473:
The major companies market share in terms of number of vessels in service were in 2009 (2007 in parentheses) according to these reports: Vizada: 17.6% (26.0%), Ship Equip: 11.0% (10.7%), Cap Rock 2.8% (2.9%), MTN 7.5% (6.4%), Stratos - % (3.6%), KVH 5.4% (- %) Elektrikom 4.9% (3.2%), Intelsat 3.4% (- %), Eutelsat 3.1%, NSSL 3.1%, Radio
Holland 3.0%, Telemar 3.0%, DTS 2.6% and others accounted for 32.6% (27.7%). Many of the major providers have branded their maritime VSAT offerings such that
20:
2273:
1187:
2283:
2262:
2293:
1199:
311:
only a single-star topology sometimes will have each terminal connected to each other as well, resulting in each terminal acting as a central hub. These configurations are utilized to minimize the overall cost of the network, and to alleviate the amount of data that has to be relayed through a central uplink site (or sites) of a star or multi-star network.
426:
as the ship moves beneath it. Motors and sensors are used to keep the antenna pointed accurately at the satellite. This enables it to transmit to and receive from the satellite while minimising losses and interference with adjacent satellites. New technology is emerging that will allow a solid state
310:
A combination of both star and mesh topologies. Some VSAT networks are configured by having several centralized uplink sites (and VSAT stemming from it) connected in a multi-star topology with each star (and each terminal in each star) connected to each other in a mesh topology. Others configured in
404:
All the outdoor parts on the dish are collectively called the ODU (Outdoor Unit), i.e., OMT to split signal between BUC and LNB. The IDU is effectively a modem, usually with
Ethernet port and 2 x F-connectors for the coax to BUC (Transmit) and from LNB (Receive). The Astra2Connect has an all-in-one
472:
released its "2nd
Maritime VSAT Report", where the market estimate had increased to $ 590 million in 2009 with predictions for 2010 at $ 850 million. The estimated size of the market in terms of vessels eligible to get VSAT was in this report set to in excess of 42,000 with just over 34,000 to go.
459:
technology that dynamically allocated bandwidth to each ship for shared bandwidth, lowering the entry-level cost for getting maritime VSAT installed, which turned out to be of key importance to small to mid-sized fleets, and thus to the market acceptance of VSAT.
443:, which launched its first stabilized antenna in 1978. SeaTel dominates the supply of two-way VSAT stabilised antenna systems to the marine industry with almost 72% of the market in 2007 compared to Orbit's 17.6%. Initially, maritime VSAT was using
421:
A maritime VSAT has features that allow it to be operated on a ship at sea. A ship that is underway is in continuous motion in all axes. The antenna part of a marine VSAT system must be stabilized with respect to the horizon and
208:
technology. More than 30,000 60 cm antenna systems were sold in the early 1980s. Equatorial later developed a C band (4/6 GHz) two-way system using 1 m x 0.5 m antennas and sold about 10,000 units in 1984–85.
259:
In 2005, WildBlue (now ViaSat) started deploying VSAT networks deploying Ka-band. ViaSat launched the highest capacity satellite ever, ViaSat-1, in 2011 to expand the WildBlue base under its Exede brand. In 2007,
405:
OMT/BUC/LNA that looks like a Quad LNB in shape and size which mounts on a regular TV satellite mount. As a consequence it is only 500 mW compared with the normal 2W, thus is poorer in rain. Skylogic's
468:
According to the
Maritime VSAT report issued by the Comsys Group, the market for stabilised maritime VSAT services (not including oil and gas rigs) reached more than $ 400 million in 2007. In 2010,
240:. These enterprise terminals made up the vast majority of sites for the next 20 years for two-way data or telephony applications. A large VSAT network, with more than 12,000 sites, was deployed by
635:
212:
In the early 1980s, LINKABIT (the predecessor to
Qualcomm and ViaSat) developed the world's first Ku-band (12–14 GHz) VSAT for Schlumberger to provide network connectivity for oil field
435:
Initially, stabilized satellite antennas were used on ships for reception of television signals. One of the first companies to manufacture stabilized VSAT antennas was SeaTel of
701:
413:(TRIA), which is 3W. For large antennas there are also mechanical struts that prevent them to move due to strong winds, losing the pointing and causing service interruption
477:
offers its service through the
Marlink division and the SeaLink and WaveCall products, OmniAccess, through their BroadBEAM products and Ship Equip calls its offering
596:
339:
FSS systems currently in orbit have a huge capacity with a relatively low price structure. FSS systems provide various applications for subscribers, including:
1537:
363:(DAB) and others. These systems provide high-quality service because they create efficient communication systems for both residential and business users.
643:
825:
1146:
2245:
2217:
2212:
1237:
307:, where each VSAT relays data via satellite to another terminal by acting as a hub, minimizing the need for a centralized uplink site,
1202:
1172:
410:
1167:
2239:
789:
2317:
2234:
2224:
2204:
2006:
248:
in the 1980s. As of 2015, the largest VSAT Ku-band network containing over 100,000 VSATs was deployed by and is operated by
276:
satellite. By
September 2014, Hughes became the first Satellite Internet Provider to surpass one million active terminals.
1371:
593:
546:
2296:
2229:
2075:
1100:
166:
article (called "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can Rocket
Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?") discussed the necessary
2322:
2001:
1190:
398:
2095:
830:
731:
612:
556:
1880:
1428:
1230:
1991:
662:
1986:
146:, also known as Herman Noordung, described an orbit at an altitude of 35,900 kilometres (22,300 mi) whose
2011:
1054:
456:
383:
204:
The first commercial VSATs were C band (6 GHz) receive-only systems by
Equatorial Communications using
2286:
2047:
1944:
1487:
1282:
1254:
1151:
150:
exactly matched the Earth's rotational period, making it appear to hover over a fixed point on the Earth's
2276:
1783:
1223:
927:
321:
272:
VSAT sites for consumers under its HughesNet brand on the
Spaceway 3 satellite and later in 2012 on its
2135:
2057:
1996:
1703:
702:
VSAT Maritime Connectivity Service Providers Market Shares Global Global - S Revenues (2018 & 2019)
444:
360:
1907:
1868:
1713:
1613:
1542:
1475:
1302:
1079:
779:
764:
582:
297:
103:
31:
2327:
2266:
1508:
1443:
1396:
1356:
1095:
784:
740:
356:
2105:
2090:
1934:
1885:
1808:
1708:
1386:
1272:
1267:
835:
769:
325:
484:
VSAT Maritime Connectivity Service Providers Market Shares Global - Revenues (2018 & 2019):
2027:
1813:
1628:
1573:
1568:
1381:
1346:
1034:
1014:
840:
636:"Hughes Becomes First Satellite Internet Provider to Surpass One Million Active Users | Hughes"
131:
56:
that is smaller than 3.8 meters. The majority of VSAT antennas range from 75 cm to 1.2 m.
1074:
1929:
1733:
1698:
1618:
1598:
1520:
1408:
1329:
1110:
724:
452:
261:
249:
1262:
1843:
1803:
1773:
1530:
1465:
1287:
889:
754:
389:
182:
61:
60:, in most cases, range from 4 kbit/s up to 16 Mbit/s. VSATs access satellites in
8:
1853:
1793:
1552:
1514:
1312:
1297:
1130:
943:
865:
436:
245:
127:
65:
689:
2080:
2037:
1968:
1838:
1768:
1743:
1678:
1525:
1246:
352:
2120:
2042:
1956:
1939:
1902:
1748:
1578:
1547:
1413:
1307:
849:
552:
377:
135:
24:
1788:
677:
216:
and exploration units. LINKABIT which had become part of M/A-COM went on to develop
2125:
2085:
2065:
2032:
1961:
1919:
1833:
1688:
1673:
1648:
1623:
1583:
1433:
1292:
1277:
1115:
794:
717:
285:
167:
157:
72:
170:
for a geostationary orbit and the frequencies and power needed for communication.
68:
to relay data from small remote Earth stations (terminals) to other terminals (in
1753:
1608:
1376:
1351:
1339:
989:
885:
860:
855:
759:
666:
600:
525:
372:
205:
143:
69:
1951:
1823:
1798:
1758:
1728:
1603:
1438:
1391:
1366:
1324:
845:
774:
237:
162:
147:
139:
53:
49:
27:
19:
2311:
2100:
1873:
1863:
1778:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1638:
1460:
1319:
1125:
1044:
815:
448:
427:
device (flat panel) to steer an antenna electronically without moving parts.
304:
293:
273:
190:
87:
76:
197:. On April 6, 1965, the first commercial satellite was launched into space,
1978:
1818:
1763:
1693:
1658:
1593:
1492:
1482:
1334:
1029:
953:
709:
213:
111:
2178:
1828:
1738:
1723:
1683:
1643:
1502:
1039:
973:
328:(FSS) over the past five years. New VSAT systems are coming online using
229:
110:
or video). VSATs are also used for transportable, on-the-move (utilising
2183:
1890:
1588:
1497:
1453:
1423:
1401:
1004:
571:
451:
and large fleets of ships from one shipowner sailing within one or few
447:
technology, which suited large-volume users like oil drilling rigs and
440:
423:
348:
198:
83:
659:
2168:
1633:
1448:
1215:
958:
340:
99:
46:
594:
Academy of Program/Project and Engineering Leadership (APPEL) | NASA
2163:
2153:
2070:
1895:
1718:
1059:
1024:
1019:
1009:
999:
994:
922:
870:
300:(NOC), to transport data back and forth to each VSAT via satellite,
241:
233:
57:
2158:
2143:
1361:
1064:
1049:
968:
948:
917:
907:
329:
265:
253:
225:
217:
151:
2188:
2148:
1470:
1120:
1069:
963:
912:
897:
820:
810:
478:
474:
469:
406:
194:
178:
455:. This changed when the company iDirect launched its IP-based
2173:
2110:
1418:
1105:
902:
409:
system also uses an integrated OMT/BUC/LNB assembly called a
186:
115:
95:
366:
2115:
336:
technology that promise higher data rates for lower costs.
174:
173:
Live satellite communication was developed in the 1960s by
107:
91:
181:
1–3 satellites. Syncom 3 transmitted live coverage of the
678:
iDirect... Evolution Makes Its Way To OmniAccess (SATCOM)
344:
138:
around the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1920s,
320:
Advances in technology have dramatically improved the
16:
Satellite communication system with small dish antenna
613:"Hughes Lottery System Solutions, Hughes White Paper"
284:Most VSAT networks are configured in one of these
2309:
572:CelesTrak: "Basics of the Geostationary Orbit"
1231:
1147:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
725:
739:
90:transactions using credit cards, polling or
2246:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
2282:
1238:
1224:
732:
718:
1173:List of communication satellite companies
583:NASA – The First Geosynchronous Satellite
367:Constituent parts of a VSAT configuration
296:, using a central uplink site, such as a
411:transmit and receive integrated assembly
18:
1168:List of communications satellite firsts
655:
653:
544:
224:VSATs for enterprise customers such as
2310:
1245:
1050:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
315:
1219:
713:
75:) or master Earth station "hubs" (in
2292:
1198:
683:
671:
650:
628:
605:
587:
576:
565:
548:VSATs: Very Small Aperture Terminals
538:
130:was originated by Russian theorist
13:
14:
2339:
831:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
279:
2291:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2260:
1881:Free-space optical communication
1197:
1186:
1185:
416:
695:
690:The Maritime Market: VSAT Rules
660:The Comsys Maritime VSAT Report
395:Interfacility link cable (IFL)
1:
692:/ Sat Magazine, December 2008
531:
457:time-division multiple access
430:
384:Low-noise block downconverter
2318:Telecommunications equipment
2267:Telecommunication portal
2048:Telecommunications equipment
1152:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
876:Very-small-aperture terminal
680:/ Sat Magazine, January 2011
39:very-small-aperture terminal
7:
1784:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
928:Digital audio radio service
836:Motor-driven Satellite dish
519:
355:services, Internet access,
102:data (for the provision of
82:VSATs are used to transmit
10:
2344:
1488:Telecommunications history
445:single channel per carrier
361:Digital Audio Broadcasting
121:
30:antenna for bidirectional
2323:Satellite Internet access
2255:
2197:
2134:
2096:Public Switched Telephone
2056:
2020:
1977:
1918:
1908:telecommunication circuit
1869:Fiber-optic communication
1852:
1614:Francis Blake (telephone)
1561:
1409:Optical telecommunication
1253:
1181:
1160:
1139:
1088:
983:Relay satellite companies
982:
936:
884:
803:
780:High-throughput satellite
765:Satellite Internet access
747:
463:
298:network operations center
104:satellite Internet access
32:satellite Internet access
2007:Orbital angular-momentum
1444:Satellite communications
1283:Communications satellite
741:Satellite communications
357:satellite news gathering
201:, nicknamed Early Bird.
134:, who wrote articles on
1886:Molecular communication
1709:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1538:Undersea telegraph line
1273:Cable protection system
1089:Satellite manufacturers
326:fixed satellite service
322:price–performance ratio
274:EchoStar XVII/Jupiter 1
168:orbital characteristics
2028:Communication protocol
1814:Charles Sumner Tainter
1629:Walter Houser Brattain
1574:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1382:Information revolution
599:June 29, 2011, at the
545:Everett, John (1992).
132:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
34:
2002:Polarization-division
1734:Narinder Singh Kapany
1699:Erna Schneider Hoover
1619:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1599:Alexander Graham Bell
1330:online video platform
665:May 23, 2010, at the
262:Hughes Communications
250:Hughes Communications
106:to remote locations,
22:
1844:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1804:Almon Brown Strowger
1774:Charles Grafton Page
1429:Prepaid mobile phone
1357:Electrical telegraph
755:Satellite television
453:satellite footprints
390:Orthomode transducer
114:antennas) or mobile
62:geosynchronous orbit
1794:Johann Philipp Reis
1553:Wireless revolution
1515:The Telephone Cases
1372:Hydraulic telegraph
1140:Trade organizations
1131:Thales Alenia Space
944:Astra Digital Radio
937:Broadcast companies
866:Satellite data unit
497:KVH Industries 8.8%
316:Future applications
246:U.S. Postal Service
128:geostationary orbit
126:The concept of the
66:geostationary orbit
1992:Frequency-division
1969:Telephone exchange
1839:Charles Wheatstone
1769:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1744:Innocenzo Manzetti
1679:Reginald Fessenden
1414:Optical telegraphy
1247:Telecommunications
959:Sirius XM Holdings
850:Parabolic antennas
515:Satcom Global 2.7%
353:data communication
264:started deploying
189:to viewers in the
158:Arthur C. Clarke's
35:
2305:
2304:
2043:Store and forward
2038:Data transmission
1952:Network switching
1903:Transmission line
1749:Guglielmo Marconi
1714:Internet pioneers
1579:Mohamed M. Atalla
1548:Whistled language
1213:
1212:
770:Amateur satellite
500:Global Eagle 7.6%
399:Indoor unit (IDU)
378:Block upconverter
177:, which launched
2335:
2295:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2136:Notable networks
2126:Wireless network
2066:Cellular network
2058:Types of network
2033:Computer network
1920:Network topology
1834:Thomas A. Watson
1689:Oliver Heaviside
1674:Philo Farnsworth
1649:Daniel Davis Jr.
1624:Charles Bourseul
1584:John Logie Baird
1293:Data compression
1288:Computer network
1240:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1188:
1116:Northrop Grumman
795:Carriage dispute
734:
727:
720:
711:
710:
704:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
657:
648:
647:
642:. Archived from
632:
626:
625:
623:
622:
617:
609:
603:
591:
585:
580:
574:
569:
563:
562:
542:
244:and MCI for the
118:communications.
2343:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2328:Ground stations
2308:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2193:
2130:
2052:
2016:
1973:
1922:
1914:
1855:
1848:
1754:Robert Metcalfe
1609:Tim Berners-Lee
1557:
1377:Information Age
1249:
1244:
1214:
1209:
1177:
1156:
1135:
1111:Lockheed Martin
1084:
990:AST SpaceMobile
978:
932:
886:Satellite radio
880:
861:Satellite modem
856:Satellite phone
841:Multi-satellite
799:
785:Relay satellite
760:Satellite radio
743:
738:
708:
707:
700:
696:
688:
684:
676:
672:
667:Wayback Machine
658:
651:
634:
633:
629:
620:
618:
615:
611:
610:
606:
601:Wayback Machine
592:
588:
581:
577:
570:
566:
559:
543:
539:
534:
526:Satellite modem
522:
509:NSSLGlobal 5.2%
503:ITC Global 6.6%
491:Speedcast 15.0%
466:
433:
419:
369:
333:
318:
282:
269:
221:
206:spread spectrum
144:Herman Potocnik
124:
45:) is a two-way
17:
12:
11:
5:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:Space-division
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Camille Tissot
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:Claude Shannon
1796:
1791:
1789:Tivadar Puskás
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:Antonio Meucci
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:Charles K. Kao
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Harold Hopkins
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1604:Emile Berliner
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Videotelephony
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1441:
1439:Radiotelephone
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Internet video
1317:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
986:
984:
980:
979:
977:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
938:
934:
933:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
894:
892:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
846:Satellite dish
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
807:
805:
801:
800:
798:
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792:
787:
782:
777:
775:Ground station
772:
767:
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749:
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737:
736:
729:
722:
714:
706:
705:
694:
682:
670:
649:
646:on 2014-09-13.
640:www.hughes.com
627:
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529:
528:
521:
518:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:Inmarsat 11.3%
492:
489:
465:
462:
432:
429:
418:
415:
402:
401:
396:
393:
387:
381:
375:
368:
365:
331:
317:
314:
313:
312:
308:
301:
281:
280:Configurations
278:
267:
256:applications.
238:General Motors
219:
163:Wireless World
140:Hermann Oberth
123:
120:
50:ground station
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2340:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
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2167:
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2102:
2099:
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2087:
2084:
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2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2012:Code-division
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Time-division
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:and switching
1921:
1917:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:optical fiber
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Coaxial cable
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1842:
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1837:
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1807:
1805:
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1800:
1797:
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1782:
1780:
1779:Radia Perlman
1777:
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1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:Lee de Forest
1667:
1665:
1664:Thomas Edison
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Donald Davies
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:Claude Chappe
1637:
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1632:
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1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:Smoke signals
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1461:Semiconductor
1459:
1455:
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1432:
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1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:Digital media
1318:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
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1291:
1289:
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1234:
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1206:
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1129:
1127:
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1099:
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1091:
1087:
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1078:
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1068:
1066:
1063:
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1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
985:
981:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
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952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
935:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
891:
887:
883:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
851:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
816:Monoblock LNB
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
802:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
748:Main articles
746:
742:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
715:
712:
703:
698:
691:
686:
679:
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664:
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654:
645:
641:
637:
631:
614:
608:
602:
598:
595:
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584:
579:
573:
568:
560:
558:9780863412004
554:
550:
549:
541:
537:
527:
524:
523:
514:
512:Navarino 4.3%
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
488:Marlink 23.9%
487:
486:
485:
482:
480:
476:
471:
461:
458:
454:
450:
449:oil platforms
446:
442:
438:
428:
425:
417:Maritime VSAT
414:
412:
408:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
364:
362:
358:
354:
351:, high-speed
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
327:
323:
309:
306:
305:mesh topology
302:
299:
295:
294:star topology
291:
290:
289:
287:
277:
275:
271:
263:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
210:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
191:United States
188:
184:
183:1964 Olympics
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
164:
160:October 1945
159:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:point-of-sale
85:
80:
78:
77:star topology
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
29:
26:
21:
1979:Multiplexing
1854:Transmission
1819:Nikola Tesla
1809:Henry Sutton
1764:Samuel Morse
1694:Robert Hooke
1659:Amos Dolbear
1594:John Bardeen
1513:
1493:Telautograph
1397:Mobile phone
1352:Edholm's law
1335:social media
1268:Broadcasting
1203:
1191:
1030:Intersputnik
954:Dish Network
875:
697:
685:
673:
644:the original
639:
630:
619:. Retrieved
607:
589:
578:
567:
547:
540:
483:
467:
434:
420:
403:
338:
319:
283:
258:
211:
203:
172:
161:
156:
136:space travel
125:
112:phased array
86:data (e.g.,
81:
54:dish antenna
42:
38:
36:
2179:NPL network
1891:Radio waves
1829:Alfred Vail
1739:Hedy Lamarr
1724:Dawon Kahng
1684:Elisha Gray
1644:Yogen Dalal
1569:Nasir Ahmed
1503:Teleprinter
1367:Heliographs
1040:SED Systems
974:1worldspace
790:Transponder
506:RigNet 5.9%
230:Holiday Inn
2312:Categories
2225:Antarctica
2184:Toasternet
2106:Television
1589:Paul Baran
1521:Television
1505:(teletype)
1498:Telegraphy
1476:transistor
1454:Phryctoria
1424:Photophone
1402:Smartphone
1392:Mass media
1005:Globalstar
621:2023-05-22
532:References
441:California
431:Technology
424:true north
349:television
286:topologies
199:Intelsat I
84:narrowband
2209:Americas
2198:Locations
2169:Internet2
1930:Bandwidth
1634:Vint Cerf
1531:streaming
1509:Telephone
1449:Semaphore
1340:streaming
811:SAT>IP
341:telephony
100:broadband
94:data, or
58:Bit rates
47:satellite
25:parabolic
2277:Category
2164:Internet
2154:CYCLADES
2071:Ethernet
2021:Concepts
1945:terminal
1896:wireless
1719:Bob Kahn
1562:Pioneers
1387:Internet
1278:Cable TV
1192:Category
1060:Starlink
1055:Star One
1025:Intelsat
1020:Inmarsat
1010:Hispasat
1000:Eutelsat
995:EchoStar
871:Spacebus
804:Hardware
663:Archived
597:Archived
520:See also
242:Spacenet
234:Chrysler
214:drilling
116:maritime
73:topology
23:A 2.5 m
2297:Commons
2287:Outline
2240:Oceania
2159:FidoNet
2144:ARPANET
1957:circuit
1526:digital
1255:History
1204:Commons
1075:Turksat
1065:Telesat
1035:Iridium
969:Allente
949:DirecTV
923:ISDB-S3
918:DVB-S2X
908:DVB-RCS
551:. IET.
437:Concord
373:Antenna
359:(SNG),
254:lottery
226:Walmart
152:equator
122:History
52:with a
2235:Europe
2205:Africa
2189:Usenet
2149:BITNET
2086:Mobile
1962:packet
1471:MOSFET
1466:device
1263:Beacon
1121:SpaceX
1101:Boeing
1096:Airbus
1080:Viasat
1070:Tooway
1015:Hughes
964:Sky UK
913:DVB-S2
898:DVB-SH
821:DiSEqC
555:
479:Sevsat
475:Vizada
470:COMSYS
464:Market
407:Tooway
236:, and
195:Europe
179:Syncom
148:period
98:), or
2218:South
2213:North
2174:JANET
2111:Telex
2101:Radio
1940:Nodes
1935:Links
1856:media
1434:Radio
1419:Pager
1347:Drums
1313:video
1308:image
1298:audio
1161:Lists
1106:INVAP
903:S-DMB
826:USALS
616:(PDF)
392:(OMT)
386:(LNB)
380:(BUC)
187:Japan
96:SCADA
2230:Asia
2116:UUCP
2076:ISDN
553:ISBN
334:band
270:band
252:for
222:band
193:and
175:NASA
142:and
108:VoIP
92:RFID
70:mesh
43:VSAT
28:dish
2121:WAN
2091:NGN
2081:LAN
1362:Fax
1303:DCT
1126:SSL
1045:SES
345:fax
324:of
185:in
79:).
64:or
2314::
890:TV
888:/
652:^
638:.
481:.
439:,
347:,
343:,
303:A
292:A
288::
232:,
228:,
154:.
37:A
2248:)
2244:(
1239:e
1232:t
1225:v
852:)
848:(
733:e
726:t
719:v
624:.
561:.
332:a
330:K
268:a
266:K
220:u
218:K
41:(
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