327:
53:
349:
Rubbish from the Roman period was discovered on the site in the mid-19th century, and archaeological excavations were carried out in 1923 by the government. More excavations followed in 1954 and during the 1970s and 1990s, with a comprehensive survey of the site being conducted in 1996. The area of
250:
The rectangular fort was 3-acre (1.2 ha) in size, constructed on a ridge overlooking the
Swindale Beck. The size of the fort is uncertain, due to later work on the site, but it may have been approximately 100 by 110 metres (330 by 360 ft) across east to west, with a ditch up to 15 metres
377:
342:
around the year 410 but was eventually abandoned. In the 11th century, a Norman castle was built within the ruined walls of the fort. In the 16th century the antiquarian
745:
937:
211:
between AD 79-80, as part of his campaign to conquer the north of
Britain. The name meant "the Forts", and it served as a waypoint on the northern leg of the
231:– and points further south. One of a sequence of forts that lay every 12 miles (19 km) to 14 miles (23 km) along the route, the site protected the
490:
447:
408:
346:
rediscovered the link between the location and the Roman occupation, arguing that this site, by then called Brough, was the Roman fort of
Verterae.
824:
1366:
768:
731:
1408:
1396:
1455:
72:
152:, England. Occupied between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, it protected a key Roman road in the north of England. In the 11th century,
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1371:
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1381:
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1376:
1110:
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1776:
1329:
751:
1000:
650:
2668:
1428:
995:
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966:
817:
792:
350:
the fort, covering the medieval castle, Brough Castle Farm and the surrounding lands, is protected under UK law as a
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1005:
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2199:
339:
2039:
1643:
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810:
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1478:
1361:
907:
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2362:
2254:
2024:
1796:
1618:
1526:
1391:
1334:
351:
2718:
1811:
1766:
1693:
1613:
1561:
1551:
1503:
850:
160:. Archaeologists explored the remains during the 20th century, and it is now protected under UK law.
577:
529:
2319:
2229:
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1348:
673:
17:
52:
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2708:
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2034:
1723:
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1603:
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1508:
1213:
1153:
1133:
845:
2733:
2723:
2673:
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2467:
2442:
2407:
2289:
2014:
1661:
1423:
954:
295:
208:
695:
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2457:
2209:
2009:
2004:
1801:
1708:
1633:
1596:
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1438:
262:
Around the time of the late 4th century and early 5th century, an auxiliary unit called the
2713:
2678:
2367:
2234:
2134:
2059:
1924:
1887:
1263:
927:
733:
An
Archaeological Watching Brief and Investigation at Brough Castle, Church Brough, Cumbria
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8:
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2164:
2114:
1433:
1030:
236:
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2019:
1939:
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1746:
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307:
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1934:
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1080:
788:
592:
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462:
423:
315:
224:
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1020:
944:
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641:
612:
177:
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2299:
2279:
2239:
2174:
2124:
2119:
1994:
1944:
1852:
1686:
1666:
1586:
1035:
860:
782:
331:
145:
38:
2542:
2184:
1919:
1867:
1839:
1786:
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1566:
1541:
1498:
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1314:
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1218:
1203:
1168:
1128:
889:
343:
232:
702:. Vol. II. Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co. 1853. p. 624.
330:
Inscribed stones from
Verterae, in the south porch of St Michael's Church in
2763:
2074:
2044:
1959:
1493:
1470:
1283:
1138:
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251:(49 ft) and 6 metres (20 ft) deep in places. A settlement called a
153:
87:
74:
58:
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2412:
1857:
1806:
1761:
1756:
1608:
1418:
1304:
1248:
1243:
1015:
899:
833:
770:
An
Archaeological Field Evaluation at Brough Castle, Church Brough, Cumbria
303:
185:
2347:
1969:
1791:
1681:
1075:
299:
2572:
2512:
2477:
2269:
2204:
2194:
2089:
1974:
1862:
1445:
1413:
1158:
1085:
917:
912:
291:
216:
212:
802:
286:. Maiden Castle here guards the western approach to the summit of the
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2432:
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2159:
2109:
2104:
2029:
1989:
1877:
1847:
1656:
1531:
1324:
1208:
1183:
1062:
385:
Scottish Place Name
Society - The Brittonic Language in the Old North
287:
700:
The
Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland
2562:
2547:
2537:
2522:
2437:
2427:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2274:
2189:
2069:
2054:
1984:
1964:
1954:
1949:
1929:
1728:
1309:
1273:
1163:
1090:
922:
311:
244:
240:
220:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2462:
2447:
2264:
2259:
2244:
2214:
2169:
2149:
2129:
2084:
1816:
1671:
1450:
1258:
1253:
1143:
196:
157:
149:
42:
2592:
2472:
2402:
2342:
2337:
2304:
2064:
2049:
1999:
1979:
1401:
1278:
1173:
255:
and cemetery was constructed on the east side of the fort. The
107:
2377:
2099:
1826:
1118:
403:
401:
378:"A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence - Guide to the Elements"
184:, a plural form meaning either "ramparts" or "high places" (
2587:
2154:
2094:
1676:
1052:
228:
57:
Part of the Roman earthworks, incorporated into the later
1148:
398:
243:. The route is a major artery to this day, carrying the
730:
Gaskill, Nicola; Noakes, Helen; Woods, Frances (2009).
290:. Old gazetteers claim this fort gave its name to the
750:. London, UK: Macmillan & Co. Archived from
640:
259:included both stone and wattle-and-daub buildings.
729:
712:
524:
207:Verterae was probably built by the Roman governor
199:in Scotland may be derived from the same element.
611:
266:, around 300-400 strong, were based in the fort.
2761:
144:was a Roman fort in the modern-day village of
818:
747:Highways and Byways in the Central Highlands
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
338:Verterae was occupied for a time after the
825:
811:
776:. Alston, UK: North Pennines Archaeology.
739:. Alston, UK: North Pennines Archaeology.
780:
557:
485:
371:
369:
367:
325:
274:The remains of a Roman fortlet known as
832:
671:
14:
2762:
766:
743:
617:"Maiden Castle Roman Fortlet (15918)"
481:
442:
806:
646:"Maiden Castle near Brough (1007183)"
621:Research records (formerly PastScape)
364:
180:origin, and derived from the element
156:was built on part of the site by the
784:English Castles: A Guide by Counties
321:
676:. Portsmouth: Portsmouth University
674:"Old Cumbria Gazetteer: Maiden Way"
24:
651:National Heritage List for England
25:
2791:
787:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press.
375:
2780:Roman auxiliary forts in England
713:Gaskill, Noakes & Woods 2009
525:Gaskill, Noakes & Woods 2009
269:
51:
2775:Roman fortifications in England
722:
706:
688:
202:
665:
634:
605:
518:
475:
436:
280:, lie 8km east of Verterae at
215:connecting the Roman towns of
13:
1:
357:
1397:Frontiers and fortifications
491:"The Roman Fort of Verteris"
448:"The Roman Fort of Verteris"
409:"The Roman Fort of Verteris"
163:
7:
1456:Decorations and punishments
223:– the modern-day cities of
10:
2796:
2363:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
938:historiography of the fall
597:: CS1 maint: postscript (
549:: CS1 maint: postscript (
510:: CS1 maint: postscript (
467:: CS1 maint: postscript (
428:: CS1 maint: postscript (
352:Scheduled Ancient Monument
2744:External wars and battles
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781:Pettifer, Adrian (2002).
131:
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103:
66:
50:
36:
31:
672:Norgate, Martin (2014).
235:that stretched from the
2739:Roman–Iranian relations
1214:Optimates and populares
122:Earthworks only survive
2770:Roman sites in Cumbria
2749:Civil wars and revolts
2015:Sextus Pompeius Festus
1662:Conflict of the Orders
1021:Legislative assemblies
767:Noakes, Helen (2008).
744:Gordon, Seton (1949).
335:
209:Gnaeus Julius Agricola
2458:Simplicius of Cilicia
2210:Quintus Curtius Rufus
1439:Siege in Ancient Rome
1048:Executive magistrates
329:
247:across the Pennines.
2468:Stephanus Byzantinus
2373:Eusebius of Caesaria
2235:Sidonius Apollinaris
1925:Ammianus Marcellinus
1264:Tribune of the plebs
88:54.52611°N 2.31833°W
2644:Distinguished women
2295:Velleius Paterculus
2135:Nicolaus Damascenus
2115:Marcellus Empiricus
1504:Republican currency
754:on 19 February 2015
84: /
2418:Phlegon of Tralles
2225:Seneca the Younger
1699:Naming conventions
1429:Personal equipment
962:Later Roman Empire
580:, English Heritage
532:, English Heritage
493:, English Heritage
450:, English Heritage
411:, English Heritage
336:
264:Numerus Directorum
93:54.52611; -2.31833
2757:
2756:
2719:Pontifices maximi
2501:
2500:
2358:Diogenes Laërtius
2180:Pliny the Younger
1935:Asconius Pedianus
1895:Romance languages
1767:Civil engineering
1509:Imperial currency
1382:Political control
1343:
1342:
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322:Post-Roman period
139:
138:
16:(Redirected from
2787:
2709:Magistri equitum
2624:Cities and towns
2617:
2543:Constantinopolis
2353:Diodorus Siculus
2285:Valerius Maximus
2220:Seneca the Elder
2140:Nonius Marcellus
1908:
1907:
1461:Hippika gymnasia
1424:Infantry tactics
1330:Consular tribune
1320:Magister equitum
1269:Military tribune
1234:
1233:
1194:Pontifex maximus
1189:Princeps senatus
1179:Magister militum
945:Byzantine Empire
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340:Roman withdrawal
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114:Site information
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2300:Verrius Flaccus
2280:Valerius Antias
2240:Silius Italicus
2175:Pliny the Elder
2120:Marcus Aurelius
1995:Cornelius Nepos
1945:Aurelius Victor
1899:
1821:
1733:
1667:Secessio plebis
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696:"Roxburghshire"
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2185:Pomponius Mela
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2017:
2012:
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1992:
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1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
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1927:
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1920:Aelius Donatus
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344:William Camden
323:
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316:Hadrian's Wall
288:Stainmore Pass
283:NY 87212 13150
271:
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233:Stainmore Pass
204:
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135:1st century AD
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2010:Fabius Pictor
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1747:Amphitheatres
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1484:Deforestation
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1367:Establishment
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1071:Twelve Tables
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794:9780851157825
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579:
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567:
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561:
552:
546:
531:
527:, p. 4;
526:
521:
513:
507:
492:
487:
486:Pettifer 2002
484:, p. 4;
483:
478:
470:
464:
449:
444:
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404:
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386:
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277:Maiden Castle
270:Maiden Castle
267:
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154:Brough Castle
151:
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106:
102:
97:
69:
65:
60:
59:Brough Castle
54:
49:
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
2689:Institutions
2553:Leptis Magna
2506:Major cities
2413:Philostratus
2200:Quadrigarius
2020:Rufus Festus
1883:Contemporary
1604:Romanization
1527:Architecture
1134:Collegiality
983:Constitution
834:Ancient Rome
783:
769:
756:. Retrieved
752:the original
746:
732:
723:Bibliography
708:
699:
690:
678:. Retrieved
667:
655:. Retrieved
649:
636:
624:. Retrieved
620:
607:
582:, retrieved
578:"List Entry"
534:, retrieved
530:"List Entry"
520:
495:, retrieved
477:
452:, retrieved
438:
413:, retrieved
388:. Retrieved
384:
348:
337:
304:Kirkby Thore
298:from nearby
276:
273:
263:
261:
256:
252:
249:
206:
203:Roman period
188:
186:Middle Welsh
181:
173:
169:
167:
141:
140:
127:Site history
26:
2684:Geographers
2368:Dioscorides
2348:Cassius Dio
1970:Cassiodorus
1873:Renaissance
1479:Agriculture
1451:Auxiliaries
1392:Engineering
1229:Magistrates
1081:Citizenship
1076:Mos maiorum
1011:Late Empire
758:21 February
715:, p. 4
680:20 February
657:26 February
584:19 February
536:19 February
497:19 February
482:Noakes 2008
454:19 February
443:Gordon 1949
415:19 February
306:) north to
300:Bravoniacum
239:across the
91: /
67:Coordinates
2764:Categories
2573:Mediolanum
2513:Alexandria
2478:Themistius
2443:Porphyrius
2270:Tertullian
2205:Quintilian
2195:Propertius
2090:Lactantius
2040:Fulgentius
1975:Censorinus
1797:Sanitation
1782:Metallurgy
1739:Technology
1704:Demography
1652:Patricians
1619:Spectacles
1577:Literature
1572:Hairstyles
1409:Technology
1159:Praefectus
1111:Government
1101:Litigation
1086:Auctoritas
1031:Centuriate
918:Principate
913:Pax Romana
873:Foundation
390:25 October
358:References
296:Roman road
294:– the old
292:Maiden Way
237:River Eden
217:Luguvalium
213:Roman road
76:54°31′34″N
45:, England
2729:Quaestors
2659:Empresses
2649:Dynasties
2639:Dictators
2614:and other
2603:Volubilis
2598:Vindobona
2558:Londinium
2483:Theodoret
2453:Procopius
2433:Polyaenus
2408:Pausanias
2310:Vitruvius
2255:Symmachus
2250:Suetonius
2160:Petronius
2145:Obsequens
2110:Macrobius
2105:Lucretius
2030:Frontinus
2005:Eutropius
1990:Columella
1940:Augustine
1930:Appuleius
1878:Neo-Latin
1853:Classical
1844:Versions
1752:Aqueducts
1694:Patronage
1614:Sexuality
1587:Mythology
1562:Education
1552:Cosmetics
1377:Campaigns
1372:Structure
1325:Decemviri
1184:Imperator
883:overthrow
178:Brittonic
168:The name
164:Etymology
119:Condition
79:2°19′06″W
2734:Tribunes
2724:Praetors
2674:Generals
2654:Emperors
2563:Lugdunum
2548:Eboracum
2538:Carthage
2523:Aquileia
2438:Polybius
2428:Plutarch
2398:Libanius
2388:Josephus
2383:Herodian
2275:Tibullus
2190:Priscian
2165:Phaedrus
2125:Manilius
2070:Jordanes
2055:Hydatius
1985:Claudian
1965:Catullus
1955:Boëthius
1950:Ausonius
1868:Medieval
1840:Alphabet
1812:Theatres
1787:Numerals
1772:Concrete
1762:Circuses
1729:Bagaudae
1719:Adoption
1714:Marriage
1687:Assembly
1592:Religion
1567:Folklore
1547:Clothing
1542:Calendar
1499:Currency
1489:Commerce
1387:Strategy
1349:Military
1335:Triumvir
1315:Dictator
1310:Interrex
1289:Governor
1274:Quaestor
1237:Ordinary
1219:Province
1209:Tetrarch
1199:Augustus
1164:Vicarius
1154:Officium
1091:Imperium
1041:Plebeian
1001:Republic
923:Dominate
890:Republic
851:Timeline
593:cite web
545:cite web
506:cite web
463:cite web
424:cite web
312:Carvoran
241:Pennines
225:Carlisle
221:Eboracum
189:gwarther
176:, is of
174:Verteris
170:Verterae
142:Verterae
32:Verterae
18:Verteris
2704:Legions
2664:Fiction
2634:Consuls
2629:Climate
2583:Ravenna
2578:Pompeii
2568:Lutetia
2533:Bononia
2528:Berytus
2518:Antioch
2493:Zosimus
2488:Zonaras
2463:Sozomen
2448:Priscus
2423:Photius
2265:Terence
2260:Tacitus
2245:Statius
2230:Servius
2215:Sallust
2170:Plautus
2150:Orosius
2130:Martial
2085:Juvenal
2060:Hyginus
2045:Gellius
1904:Writers
1835:History
1817:Thermae
1807:Temples
1757:Bridges
1724:Slavery
1672:Equites
1644:Society
1624:Theatre
1597:Deities
1557:Cuisine
1537:Bathing
1519:Culture
1494:Finance
1471:Economy
1362:Borders
1357:History
1259:Tribune
1254:Praetor
1144:Legatus
1139:Emperor
1026:Curiate
996:Kingdom
991:History
967:History
950:decline
908:History
878:Kingdom
861:History
846:Outline
626:11 July
197:Fortriu
182:werther
158:Normans
150:Cumbria
43:Cumbria
2714:Nomina
2699:Legacy
2679:Gentes
2616:topics
2612:Lists
2593:Smyrna
2473:Strabo
2403:Lucian
2393:Julian
2343:Arrian
2338:Appian
2328:Aelian
2305:Vergil
2080:Justin
2065:Jerome
2050:Horace
2035:Fronto
2025:Florus
2000:Ennius
1980:Cicero
1960:Caesar
1858:Vulgar
1682:Tribes
1609:Romans
1419:Legion
1402:castra
1279:Aedile
1249:Censor
1244:Consul
1204:Caesar
1174:Lictor
1096:Status
1036:Tribal
1016:Senate
1006:Empire
900:Empire
836:topics
791:
308:Magnae
193:Ferter
146:Brough
108:Castra
39:Brough
2378:Galen
2320:Greek
2290:Varro
2100:Lucan
1912:Latin
1827:Latin
1802:Ships
1792:Roads
1777:Domes
1709:Women
1657:Plebs
1582:Music
1124:Forum
1119:Curia
774:(PDF)
737:(PDF)
381:(PDF)
314:) on
257:vicus
253:vicus
219:with
172:, or
132:Built
2694:Laws
2669:Film
2588:Roma
2155:Ovid
2095:Livy
1863:Late
1677:Gens
1634:Wine
1446:Navy
1414:Army
1053:SPQR
955:fall
933:fall
789:ISBN
760:2015
682:2015
659:2018
628:2015
599:link
586:2015
551:link
538:2015
512:link
499:2015
469:link
456:2015
430:link
417:2015
392:2018
229:York
227:and
195:and
104:Type
1848:Old
1532:Art
1305:Rex
1149:Dux
1063:Law
245:A66
191:).
2766::
698:.
648:.
644:.
619:.
615:.
595:}}
591:{{
559:^
547:}}
543:{{
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504:{{
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461:{{
426:}}
422:{{
400:^
383:.
366:^
354:.
318:.
148:,
41:,
826:e
819:t
812:v
797:.
762:.
684:.
661:.
630:.
601:)
553:)
514:)
471:)
432:)
394:.
334:.
310:(
302:(
61:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
