322:
181:
2367:
161:
36:
990:
245:
the physical sheet of paper, combining recto and verso sides of different leaves. The number of pages in a book using this binding technique must thus be a multiple of four, and the number of leaves must be a multiple of two, but unused pages are typically left unnumbered and uncounted. A sheet folded in this manner is known as a
517:—although usually in these cases there is no obvious primary side. Some works are planned to exploit being on two sides of the same piece of paper, but usually the works are not intended to be considered together. Paper was relatively expensive in the past; good drawing paper still is much more expensive than normal paper.
244:
are stacked and folded in half, producing two leaves and four pages for each sheet. For example, the outer sheet in a 16-page book will have one leaf with pages 1 (recto) and 2 (verso), and another leaf with pages 15 (recto) and 16 (verso). Pages 1 and 16, for example, are printed on the same side of
442:, as a different grain ran across each side, and only one side was suitable to be written on, so that usually papyrus would carry writing only on the "correct", smooth side (and just in exceptional cases would there be writing on the reverse side of the leaf).
520:
By book publishing convention, the first page of a book, and sometimes of each section and chapter of a book, is a recto page, and hence all recto pages will have odd numbers and all verso pages will have even numbers.
461:. However, as these scripts are written in the other direction to the scripts witnessed in European codices, the recto page is to the left while the verso is to the right. The reading order of each
492:
method, which printed by rubbing from behind the page being printed, and so could only print on one side of a piece of paper. The distinction between recto and verso can be convenient in the
185:
255:
paper consists of unbound leaves. Sometimes single-sided or blank leaves are used for numbering or counting and abbreviated "l." instead of "p." for the number of pages.
1952:
497:
188:, Arabic, or Hebrew). In this picture, the recto page shown is of the following leaf in a book and hence comes next to the verso of the previous leaf.
176:
is the back page. In this picture, the recto page shown is of the following leaf in a book and hence comes next to the verso of the previous leaf.
2326:
1149:
789:Ásia de João de Barros: Dos feitos que os Portugueses fizeram no descobrimento e conquista dos mares e terras do Oriente. Tercera Década
823:
100:
706:
72:
1396:
687:
the term recto verso is also used to indicate two-sided printing. Duplex printers are referred to as recto verso printers.
556:
carries a consecutive number on its recto side, while on the verso side there is no number. This was also very common in
642:
Manuscrits français de la collection berlinoise disponibles à la
Bibliothèque Jagellonne de Cracovie (XVIe-XIXe siècles)
937:
325:
79:
768:
735:
664:
119:
53:
503:
The "recto" and "verso" terms can also be employed for the front and back of a one-sheet artwork, particularly in
380:
respectively. Editions of manuscripts will thus mark the position of text in the original manuscript in the form
321:
86:
57:
2321:
905:
68:
2206:
2168:
816:
560:
internal company reports in the 20th century, before double-sided printers became commonplace in offices.
277:(which translate as "on the right side of the leaf" and "on the back side of the leaf"). The two opposite
2352:
1421:
880:
1932:
2401:
1578:
1008:
423:. This terminology has been standard since the beginnings of modern codicology in the 17th century.
2336:
2153:
1824:
1761:
1466:
1389:
1348:
1215:
1124:
809:
46:
760:
753:
1781:
1504:
1154:
910:
607:"These poems finish the full back page (the front is blank) of the first leaf of the volume" ,
154:
645:
637:
629:
612:
2256:
1756:
1751:
1664:
1651:
1484:
1280:
1129:
233:
93:
17:
313:
already imply that the text on the page (and not the physical page itself) are referred to.
2396:
2048:
1689:
1543:
1200:
539:
446:
401:
8:
2411:
2370:
2331:
2244:
2138:
1993:
1971:
1961:
1829:
1436:
1426:
1382:
932:
920:
890:
574:
144:
445:
The terms "recto" and "verso" are also used in the codicology of manuscripts written in
2294:
2221:
2201:
2191:
2163:
2133:
2093:
1720:
1583:
1568:
1509:
1499:
1343:
1338:
1270:
863:
489:
2216:
1076:
2391:
2239:
2158:
2113:
2043:
1514:
1228:
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1174:
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1134:
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858:
764:
731:
702:
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466:
531:
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2125:
2078:
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1725:
1535:
1048:
2261:
2148:
2143:
2063:
2031:
1922:
1659:
1187:
853:
680:
458:
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450:
434:"right, correct, proper" for the front side of the leaf derives from the use of
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2211:
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1891:
1715:
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1603:
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1205:
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1104:
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947:
485:
439:
241:
184:
Right-to-left language books: recto is the front page, verso is the back page (
1033:
2385:
2058:
2026:
2016:
1896:
1043:
605:
Quibus carminibus finitur totum primum folium versum (rectum vacat) voluminis
137:
1250:
2316:
2196:
2083:
2068:
2038:
1998:
1981:
1735:
1705:
1679:
1588:
1431:
1413:
1265:
1114:
585:
278:
237:
169:
133:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2289:
2103:
2053:
2008:
1948:
1912:
1883:
1871:
1851:
1674:
1626:
1494:
1363:
1353:
1290:
1023:
1013:
967:
900:
895:
840:
832:
727:
626:
Longinus on the
Sublime: The Greek Text Edited After the Paris Manuscript
569:
2284:
2098:
1988:
1841:
1834:
1811:
1766:
1730:
1684:
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1636:
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1456:
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1119:
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952:
868:
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180:
1776:
1771:
1548:
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1311:
1223:
1182:
1038:
1028:
885:
525:
252:
484:
is the norm for printed books but was an important advantage of the
249:, a word also used for a book or pamphlet made with this technique.
35:
2249:
2108:
1927:
1800:
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1611:
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is the "left" or "back" side when text is written or printed on a
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1710:
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873:
513:
drawing is a sheet with drawings on both sides, for example in a
504:
435:
132:"Recto" redirects here. For the road in Manila, Philippines, see
550:("leaves") rather than the pages, that are numbered. Thus, each
164:
Left-to-right language books (e.g. books in
Western languages):
1976:
1593:
962:
801:
697:
Drake, Paul (2007). "The Basic
Elements and Order of a Book".
1819:
1558:
1526:
1374:
462:
246:
214:
2175:
2021:
1966:
977:
634:
The
Ordained Women Deacons of the Church's First Millennium
609:
Catalogus historico-criticus
Romanarum editionum saeculi XV
218:
989:
750:
143:"Recto Verso" redirects here. For the Zaz album, see
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
752:
2383:
755:Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors
537:
529:
240:– front and back. In modern books, the physical
465:remains first verso, then recto, regardless of
683:that means "two sides of a sheet or page". In
356:is numbered, and the sides are referred to as
2327:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
1390:
817:
1869:
508:
478:
153:"Verso" redirects here. For other uses, see
1316:
551:
545:
528:and still in some 16th-century books (e.g.
428:
426:In 2011, Martyn Lyons argued that the term
413:
405:
366:
358:
338:
307:
299:
291:
283:
271:
264:
208:
27:"Front" and "back" sides of a leaf of paper
1397:
1383:
824:
810:
791:. Imprensa Nacional – Casa da Moeda, 1992.
724:Copyediting & Proofreading For Dummies
2353:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
320:
179:
159:
14:
2384:
1378:
805:
783:See e.g. a modern reprint of the 3rd
721:
696:
496:of scholarly books, particularly in
263:The terms are shortened from Latin:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
197:is the "right" or "front" side and
186:vertical Chinese, vertical Japanese
24:
326:Grandes Heures of Anne of Brittany
25:
2423:
797:
2366:
2365:
988:
699:You Ought to Write All That Down
472:The terms are carried over into
34:
831:
524:In many early printed books or
45:needs additional citations for
1404:
777:
751:Merriam–Webster, Inc. (1998).
744:
715:
690:
670:
649:
618:
597:
13:
1:
2322:History of Western typography
701:. Heritage Books. p. 1.
659:. Getty Publications. p. 21.
591:
2169:traditional point-size names
759:. Merriam–Webster. pp.
258:
213:) in a bound item such as a
7:
1422:Canons of page construction
881:Canons of page construction
563:
297:in Latin, and the ablative
136:. For the LRT station, see
10:
2428:
488:over the much older Asian
152:
142:
131:
2361:
2345:
2277:
2230:
2184:
2124:
2007:
1947:
1905:
1882:
1850:
1810:
1799:
1744:
1698:
1650:
1602:
1579:Subscript and superscript
1534:
1525:
1475:
1412:
1299:
1214:
1173:
1075:
1057:
1009:Anthropodermic bibliopegy
997:
986:
839:
530:
2337:Vox-ATypI classification
1467:Intentionally blank page
1349:Intentionally blank page
396:, or with a superscript
316:
722:Gilad, Suzanne (2007).
657:Books: A Living History
336:, each physical sheet (
1870:
1317:
552:
546:
538:
509:
479:
429:
414:
406:
392:in superscript, as in
367:
359:
339:
329:
308:
300:
292:
284:
281:themselves are called
272:
265:
209:
189:
177:
155:Verso (disambiguation)
679:is an expression in
655:Martyn Lyons (2011).
447:right-to-left scripts
384:, sometimes with the
324:
234:double-sided printing
183:
163:
2207:Typographic features
236:, each leaf has two
54:improve this article
2332:Technical lettering
2231:Typography in other
1972:Hanging punctuation
575:Obverse and reverse
2295:Handwriting script
2222:Desktop publishing
2192:Character encoding
2185:Digital typography
1699:Horizontal aspects
1652:Visual distinction
1510:Widows and orphans
1344:Fore-edge painting
1339:Extra-illustration
490:woodblock printing
330:
190:
178:
2379:
2378:
2126:Typographic units
2044:For position only
1943:
1942:
1795:
1794:
1372:
1371:
1251:Addendum/Appendix
1135:Table of contents
708:978-0-7884-0989-9
498:bilingual edition
467:writing direction
372:, abbreviated as
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Recto and verso"
16:(Redirected from
2419:
2402:Book terminology
2369:
2368:
2346:Related template
2278:Related articles
2079:Phototypesetting
1933:reverse-contrast
1918:Display typeface
1875:
1852:Blackletter type
1808:
1807:
1745:Vertical aspects
1726:Sentence spacing
1536:Typeface anatomy
1532:
1531:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1320:
1049:Treasure binding
992:
826:
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741:
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311:
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125:
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38:
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21:
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2380:
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2233:writing systems
2232:
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2180:
2120:
2064:Microtypography
2003:
1939:
1901:
1878:
1846:
1803:classifications
1802:
1791:
1740:
1694:
1660:Blackboard bold
1646:
1598:
1521:
1471:
1462:Recto and verso
1408:
1403:
1373:
1368:
1295:
1210:
1206:Tipped-in pages
1169:
1150:Acknowledgments
1071:
1053:
1000:
993:
984:
958:Recto and verso
844:
835:
830:
800:
795:
782:
778:
771:
749:
745:
738:
730:. p. 209.
720:
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695:
691:
675:
671:
654:
650:
640:; etc. Tylus,
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619:
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598:
594:
566:
540:Décadas da Ásia
400:indicating the
319:
261:
242:sheets of paper
158:
151:
141:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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2269:
2267:National Fonts
2259:
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2224:
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2212:Web typography
2209:
2204:
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2089:Reversing type
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2013:
2011:
2005:
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2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
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1716:Letter-spacing
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1708:
1702:
1700:
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1682:
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1670:Color printing
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1604:Capitalization
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1300:Other elements
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1117:
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1110:Imprimi potest
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1105:Edition notice
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948:Page numbering
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798:External links
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707:
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632:; Wijngaards,
624:e.g. Roberts,
617:
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589:
588:
583:
578:
572:
565:
562:
532:João de Barros
500:translations.
486:printing press
440:late antiquity
344:, abbreviated
328:, f. 189v-190r
318:
315:
260:
257:
128:
127:
110:September 2024
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2059:Microprinting
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
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19:
2317:Type foundry
2154:Metric units
2084:Punchcutting
2069:Movable type
2039:Font catalog
1999:Vertical bar
1736:Word spacing
1706:Figure space
1589:Text figures
1461:
1432:Even working
1266:Bibliography
1155:Introduction
1115:Nihil obstat
1095:Frontispiece
1077:Front matter
957:
911:Illumination
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134:Recto Avenue
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2397:Book design
2312:Type design
2307:Style guide
2300:Calligraphy
2290:Handwriting
2104:Type design
2054:Lorem ipsum
2049:Letterpress
2009:Typesetting
1949:Punctuation
1913:Record type
1884:Gaelic type
1872:Schwabacher
1762:Body height
1627:Letter case
1495:Line length
1364:Thumb index
1330:Die-cutting
1291:Author page
1216:Back matter
1175:Body matter
1024:Dust jacket
1014:Bookbinding
1001:back covers
968:Rubrication
921:Historiated
841:Page layout
833:Book design
728:For Dummies
677:Recto verso
581:Page spread
570:Book design
510:recto-verso
480:recto-verso
407:rēctō foliō
273:versō foliō
266:rēctō foliō
146:Recto Verso
2412:Codicology
2386:Categories
2285:Penmanship
2257:East Asian
2099:Type color
2032:monospaced
1989:Interpunct
1982:minus sign
1906:Specialist
1842:Sans-serif
1835:slab serif
1812:Roman type
1767:Cap height
1731:Thin space
1690:Whitespace
1642:Title case
1637:Snake case
1632:Small caps
1617:Camel case
1549:Diacritics
1457:Pull quote
1452:Pagination
1447:Paper size
1406:Typography
1326:Book rhyme
1307:Book curse
1246:Postscript
1229:Conclusion
1125:Dedication
1120:Imprimatur
1100:Title page
1085:Half-title
999:Front and
953:Pull quote
854:Annotation
846:typography
592:References
526:incunables
515:sketchbook
494:annotation
354:manuscript
334:codicology
223:broadsheet
80:newspapers
1782:Overshoot
1777:Mean line
1772:Descender
1685:Underline
1527:Character
1505:Runaround
1485:Alignment
1477:Paragraph
1318:ex-librīs
1312:Bookplate
1224:Afterword
1183:Body text
1059:Endpapers
1039:Paperback
1029:Hardcover
938:Miniature
926:Inhabited
906:Headpiece
886:Catchword
628:(2011),
259:Etymology
253:Looseleaf
2392:Printing
2371:Category
2250:PT Fonts
2245:Cyrillic
2109:Typeface
2027:computer
1928:fat face
1801:Typeface
1787:x-height
1757:Baseline
1752:Ascender
1612:All caps
1574:Rotation
1569:Ligature
1564:Ink trap
1359:Slipcase
1286:Postface
1281:Colophon
1261:Glossary
1256:Endnotes
1234:Epilogue
1201:Sections
1188:Chapters
1160:Prologue
1140:Foreword
1130:Epigraph
973:Typeface
943:Ornament
859:Footnote
787:(1563):
685:Flanders
636:(2012),
611:(1783),
577:in coins
564:See also
474:printing
419:, as in
402:ablative
227:pamphlet
2407:Papyrus
2197:Hinting
2074:Pangram
1892:Insular
1865:Rotunda
1860:Fraktur
1825:Antiqua
1711:Kerning
1680:Oblique
1675:Italics
1622:Initial
1554:Dingbat
1544:Counter
1490:Leading
1354:Pop-ups
1334:Endband
1145:Preface
1067:Marbled
1034:Leather
1019:Buckram
916:Initial
874:Scholia
505:drawing
449:, like
436:papyrus
382:fol. 1r
352:) of a
148:(album)
94:scholar
2240:Arabic
2139:Cicero
1977:Hyphen
1962:Bullet
1923:script
1897:Uncial
1830:Didone
1594:Tittle
1437:Margin
1427:Column
1276:Errata
963:Rubric
933:Margin
901:Header
896:Footer
891:Column
785:Década
767:
734:
705:
681:French
663:
644:(2010)
613:p. 225
553:folium
459:Hebrew
455:Arabic
451:Syriac
430:rēctum
340:folium
210:folium
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2164:Point
2134:Agate
1994:Space
1820:Serif
1721:Pitch
1584:Swash
1559:Glyph
1500:River
1271:Index
1239:Outro
1197:Parts
864:Gloss
603:e.g.
547:folia
507:. A
463:folio
415:versō
317:Usage
309:versō
301:rēctō
279:pages
247:folio
238:pages
225:, or
215:codex
200:verso
194:Recto
174:verso
166:recto
101:JSTOR
87:books
18:Verso
2262:Thai
2176:Twip
2159:Pica
2114:list
2094:Sort
2022:Font
1967:Dash
1953:List
1665:Bold
1515:runt
1414:Page
978:Font
843:and
765:ISBN
732:ISBN
703:ISBN
661:ISBN
558:e.g.
457:and
388:and
376:and
364:and
346:fol.
289:and
269:and
219:book
170:page
73:news
761:337
638:232
630:170
536:'s
438:in
348:or
332:In
232:In
56:by
2388::
2149:En
2144:Em
763:.
726:.
476:;
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453:,
421:1r
411:,
350:f.
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229:.
221:,
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1955:)
1951:(
1398:e
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398:o
394:1
390:v
386:r
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374:r
207:(
157:.
150:.
140:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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