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Earth) and the walls of the combustion chamber and nozzle, a pump system for feeding the fuel components, the optimal descent trajectory of the spacecraft while returning from space, etc. In the field of rocket propellants, Tsiolkovsky studied a large number of different oxidizers and combustible fuels and recommended specific pairings: liquid oxygen and hydrogen, and oxygen with hydrocarbons. Tsiolkovsky did much fruitful work on the creation of the theory of jet aircraft, and invented his chart Gas
Turbine Engine. In 1927, he published the theory and design of a train on an air cushion. He first proposed a "bottom of the retractable body" chassis. However, space flight and the airship were the main problems to which he devoted his life. Tsiolkovsky had been developing the idea of the
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the design of an airship with a metal sheath. Tsiolkovsky was not supported on the airship project, and the author was refused a grant to build the model. An appeal to the
General Aviation Staff of the Russian army also had no success. In 1892, he turned to the new and unexplored field of heavier-than-air aircraft. Tsiolkovsky's idea was to build an airplane with a metal frame. In the article "An Airplane or a Birdlike (Aircraft) Flying Machine" (1894) are descriptions and drawings of a monoplane, which in its appearance and aerodynamics anticipated the design of aircraft that would be constructed 15 to 18 years later. In an Aviation Airplane, the wings have a thick profile with a rounded front edge and the fuselage is
1693:(2005). In the same book the Russian astrophysicist Mikhail Martynov, says: “we Russians have always been drawn to the sun. Tsiolkovski himself, our great space visionary, drew on sun worship in some of his thinking, so it’s said.” Martynov refers to him as „father of Russian astronautics“, and at one time speculates „ No wonder that Tsiolkovski’s vision of humanity’s future in space had been full of sunlight; indeed, he had dreamed that ultimately humankind in space would evolve into a closed, photosynthesizing metabolic unit, needing nothing but sunlight to live. Some philosophers even regarded the whole of the Russian space program as nothing but a modern version of a solar-worshiping ritual.“ (Chap. 42, pp.293-4.)
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years earlier. Undaunted, he pressed ahead with his second work, "The
Mechanics of the Animal Organism". It received favorable feedback, and Tsiolkovsky was made a member of the Society. Tsiolkovsky's main works after 1884 dealt with four major areas: the scientific rationale for the all-metal balloon (airship), streamlined airplanes and trains, hovercraft, and rockets for interplanetary travel.
1008:. But work on the airplane, as well as on the airship, did not receive recognition from the official representatives of Russian science, and Tsiolkovsky's further research had neither monetary nor moral support. In 1914, he displayed his models of all-metal dirigibles at the Aeronautics Congress in St. Petersburg but met with a lukewarm response.
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evaluated the work needed to overcome the force of gravity, determined the speed needed to propel the device into the solar system ("escape velocity"), and examined calculation of flight time. The publication of this article made a splash in the scientific world, and
Tsiolkovsky found many friends among his fellow scientists.
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mechanical puppets, machines, movie characters", thereby adhering to a mechanical view of the universe, which he believed would be controlled in the millennia to come through the power of human science and industry. In a short article in 1933, he explicitly formulated what was later to be known as the
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Tsiolkovsky's first scientific study dates back to 1880–1881. He wrote a paper called "Theory of Gases," in which he outlined the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, but after submitting it to the
Russian Physico-Chemical Society (RPCS), he was informed that his discoveries had already been made 25
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Starting in 1896, Tsiolkovsky systematically studied the theory of motion of rocket apparatus. Thoughts on the use of the rocket principle in the cosmos were expressed by him as early as 1883, and a rigorous theory of rocket propulsion was developed in 1896. Tsiolkovsky derived the formula, which he
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Tsiolkovsky studied the mechanics of lighter-than-air powered flying machines. He first proposed the idea of an all-metal dirigible and built a model of it. The first printed work on the airship was "A Controllable
Metallic Balloon" (1892), in which he gave the scientific and technical rationale for
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Despite the youth's growing knowledge of physics, his father was concerned that he would not be able to provide for himself financially as an adult and brought him back home at the age of 19 after learning that he was overworking himself and going hungry. Afterwards, Tsiolkovsky passed the teacher's
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was erected to celebrate the achievements of the Soviet people in space exploration. Located in Moscow, the monument is 107 meters (350 feet) tall and covered with titanium cladding. The main part of the monument is a giant obelisk topped by a rocket and resembling in shape the exhaust plume of the
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by several decades, and some of what he foresaw in his imagination has come into being since his death. Tsiolkovsky also did not believe in traditional religious cosmology, but instead (and to the chagrin of the Soviet authorities) he believed in a cosmic being that governed humans as "marionettes,
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In 1926–1929, Tsiolkovsky solved the practical problem regarding the role played by rocket fuel in getting to escape velocity and leaving the Earth. He showed that the final speed of the rocket depends on the rate of gas flowing from it and on how the weight of the fuel relates to the weight of the
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The outward appearance of
Tsiolkovsky's spacecraft design, published in 1903, was a basis for modern spaceship design. The design had a hull divided into three main sections. The pilot and copilot would occupy the first section, while the second and third sections held the liquid oxygen and liquid
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and lost his hearing. When he was 13, his mother died. He was not admitted to elementary schools because of his hearing problem, so he was self-taught. As a reclusive home-schooled child, he passed much of his time by reading books and became interested in mathematics and physics. As a teenager, he
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In his late lifetime
Tsiolkovsky was honored for his pioneering work. However, from the mid-1920s onwards the importance of his other work was acknowledged, and he was honoured for it and the Soviet state provided financial backing for his research. He was initially popularized in Soviet Russia in
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Tsiolkovsky developed the first aerodynamics laboratory in Russia in his apartment. In 1897, he built the first
Russian wind tunnel with an open test section and developed a method of experimentation using it. In 1900, with a grant from the Academy of Sciences, he made a survey using models of the
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Tsiolkovsky stated that he developed the theory of rocketry only as a supplement to philosophical research on the subject. He wrote more than 400 works including approximately 90 published pieces on space travel and related subjects. Among his works are designs for rockets with steering thrusters,
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However, the result of the first publication was not what
Tsiolkovsky expected. No foreign scientists appreciated his research, which today is a major scientific discipline. In 1911, he published the second part of the work "Exploration of Outer Space by Means of Rocket Devices". Here Tsiolkovsky
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Tsiolkovsky conceived a number of ideas that have been later used in rockets. They include: gas rudders (graphite) for controlling a rocket's flight and changing the trajectory of its center of mass, the use of components of the fuel to cool the outer shell of the spacecraft (during re-entry to
1242:. In the article "Exploration of Outer Space by Means of Rocket Devices", it was suggested for the first time that a rocket could perform space flight. In this article and its sequels (1911 and 1914), he developed some ideas of missiles and considered the use of liquid rocket engines.
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The first two decades of the 20th century were marred by personal tragedy. Tsiolkovsky's son Ignaty committed suicide in 1902, and in 1908 many of his accumulated papers were lost in a flood. In 1911, his daughter Lyubov was arrested for engaging in revolutionary activities.
1000:, the father of modern aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. Tsiolkovsky described the airflow around bodies of different geometric shapes, but because the RPCS did not provide any financial support for this project, he was forced to pay for it largely out of his own pocket.
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Disappointed at this, Tsiolkovsky gave up on space and aeronautical problems with the onset of World War I and instead turned his attention to the problem of alleviating poverty. This occupied his time during the war years until the Russian Revolution in 1917.
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In 1892, he was transferred to a new teaching post in Kaluga where he continued to experiment. During this period, Tsiolkovsky began working on a problem that would occupy much of his time during the coming years: an attempt to build an
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studied Tsiolkovsky's works as youths, and both sought to turn Tsiolkovsky's theories into reality. In particular, Korolev saw traveling to Mars as the more important priority, until in 1964 he decided to compete with the American
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simplest shapes and determined the drag coefficients of the sphere, flat plates, cylinders, cones, and other bodies. Tsiolkovsky's work in the field of aerodynamics was a source of ideas for Russian scientist
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After writing out this equation, Tsiolkovsky recorded the date: 10 May 1897. In the same year, the formula for the motion of a body of variable mass was published in the thesis of the Russian mathematician
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found a German translation of a book by Tsiolkovsky of which "almost every page...was embellished by von Braun's comments and notes." Leading Soviet rocket-engine designer
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1853:, The monograph was first published by the U.S.S.R. Academy of Science Publishing House in 1954 in the second volume of Tsiolkovsky`s Collected Works, (PDF), English.
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The USSR Academy of Sciences issued the golden table-top Tsiolkovsky Medal "For outstanding work in the field of interplanetary communications". It was awarded to
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Location of "Tsiolkovsky towers" noted in a story-related map, with several mentions in the book's body matter, including pp. 218, 368, 370, and others.
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Still, Tsiolkovsky supported the Bolshevik revolution, and eager to promote science and technology, the new Soviet government elected him a member of the
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Hearing problems did not prevent the scientist from having a good understanding of music, as outlined in his work "The Origin of Music and Its Essence."
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now bears his name. His residence during the final months of his life (also in Kaluga) was converted into a memorial museum a year after his death.
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Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. The collection of philosophical works. Biography, books, audiobooks, articles, photographs, video. Russian, English.
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He worked as a high school mathematics teacher until retiring in 1920 at the age of 63. In 1921, he received a lifetime pension.
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1837:“The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)” (1926)
1830:“The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)” (1914)
1823:“The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)” (1903)
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origin. His father was successively a forester, teacher, and minor government official. At the age of 9, Konstantin caught
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2268:"The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)"
1964:. Aeronautics Learning Laboratory for Science Technology, and Research (ALLSTAR) Network. 12 March 2004. Archived from
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for exiting a spaceship into the vacuum of space, and closed-cycle biological systems to provide food and oxygen for
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Tsiolkovsky championed the idea of the diversity of life in the universe and was the first theorist and advocate of
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since 1921, publishing a fundamental paper on it in 1927, entitled "Air Resistance and the Express Train" (Russian:
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life turned out to be extremely difficult for Tsiolkovsky's family. Also, almost immediately after the revolution
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The text is an interview between Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky and Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, English.
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955:, a small town far from major learning centers, Tsiolkovsky managed to make scientific discoveries on his own.
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rocket. A statue of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the precursor of astronautics, is located in front of the obelisk.
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near Moscow. He also met and married his wife Varvara Sokolova during this time. Despite being stuck in
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around the Earth is 8,000 m/s (5 miles per second) and that this could be achieved by means of a
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The Red Stuff: A History of the Public and Material Culture of Early Human Spaceflight in the U.S.S.R
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1685:"Tsiolkovski" is the name given to an underground facility in a huge Farside crater on the Moon in
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There is a 1 ruble 1987 coin commemorating the 130th anniversary of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's birth.
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2753:(print), Horus Heresy [book series], vol. 9, Map by Adrian Wood (1st UK ed.),
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would lead to the perfection of the human species, with immortality and a carefree existence.
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Virtual Matchbox Labels Museum – Russian labels – Space – Page 2 – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
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1937:"International Space Hall of Fame: New Mexico Museum of Space History: Inductee Profile"
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2578:, Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics, archived from
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State Corporation for Space Activities, it replaced the Tsiolkovsky badge with the
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Tsiolkovsky was consulted for the script to the 1936 Soviet science-fiction film,
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was named after his wife. (The Soviet Union obtained naming rights by operating
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by nature, his unusual habits made him seem bizarre to his fellow townsfolk.
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The Red Rockets' Glare: Spaceflight and the Soviet Imagination, 1857–1957
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Tsiolkovsky influenced later rocket scientists throughout Europe, like
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2401:(in Russian), Neptune Hovercraft Shipbuilding Company, archived from
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features a city and space station named with Tsiolkovsky's initials.
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Konstantin Tsiolkovsky with his steel dirigibles in his garden, 1913
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The Foundations of the Space Age: The Life and Work of Tsiolkovskiy
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Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974
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2691:(37 ed.). United States: Krause Publications. p. 1758.
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There is a statue of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky directly outside the
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Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
1739:“Beings of Different Evolutionary Stages of the Universe” (1902)
2172:"How a Russian Scientist's Sci-Fi Genius Made Sputnik Possible"
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1732:“Creatures of Higher Levels of Development than Humans” (1933)
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5 September] 1857 – 19 September 1935) was a Russian
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Red Cosmos: K.E. Tsiolkovskii, Grandfather of Soviet Rocketry
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2210:. Informatics.org (19 September 1935). Retrieved 4 May 2012.
2113:"Deaf astronomers John Goodricke and Konstantin Tsiolkowski"
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by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, 1928, considered to be a work of
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Tsiolkovski: The Cosmic Scientist and His Cosmic Philosophy
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1562:, V.P. Glushko, N.A. Pilyugin, M.V. Keldysh, K.D. Bushuev,
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The Path to the Stars: Collection of Science Fiction Works
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The life of Konstantin Eduardovitch Tsiolkovsky 1857–1935
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These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame
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The Tsiolkovsky Memorial Apartment. A museum created in
1200:{\displaystyle \Delta v=v_{e}\ln {\frac {m_{0}}{m_{f}}}}
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where he lived and had started his career as a teacher.
2222:"Космическая философия К.Э. Циолковского: за и против"
1866:, a Russian monument park where Tsiolkovsky is honored
1846:, Collection of Science Fiction Works, (PDF), English.
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After the Federal Space Agency was reformed into the
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1224:Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами
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began to contemplate the possibility of space travel.
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Exploration of Outer Space by Means of Rocket Devices
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His most important work, published in May 1903, was
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
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1760:“Planets are Inhabited by Living Creatures” (1933)
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1412:The Will of the Universe: The Unknown Intelligence
1400:The Will of the Universe: The Unknown Intelligence
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770:[kənstɐnʲˈtʲinɪdʊˈardəvʲɪtɕtsɨɐlˈkofskʲɪj]
19:"Tsiolkovsky" redirects here. For other uses, see
2888:Spaceflight or Extinction: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
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1541:There is a Tsiolkovsky exhibit on display at the
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1450:Draft first space ship by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
1289:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in his working room, 1934
2575:The Life of Konstantin Eduardovitch Tsiolkovsky
1844:“The Path to the Stars (Путь к звездам)” (1966)
1553:Awards and decorations dedicated to Tsiolkovsky
1414:in 1928 in which he propounded a philosophy of
1016:called the "formula of aviation", now known as
3292:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
3277:People from Spassky Uyezd (Ryazan Governorate)
2689:2010 Standard Catalog of World Coins 1901-2000
2602:Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky Scientific Biography
2455:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 62–65,
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1851:“The Call of the Cosmos (Зов Космоса)” (1960)
880:mother Maria Ivanovna Yumasheva was of mixed
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2629:. Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
2088:"Константин Циолковский. Биография, 18 фото"
3272:People from Spassky District, Ryazan Oblast
2509:Lytkin, V.; Finney, B.; Alepko, L. (1995).
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2143:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
1465:State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics
1378:In 1989, Tsiolkovsky was inducted into the
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2890:Excerpts from "The Aims of Astronautics",
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2030:. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest LLC. pp. 57–59.
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1570:, A.G. Nikolaev and many other cosmonauts.
1434:He wrote a few works on ethics, espousing
1380:International Air & Space Hall of Fame
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2663:"Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's 155th birthday"
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1870:History of the internal combustion engine
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1989:"Part I: Early History Of The Space Age"
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896:Tsiolkovsky spent three years attending
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820:, who contributed to the success of the
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1457:The Monument to the Conquerors of Space
1418:. He believed humans would eventually
383:Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
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2834:S. P. Korolyov and Space: First steps
2725:"The Bootleg Files: The Space Voyage"
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1980:
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1272:Сопротивление воздуха и скорый по́езд
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927:and the first person to conceive the
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715:List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
2640:"The Tsiolkovsky Memorial Apartment"
2449:Siddiqi, Asif A (26 February 2010),
2372:Gillispie, Charles Coulston (1980),
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1795:“Living Beings in the Cosmos” (1895)
2832:Georgiy Stepanovich Vetrov (1994).
2425:"Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Slept Here"
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2266:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E. (1903),
2189:
1908:
1788:“Non-Resistance or Struggle” (1935)
876:faith who relocated to Russia; his
13:
2955:
2816:, Texas A&M University Press,
2805:
2374:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1148:
1031:
756:Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky
14:
3368:
2852:
1896:Timeline of hydrogen technologies
1809:“The Will of the Universe” (1928)
1725:“Citizens of the Universe” (1933)
1682:is called "Tsiolkovsky's Prayer".
1334:1931–1932 mainly by two writers:
923:. He is considered the father of
761:Константин Эдуардович Циолковский
3352:Russian people with disabilities
3322:Russian people of Polish descent
3219:
3207:
3195:
2994:
2779:
2549:"Scientific Ethics (in Russian)"
2274:(in Russian) (5), archived from
1410:Tsiolkovsky wrote a book called
1384:San Diego Air & Space Museum
169:
68:
3347:Soviet people with disabilities
3332:Russian science fiction writers
3327:Russian people of Tatar descent
2872:The house museum of Tsiolkovsky
2739:
2716:
2705:
2680:
2655:
2620:
2593:
2566:
2540:
2502:
2495:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin (1932)
2489:
2474:Sprekelmeyer, Linda ed. (2006)
2468:
2423:Zak, Anatoly (September 2002).
2416:
2389:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2259:
2240:
2213:
2163:
1715:Illustration by A. Gofman from
1525:Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium
862:Spassky District, Ryazan Oblast
2790:. Krieger Publishing Company.
2511:"1995QJRAS..36..369L Page 369"
2170:Blitz, Matt (4 October 2017).
2105:
2080:
2068:
2050:A Pictorial History of Rockets
2041:
2018:
1954:
1929:
1816:“On the Moon (На Луне)” (1893)
1767:“The Cosmic Philosophy” (1935)
1257:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in 1934
1024:change in the rocket's speed (
1:
2751:Mechanicum: war comes to Mars
2024:Lewis, Cathleen Susan. 2008.
1781:“Evaluation of People” (1934)
1543:Museum of Jurassic Technology
1502:) was named after him, while
1420:colonize the Milky Way galaxy
1303:
844:
137:Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation
28:Eastern Slavic naming customs
16:Russian scientist (1857–1935)
3342:Scientists with disabilities
3267:Early spaceflight scientists
1901:
1849:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1842:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1835:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1828:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1821:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1814:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1807:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1802:“The Animal of Space” (1929)
1800:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1793:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1786:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1779:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1772:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1765:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1758:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1751:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1744:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1737:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1730:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1723:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1538:honoring the famous pioneer.
201:Soviet crewed lunar programs
21:Tsiolkovsky (disambiguation)
7:
3307:Russian aerospace engineers
2864:“The Theory of Cosmic Eras”
2785:
2712:Медаль им.Циолковского К.Э.
2687:Cuhaj, George, ed. (2009).
2627:Soviet Missions to the Moon
2499:Russian Academy of Sciences
2398:Air Cushion Vehicle History
2359:
2347:
2335:
2075:Земной путь звездоплавателя
1962:"Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky"
1857:
1753:“Are There Spirits?” (1932)
1679:Denpa Onna to Seishun Otoko
1545:in Los Angeles, California.
1441:
1422:. His thought preceded the
1280:Космические ракетные поезда
1018:Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
805:. His works later inspired
10:
3373:
3337:Soviet aerospace engineers
3282:Philosophers of technology
3011:Electromagnetic propulsion
2812:Andrews, James T. (2009),
2723:Hall, Phil (9 July 2010).
2478:. Donning Co. Publishers.
2247:Tsiolkovsky and his legacy
2220:Kazyutinski V. V. (2003).
1917:Mikhail S. Arlazorov,
1774:“Conditional Truth” (1933)
1657:in the Horus Heresy novel
411:Expendable launch vehicles
217:Human spaceflight programs
87:5 September] 1857
26:In this name that follows
25:
18:
3160:
3134:
3103:
3082:
3046:
3003:
2992:
2963:
2547:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin.
1575:its own Tsiolkovsky Medal
1358:. Soviet search teams at
1349:
1279:
1271:
1223:
781:; 17 September [
760:
168:
163:
159:
149:
142:
132:
109:
79:
67:
60:
53:
3036:Momentum exchange tether
2884:from Russianspaceweb.com
2140:Narins, Brigham (2001),
1746:“Is There a God?” (1932)
1706:
1691:Sunstorm: A Time Odyssey
1531:, Queensland, Australia.
1040:{\displaystyle \Delta v}
849:Tsiolkovsky was born in
3297:Rocket science pioneers
2232:: 43–54. Archived from
1924:Encyclopædia Britannica
1875:Robert Esnault-Pelterie
1629:Science-fiction writer
1436:negative utilitarianism
963:Scientific achievements
83:17 September [
3242:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
3165:Non-rocket spacelaunch
3126:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
2921:The Call of the Cosmos
2892:The Call of the Cosmos
2256:on russianspaceweb.com
1919:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
1719:
1474:The town Uglegorsk in
1451:
1407:
1398:The cover of the book
1290:
1258:
1201:
1131:
1104:
1074:
1041:
943:
615:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
62:Константин Циолковский
55:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
3175:Megascale engineering
2905:by Daniel H. Shubin.
1987:Emme, Eugene (1966).
1941:www.nmspacemuseum.org
1714:
1696:In a 2015 episode of
1602:K.E.Tsiolkovsky badge
1449:
1397:
1288:
1256:
1202:
1132:
1130:{\displaystyle m_{f}}
1105:
1103:{\displaystyle m_{0}}
1075:
1073:{\displaystyle v_{e}}
1042:
968:multistage boosters,
941:
660:Konstantin Feoktistov
645:Alexander Kemurdzhian
3090:List of competitions
3059:Lunar space elevator
2786:Miller, Ron (1993).
2429:Smithsonian Magazine
2252:22 June 2011 at the
2236:on 11 February 2007.
2206:15 June 2012 at the
1891:Soviet space program
1581:Federal Space Agency
1366:and rocket designer
1145:
1137:) mass of the rocket
1114:
1087:
1057:
1028:
831:on the outskirts of
822:Soviet space program
650:Valentina Tereshkova
192:Soviet space program
2870:Tsiolkovsky's house
2609:on 7 September 2008
2527:1995QJRAS..36..369L
1993:Aerospace Historian
1486:President of Russia
1320:for several weeks.
1276:Space Rocket Trains
990:all-metal dirigible
809:and leading Soviet
665:Mikhail Tikhonravov
378:Astron (spacecraft)
259:(lunar Soyuz 7K-L1)
127:, Soviet Union
74:Tsiolkovsky in 1924
3357:Russian scientists
3116:Bradley C. Edwards
2788:The Dream Machines
2278:on 19 October 2008
2272:The Science Review
1968:on 28 October 2015
1886:Russian philosophy
1804:, (PDF), English.
1790:, (PDF), English.
1783:, (PDF), English.
1762:, (PDF), English.
1741:, (PDF), English.
1720:
1615:In popular culture
1507:1590 Tsiolkovskaja
1452:
1408:
1390:Philosophical work
1316:jailed him in the
1310:October Revolution
1291:
1259:
1197:
1127:
1100:
1070:
1037:
944:
186:of articles on the
154:Astronautic theory
102:Ryazan Governorate
3317:Russian inventors
3302:Rocket scientists
3214:Space exploration
3183:
3182:
2823:978-1-60344-168-1
2768:978-1-84416-664-0
2698:978-0-89689-814-1
2554:. Tsiolkovsky.org
2484:978-1-57864-397-4
2405:on 2 October 2008
2325:on 8 October 2006
2311:Siddiqi, Asif A,
2226:Земля и Вселенная
2176:Popular Mechanics
2056:. NASA. p. 4
1839:. (PDF), Russian.
1832:. (PDF), Russian.
1825:. (PDF), Russian.
1811:, (PDF), English.
1797:, (PDF), English.
1776:, (PDF), English.
1769:, (PDF), English.
1755:, (PDF), English.
1748:, (PDF), English.
1734:, (PDF), English.
1727:, (PDF), English.
1699:Murdoch Mysteries
1676:Episode eight of
1631:Alexander Belyaev
1623:Kosmicheskiy reys
1585:Tsiolkovsky badge
1356:Wernher von Braun
1325:Socialist Academy
1295:human spaceflight
1232:multistage rocket
1213:I. V. Meshchersky
1195:
998:Nikolay Zhukovsky
921:rocket propulsion
807:Wernher von Braun
799:Robert H. Goddard
753:
752:
680:Vladimir Chelomey
248:
177:
176:
144:Scientific career
113:19 September 1935
3364:
3312:Russian atheists
3224:
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3142:KC Space Pirates
3047:Related concepts
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1051:exhaust velocity
1046:
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1043:
1038:
910:colonizing space
906:Nikolai Fyodorov
898:a Moscow library
878:Russian Orthodox
859:
818:Valentin Glushko
811:rocket engineers
787:rocket scientist
780:
779:
778:
772:
767:
763:
762:
745:
738:
731:
675:Valentin Glushko
625:Mstislav Keldysh
620:Friedrich Zander
358:Lunokhod program
246:
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3111:Yuri Artsutanov
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3021:Carbon nanotube
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2878:Historic images
2855:
2824:
2808:
2806:Further reading
2798:
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2747:McNeill, Graham
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2582:on 15 June 2012
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2497:"Is There God?"
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2254:Wayback Machine
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2208:Wayback Machine
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2077:. melnikoff.com
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1881:Russian cosmism
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1655:space elevators
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1318:Lubyanka prison
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1240:liquid hydrogen
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1053:of the engine (
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3262:Early rocketry
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3121:Jerome Pearson
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3074:Space fountain
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3026:Nanotechnology
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2957:Space elevator
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2911:978-1365259814
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1375:for the Moon.
1373:Project Apollo
1368:Sergey Korolev
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1344:stomach cancer
1336:Yakov Perelman
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1262:empty rocket.
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874:Roman Catholic
866:Russian Empire
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814:Sergei Korolev
795:Hermann Oberth
789:who pioneered
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3135:Organizations
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3095:Elevator:2010
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3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Counterweight
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2984:
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2979:
2977:
2974:
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2966:
2964:Main articles
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2846:5-02-000214-3
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2819:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2797:0-89464-039-9
2793:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2780:Cited sources
2770:
2764:
2760:
2759:Black Library
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2727:. Film Threat
2726:
2719:
2713:
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2383:0-684-12925-6
2379:
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2216:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2195:
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2177:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2157:0-7876-5454-X
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2118:
2117:www.rmg.co.uk
2114:
2108:
2093:
2089:
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2076:
2071:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2036:9780549466796
2033:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1926:
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1713:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:Warhammer 40k
1667:, set in the
1666:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1619:
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1608:
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1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
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1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:Google Doodle
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
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1477:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1429:Fermi paradox
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:Nikolai Rynin
1337:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:liquid oxygen
1233:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1141:
1140:
1122:
1118:
1110:) and final (
1095:
1091:
1082:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1001:
999:
993:
991:
985:
981:
979:
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971:
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956:
954:
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940:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
891:
890:scarlet fever
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
857:
852:
842:
840:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
793:. Along with
792:
788:
784:
777:
771:
757:
746:
741:
739:
734:
732:
727:
726:
724:
723:
716:
713:
712:
709:
704:
703:
696:
695:Boris Chertok
693:
691:
690:Vasily Mishin
688:
686:
685:Kerim Kerimov
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:Alexei Leonov
653:
651:
648:
646:
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641:
638:
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633:
631:
628:
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623:
621:
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541:
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82:
78:
71:
66:
59:
52:
49:
45:
41:
38: and the
37:
33:
29:
22:
3125:
3083:Competitions
3064:Orbital ring
3031:Space tether
3004:Technologies
2971:Construction
2891:
2833:
2813:
2787:
2750:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2718:
2707:
2688:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2657:
2644:. Retrieved
2642:(in Russian)
2634:
2622:
2613:22 September
2611:, retrieved
2607:the original
2601:
2595:
2586:22 September
2584:, retrieved
2580:the original
2574:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2518:
2514:
2504:
2491:
2475:
2470:
2451:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2428:
2418:
2409:22 September
2407:, retrieved
2403:the original
2397:
2391:
2373:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2323:the original
2313:
2282:22 September
2280:, retrieved
2276:the original
2271:
2261:
2242:
2234:the original
2229:
2225:
2215:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:
2165:
2142:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2049:
2043:
2026:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
1996:
1992:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:the original
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1922:
1716:
1697:
1690:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1634:
1621:
1579:The Russian
1568:German Titov
1564:Yuri Gagarin
1496:Tsiolkovskiy
1479:
1478:was renamed
1433:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1377:
1353:
1332:
1329:
1322:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1275:
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1217:
1209:
1014:
1010:
1002:
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982:
966:
957:
945:
933:Eiffel Tower
914:
895:
872:forester of
848:
841:
826:
803:astronautics
791:astronautics
755:
754:
640:Yuri Gagarin
614:
543:Soyuz/Vostok
398:Vega program
363:Mars program
353:Zond program
348:Luna program
306:Space probes
271:(Mars flyby)
244:Apollo–Soyuz
206:Luna program
143:
125:Russian SFSR
115:(1935-09-19)
48:
43:
35:
3252:1935 deaths
3247:1857 births
3226:Spaceflight
3170:Spaceflight
3147:LaserMotive
3054:Launch loop
2882:Tsiolkovsky
2646:17 December
2558:20 December
2434:20 February
2181:1 September
1717:On the Moon
1639: [
1605: [
1588: [
1534:There is a
1494:The crater
1481:Tsiolkovsky
1476:Amur Oblast
1416:panpsychism
925:spaceflight
917:Jules Verne
882:Volga Tatar
854: [
94: [
44:Tsiolkovsky
40:family name
36:Eduardovich
3236:Categories
2986:In fiction
2672:15 January
2122:25 October
2060:3 February
1999:(13): 77.
1660:Mechanicum
1406:philosophy
1360:Peenemünde
1308:After the
1304:Later life
1278:(Russian:
1268:hovercraft
1234:fueled by
1222:(Russian:
935:in Paris.
904:proponent
864:), in the
851:Izhevskoye
845:Early life
708:Cosmonauts
91:Izhevskoye
32:patronymic
2976:Economics
2148:2256–2258
2097:10 August
2010:6 January
1946:10 August
1902:Citations
1636:KETs Star
1633:'s novel
1598:Roscosmos
1455:In 1964,
1424:Space Age
1327:in 1918.
1171:
1149:Δ
1083:initial (
1032:Δ
829:log house
423:Molniya-M
418:Kosmos-3M
164:Signature
3257:Cosmists
3202:Aviation
2749:(2008),
2250:Archived
2204:Archived
2005:44524448
1858:See also
1529:Brisbane
1504:asteroid
1491:in 2015.
1442:Tributes
974:airlocks
900:, where
860:(now in
388:RELIKT-1
184:a series
182:Part of
3188:Portals
3069:Skyhook
2731:12 July
2523:Bibcode
2521:: 369.
2362:, p. 96
2350:, p. 95
2338:, p. 88
1972:10 June
1921:at the
1653:-based
1518:Borovsk
1404:Cosmist
1382:at the
949:Borovsk
886:Russian
837:recluse
585:Tsyklon
553:Voskhod
548:Sputnik
511:Molniya
464:Energia
333:Molniya
328:GLONASS
289:Energia
247:(joint)
229:Voskhod
3104:People
2981:Safety
2909:
2844:
2828:Review
2820:
2794:
2765:
2695:
2532:14 May
2482:
2459:
2380:
2360:Miller
2348:Miller
2336:Miller
2154:
2034:
2003:
1511:Luna 3
1469:Kaluga
1350:Legacy
1006:faired
953:Kaluga
870:Polish
833:Kaluga
558:Vostok
516:Polyot
469:Kosmos
428:Proton
393:Venera
338:Meteor
318:Kosmos
275:Spiral
239:Salyut
224:Vostok
150:Fields
121:Kaluga
30:, the
2838:Nauka
2836:. M.
2552:(PDF)
2054:(PDF)
2001:JSTOR
1707:Works
1643:]
1609:]
1592:]
1314:Cheka
1228:orbit
858:]
635:Laika
521:Soyuz
452:Zenit
440:Soyuz
343:Zenit
293:Buran
280:Almaz
263:N1-L3
234:Soyuz
98:]
2907:ISBN
2842:ISBN
2818:ISBN
2792:ISBN
2763:ISBN
2733:2010
2693:ISBN
2674:2017
2648:2022
2615:2008
2588:2008
2560:2022
2534:2022
2480:ISBN
2457:ISBN
2436:2024
2411:2008
2378:ISBN
2319:NASA
2284:2008
2183:2022
2152:ISBN
2124:2022
2099:2017
2062:2024
2032:ISBN
2012:2024
1974:2015
1948:2017
1651:Mars
1649:The
1500:Moon
1463:The
1338:and
1238:and
884:and
816:and
797:and
783:O.S.
766:IPA:
506:Luna
323:Bion
257:Zond
110:Died
85:O.S.
80:Born
1663:by
1527:in
1484:by
1467:in
1282:).
501:R-7
284:TKS
269:TMK
252:Mir
42:is
34:is
3238::
2840:.
2757::
2665:.
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2513:.
2427:.
2317:,
2291:^
2270:,
2228:.
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2132:^
2115:.
2090:.
1995:.
1991:.
1939:.
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1641:ru
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1431:.
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1168:ln
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972:,
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282:/
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23:.
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