and could only meet Phan for a few minutes before delegating the matter to associate
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562:. Phan sent small teams into the three regions of Vietnam on assassination missions, attempting to perpetrate killings like that of the Japanese colonial official
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of Quang Phục Hội "military bonds". The group promised to reimburse the investors within two years, assuring the purchasers that they would come to power.
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and establish a democratic republic. The organization failed to gain momentum, crippled by arrests of its members, then was dissolved to form
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Chinese territory. By this time, the bonds were no longer generating much revenue and
Chinese support and interest was beginning to dwindle.
575:
496:
1308:
1389:
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was a nationalist republican militant revolutionary organization of
Vietnam that was active in the 1910s, under the leadership of
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965:
960:
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859:
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682:
470:. The red background on the military flag represented fire, indicating their location to the south of China according to
462:
The military flag had a red background with five white stars, which represented the three regions of Vietnam, along with
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by Korean nationalists. The first plot, to kill Sarraut in November 1912, failed. Later on 13 April 1913, they killed
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70:
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404:'s arguments in advocating a republic, asserting that democracy was becoming a stronger force in China since
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The group debated whether a democratic republican model or a monarchy should be the objective. Phan cited
392:. Its stated aim was to "drive out the French bandits, restore Vietnam, establish a democratic republic".
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would stay in Canton to try to revive interest and support among the Chinese. Another group was sent to
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Early in 1913, Phan held a meeting with around one hundred activists, and it was decided that Phan and
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The formation of Quang Phục Hội came after a meeting in March 1912 in the southern Chinese city of
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242:"Defeat the French invaders, restore Vietnam, establish the Republic of Vietnam" (
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The military standard of the Vietnam Restoration League, described by the book,
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The national flag of the Vietnamese Restoration League according to the book,
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248:"Đánh đuổi giặc Pháp, khôi phục Việt Nam, thành lập Việt Nam Dân Quốc"
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was necessary, the first time that the term was used in Vietnamese.
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A revolutionary bond issued by the Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội in 1912.
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Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
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border and in Siam were captured and turned over to the French.
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65:
420:, who tended to be more conservative and supportive of Prince
416:
Vietnam, including Nguyễn Thượng Hiền. On the other hand, the
508:
and sought an audience with then temporary Chinese President
689:. Nhóm nghiên cứu Sử - Địa. Compiled 1971 - Published 1973.
574:. Two weeks later, they blew up two French colonels at the
463:
713:"Phan Bội Châu - a big patriot of the early 20th century"
484:
Plans were made for the creation of a Restoration Army (
432:, were more inclined towards a return of the monarchy.
360:. Formed in March 1912, its objective was to overthrow
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380:. The meeting brought together the remnants of the
744:. Berkeley, California: University of California.
554:, known for his hand in the demise of the leading
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742:Vietnamese anticolonialism, 1885–1925
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1350:Defunct political parties in Vietnam
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542:Governor-General of French Indochina
693:from the original on 17 August 2024
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519:They also formed an organisation,
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179:Restoration Army (Quang Phục Quân)
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1380:Overseas Vietnamese organizations
424:, a direct descendant of Emperor
1360:Vietnamese independence movement
810:Capture of the Citadel of Saigon
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362:French colonial rule in Vietnam
337:[vìətnaːmkwaːŋfùkphôjˀ]
1385:1912 establishments in Vietnam
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205:Three Principles of the People
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24:Restoration League of Vietnam
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185:Peripheral organization
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406:the 1911 revolution
386:Reformation Society
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428:, founder of the
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54:General Secretary
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1294:Nguyễn Trọng Hợp
1230:Governor-General
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1163:Trần Cao Vân
1143:Nguyễn Thành
1138:Nguyễn Quyền
1083:Trần Quý Cáp
1052:Cầm Bá Thước
1032:Tống Duy Tân
1002:Võ Duy Dương
955:
875:World War II
741:
720:. Retrieved
716:
707:
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686:
613:
592:Mai Lão Bạng
589:
580:
564:Itō Hirobumi
538:
529:
524:
520:
518:
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485:
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439:
436:Organization
399:
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375:
365:
349:
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322:
313:
298:
217:Centre-right
188:
178:
161:Headquarters
36:Abbreviation
1304:Nguyễn Thân
1289:Trần Bá Lộc
1220:Jean Decoux
1148:Tạ Thu Thâu
1128:Hồ Chí Minh
1007:Trương Định
936:Duy Tân Hội
845:World War I
595: [
576:Hotel Hanoi
514:Huang Hsing
510:Sun Yat-sen
418:southerners
390:Tongmenghui
382:Duy Tân Hội
356:and Prince
333:Vietnamese:
121: [
110: [
92:Cochinchina
1344:Categories
1189:Thành Thái
1108:Ngô Đức Kế
790:Vietnamese
717:nhandan.vn
623:References
255:Party flag
244:Vietnamese
175:Armed Wing
992:Phạm Bành
971:Việt Minh
926:Cần Vương
722:25 August
697:17 August
665:Marr 1970
556:Cần Vương
368:in 1924.
331:: 越南光復會;
283:Elections
165:Guangzhou
146:Dissolved
44:President
1184:Hàm Nghi
1172:Emperors
1093:Cường Để
691:Archived
549:mandarin
480:Military
468:Cambodia
426:Gia Long
422:Cường Để
410:northern
402:Rousseau
358:Cường Để
314:Tự Phán,
299:Tự Phán,
196:Ideology
48:Cường Để
1309:Lê Hoan
1199:Bảo Đại
1194:Duy Tân
931:Đông Du
734:Sources
535:Attacks
506:Nanking
447:Guangxi
414:central
372:History
329:Hán-Nôm
153:1925-05
151: (
138:1912-03
136: (
131:Founded
1179:Tự Đức
798:Events
748:
610:Legacy
586:Demise
473:wuxing
443:Yunnan
378:Canton
350:VNQPH,
239:Slogan
233:
230:
227:
223:Colors
66:Tonkin
599:]
454:Flags
169:China
125:]
114:]
79:Annam
39:VNQPH
29:越南光復會
746:ISBN
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464:Laos
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