209:
27:
39:
165:
265:
1106:
1116:
1096:
257:
287:"f2 r." on the right of the "opening", or two pages that are visible. For books in Arabic, Hebrew, Japanese and other languages, where the book is begun from the back in Western terms, with the open page edges at the reader's left, the numbering also follows the sequence in which the reader encounters.
327:
From the mid-nineteenth century, technology permitted the manufacture of large sheets or rolls of paper on which books were printed, many text pages at a time. As a result, it became nearly impossible to determine the actual format (i.e., number of leaves formed from each sheet fed into a press). The
192:
A folio (from Latin foliō, abl. of folium, leaf) is a book or pamphlet made up of one or more full sheets of paper, on each sheet of which four pages of text are printed, two on each side; each sheet is then folded one time to produce two leaves. Each leaf of a folio book thus is one half the size of
124:
to designate the first and second sides, and (unlike the usage in printing) disregarding whether the leaf concerned is actually physically still joined with another leaf. This usually appears abbreviated: "f26r." means the first side of the 26th leaf in a book. This will be on the right hand side of
290:
In the discussion of two-columned manuscripts, a/b/c/d can denote the left- and right-hand columns of recto and verso pages (e.g. "f. 150a" and "f. 150b" are the left and right columns on the recto page, and "f. 150c" and "f. 150d" the left and right columns on the verso page). In the discussion of
227:
was printed in about 1455 as a folio, in which four pages of text were printed on each sheet of paper, which were then folded once. The page size is 12 x 17.5 inches (307 x 445 mm), a "double folio" size. Several such folded conjugate pairs of leaves were inserted inside one another to produce
286:
the second. In
Western books, which are read by turning the pages over from right to left, when the book is begun with the open page edges at the reader's right, the first page to be seen is "folio 1 recto", typically abbreviated to "f1 r.". When this page is turned over "f1 v." is on the left and
148:
Third, folio is also used as an approximate term for a size of book, typically about 15 inches (38 cm) tall, and as such does not necessarily indicate the actual printing format of the books, which may even be unknown as is the case for many modern books. Other common book formats are
201:, folding each sheet three times. Unlike the folio, these last, and further types involving more folds, require the pages of the book to be cut open after binding, which might be done mechanically by the printer, but in historic books was often left for the reader to do with a
247:
currently lists about 28,100 different editions of surviving books, pamphlets and broadsides (some fragmentary only) printed before 1501, of which about 8,600 are folios, representing just over 30 percent of all works in the catalogue.
101:. Each leaf of a folio book thus is one half the size of the original sheet. Ordinarily, additional printed folio sheets would be inserted inside one another to form a group or "gathering" of leaves prior to binding the book.
303:
on which it was printed, and in older periods these were not standardized, so the term's meaning is only approximate. Historically, printers used a range of names such as (with approximate maximum page height):
1017:
220:
There are variations in how folios are produced. For example, bibliographers call a book printed as a folio (two leaves per full sheet), but bound in gatherings of 8 leaves each, a "folio in 8s."
291:
three-columned manuscripts, notation may make use of folio number + recto/verso + column a/b/c (e.g. "f. 3 v. col. c" references the third column on the verso side of the third folio).
97:
made up of one or more full sheets of paper, on each of which four pages of text are printed, two on each side; each sheet is then folded once to produce two
74:
into book form, folding the sheet only once, and a term for a book made in this way; second, it is a general term for a sheet, leaf or page in (especially)
458:
328:
term "folio" as applied to such books may refer simply to the size, i.e., books that are approximately 15 inches (38 cm) tall.
346:
From the earliest days of printing, folios were often used for expensive, prestigious volumes. In the seventeenth century, plays of the
1204:
1171:
341:
1184:
1152:
1064:
232:
edition is printed as a folio and has a page height of 12.5 inches (320 mm), making it a rather small folio size.
239:
period (books printed before 1501), although the earliest printed book, surviving only as a fragment of a leaf, is a
208:
878:
244:
350:
were printed as collected editions in folio. Thirty-six of
Shakespeare's plays, for example, were included in the
544:
985:
1455:
1318:
1247:
112:
that are bound but without page numbers as an equivalent of "page" (both sides), "sheet" or "leaf", using
1298:
1130:
888:
347:
893:
706:
26:
429:
1450:
1229:
873:
1404:
1384:
1273:
1145:
675:
409:
161:, which are both also printing formats, involving two and three folds in the sheet respectively.
228:
the sections or gatherings, which were then sewn together to form the final book. Shakespeare's
758:
599:
354:
collected edition of 1623, which was followed by additional folio editions, referred to as the
137:, and will be opposite for books composed in a script that is read from right to left, such as
20:
358:, etc. Other playwrights in this period also published their plays in folio editions, such as
1445:
1409:
1044:
975:
670:
240:
1440:
775:
631:
38:
8:
1162:
616:
537:
1394:
1138:
1081:
990:
441:
125:
the opening of any book composed in a script that is read from left to right, such as
1115:
959:
790:
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1414:
1303:
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71:
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55:
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1333:
1323:
1308:
1278:
1242:
1237:
1007:
815:
785:
733:
142:
138:
62: 'leaf') has three interconnected but distinct meanings in the world of
508:
1369:
1364:
1263:
1214:
1119:
980:
728:
713:
643:
626:
355:
278:
In the discussion of manuscripts, a folio means a leaf with two pages, the
184:'s plays, printed in 1623; however, their actual size is rather different.
168:
The folio: printing, folding and cutting, compared to the quarto and octavo
134:
126:
98:
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31:
1379:
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359:
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236:
109:
75:
868:
264:
1012:
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621:
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472:
79:
43:
1022:
934:
927:
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738:
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606:
94:
67:
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256:
820:
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1189:
1032:
382:
377:
198:
194:
157:
151:
1054:
1037:
947:
748:
323:
Crown Folio (15 inches, ≈ 38 cm) (the most common).
283:
279:
78:
and old books; and third, it is an approximate term for the
1049:
553:
63:
522:
405:
A Dictionary of
English Manuscript Terminology 1450–2000
70:: first, it is a term for a common method of arranging
374:(includes detailed discussion of various book formats)
16:
Technical term describing the format or size of a book
446:
235:
Folios were a common format of books printed in the
1432:
299:The actual size of a folio book depends on the
282:being the first the reader encounters, and the
308:Double Elephant Folio (50 inches, 127 cm)
260:Left-to-right language books (such as English)
1146:
538:
314:Elephant Folio (23 inches, ≈ 58 cm)
268:Right-to-left language books (such as Arabic)
320:Medium Folio (18 inches, ≈ 46 cm)
172:Famous folios (in both senses) include the
46:, North Africa, 8th c. (Khalili Collection)
1153:
1139:
545:
531:
317:Royal Folio (20 inches, ≈ 51 cm)
311:Atlas Folio (25 inches, ≈ 63 cm)
193:the original sheet. This contrasts with a
491:"ISTC (Incunabula Shorttitle Catalogue)"
473:"ISTC (Incunabula Shorttitle Catalogue)"
263:
255:
207:
163:
37:
25:
1433:
1134:
526:
331:
448:, Oxford 1927 and later eds., p. 28.
401:
1185:List of Shakespeare plays in quarto
13:
342:Early texts of Shakespeare's works
104:Second, folio is used in terms of
30:The title-page of the Shakespeare
14:
1467:
251:
176:, printed in about 1455, and the
1114:
1105:
1104:
1094:
432:, 2d ed, (1989), on line access.
245:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
197:, folding each sheet twice, and
1095:
301:size of the full sheet of paper
82:, and for a book of this size.
501:
483:
465:
451:
435:
423:
395:
1:
402:Beal, Peter (2008), "folio",
388:
1018:Conservation and restoration
362:'s collected works of 1616.
85:First, a folio (abbreviated
7:
365:
348:English Renaissance theatre
10:
1472:
335:
271:
42:Single folio from a large
18:
1357:
1256:
1228:
1170:
1090:
968:
902:
841:
689:
560:
552:
430:Oxford English Dictionary
216:, printed in folio format
187:
459:"Beinecke Library, Yale"
108:for some books and most
676:Collection (publishing)
600:Illuminated manuscripts
410:Oxford University Press
294:
269:
261:
243:. The British Library
217:
169:
129:(as used in English),
47:
35:
21:Folio (disambiguation)
1045:Intellectual property
671:Volume (bibliography)
267:
259:
211:
180:collected edition of
167:
41:
29:
1456:Printing terminology
19:For other uses, see
1163:William Shakespeare
408:(Online ed.),
1395:Augustine Matthews
1172:Folios and quartos
1161:Early editions of
1082:World Book Capital
442:Ronald B. McKerrow
332:Shakespeare folios
270:
262:
218:
170:
48:
36:
1428:
1427:
1319:Thomas Millington
1128:
1127:
960:Coffee table book
791:Bookworm (insect)
1463:
1415:Valentine Simmes
1304:Henry Herringman
1294:Philip Chetwinde
1289:Nathaniel Butter
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1108:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1028:History of books
547:
540:
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1451:Book publishing
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1420:William Stansby
1390:William Jaggard
1353:
1314:Richard Meighen
1299:Richard Hawkins
1252:
1224:
1166:
1159:
1129:
1124:
1086:
1071:The Philobiblon
964:
898:
837:
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632:limited edition
556:
551:
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276:
274:Recto and verso
254:
225:Gutenberg Bible
214:Gutenberg Bible
190:
174:Gutenberg Bible
93:) is a book or
72:sheets of paper
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1077:World Book Day
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1003:Book packaging
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272:Main article:
253:
252:Page numbering
250:
189:
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106:page numbering
80:size of a book
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1468:
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1405:James Roberts
1403:
1401:
1400:Nicholas Okes
1398:
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1385:Richard Field
1383:
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1375:Thomas Creede
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1344:John Waterson
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1334:Thomas Thorpe
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1324:Thomas Pavier
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1309:William Leake
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1279:Edward Blount
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1248:Edward Knight
1246:
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1243:Henry Condell
1241:
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1238:John Heminges
1236:
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1231:
1230:Early editors
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1008:Book swapping
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816:Print culture
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734:Bibliotherapy
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495:data.cerl.org
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477:data.cerl.org
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28:
22:
1446:Book formats
1370:Thomas Cotes
1365:Edward Allde
1264:Robert Allot
1215:Second Folio
1205:First Quarto
1069:
1065:Preservation
981:Book burning
976:Banned books
952:
729:Bibliophilia
714:Bibliography
644:advance copy
627:instant book
595:Illustration
578:dust jackets
512:
509:"Book Sizes"
503:
494:
485:
476:
467:
453:
445:
437:
425:
413:, retrieved
404:
397:
356:Second Folio
345:
326:
298:
289:
277:
234:
222:
219:
212:Copy of the
191:
171:
156:
150:
147:
119:
115:
103:
90:
86:
84:
59:
54:" (from
51:
49:
1441:Bookbinding
1410:Peter Short
1349:Andrew Wise
1274:John Benson
1220:False Folio
1210:First Folio
1180:Foul papers
998:Book curses
874:Netherlands
744:Bookselling
719:Bibliomania
702:Bestsellers
690:Consumption
681:Book series
666:Typesetting
513:trussel.com
415:22 November
372:Bookbinding
352:First Folio
338:False Folio
230:First Folio
203:paper-knife
182:Shakespeare
178:First Folio
110:manuscripts
76:manuscripts
32:First Folio
1435:Categories
1380:George Eld
1257:Publishers
1200:Bad quarto
943:audiobooks
842:By country
795:Furniture
786:Digitizing
781:Collecting
771:Censorship
754:book towns
639:Publishing
622:incunabula
561:Production
389:References
360:Ben Jonson
336:See also:
237:incunabula
50:The term "
1013:Book tour
986:incidents
918:miniature
913:fictional
799:bookcases
739:Bookmarks
654:paperback
649:hardcover
1358:Printers
1165:'s works
1110:Category
1023:Dog ears
939:Formats
935:Grimoire
928:textbook
879:Pakistan
826:literacy
804:bookends
723:tsundoku
607:Printing
366:See also
131:Cyrillic
95:pamphlet
68:printing
1100:Outline
1060:Outline
969:Related
909:Genres
859:Germany
833:Reviews
821:Reading
811:Library
759:history
617:history
612:edition
590:Editing
568:Binding
118:" and "
1190:Quarto
1120:Portal
1033:scroll
948:Ebooks
923:pop-up
854:France
849:Brazil
749:blurbs
697:Awards
585:Design
573:Covers
383:Quarto
378:Octavo
241:quarto
199:octavo
195:quarto
188:Format
158:octavo
152:quarto
143:Arabic
139:Hebrew
99:leaves
60:folium
44:Qur'an
34:, 1623
1195:Folio
1055:Novel
1038:codex
953:Folio
903:Other
884:Spain
869:Japan
864:Italy
776:Clubs
554:Books
284:verso
280:recto
135:Greek
133:, or
127:Latin
120:verso
116:recto
64:books
58:
56:Latin
52:folio
1050:ISBN
991:Nazi
764:used
707:list
661:Size
417:2013
340:and
295:Size
223:The
155:and
141:and
66:and
89:or
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