Second Vatican Council

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assertion in the Bible was free of error. The debate lasted six days. The dramatic vote on acceptance in principle came on November 20. The question was phrased in terms of rejection: Should the schema be rejected? Yes: 1,360. No: 822. This was 102 votes short of the two-thirds majority required by Council regulations, and so the council would have to continue discussing a schema that 62% of the participants rejected. Resolution of the impasse came the next day (November 21): Pope John announced the schema would be revised by a special joint commission made up of members of the Doctrinal Commission (representing the conservative tendency) and the Secretariat for Christian Unity (representing the renewal tendency). A third victory for renewal and a crucial turning point at the council.

1326:(§1). All the bishops of the world, as well as the heads of the main religious orders of men, were entitled to be "Council Fathers", that is, full participants with the right to speak and vote. Their number was about 2,900, though some 500 of them would be unable to attend, either for reasons of health or old age, or because the Communist authorities of their country would not let them travel. The Council Fathers in attendance represented 79 countries: 38% were from Europe, 31% from the Americas, 20% from Asia & Oceania, and 10% from Africa. (At Vatican I a century earlier there were 737 Council Fathers, mostly from Europe). At Vatican II, some 250 bishops were native-born Asians and Africans, whereas at Vatican I, there were none at all. 2951: 1992: 986: 3271:

changes, but the opponents were not swayed and 11% of the Fathers voted against the schema. On the matter of Tradition in the schema on Revelation, the conservatives realized they could do no better than the compromise formula "The Church does not draw her certainty for all revealed truths from Scripture alone": as a result, many of them chose to accept the schema and there were only 27 negative votes on the day of final approval. For the schema on the Lay Apostolate, the Pope sent 12 amendments to the Commission responsible for the schema. They were basically matters of wording: the Commission accepted some, and dropped others, and the schema was adopted with only 2 negative votes.

1332:(§3, 20, 33, 38–39, 52–63). The Council Fathers met in daily sittings – known as General Congregations – to discuss the schemas and vote on them. These sittings took place in St. Peter's Basilica every morning until 12:30 Monday to Saturday (except Thursday). The average daily attendance was about 2,200. Stands with tiers of seats for all the Council Fathers had been built on both sides of the central nave of St. Peter's. During the first session, a council of presidents, of 10 cardinals, was responsible for presiding over the general assemblies, its members taking turns chairing each day's sitting (§4). During the later sessions, this task belonged to a council of 4 Moderators. 2915:("Preliminary Explanatory Note") be added to the schema, saying collegiality did not diminish the Church's traditional teaching about the primacy of the Pope. The conservatives were satisfied this note robbed collegiality of all its force, while reformers thought it would have no effect on the way collegiality would be understood after the council. But the note did have two immediate consequences: this last-minute unilateral intervention created great resentment among the reformers and damaged relations between them and the Pope, but it also convinced most of the holdouts to accept the schema. The final vote on the schema on November 19 was almost unanimous: 2,134 to 10. 1336:

written into the schema if they were requested by many bishops. Votes continued in this way until wide agreement was reached, after which there was a final vote on a document. This was followed some days later by a public session where the Pope promulgated the document as the official teaching of the council, following another, ceremonial, vote of the Council Fathers. There was an unwritten rule that, in order to be considered official Church teaching, a document had to receive an overwhelming majority of votes, somewhere in the area of 90%. This led to many compromises, as well as formulations that were broad enough to be acceptable by people on either side of an issue.

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some were state-supported, others were not – and so it was difficult to say anything that applied to all of them. Many bishops wanted the schema rewritten, but they were told there was no time for a new text. So after two days of discussion, the schema was accepted without much enthusiasm. Close to 10% of the Council Fathers voted against it, to show their displeasure with its lack of aggiornamento. It is one of the two Vatican II documents considered something of a failure (along with the decree on the Modern Means of Communication). "Even at the last minute, dissatisfaction with the text was widespread and wide-ranging".

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Vatican Council. What is needed, and what everyone imbued with a truly Christian, Catholic and apostolic spirit craves today, is that this doctrine shall be more widely known, more deeply understood, and more penetrating in its effects on men's moral lives. What is needed is that this certain and immutable doctrine, to which the faithful owe obedience, be studied afresh and reformulated in contemporary terms. For this deposit of faith, or truths which are contained in our time-honored teaching is one thing; the manner in which these truths are set forth (with their meaning preserved intact) is something else.

4432:("Among the wonderful ", 1963) addresses issues concerning the press, cinema, television, and other media of communication. Chapter 1 is concerned with the dangers presented by the media, and insists that media producers should ensure that the media offer moral content, that media consumers should avoid media whose content is not moral, and that parents should supervise their children's media consumption. Chapter 2 discusses the usefulness of the media for the Church's mission: Catholic press and cinema should be promoted, and suitable persons within the Church should be trained in the use of the media. 4955:. And the answer is known to those who recall the conciliar declaration of March 6, 1964, repeated on November 16, 1964: given the pastoral character of the Council, it avoided proclaiming in an extraordinary way dogmas endowed with the note of infallibility; but it nevertheless endowed its teachings with the authority of the supreme ordinary magisterium, and this ordinary – and obviously authentic – magisterium must be accepted docilely and sincerely by all the faithful, according to the mind of the Council regarding the nature and purposes of the individual documents. 2459: 3403:

text had already been approved a few days earlier. It is this earlier vote that best indicates the degree of support for, or opposition to, the document. Most documents were approved by overwhelming margins. In only 6 cases were the negative votes in the triple digits. In 3 of these cases (Church and Modern World, Non-Christian Religions and Religious Freedom), 10% to 12% of the Fathers rejected the document on theological grounds. In 2 other cases (Media and Christian Education), the negative votes mostly expressed disappointment in a bland text, rather than opposition.

5045:, including philosophical and theological adaptation. It also recommended that Catholic missionaries seek ways of cooperating with missionaries of other faiths and of fostering harmonious relations with them. It asserted that art from every race and country be given scope in the liturgy of the church. More generally, it made clear that the church was sympathetic to the way of life of different peoples and races and was ready to appropriate aspects of different cultural traditions. Though obvious-sounding, these provisions were portentous. Where would they lead? 2902:

insisted be made to the schema before he would agree to promulgate it. The changes had little effect on the substance of the schema, but seemed to many people to be petty. Some of them offended the Protestant observers: for instance, in the section listing the positive features of Protestantism, the passage that said Protestants "found" Christ in the Scriptures had to be changed to say they "sought" Christ in the Scriptures. Faced with this ultimatum, the Council Fathers agreed to the changes and the final vote on the schema was again a landslide: 2,054 to 64.

124: 4325:("Restoration of Unity", 1964) opens with the statement: "The restoration of unity among all Christians is one of the principal concerns of the Second Vatican Council." This was a reversal of the Church's previous position, one of hostility or, at best, indifference to the ecumenical movement, because the Church claimed the only way unity would come about was if the non-Catholics returned to the true Church. The text produced by the Secretariat for Christian Unity said many things Catholics had not heard before: 10875: 4403:

freedom of belief and practice, and Catholic states have the right to suppress them. While it may be prudent to tolerate the existence of other religions in order to avoid civil unrest, this is merely a favour extended to them, not a matter of right. This double standard became increasingly intolerable to many Catholics. Furthermore, Protestants would not believe in the sincerity of Catholics' involvement in ecumenism, if they continued to support this double standard. Pope John's last encyclical,

4288:("Extreme of education", 1965) discusses the importance of education (GE 1), of Christian education (GE 2-7), of Catholic schools (GE 8-9) and of Catholic colleges and universities (GE 10-12). Most everything in the declaration had been said many times before: the Church has the right to establish Catholic schools; parents have the right to choose the education they want for their children, governments have a duty to fund Catholic schools; and Catholics have a duty to support Catholic schools. 1512:(§18) . An important innovation was the invitation by Pope John to Orthodox and Protestant Churches to send observers to the council. Eventually 21 denominations or bodies such as the World Council of Churches were represented. The observers were entitled to sit in on all general assemblies (but not the commissions) and they mingled with the Council Fathers during the breaks and let them know their reactions to speeches or to schemas. Their presence helped to break down centuries of mistrust. 4143:("The order of priests", 1965) describes priests as "father and teacher" but also "brothers among brothers with all those who have been reborn at the baptismal font." Priests must "promote the dignity" of the laity, "willingly listen" to them, acknowledge and diligently foster "exalted charisms of the laity", and "entrust to the laity duties in the service of the Church, allowing them freedom and room for action." Also, the human and spiritual needs of priests are discussed in detail. 3275:

schema had to condemn the use of contraception; leaving the matter open as the schema did would suggest the Church was ready to change its position. The Doctrinal Commission decided to include in the schema references to previous papal rejections of contraception, but not to issue any condemnation of its own. The Pope was satisfied with this solution. Nevertheless, when time came for final approval, the opposition stayed firm: 11% of the Council Fathers still rejected the schema.

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required that there be a new debate on this amended text rather than simply proceed to a vote. The Pope was lobbied by both groups, the reformers insisting the vote should go ahead, the conservatives that it should not. He finally sided with the conservatives, and the Council Fathers were told the schema on Religious Freedom would be postponed until the Fourth Session. While many Council Fathers were furious at the time, in retrospect his decision now seems reasonable.

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This created division within the commission, as many were dead set against this, while others did not want to antagonize the Pope. After days of debate, the commission finally settled on the following: "The Church does not draw her certainty for all revealed truths from Scripture alone." This seemed to satisfy the Pope. After the Commission dealt with all the amendments submitted by the Council Fathers, the schema would return for a final vote later in the session.

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letting the doctrinal commission know that he would like some changes to the schema. The Commission accepted some changes he wanted but not others, and the pope seemed satisfied. The day before the beginning of the Third Session, the pope received a confidential memorandum from 25 cardinals and 13 superiors-general of religious orders of men, asking him to intervene and prevent the doctrine of collegiality from being accepted at the council.

461: 2187: – were given the additional task of chairing the daily General Congregations (instead of the 10-member Council of Presidents) with the title of "Moderators". Because they were members of the Coordinating Commission that supervised the other commissions and they also chaired the daily General Congregations, these four cardinals, three of whom were enthusiastic reformers, became the organizational linchpins of the council. 4360: ("In our time", 1965), the shortest of Vatican II's documents, is a brief commentary on non-Christian religions, with a special section on the Jews. Pope John wanted the council to condemn antisemitism, including any Catholic teaching that might encourage antisemitism. It was felt the way to avoid stirring up trouble in the Middle East was to include the passage on the Jews within a broader document about non-Christian religions. 3767: 15881: 14243: 12958: 10825: 5197: 634: 3182:

the priest exercised authority over laypeople, just as the bishop exercised a similar authority over priests. The newer conception, the one advocated in the schema, saw the priest as someone who serves the Church and society through his leadership; in this view, the relation between priests and those they served is closer to one of friendship ("the good shepherd") and the same is true of the relationship of bishop and priest.

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schema was traditional: stress on the primacy of the pope; episcopal authority as a concession by the pope; and of course, nothing about collegiality. This became the main argument of the reformers in favour of having the schema rewritten. Some of them were arguing for the creation of a council of bishops with a rotating membership that would always be in session in Rome to assist the pope in the governance of the Church.

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adopted a compromise position: "The whole of Catholic doctrine cannot be proved from Scripture alone." That was not enough for the conservatives. But the time for debating was over: the schema had returned to the council hall only to be voted on. There were multiple votes, ending on September 22. The schema passed easily, but 1,498 amendments were proposed. And so the schema was returned to the Doctrinal Commission.

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than those from their own country, and so did not know whom to vote for. They had been provided with a list of the bishops who had served on the preparatory commissions, as if to suggest that they elect the same people to the conciliar commissions, with the result that Curial forces would dominate the conciliar commissions as they had dominated the preparatory commissions. As the voting was about to begin, Cardinal

10885: 3957: 6025:"The deliberations in the C P C saw the emergence of the individuals and the groups that would appear in clearly drawn formation during the Council. Among those most critical of the prepared texts were Alfrink, Döpfner, Frings, Hurley, König, Léger, Liénart, Maximos IV, Montini and Suenens. Among the defenders of the texts Browne, Lefebvre, Ottaviani, Ruffini and Siri were the most vocal." (Komonchak 1995, 304). 10855: 6182: 2006:

bishops from other countries were added, for a total of 109 names. The election took place on October 16. It brought in new blood: 79 of these 109 were elected to a commission seat and 50% of the members of the very important doctrinal commission were among these 79. In addition 43% of the newly elected commission members had not been on any preparatory commission. This was a first success for renewal.

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episcopal conferences. The conservatives objected to all these proposals, especially to the downgrading of Latin. Debate dragged on for 15 days, before the vote was taken on whether the schema was acceptable in principle. To everyone's surprise, only 46 (out of 2,215) voted against. A second win for renewal. The schema was now returned to the liturgy commission to deal with many proposed amendments.

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solving them, was born during the interval between the First and Second Periods, and the project had gone through many drafts before it was ready for the Council Fathers. No previous Council had ever attempted such a project: instead of being concerned with internal Church matters, the schema addressed contemporary social problems, such as economic and social justice, and problems of war and peace.

3193:. On October 11, two days before the schema was to be discussed, Pope Paul preempted the debate by announcing he was withdrawing the issue of celibacy from the conciliar agenda. Bishops who wished to address the issue could send their comments in writing to him. It was expected the Pope would hand the issue to a special committee. But no committee was ever set up, and in 1967 Pope Paul issued 2351:

and her central role in redemption (though not the claim that she was co-redeemer). The reformers thought the schema on Mary should be a chapter of the schema on the Church. The conservatives wanted it to remain separate in order to stress her importance. The vote on 29 October was surprisingly close: the proposal to move the schema on Mary into the schema on the Church won by only 40 votes.

4449: 1892: 36: 1518:. While not provided for in the Official Regulations, a small number of lay people were invited to attend as "auditors" beginning with the Second Session. While not allowed to take part in debate, a few of them were asked to address the council about their concerns as lay people. The first auditors were all male, but beginning with the third session, a number of women were also appointed. 5975:– wherever the Eucharist is, there too is the Church. Such a view was entirely alien to pre-conciliar Roman theology which was more comfortable with the idea: 'Wherever the Pope is, there too is the Church.' Much of this was entirely consonant with Protestant sensibilities and explains why Vatican II was a milestone for Catholic, Protestants, the Orthodox, and all religions. 3030:. Enthusiasm waned when it became clear that the Synod would be a purely advisory body completely under the authority of the Pope. Those who thought the Synod of Bishops might one day exercise power over the Curia were disappointed. Some believed the sudden announcement was a preemptive move to forestall any vote by the council in favour of a more powerful episcopal body. 2729:

celibacy. While most of the speakers at the council tip-toed around the issue, there was much talk outside the council hall about the future of clerical celibacy. Some speakers mentioned the lack of priests in Latin America and the decline in vocations that was already taking place in Italy and France, and wondered what measures could be taken to reverse the trend.

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a new title, that of "Mother of the Church". This displeased many people: the title was not traditional, it was an obstacle to ecumenism, and it placed Mary above the Church rather than within it. This move capped a week of initiatives by the Pope that frayed relations between him and the Council Fathers. After a very stressful week, everyone was happy to go home.

2632:"indifferentism". If the council was to defend religious freedom, it had to do so in a way that did not imply that all religions were of equal value. The text presented to the Council did this by basing religious freedom on the person's duty to obey his/her conscience. From this, it followed that the law must not coerce a person to act against his/her conscience. 2832:

beacon of hope in a troubled world and a helpmate for all persons of good will. While the Church had a specific message to present to the world – that of the Gospel – she wanted to play a "servant" role, and was ready to "dialogue" with the modern world in a search for solutions. And she even acknowledged that the world could help the Church be true to herself.

4004:, said of the emphasis on the Bible in the council that prior to Vatican II the theology manuals continued to confuse "propositions about revelation with the content of revelation. It represented not abiding truths of faith, but rather the peculiar characteristics of post-Reformation polemic." In spite of the guarded approval of biblical scholarship under 6302: 4027:

was reversed at Vatican II." For instance, the council's document on the liturgy called for a broader use of liturgical texts, which would now be in the vernacular, along with more enlightened preaching on the Bible explaining "the love affair between God and humankind". The translation of liturgical texts into vernacular languages, the allowance of

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of some degree of renewal. The prediction of curialists that the bishops would readily approve all of the schemas and that the council would be over in a matter of weeks was quite mistaken. And as a result, the work of the preparatory commissions would have to be redone in order to better reflect the spirit of renewal the pope had been expecting.

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October) was declared a holiday from conciliar work, and everyone was able to relax. When the Fathers returned on October 25, debates were over: since all remaining schemas had been accepted in principle, the only work left for the General Congregations was to vote on the amendments as the schemas were returned by the respective Commissions.

6389: 1961: ("Mother Church Rejoices") before the Council Fathers and representatives of 86 governments or international groups. He criticized the "prophets of doom who are always forecasting disaster" for the church or world. He spoke of the advantage of separation of Church and state but also the challenge to integrate faith with public life. 1349:(§2, 44–51). These were similar to General Congregations, except that they were open to the press and television, and the Pope was present. There were 10 public sessions in the course of the council: the opening day of each of the council's four periods, 5 days when the Pope promulgated Council documents, and the final day of the council. 3098:

legitimate to even have nuclear weapons. Many thought it was legitimate to have them (as a deterrent) but not to make use of them. A few American bishops, wanting to defend their country's possession of nuclear weapons, organized a campaign urging Council Fathers to vote against the schema's position on nuclear arms, but it fizzled out.

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groups delivered oral responses in the council hall, and 12 others written responses. The Italian and Spanish bishops were favourable to the report, while most others were highly critical: they cast doubt on the theological foundation of indulgences, and suggested a complete reform of the system, some even urging outright abolition.

4227:("Apostolic Activity", 1965) declares that the apostolate of the laity is "not only to bring the message and grace of Christ to men but also to penetrate and perfect the temporal order with the spirit of the Gospel", in every field of life, together or through various groups, with respectful cooperation with the Church's hierarchy. 4215:

contemplative or active, to renew itself, as well as specific proposals for adaptation to new conditions, such as the simplification of the religious habit, the importance of education for members of all religious orders (and not just priests), and the need for poverty not just for individual members but for each order as a whole.

6191:, p. 23: "The Council had taken a giant step beyond being a mere sounding board for propaganda. It had decisively assumed the function assigned it by canon law – the exercise of supreme power over the entire Church. n this independent body of bishops, the curia found a force to reckon with and a real partner in discussion.". 3186:

the threefold ministry of Christ: he is prophet (preacher of the Word of God), priest (minister of the sacraments) and king (leader of the community). Instead of the traditional conception that his main function was celebrating mass and hearing confession, the schema stated that his primary duty was proclaiming the Gospel to all.

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on institutional defects that had crept into the Catholic church, "contrasted the hierarchical model of the church that embodied the triad of 'clericalism, legalism, and triumphalism' with one that emphasized the 'people of God', filled with the gifts of the Holy Spirit and radically equal in grace," that was extolled in

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Christ is identical with the Roman Catholic Church; bishops have no authority over the universal Church except by participation in the universal authority of the pope; talk of a priesthood of the faithful is metaphorical since only clerics are priests "properly so called". The criticism of the reformers was unrelenting.

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religious freedom "their" cause. Religious freedom was also defended by bishops who lived under communist regimes where the Church suffered persecution. In the mind of supporters, the Church's double standard was simply untenable: Catholics could no longer demand freedom for themselves while denying it to others.

1298:, to which all the schemas had to be submitted for final approval. It was a large body of 108 members from 57 countries, including two thirds of the cardinals. As a result of its work, 22 schemas were eliminated from the conciliar agenda, mainly because they could be dealt with during a planned revision of the 1355:(§5–6, 64–70). Much of the detailed work of the council was done in these commissions. Like the preparatory commissions during the preparatory period, they were 10 in number, each covering the same area of Church life as a particular curial department and chaired by the cardinal who headed that department: 5970:

Four hundred years after the Reformation, Vatican II reversed all this and decreed that the assembled people of God celebrate the liturgy; that the texts of worship may be translated into vernacular languages; that the assembled people could drink from the communion cup; that the reading of scripture

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Its proportions were massive. “It was not the biggest gathering in the sense of number of people assembled at a given moment. But it was the biggest meeting, that is, a gathering with an agenda on which the sustained participation of all parties was required and which resulted in actual decisions. It

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Instead of claiming that only the Catholic Church has the means of salvation, the decree states that non-Catholic Christians have many of the elements of the true Church and, thanks to these, they can achieve salvation. All baptized are members of Christ's body. Catholics must get rid of false images

4300:

These 5 documents deal with the Church in its relationship with the surrounding world: other religious groups – non-Catholic Christians, non-Christians – missionary outreach, religious freedom, and the media. Three of them – on ecumenism, non-Christian religions and religious freedom – were important

3929:) gave direction to several of the documents that followed it, including those on Ecumenism, on Non-Christian Religions, on Religious Freedom, and on The Church in the Modern World (see below). According to Paul VI, "the most characteristic and ultimate purpose of the teachings of the Council" is the 3825:

is both the sacrifice of Christ's body and blood and a paschal banquet (SC 47). In addition to repeating the need for active participation (SC 47), simplification of the rites (SC 50) and a greater variety of Scripture readings (SC 51), the chapter decrees that certain practices that had disappeared,

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December 8: the final day of the council had arrived. A huge crowd, estimated at 300,000 people, gathered in St. Peter's Square for an outdoor mass closing the council. The mass was broadcast worldwide by radio and television. The Pope's homily was addressed to all humanity because for the Church "no

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between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, recognizing the responsibility of both parties for the separation and promising to work for complete communion between the two Churches. This was followed by the reading of the Pope's Apostolic Letter lifting the Catholic Church's excommunication of

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On December 6, there were speeches at St. Peter's thanking everyone who had taken part in the council. Each Council Father received a gold ring to commemorate the historic event. The Pope declared a jubilee from 8 December to Pentecost 1966 (later extended to 8 December 1966) to urge all Catholics to

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In the first conception, the word "priest" expresses the cultic function performed by the ordained minister. In the second conception, the preferred term is "presbyter", the term used in the early Church, because it implies more than the sacramental role suggested by "priest". The presbyter shares in

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Most bishops said nice things about the chapter on culture. A notable speech was given by archbishop Pellegrino of Turin: he called for greater freedom of research in the Church and a less punitive attitude by Church authorities – he was thinking here especially of the Holy Office, headed by Cardinal

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On September 21, the Council Fathers began discussing the schema on the Church in the Modern World. Many changes had been made to the text first seen during the previous session, but they were mainly matters of detail. The 5 appendices of the previous version had been converted to chapters, so it was

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At the end of the third session, 11 schemas remained unfinished and during the interval between the sessions the commissions worked to give them their final form. The schemas that were having the bumpiest ride were those on Revelation, Religious freedom, Non-Christian Religions, and The Church in the

2941:

During the closing ceremony, Pope Paul delivered a long address in which he expressed satisfaction with the work of the Third Session. Halfway through the address, he began speaking of the Virgin Mary, and then spent the last half of the address on this subject. He announced he was conferring on Mary

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The Eastern Catholic Churches were those branches of Catholicism in Eastern Europe and the Middle East – the Maronites, the Melkites, the Copts, the Ukrainians – whose theological, canonical and liturgical traditions were rooted in ancient Greek Christianity. They represented a very small fraction of

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Debate ended on October 13. Before the schema was sent off to be revised according to the bishops' comments, a layman spoke to the bishops about the schema: he was Patrick Keegan, president of the World Federation of Christian Workers. This was the first time a layperson had been asked to express his

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The Church's traditional position was that Catholics were entitled to freedom everywhere, but non-Catholics were not entitled to freedom in countries with a Catholic majority. In the mid-20th century, there were still discriminatory laws against Protestants in Spain and some Latin American countries.

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Most Council Fathers hoped this would be the final Session of the council. The hope was optimistic since 6 schemas had not finished their course through the conciliar process, and 8 others had not even been examined yet. Seven of these were "practical" schemas whose goal was to update various aspects

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So the First Session ended on 8 December, having made little progress with the schemas: only 5 of the 22 had been examined and none had received final approval. But something important had happened: it had become clear, to most people's surprise, that a majority of Council participants were in favour

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This innocuous schema could be boiled down to two propositions that had been said many times before: the Church must use the media to further its mission, and people must be protected against immorality and other dangers presented by the media. There was little interest in pursuing the discussion. On

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It proposed many reforms, including active participation of the congregation, communal singing, a partial replacement of Latin by vernacular languages, communion under both kinds, concelebration, adaptation of liturgy to local cultures and a modest decentralization of liturgical authority to national

1456:(§9–10). These experts in theology, canon law and other areas were appointed by the Pope to advise the Council Fathers, and were assigned as consultors to the commissions, where they played an important part in re-writing the council documents. At the beginning of the council, there were 224 official 1446:

throughout the 4 years of the council, with the same powers as a commission. The commissions were tasked with revising the schemas as Council Fathers submitted amendments. They met in the afternoons or evenings. Procedure was more informal than in the general assemblies: there was spontaneous debate,

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All votes required a two-thirds majority. For each schema, after a preliminary discussion there was a vote whether it was considered acceptable in principle, or rejected. If acceptable, debate continued with votes on individual chapters and paragraphs. Bishops could submit amendments, which were then

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were created, to which a total of 871 bishops and experts were appointed. Each preparatory commission had the same area of responsibility as one of the main departments of the Curia and was chaired by the cardinal who headed that department. From the 9,438 proposals, a list of topics was created, and

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Most Council Fathers supported this position, but 11% of them rejected it on the day of the final vote. If this position was true, they said, then the Church's previous teaching was wrong, and this was a conclusion they could not accept. The council's position on religious freedom raised in an acute

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Theological experts from both sides should enter into dialogue, in which each side sets out clearly its understanding of the Gospel. It should be remembered there is a hierarchy of truths, that not all teachings are equally central to the faith. Christians of various traditions should pray together,

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The diocese (CD 11-35). The decree gives a job description of the bishop in his ministry as teacher, sanctifier and shepherd. It discusses his relationship to the main office-holders in the diocese, and deals with such practical matters as the need to redraw diocesan boundaries as a result of shifts

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Once it became clear that the workload of the fourth period would be less than originally expected, the Pope decided to use some of the available time to ask the national groups of bishops for their reaction to the report. November 10 and succeeding days were set aside for responses. Eleven national

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Two concepts of the role of priests could be discerned in the debate. The more traditional one was about the priest as sacramental minister with special powers, especially those of consecrating the bread and wine at mass and absolving penitents of their sins. This conception also stressed authority:

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The opposition to this schema that was originally about "the Jews" came from theological conservatives as well as the Arab bishops who feared repercussions from their governments. The Secretariat for Christian Unity decided to win over the Arab bishops, and succeeded in doing so by agreeing to a few

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These three schemas were still being opposed by a dogged group of conservatives. Because they did not have the votes to prevent final approval, their only recourse was to lobby Pope Paul to prevent their adoption in their present form. The pressure on the Pope was unrelenting, and eventually he gave

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Most speakers welcomed the schema. Few thought it was a bad idea in principle, but there were many suggestions to improve it. From the conservatives: the Church should be talking more about its supernatural mission than about human endeavours, and the schema should contain a condemnation of Marxism.

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This schema, introduced on 12 November, presented a renewed vision of the training of priests. It put forward a few innovative proposals: the program of priestly training should be determined by the bishops of each country rather than by Rome (though Rome's approval would be required), and the study

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In order to make sure chapter 3 reflected as closely as possible the wishes of the Fathers, there would be 39 separate votes on various parts of the chapter and various formulations of its provisions. The voting took place over the course of 8 sittings, from September 21 to 30. Every formulation but

2551:

The Third Session opened with a ceremony that most people in the Latin Church had never experienced before: a concelebrated mass. The Pope celebrated mass along with 24 bishops representing 19 different countries. The mass was followed by a long address by the Pope, in which the relationship between

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Some conservatives spoke out against the text, repeating the Church's traditional stand that non-Catholics were in error and should simply return to the true Church. Nevertheless, the chapters on ecumenism were surprisingly well received, and were accepted in principle by a wide margin, with only 86

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of Venice). In the course of the next few months, all of the schemas would be rewritten under the Coordinating Commission's supervision. As a result, the number of schemas was reduced from 22 to 15, and they became more renewal-friendly, some of them very much so: "By the time the Council resumed on

1131:

to conduct a vast consultation of the Catholic world concerning topics to be examined at the council. Three groups of people were consulted: the bishops of the world, the Catholic universities and faculties of theology, and the departments of the Curia. By the following summer, 2,049 individuals and

6311:, p. 48: "This decision was obviously of great fundamental importance. The Council had resolutely set itself against perpetuating a one-sided anti-Modernism and so had chosen a new and positive approach. In this sense, we may consider November 20 or November 21, 1962, as a real turning point.". 4372:

In , a Council for the first time in history acknowledges the search for the absolute by other men and by whole races and peoples, and honours the truth and holiness in other religions as the work of the one living God. Furthermore, in it the Church gives glory to God for his enduring faithfulness

3972:

A most contentious conclusion that seems to follow from the Bishops' teaching in the decree is that while "in some sense other Christian communities are institutionally defective," these communities can "in some cases be more effective as vehicles of grace." Belgian Bishop Emil de Smedt, commenting

3274:

As for the schema on the Church in the Modern World, it still avoided saying anything about contraception (because a papal commission was studying the matter). Some conservatives began lobbying the Pope to step in. On November 24, Cardinal Ottaviani received a letter from Paul VI insisting that the

3247:

There were no General Congregations during the following week (31 Oct – 7 Nov), because the Commissions were falling behind in their work of sifting through all the proposed amendments and revising the schemas before sending them back to the Council Fathers. So the eighth week of the Fourth Session

3101:

The debate on the schema ended on October 8 after 13 days of discussion. The schema now returned to its originating Committee for revision. There were 400 pages of proposed amendments to deal with, and the question was whether the commission could sift through them and return the schema to the full

3077:

The conservatives attacked the schema: the supernatural mission of the Church was being forgotten. Some Fathers wondered if it deserved to be a Constitution, or whether it shouldn't be a letter or message to the world. But, after 3 days of discussion the Fathers voted to accept it in principle, and

3069:

The schema was a remarkable document, unique in the history of councils. The Church, it said, sees itself as a partner in cooperation and dialogue with the whole of humanity. All members of the human family must work together for a more humane world. For Christians, "nothing that is genuinely human

2879:

At the beginning of the last week of the Third Session (Monday, 16 November), the schemas on the Church and on Ecumenism were ready for final approval that week, and that on Religious Freedom was almost there. But the Council Fathers were about to experience the most dramatic and disturbing week of

2831:

Certain themes could be found throughout the document, such as the dignity of the human person, the need for solidarity among people of all racial, ethnic, religious or socioeconomic groups and the obligation of all people to work for a world of greater justice. The schema presented the Church as a

2643:

Support for religious freedom was strongest among the bishops from countries where it was the normal state of affairs, such as the English-speaking world and most Western European countries. The American bishops, who had not played a particularly important role at the council up to this point, made

2350:

This schema produced by the preparatory theological commission was in line with traditional Catholic doctrine: it reasserted the importance of Marian devotion (against those who thought Marian piety was excessive), her perpetual virginity (against those who questioned this), her universal mediation

2278:

The debate on Chapter 2 lasted from October 4 to 15, as the same arguments were stated over and over again. Seeing that the debate was getting bogged down, the moderators met with the Pope to discuss the way forward. It was suggested to extract from the text a series of propositions and to have the

2270:

Conservatives argued that this diminished the Pope's authority, and therefore went against Vatican I's definition of the Pope's primacy. The schema said the Church was founded on Peter and the apostles, but the conservatives responded that it was founded on Peter alone, and therefore collegiality –

2079:

On December 1, discussion began on the schema everyone was waiting for, that on the Church. There was only one week left before the scheduled end of the First Session. The schema embodied the legalistic view of the Church to be found in current theology manuals. Some important claims: the Church of

2005:

For the next few days, Council Fathers met in national groups and drew up lists of candidates. The bishops from the 5 European countries (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria) that spearheaded the renewal movement decided to create a single list, to which a number of renewal-minded

1460:

but their number would eventually rise to 480. They could attend the debates in the General Congregations, but could not speak. The theologians who had been silenced during the 1940s and 1950s, such as Yves Congar and Henri de Lubac, and some theologians who were under suspicion in Roman circles at

5018:

sometimes soared far beyond the actual, hard-won documents and decisions of Vatican II. ...It was as though the world (or at least the history of the Church) were now to be divided into only two periods, pre-Vatican II and post-Vatican II. Everything "pre" was then pretty much dismissed, so far as

4507:

Its breadth was international. It was the first ecumenical council to be truly “ecumenical” (“world-wide”) since it was the first to be attended by bishops originating from all parts of the world, including some 250 native Asian and African bishops. (At Vatican I a century earlier, Asia and Africa

4344:

The last chapter addresses the situation of the Eastern Orthodox and of Protestants. The Orthodox are very close to the Catholic Church: they have valid sacraments and a valid priesthood, and though their customs and liturgical practices are different, this is not an obstacle to unity. Protestants

4291:

Many observers found the declaration disappointing: "Even at the last minute, dissatisfaction with the text was widespread and wide-ranging". It was called "probably the most inferior document produced by the Council". But as it was late in the 4th session when everyone was under pressure to bring

4026:

himself and the Fathers, to the biblical theology which governs the first two chapters of the Constitution on the Church." "The documents of the Second Vatican Council are shot through with the language of the Bible. ...The church's historical journey away from its earlier focus upon these sources

3402:

For each document, approval of the final text was followed a few days later by the pope's promulgation of the document as the Church's official teaching. On the day of promulgation, there was a second vote of approval by the Council Fathers: it was "basically ceremonial" since the document's final

3210:

By Saturday October 16, the end of the session's fifth week, 5 schemas had received final approval, and the remaining ones had all been accepted in principle. Things were moving along faster than expected. And the Fathers were suffering from Council fatigue. So the sixth week of the session (17–24

3138:

On October 8, the Council Fathers began discussing the schema on the missions, completely rewritten since the last session. It stressed the importance, in a post-colonial age, of accommodation to local cultures. The basic question was: How to be Catholic without being Western? Some African bishops

3097:

The last chapter was about war and peace. The main issue was whether the availability of nuclear weapons made obsolete the traditional distinction between just and unjust wars. Many speakers thought so: no war that made use of nuclear weapons could be a just war. A related issue was whether it was

2892:

The schema on Religious Freedom that the bishops were to vote on had been considerably amended since the earlier debate at the beginning of the current session. The opponents now raised a procedural point: the text was substantially different from the one discussed earlier, and Council Regulations

2839:

The most interesting result of the discussion was the division it created among the reform-minded bishops and theologians. The French loved the document, which reflected typical concerns of recent French theology, while the Germans thought it was too optimistic and discounted the sinfulness of the

2777:

Introduced on November 17, four days before the end of the Session, this schema mainly reiterated what the Church had been saying about Catholic education. Coming as it did during the last week of the Third Session, it found itself embroiled in the turbulent events of that week (see below). So the

2711:

The theology of the laity had been set out in chapter 4 of the document on the Church. Now, this 5-chapter schema on the Lay Apostolate was meant as the practical application of this theology. Introduced on October 6, it stated that lay people had their own task of changing the world in accordance

2606:

The revised schema on bishops was very different from the conservative text discussed at the previous Session. It now began with an affirmation of collegiality, and it proposed, in very general terms, that collegiality be implemented by creating a body of bishops that would meet regularly with the

2501:

In early January (4–6 January 1964) Pope Paul went on a three-day pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where he met Athenagoras, patriarch of Constantinople and spiritual head of the Eastern Orthodox churches. It was the first meeting between a pope and a patriarch of Constantinople in 600 years. It broke

2404:

Many Fathers found the schema on the modern means of communication lackluster and innocuous. Some decided to vote against it for that reason, but many others just wanted to get it out of the way in order to focus on more important matters. So, it received final approval on November 25 by a vote of

2359:

This was a relatively short document that dealt with practical matters: the relationship of diocesan bishops to the Curia, to their priests and to religious orders; the role of auxiliary bishops; the division or amalgamation of dioceses; national bishops' conferences. The theology underpinning the

2190:

Before the beginning of the Second Period of the council, Pope Paul created a new category of Council participants: lay auditors, who sat in on General Congregations, though without the right to speak or vote. He also allowed more information about daily General Congregations to be provided to the

1093:

On the other side were those theologians and bishops who had been working towards a new way of doing things, some of whom had been silenced and humiliated by the Curia in the 1940s and 1950s. For them, the council came as a "divine surprise", the opportunity to convince the bishops of the world to

843:

gave a renewed impetus to Catholic Bible studies and encouraged the production of new Bible translations from the original languages. This led to a pastoral attempt to get ordinary Catholics to re-discover the Bible, to read it, to make it a source of their spiritual life. This found a response in

4942:

Since Vatican II issued no dogmatic definitions or anathemas, in accordance with the wishes of Pope John XXIII expressed particularly in his opening address to the Council, it would be easy to conclude that, apart from where it repeats teaching that was already infallible before the Council, the

4553:

a good opportunity to help people understand that the texts bequeathed by the Council Fathers, in the words of John Paul II, "have lost nothing of their value or brilliance". They need to be read correctly, to be widely known and taken to heart as important and normative texts of the Magisterium,

4328:

Instead of showing hostility or indifference to the ecumenical movement, a movement which originated among Protestant and Orthodox Christians, the decree states it was fostered by the Holy Spirit. Instead of repeating the previous prohibition on Catholics taking part in ecumenical activities, the

3389:

Mass was followed by a series of messages (in French) addressed to various categories of people, including heads of government, women, workers, young people, and the poor and sick. The Secretary General of the council then read the Apostolic Letter declaring the council concluded, and instructing

3167:

textual changes during the interval between the 3rd and 4th sessions. There was also a diplomatic offensive to convince the predominantly Muslim governments in the Middle East that the schema was not just about "the Jews" since there was also a section that had positive things to say about Islam.

3157:

For two days (October 13–14), the Council Fathers discussed the schema on Christian Education. It said little that was new. Like many other documents issued by Church authorities, it insisted on the importance of Catholic schools. The situation of Catholic schools varied from country to country –

3056:

As the conservatives realized they could not win in the council hall, they went to the Pope. Two days later, Cardinal Ottaviani, head of the Doctrinal Commission, received a letter from Pope Paul indicating that he wanted the schema to be more specific about Tradition as a "source of revelation".

3052:

The schema on Revelation returned to the council hall, changed slightly from the previous Session, when it had been approved in principle. It still did not say what the conservatives wanted: a clear statement that Tradition contained revealed truths not found in Scripture. Instead, the schema had

2715:

All of this was relatively uncontroversial. There was one divisive issue. The traditional view was that, in performing their mission in the world, the laity always had to be under the direction of the clergy. The "modern" view was that this should not always be the case. Some speakers thought the

2681:

Where the original version said there were two separate sources of Revelation – Scripture and Tradition – and that some revealed truths were contained in Tradition alone, the current version took a more nuanced position. It rejected the idea that there were two separate "sources" of Revelation or

2655:

Pope John had wanted the Church to take a stand against all forms of antisemitism. A first statement "On the Jews" had been prepared for the first session, then dropped for political reasons: Arab Christians claimed their governments would interpret it as tilting towards Israel in the Arab-Jewish

2299:

Again, lop-sided majorities in favour of renewal, though almost 20% of the Council Fathers voted against proposition 4, and almost 25% against proposition 5. Though collegiality was an idea most of the bishops had never heard of before, they had experienced collegiality at the council itself, and

2150:

September 29 had accomplished a wonder. It had reduced the number of schema to a manageable size. It had extracted revised texts from almost every commission. In a little more than eight months it had made Vatican II a viable assembly and imparted to it the essential shape by which we know it."

2088:

wrote detailed criticisms that were circulated among the Council Fathers. Given the renewal tendency manifested in the votes on earlier schemas, the schema on the Church was quite possibly headed for defeat. The day before the scheduled vote on acceptance in principle, Pope John intervened to say

1979:

The first working session of the council was on 13 October 1962. That day's agenda included the election of members of the 10 conciliar commissions. Each was to have 16 members elected by the Council Fathers and 8 – later 9 – members appointed by the Pope. Most bishops knew very few bishops other

4511:

The scope and variety of issues it addressed was unprecedented: The topics discussed ranged from the most fundamental theological issues (such as the nature of the Church or the nature of Revelation) to eminently practical ones (such as nuns' habits and music in the liturgy), including topics no

4332:

Instead of claiming that disunity is the fault of non-Catholic Christians, the decree states that the Catholic Church must accept its share of the blame and ask for forgiveness. Instead of claiming that the Catholic Church is in no need of reform, the decree states that all Christians, including

4199:), to which it adds guidelines for renewal. The two basic principles that should guide this renewal are: "the constant return to the original spirit of the institutes and their adaptation to the changed conditions of our time" (PC 2). The decree deals mainly with religious orders, also known as 3270:

Last-minute moves were sometimes successful in winning over opponents, sometimes not. On religious freedom, the Pope urged the Secretariat for Christian unity to take into account the wishes of the schema's opponents in the hope the final vote might be almost unanimous. The Secretariat made some

3043:

Though a procedural maneuver at the end of the last session had succeeded in prolonging debate on the schema, nothing new was being said. The same arguments were being advanced for and against by the same people as before. After three days of repetitive debate, the vote on whether the schema was

2901:

As the earlier votes on each of its chapters had shown, the schema on Ecumenism had overwhelming support. But some conservatives had convinced the Pope that some of the wording was dangerous. On November 19, two days before the end of the session, Pope Paul sent the Council Fathers 19 changes he

2786:

On October 20, the last of the great doctrinal schemas was presented to the Council Fathers. It had had a lengthy genesis and had not been ready before this late date. The idea for a "social" schema, one that discussed the problems of the modern world and the Church's willingness to take part in

2686:

and others in Tradition. There is only one source, which is God revealing himself. Instead of insisting on the "separateness" of Scripture and Tradition, it insisted on their close connection, without indicating exactly how they were connected. But most importantly, it said nothing about whether

2677:

After being rejected in the First Session, the schema on Revelation had not made a return appearance since that remarkable day almost 2 years earlier. A second version had been produced in 1963 but it was considered too bland, and a third version was not ready in time to be introduced during the

2623:

The text on religious freedom proclaimed the right of everyone to freedom of religion. That is, freedom from coercion by the state in matters of religious belief and practice. It was well known that there was strong opposition to this declaration, perhaps even greater than to collegiality. Quite

2537:

at the end of the second session that women were absent from the council, pope Paul appointed 15 women to be lay auditors during the third Session. Eventually 23 women, including 10 religious, would sit in on debates as official auditors. While 3 of the male auditors would eventually be asked to

4402:

Traditional Catholic teaching rejected freedom of religion as a basic human right. The argument: only Catholics have the truth and so they alone are entitled to freedom of belief and of practice. All other religions are in error and, since "error has no rights", other religions have no right to

4367:

As for the Jews, the declaration says they are very dear to God: "God does not take back the gifts he bestowed or the choice he made" (NA 4). Jews are not rejected or cursed by God because of the death of Jesus: neither all Jews then, nor any Jew today, can be blamed for the death of Jesus. The

3093:

The next chapter, on social and economic matters, discussed issues that had been treated by the papal encyclicals that formed what is known as the Social Doctrine of the Church. Some Council Fathers questioned the need for such a chapter, since the papal encyclicals already said everything that

2741:

The schema that was presented to the council on October 15 sought to defend their particular traditions against the inevitable tendency to "Latinize" them. Some thought the schema was still "too Western" but on the whole it was well received by the Council Fathers, and only a few revisions were

2690:

The new text said that Tradition was found not only in the Church's teaching, but in its liturgy and in people's spiritual experiences. The conservatives thought this too subjective. The schema said that Tradition "progresses". The conservatives would have none of this. The schema did not state

2593:

The chapter on the People of God had been moved from third to second place, so that the unifying factor (of being the People of God) came before the distinction between clergy (chapter 3) and laity (chapter 4). From the previous chapter on the universal call to holiness, 2 new chapters had been

2510:

The revision of the schemas continued. By mid-summer, all of the remaining schemas were sent to the Council Fathers in the expectation that the next Session would be the last. The revision of the schema on the Church had been particularly difficult. In mid-summer pope Paul surprised everyone by

2266:

The question of the relation of bishops to the Pope would be the great bone of contention of the Second Session. The traditional view was that bishops derived their authority to govern from the Pope and their authority was limited to their diocese except during an ecumenical Council. The schema

2070:

This schema, drafted by the preparatory commission on the Eastern Churches, was one of three texts that had been prepared on ecumenism. Conservatives thought the schema downplayed the differences between Catholics and Orthodox, while reformers complained it conceived of unity as a return of the

1542:

In the very first weeks of the council proceedings, it became clear to the participants that there were two "tendencies" among the Council Fathers, those who were supporters of aggiornamento and renewal, and those who were not. The two tendencies had already appeared in the deliberations of the

1059:

Two less solemn statements are attributed to John XXIII about the purpose of the council. One is about opening the windows of the Church to let in some fresh air; the other about shaking off the imperial dust accumulated on the throne of St. Peter. They have been repeated over and over, usually

4415:

broke with the traditional position and asserted that every human being was entitled to religious freedom. The argument: belief cannot be coerced. Since the Church wants people's religious belief to be genuine, people must be left free to see the truth of what is preached. The declaration also

3014:

He then made 2 surprising announcements. He planned on creating a body of bishops that would meet occasionally with him in an exercise of collegial responsibility for the whole Church, which was met with great applause. Secondly, he would go to New York to speak at the United Nations about the

2979:

for the Implementation of the Constitution on the Liturgy had published the first changes to the celebration of mass, changes to come into effect on 7 March 1965. On that day, Catholics around the world experienced for the first time mass celebrated partly in their own language and "facing the

2857:

Birth control was the burning issue of the day. In 1963 Pope John had set up a papal commission to study the issue. There was a general understanding that the council should avoid discussing the issue and wait until the papal commission had reported. But that was easier said than done. Various

2728:

Introduced on 13 October, the schema sought to give a renewed vision of the task of priests, for example, by insisting that priests should act towards laypeople "not only as pastors and teachers but also as brothers dealing with brothers". The schema also insisted on the importance of clerical

2413:

The revised schema on ecumenism from the Secretariat for Christian Unity came before the council on November 18. It was a hybrid document of 5 chapters, 3 of them on ecumenism, one on non-Christian religions ("especially the Jews") and one on religious liberty. All 3 topics were controversial.

1965:

What is needed at the present time is a new enthusiasm, a new joy and serenity of mind in the unreserved acceptance by all of the entire Christian faith, without forfeiting that accuracy and precision in its presentation which characterized the proceedings of the Council of Trent and the First

4981:

Although not an assent of faith, a religious submission of the intellect and will must be given to a Doctrine which the Supreme Pontiff or the College of Bishops declares concerning faith or morals when they exercise the authentic Magisterium, even if they do not intend to proclaim it by

3110:

Part way through the debate on the Church in the Modern World, the Council Fathers' attention turned towards North America, for on October 4, Pope Paul travelled to New York City to deliver an address to the United Nations. It was the first time a Pope visited the Western Hemisphere. The trip

2659:

The objective was to reject any theological basis for antisemitism, in particular the centuries-old claim that the Jews were cursed by God because they had refused to accept the Gospel and had killed Christ. Many bishops supported the declaration. As with religious freedom, the Americans were

2400:

The council then brought to a close the discussion of the two schemas approved in principle during the First Period. For the schema on liturgy, matters proceeded quickly and on November 22, the document that would set in motion the most important liturgical reform in the history of the Church

2052:

This schema from the preparatory theological commission took the conservative position on all questions currently being discussed by theologians. Reformers were particularly opposed to two claims: that there were revealed truths in Tradition that were not contained in Scripture and that every

4214:

The decree restates well-known views on the religious life, such as the consecrated life as a life of following Christ, the importance of the three vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, and the importance of charity in the life of an order. To these it adds a call for every order, whether

3390:

that "everything the Council decreed be religiously and devoutly observed by all the faithful". The Pope gave his blessing to all present and dismissed them: "In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, go in peace". To which all responded with enthusiasm (and probably relief): "Thanks be to God!"

2712:

with the Gospel, and that this mission was based on their baptism and their participation in the royal priesthood of Christ. They carried out this mission either individually – by bearing witness to the Gospel in their personal lives – or by taking part in Church organizations and movements.

976:

were facing challenges driven by political, social, economic, and technological change. Some of these bishops were seeking new ways of addressing those challenges. So, when Pope John announced that he would convene a General Council of the Church, many wondered if he wanted to break down the

4168:

Spiritual formation aims to produce a mature minister, and to this end may call on the resources of psychology. There are many proposals for improving intellectual formation: the use of modern teaching methods; a better integration of philosophy and theology; the centrality of Scripture in

2668:

The normal course of events was suddenly interrupted a week and a half later (19 October). Pope Paul, obviously under pressure from conservatives, let it be known that he wanted the texts on Religious Freedom and on Non-Christian Religions rewritten by a joint commission that would include

2256:

The most important issue in this chapter concerned the relation of the Mystical body of Christ to the Catholic Church and to other Christian denominations. Instead of speaking of membership in the Church, the schema spoke of being "in communion with" the Church: this allowed it to say that

3886:

The invitation for more active, conscious participation of the laity through Mass in the vernacular did not stop with the constitution on the liturgy. It was taken up by the later documents of the council that called for a more active participation of the laity in the life of the Church.

3398:

Vatican II's teaching is contained in sixteen documents: 4 constitutions, 9 decrees and 3 declarations. While the constitutions are clearly the documents of highest importance, "the distinction between decrees and declarations, no matter what it originally meant, has become meaningless".

3302:, but the topic never made it onto the conciliar agenda. A month after his being elected pope in the summer of 1963, Paul VI set up a commission to study the issue. The commission produced a report suggesting a mild modernization of the practice of indulgences, but no important changes. 2631:

The Church's basic premise before Vatican II was that Catholicism was the only true religion and, since "error has no rights", no other religion was entitled to religious freedom. If all religions were treated equally, that would imply they were all of equal value, a position labelled

4518:

Information could be transmitted almost immediately. It was the first general council in the era of mass-circulation newspapers, radio and television. As a result, information (and reactions) could be reported immediately, something beyond the realm of possibility at other ecumenical

2594:

extracted: one on the laity with its own theology (chapter 4) and one on the religious life as one way of responding to the call to holiness (chapter 6). A chapter on the Church in heaven had been added, and the former schema on the Virgin Mary had been adapted to become chapter 8.

4363:

Avoiding argument or criticism, the declaration points out some positive features of Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam. "The Catholic Church rejects nothing of what is holy and true in these religions"; they often "reflect a ray of that truth which enlightens all men and women" (NA 2).

6299:, p. 64: "The liberals had won the election encounter; they had won the debate on liturgy; and now they had won the debate on revelation. They became increasingly conscious of the strength of their numbers. And the conservatives became gradually less sure of their position.". 897:, an encyclical "concerning some false opinions threatening to undermine the foundations of Catholic doctrine". Without citing specific individuals, he criticized those who advocated new schools of theology. It was generally understood that the encyclical was directly against the 2229:

It was practically a new schema compared to the one discussed in the First Period. It now contained much more Biblical imagery than legal language (believers were now called the "People of God" rather than the "subjects of the Church"), and there were 4 chapters instead of 11:

2455:). At the end of his closing speech, he stunned the Council Fathers by announcing that he would undertake a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, the first time in five centuries a Pope had left Italy (except for the time when Napoleon carried off the pope to France as his prisoner). 2341:

Unlike the previous version that focused on the call to holiness of members of religious orders, this new version began with the idea that all Christians were called to holiness and it is only after this that the religious life was described as one way of achieving holiness.

2274:

Another topic of controversy in the chapter was the proposal that the diaconate be restored as a permanent ordained ministry, and especially the suggestion that it might be open to married men. The prospect of ordained ministers who were married shocked some conservatives.

3066:

now a schema of two parts, a more theoretical one of 4 chapters about the vocation of man and the Church's role of service for the well-being of mankind, and a more practical one of 5 chapters discussing topics such as marriage, culture, social justice, and war and peace.

4435:"The text generally considered to be one of the weakest of the Council." Rather than improve it, most Council Fathers preferred approving it as is and moving on to more important matters. Some 25% of the Council Fathers voted against it to express their disappointment. 4164:

in Rome, the bishops of each country may devise a program that is adapted to the needs of their particular country (though it still needs Rome's approval). Another is that training for the priesthood has to integrate 3 dimensions: spiritual, intellectual and pastoral.

2687:

Tradition contained revealed truths that were not in the Bible. The conservatives strongly insisted on such a statement. The reformers, on the other hand, thought the issue was not ready to be settled: they wanted to leave it open to further discussion by theologians.

2910:

The most important intervention by Pope Paul concerned chapter 3 of the schema on the Church, the chapter dealing with collegiality. Opponents of the schema argued that it diminished the Pope's powers, and Pope Paul came to be convinced of this. So he insisted that a

1339:

All General Congregations were closed to the public. Council Fathers were under an obligation not to reveal anything that went on in the daily sittings (§26). Secrecy soon broke down, and much information about the daily General Congregations was leaked to the press.

2750:

Presented on 6 November, the schema sought to give a renewed vision of the Church's missionary activity, by arguing for less control by Rome and greater adaptation to local cultures. It was judged to be too cursory and was sent back to its commission to be expanded.

3015:

Church's interest in fostering "concord, justice, fraternal love, and peace among all human beings". More applause. The two announcements buoyed the spirits of the Council Fathers at the beginning of what promised to be a long and possibly difficult Fourth Session.

2178:

Before the end of the summer, Paul VI decided to reorganize some of the structures of the council. The Coordinating Commission, originally intended to be temporary, was enlarged and made a permanent feature with oversight over the conciliar commissions. Four of its

2635:

The criticism from the conservatives about a declaration of religious freedom was unrelenting: "this represented a reversal of the Church's previous teaching... it fostered indifferentism... it was Modernism... it would cause the ruin of the Catholic Church," said

3876:) is to be adapted to modern conditions by reducing its length for those in active ministry (SC 97), that the calendar is to be revised to give Sunday and the mysteries of Christ priority over saints' days (SC 108), and that, while traditional music forms such as 1282:

The total number of schemas was 70. As most of these preparatory bodies were predominantly conservative, the schemas they produced showed only modest signs of updating. The schemas drafted by the preparatory commission for theology, dominated by officials of the

3073:

Among the problems facing the schema was the fact that the Germans thought it was too optimistic. The French and German bishops met to try to come to an understanding. Eventually, many German bishops would accept the schema grudgingly as better than nothing.

2769:

of Scripture should be the basis for seminary studies. Some conservatives complained that the schema did not insist on the centrality of the theology of Thomas Aquinas in the curriculum. But the bishops' reception of the document was overwhelmingly positive.

1970:

The Church "meets today's needs by explaining the validity of her doctrine more fully rather than by condemning," by reformulating ancient doctrine for pastoral effectiveness. Also, the Church is "moved by mercy and goodness towards her separated children."

1042:

For the Catholic Church, he expected a renewal which he described variously as a "new Pentecost", a "new Springtime", a new "blossoming", "a rejuvenation with greater vigour of the Body of Christ that is the Church". This would be achieved by the "updating"

3865:) and not just of those who are on the point of death (SC 73-5); funerals are to focus on the hope of the resurrection and not on mourning (SC 81), and local cultural practices may be included in the celebration of some sacraments such as weddings (SC 63). 3266:

weeks of practically non-stop voting on the 6 remaining schemas: for each one, there were multiple votes on amendments, then on chapters and finally on the whole schema. In the course of those weeks, the six remaining schemas received their final approval.

5640:" also told us that he had yesterday met the new French ambassador to , who had just been received by the Pope. John XXIII said to the ambassador: 'I want to shake off the imperial dust that has accumulated on the throne of St. Peter since the time of 4794:

who sent observers to the Second Vatican Council, it was an ecumenical "milestone for Catholics, Protestants, the Orthodox". These changes, while praised by many faithful Catholics, remain divisive among those identifying as traditionalist Catholics.

880:. Some theologians also began to discuss new topics, such as the historical dimension of theology, the theology of work, ecumenism, the theology of the laity and the theology of "earthly realities". All these writings in a new style came to be called " 4554:

within the Church's Tradition. ...I feel more than ever in duty bound to point to the Council as the great grace bestowed on the Church in the twentieth century: there we find a sure compass by which to take our bearings in the century now beginning.

3798:

The Paschal mystery of Christ's death and resurrection is made present to us through the liturgy, which is a communal celebration and not just the action of the priest (SC 7). Each person present participates in it according to his/her role (SC 28,

2598:

one was accepted with large majorities, including those on collegiality, on the restoration of the diaconate and on admitting married men to the diaconate. The only one voted down was to allow unmarried permanent deacons to marry after ordination.

823:

The council had a significant impact on the Church due to the scope and variety of issues it addressed. Some of the most notable changes were in performance of the Mass, including that vernacular languages could be authorized as well as the Latin.

4345:

comprise many denominations and their closeness to the Catholic Church varies according to the denomination; however all of them share with Catholics the belief in Jesus as saviour, the Bible, baptism, worship and the effort to lead a moral life.

2660:

strongly in favour. But some conservatives were unwilling to deviate from the traditional line of thinking. The discussion lasted two days, and on September 30, the chapter was returned to the Secretariat for Christian Unity for further revision.

4264:, and with the same rights as the Latin Church, including the right to govern themselves according to their traditional organizational practices. The decree affirms certain practices typical of the Eastern Churches, such as the administration of 3310:

insisted there was no evidence of indulgences during the first millennium. The presentations were cut short after 2 days. Two years later, Pope Paul would decree a modest reform of the system of indulgences, while insisting on their importance.

1023:, who gave enthusiastic support to the idea. Although the pope later said the idea came to him in a flash in his conversation with Tardini, two cardinals had earlier attempted to interest him in the idea. They were two of the most conservative, 2759:

The schema called for religious orders to adapt to modern conditions while remaining faithful to their original purpose and spirit. After 2 days of discussion (November 10–12) it too was judged to be too brief and was sent back to be expanded.

3001:

The last period of the council opened on September 14, 1965. There were still 11 schemas making their way through the conciliar process. Given the number of schemas, the session was planned to be 12 weeks long, 2 weeks longer than the others.

3010:

Pope Paul gave a long opening address, extolling the council as a great event in the life of the Church and expressing great support for the Church's concern for the fate of the world (echoes of the schema on the Church in the Modern World).

4950:

There are those who ask what is the authority, the theological qualification, that the Council wished to attribute to its teachings, knowing that it avoided giving solemn dogmatic definitions engaging the infallibility of the ecclesiastical

2062:

November 27, the council decided the schema should contain only essential principles, leaving detailed practical matters to be dealt with after the council. The schema was accepted in principle and returned to its commission to be abridged.

2702:

After 3 weeks of dealing with the schemas already moving through the conciliar process, the Council Fathers then turned to examining the schemas they had not yet seen. They were introduced in rapid succession at a rate of about one a week.

3070:

fails to find an echo in their hearts." The text went so far as to say that the Church could learn from the secular world. It was a far cry from the condemnations of the errors of the world that were so typical of Church pronouncements.

3999:

that "arguably it is the most seminal of all the conciliar documents," with the fruits of a return to the Bible as the foundation of Christian life and teaching, evident in the other council documents. Joseph Ratzinger, who would become

3085:

The chapter about marriage and the family still did not say that procreation was the primary end of marriage. Many bishops were shocked when a Melkite archbishop said the Church should find a way to allow an abandoned spouse to remarry.

3081:

The theoretical part of the schema was generally well received. Some bishops wanted an explicit condemnation of communism; as a compromise, the schema referred to previous papal condemnations but did not issue a condemnation of its own.

3933:. John Paul II calls this "an intrinsic and essential aspect of teaching on the Church", where "all the faithful of Christ of whatever rank or status, are called to the fullness of the Christian life and to the perfection of charity" ( 4169:

theological studies; knowledge of other religions. Pastoral formation should be present throughout the course of studies and should include practical experience of ministry. Finally, there should be ongoing formation after ordination.

4333:

Catholics, must examine their own faithfulness to Christ's will, and undertake whatever internal reforms are called for. Ecumenism requires a new attitude, a "change of heart" (UR 7), an interior conversion, on the part of Catholics.

1155:

Some commissions prepared a separate schema for each topic they were asked to treat, others a single schema encompassing all the topics they were handed. These were the preparatory commissions and the number of schemas they prepared:

4061:". It reflects the understanding that Baptism confers on all the task that Jesus entrusted to the Church, to be on mission to the world in ways that the present age can understand, in cooperation with the ongoing work of the Spirit. 5023:

mattered. For the most extreme, to be a Catholic now meant to believe more or less anything one wished to believe, or at least in the sense in which one personally interpreted it. One could be a Catholic "in spirit". One could take

2847:– the text treated the two traditional ends of marriage (procreation of children and mutual love of the spouses) as if they were of equal importance, while the long-standing position had been that procreation was the "primary" end; 2738:

the total population of the Catholic Church and in the past often had Latin traditions imposed on them. In these Churches decision-making was usually collegial, and the most important of these Churches were headed by a Patriarch.

2267:

proposed that bishops' authority derived from their ordination, and that all the bishops formed a "College" that, together with the Pope, had authority over the whole Church at all times, but especially during a General Council.

3339:, and procedures were set in place ensuring that theologians accused of deviating from Church teachings would have a hearing before any action was taken against them (a procedural safeguard that did not exist up to that point). 4991:

By "the spirit of Vatican II" is often meant promoting teachings and intentions attributed to the Second Vatican Council in ways not limited to literal readings of its documents, spoken of as the "letter" of the council (cf.

4399: ("Of the Dignity of the Human Person", 1965), "on the right of the person and of communities to social and civil freedom in matters religious", is the most striking instance of the council's staking out a new position. 2279:

Council Fathers vote on them so as to ascertain the "mind of the Council". The Pope first accepted, then backed down when lobbied by conservatives, then agreed once again. The vote on 5 propositions took place on October 30:

2790:

The schema included 4 short chapters of a more theoretical nature giving the theological basis for the Church's – and the individual Christian's – involvement in social matters, and 5 appendices addressing practical issues:

4851:

It has been suggested that the pontificate of Francis will be looked upon as the "decisive moment in the history of the church in which the full force of the Second Vatican Council's reformist vision was finally realized."

2379:

angrily responded, defending the Curia and the department he headed. This passionate exchange was the most dramatic moment of the Second Session. Cardinal Frings' speech had been written in part by his personal theologian,

3949:" he would discuss the entire People of God which evangelizes, missionary outreach, the inclusion of the poor in society, and peace and dialogue within society. Francis has also followed the call of the council for a more 5610:"We must act to overcome outdated conceptions, prejudices and discourteous expressions so as to create a climate favourable to return." "Focus on what unites rather than what separates." Quoted by Laurentin 1962, p. 170 1984:, the senior French bishop, rose and proposed that the election be delayed for a few days to allow each national group of bishops to meet and draw up a list of its own members who might be suitable candidates. Cardinal 2391:

Other topics that were touched on during the discussion were the status of national episcopal conferences, and the need for bishops to retire at a certain age. No one raised the question of how bishops were appointed.

2257:

non-Catholic Christians were in "imperfect communion" with the Church of Christ. Many elements of sanctification are available outside the Church, and the Holy Spirit works for the sanctification of all the baptized.

5028:

to mean the 'culture' in which one was born, rather than to mean a creed making objective and rigorous demands. One could imagine Rome as a distant and irrelevant anachronism, embarrassment, even adversary. Rome as

4891:

Some Traditionalist Catholics claim that several council statements conflict with established teaching regarding faith, morals and doctrine, and are therefore in error. As a result, they say, Vatican II is invalid.

2435:

dissenting voices. Discussion of the 3 chapters on ecumenism took up all the time remaining before the end of the second session, and there was no time left to discuss non-Christian religions or religious freedom.

4313: ("To the Nations", 1965) treats evangelization as the fundamental mission of the Catholic Church, "to bring good news to the poor." It includes sections on training missionaries and on forming communities. 4159:

remain the main place for priestly training, there are interesting proposals for adaptation to new conditions. The first is that instead of having the program of formation set for the whole Catholic world by the

2161:

died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, and the council was suspended in accordance with Canon Law until the next pope decided whether or not it would continue. Two weeks later, 82 cardinals met in Rome for the

3121:

He proclaimed the importance of human rights and the dignity of all persons, and specifically mentioned religious freedom (a message to those back in Rome who were obstructing the schema on religious freedom)

2095:. So he was appointing a special commission to supervise the rewriting of all the schemas in order to reduce the amount of material and to better reflect the vision he had outlined in his opening address. 2967:). By visiting a non-Christian third-world country, he wanted to show the Church's openness to non-Christian religions and to the problems of the modern world, two topics being discussed at the council. 712:). In order to better connect with people in an increasingly secularized world, some of the Church's practices needed to be improved and presented in a more understandable and relevant way. Support for 9206: 4420:

way the issue of the development of doctrine: how can later teachings develop out of earlier ones? And how to tell whether a new position is a legitimate development of previous teaching or is heresy?

5007:

of Hong Kong used this expression with regard merely to an openness to dialogue with others, saying: "We are guided by the spirit of Vatican II: only dialogue and negotiation can solve conflicts."

2214:

The Church must work towards unity among all Christians. Saying this, he turned to the non-Catholic observers and apologized for any injury the Catholic Church might have caused other Christians.

1104:

So, soon after the Pope's announcement, the stage was set for a confrontation between two programs: continuing the resistance to the modern world or taking seriously the Pope's call for renewal.

5501: 4549:

In declaring the period from October 2012 to the end of November 2013 to be a "Year of Faith" to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of Vatican II, pope Benedict XVI wanted it to be

5757:"Appropinquante concilio, Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio Datae normae statuuntur Concilii Oecumenici Vaticani Secundi celebrandi, d. 6 m. Augusti a. 1962, Ioannes PP. XXIII | Ioannes XXIII" 2993:

observed that, "We were stalled by the delaying tactics of a very small minority" in the Curia who were more industrious in communicating with the pope than was the more progressive majority.

2332:

The conservatives said the chapter minimized the difference between laity and clergy, and embraced the Protestant idea of the priesthood of all baptized, when in fact it was only a metaphor.

2204:

In his hour-long Opening Address, Pope Paul reiterated the importance of the council, of Pope John's vision, of aggiornamento, and outlined what he considered to be the council's four tasks:

2117:

At the end of the First Session, Pope John created a Coordinating Commission to supervise the conciliar commissions in the task of revising all the schemas in order to make them more open to

2071:

Orthodox to the Catholic Church. The Council Fathers avoided voting on the schema at this point, and simply ordered that the schema be merged with the other two documents on Christian unity.

4127:

The national or regional level (CD 36-44). The decree stresses the need for an intermediate level between the universal Church and the individual diocese: this is the national (or regional)

5229:

were topics that would not be raised at the council. However, J. O. Berlioz states that the real issue was the desire of the Russian Orthodox to be invited directly, instead of through the

4155:("Desired of the whole ", 1965) seeks to adapt the training of priests to modern conditions. While some of the points made in the decree are quite traditional, such as the insistence that 3170:

The various votes on the revised schema took place on October 14 and 15. The final vote was 1,763 in favour, 250 opposed, a much better result than could have been imagined a year earlier.

5864: 3382:

the Orthodox in 1054. At the same time, in the Patriarchal cathedral in Istanbul, the Joint Declaration was read out in Greek and the Orthodox excommunication of the Catholics was lifted.

4112:

the governance of the universal Church, the decree proposes that there be a council of bishops from around the world to assist the pope in this governance. (It would later be called the

2552:

the papacy and the episcopal office figured prominently. While granting the importance of strengthening the episcopal function, he defended the authority and prerogatives of the papacy.

4583:

The beneficial nature of diversity: ecclesial (the Church as a communion of “churches”), liturgical, and theological (diversity “even in the theological elaborations of revealed truth”)

2289:

3. This College of Bishops is the successor of the College of the Apostles and, in communion with the Pope, enjoys full and supreme power over the universal Church. Yes: 2,148. No: 336.

2556:

of the life and practice of the Church. The eighth was the important schema about the Church in the Modern World. It would eventually become clear that a fourth session was necessary.

11645: 11482: 4907:), which led to disputed canonical sanctions. This event has been a subject of ongoing debate within the Catholic community regarding the validity of any purported excommunications . 2694:

In spite of these objections, it was clear the schema had considerable support. Discussion ended on October 6, and the text was sent to the doctrinal commission for further revision.

959:, while the theology of the episcopate and of the laity were left unaddressed. The role of the Second Vatican Council in continuing and completing the work of the first was noted by 9451:"Sanctitas clarior – Lettera Apostolica in forma di Motu Proprio con la quale sono riordinati i processi per le cause di beatificazione e canonizzazione (19 marzo 1969) | Paolo VI" 8500: 2615:

On 23 September, the Council Fathers finally got the opportunity to discuss the 2 texts that had originally been appended to the schema on ecumenism and were now separate schemas.

14019: 4409:(April 1963), listed freedom of religion among the basic human rights – the first papal document to support freedom of religion – and he wanted Vatican II to address the issue. 4512:

general Council had addressed before, such as collaboration of the Catholic Church with the concerns of the secular world and the Church's relation to non-Christian religions.

2926:

Saturday, November 21 was the closing day of the Third Session. Three schemas now became official Council documents when they were promulgated by the Pope: the very important

1291:

at all. The two notable exceptions were the preparatory commission for liturgy and the Secretariat for Christian unity, whose schemas were very much in the spirit of renewal.

1038:

Over the course of the next 3 years, the Pope would make many statements describing the results he expected from the council. They formed something like 3 concentric circles:

9962:

Alberigo, Giuseppe (1995). "The Announcement of the Council: From the Security of the Fortress to the Lure of the Quest". In Alberigo, Giuseppe; Komonchak, Joseph A. (eds.).

3995:("The Word of God") states the principle active in the other council documents that "The study of the sacred page is, as it were, the soul of sacred theology". It is said of 1906: 1988:, the senior German bishop, rose to second the motion. There was loud applause and the motion was declared carried. That day's sitting was adjourned after only 15 minutes. 4057:

s understanding of the Church as the "pilgrim people of God" and as "communion", aware of the long history of the Church's teaching and in touch with what it calls the "

3278:

In the midst of all this voting, there was another public session on November 18, and two of the remaining schemas became the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation

2836:

From the reformers: the schema should promote the position of women in society; there should be a strong condemnation of racism; the schema should condemn nuclear war.

1086:

to the teachings of the most recent popes and to the Curia's vision of the role of the Church in the modern world, provided the Pope could be convinced to forget about

15673: 15139: 1067:

of Montréal, as reported by Congar. As for the first statement, it has been repeated so many times that it may be impossible to find out if and when the Pope said it.

9989:

Fouilloux, Étienne (1995). "The Antepreparatory Phase: the Slow Emergence from Inertia (January 1959–October 1962)". In Alberigo, Giuseppe; Komonchak, Joseph (eds.).

9185: 8538: 3802:

Christ is present to us not only under the appearance of bread and wine, but also in the Word of God, in the person of the priest and in the gathered assembly (SC 7).

13908: 11237: 8469: 5242:

Various feasts and devotional celebrations related to popular piety were revised or abbreviated as a result of the council. Examples of this are the revision of the

3880:(SC 116) and organ music (SC 120) are to be preserved, congregational singing is to be encouraged (SC 114) and the use of other instruments is permissible (SC 120). 1447:

sometimes heated, and Latin was not the only language used. Like the General Congregations, they were closed to the public and subject to the same rules of secrecy.

6398:, p. 415: " remarked with great confidence that the theological drafts were so painstakingly prepared that the Council would adopt them in a couple of weeks.". 5756: 3044:

acceptable in principle took place September 21: 1,997 in favour, 224 opposed. Some 10% of the Council Fathers were opposed, but this was far less than was feared.

2716:

schema did not insist enough on the laity's role as subordinate to the clergy; others claimed it insisted too much on this subordinate role and was "too clerical".

2221:

Five schemas were on the agenda for the Second Period, as well as the two accepted in principle during the First Period: Liturgy and Means of Social Communication.

13005: 12652: 3811:

In order to be better understood, the rites should be simplified and a limited use of the vernacular is permitted, but the use of Latin is to be preserved (SC 36).

15976: 1005:

on 25 January 1959, less than three months after his election in October 1958. His announcement in the chapter hall of the Benedictine monastery attached to the

1094:

turn away from a fortress-like defensive attitude to the modern world and set off in a new direction towards a renewed theology of the Church and of the laity,

1074:

had recovered from their shock at the Pope's announcement of a Council, they realized that it could be the culmination of the Church's program of resistance to

15946: 14215: 14210: 11267: 3808:"In the restoration and promotion of the sacred liturgy, full and active participation by all the people is the aim to be considered before all else" (SC 14). 2656:

Middle East conflict, and Christians would suffer for this. A statement on the Jews now returned as part of a broader schema "On the Jews and non-Christians".

662: 15224: 9401: 8673: 3118:

He wanted to express the Catholic Church's support for the UN on its 20th anniversary and for its role as an instrument of peaceful cooperation among nations;

1055:

For the whole human family, he expected the council to contribute toward resolving major social and economic problems, such as war, hunger, underdevelopment.

7492: 2417:

The 3 chapters on ecumenism (a merger of 3 previous documents) took a very positive view of ecumenism, and said things some bishops had never heard before:

15981: 12572: 4243:, those communities that are in full union with Rome, but have their own distinctive liturgy, customs (such as married priests) and forms of organization ( 2628:

Protestants claimed the Catholic Church's stance on ecumenism could not be taken seriously as long as it supported such restrictions on religious freedom.

2217:

The Church must engage in dialogue with the world: "not to conquer but to serve, not to despise but to appreciate, not to condemn but to comfort and save".

1305:

after the council, and a number of schemas were consolidated and merged, with the result that the total number of schemas was whittled down from 70 to 22.

9474: 9430: 3214:

There was a Public Session on October 28, when the 5 schemas approved so far became documents of Vatican II: the decrees on the renewal of religious life

1465:

because of their expertise. Their appointment served to vindicate their ideas and gave them a platform from which they could work to further their views.

14520: 11670: 4368:

Church deplores all hatred and antisemitism. And the declaration ends with a condemnation of all forms of discrimination based on religion or ethnicity.

1136:("wishes"). Some were typical of past ways of doing things, asking for new dogmatic definitions or condemnations of errors. Others were in the spirit of 3805:"The liturgy is the summit toward which the activity of the Church is directed; at the same time it is the font from which all her power flows" (SC 10). 14384: 13559: 13039: 9450: 7359: 5509: 524: 5325: 4680:

The recommendation to establish an agency of the universal Church to “foster progress in needy regions and social justice on the international scene”.

15532: 14761:

Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.

13934: 12137: 4257: 4515:

Its style was novel. It inaugurated a new style of conciliar teaching, a style that was called “pastoral” as it avoided anathemas and condemnations.

2980:

people". To show his support for these changes, Pope Paul began celebrating mass according to the new rules each Sunday in a different Rome parish.

14009: 10923: 10262: 10216:

Wittstadt, Klaus (1995). "On the Eve of the Second Vatican Council (July 1–October 10, 1962)". In Alberigo, Giuseppe; Komonchak, Joseph A. (eds.).

8613: 6533: 4899:(SSPX), which recognizes the authority of the Pope but rejects the validity of the Second Vatican Council. In 1988, the SSPX faced a conflict with 2363:

Most of the discussion was about the relation between bishops and the central government of the Church. In the course of this discussion, Cardinal

1439: 4545:"The sixteen documents of the Second Vatican Council are the most important texts produced by the Catholic Church in the past four hundred years". 3838:

for the laity (SC 55), are to be restored under certain conditions, and that the homily should be a commentary on the Scripture readings (SC 52).

3124:

He spoke of the necessity of world peace and of the horrors of war. The most striking statement in the address was "No more war! War never again!"

2001:

became the common posture and gesture practised after the council. The priest faces the congregation, while vestments and artwork are less ornate.

15971: 15941: 15481: 12458: 10778: 8563: 4946:

This issue was addressed by Pope Paul VI five weeks after the end of the council in the talk he gave at his general audience of 12 January 1966:

15936: 15847: 4690: 3319:

On December 4, Pope Paul took part in an ecumenical prayer service with the hundred or so non-Catholic observers present at the council in the

2286:

2. All legitimately consecrated bishops who are in communion with one another and with the Pope form a College of Bishops. Yes: 2,154. No: 104.

2014:

On 22 October, the first schema to be discussed was the one from the very reform-minded preparatory commission for liturgy. It had 8 chapters:

8648: 4348:

This new way of considering the issue of Church unity met with great approval at the council and was adopted with very few dissenting voices.

4105:. It deals with the 3 levels where a bishop exercises his ministry: the universal Church, his own diocese and the national or regional level. 2443:

At a public session on December 4, Pope Paul solemnly promulgated the first two documents of the council: the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy (

14795: 14280: 13319: 13046: 12850: 12637: 11640: 10977: 5485: 4977: states that Catholics may not disregard the teaching of an ecumenical council even if it does not propose its teaching as definitive: 4416:

appealed to revelation: Jesus did not coerce people to accept his teaching, but invited them to believe, and so did his immediate followers.

1583: 6870: 977:"fortress Church" mentality and make room for these tentative movements for renewal that had been developing over the previous few decades. 15951: 15433: 12998: 11520: 5374: 4499:

Vatican II's features "are so extraordinary that they set the council apart from its predecessors almost as a different kind of entity":

923:, who were unable to teach or publish until the death of Pius XII in 1958. By the early 1960s, other theologians under suspicion included 13592: 13085: 12189: 11932: 11470: 8508: 5601:

to present the Church's teaching "in an integral vision that better corresponds to the soul of the modern era", Homily for Pentecost 1962

3370: 1910: 9765: 8698: 5971:

was to be an essential element of all worship; and that the Eucharist was to be regarded as the source and summit of the Church's life:

5349: 4077:

to the various categories of people in the Church – bishops, priests, religious, laity, Eastern Catholics – and to Christian education.

2647:

Given the ferocity of the opposition, many wondered whether the chapter would ever manage to receive the requisite two-thirds majority.

2525:, on the Church. Some were annoyed that the pope would issue an encyclical on the very subject that was being discussed at the council. 1478:", they were not official Council participants and could not attend General Congregations or commission meetings. But like the official 14897: 14819: 14808: 13974: 13273: 12845: 11874: 11777: 5487:

Allocuzione del Santo Padre Giovanni XXIII con la Quale Annuncia il Concilio Ecumenico e L'Aggiornamento del Codice di Diritto Canonico

4811:

the comment: "The Church can survive the disorder of development better than she can stand the living death of organized immobility."

3342:

December 7 was the day for the promulgation of the 4 remaining schemas: they became the Constitution on the Church in the Modern World

3336: 3202:

The schema was approved in principle on October 16, and after further voting on amendments, it received final approval on November 12.

2385: 2372: 655: 10773: 5460: 4193:

to modern conditions. The decree presupposes the theology of the religious life found in chapter 6 of the Constitution on the Church (

1049:) or "adapting" of Church practices to new circumstances and a restatement of her beliefs in a way that would connect with modern man. 15251: 12810: 12672: 11590: 10732: 4385: 1654: 5126:, pope who called for the council and presided over it first (thus his feast day is the same date as the opening date of Vatican II) 1434:

Each commission included 25 Council Fathers (16 elected by the council and 9 appointed by the Pope) as well as consultors (official

15931: 14850: 14654: 13727: 11185: 9661: 4172: 3320: 1006: 12991: 12757: 11851: 4807:, challenged the council fathers to find "reasons for religious freedom" in which they believed, and drew from scripture scholar 4113: 3323:. It was the first time a Pope had prayed publicly with non-Catholic Christians, something unthinkable just a few years earlier. 1482:, they gave informal talks to groups of bishops, bringing them up to date on developments in their particular area of expertise. 9169:

Oeterreicher, John M. "Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions". In Vorgrimler, Herbert (ed.).

2963:

In early December 1964, Pope Paul travelled to India to take part in the International Eucharistic Congress held in Bombay (now

2691:

clearly whether the Bible was completely free from error. The conservatives insisted the text should clearly state that it was.

2295:

5. It is opportune to consider the restoration of the diaconate as a permanent degree of ordained ministry. Yes: 2,120. No: 525.

13421: 13363: 11085: 11080: 9743: 5230: 4787: 3953:

style of leadership, through synods of bishops and through his personal use of a worldwide advisory council of eight cardinals.

3945:(17) which laid out the programmatic for his pontificate, said that "on the basis of the teaching of the Dogmatic Constitution 1955:

John XXIII opened the council on 11 October 1962 in a public session at St. Peter's Basilica and delivered his opening address

1251:

Two secretariats – one the offshoot of an existing Vatican office, the other a new body – also had a part in drafting schemas:

9880: 15926: 15605: 15372: 12789: 12737: 11369: 10201: 10171: 10086: 10044: 10007: 9727: 9696: 9589: 9529: 9036: 9011: 8976: 7426: 6098: 5963: 5553: 4927: 648: 10114:

Ricciardi, Andrea (1997). "The Tumultuous Opening Days of the Council". In Alberigo, Giuseppe; Komonchak, Joseph A. (eds.).

9489: 5000:

has pushed back, that "it is nonsense to talk about the spirit of the Council, if you ignore the Documents of the Council."

15956: 15470: 15307: 13231: 13127: 12727: 12463: 10981: 10916: 10255: 9536:

Vatican II, by eliminating Latin prayers, offended traditional Catholics, and in Judaism the status of kashrut is divisive.

4535:“The Second Vatican Council was the most significant event in the history of Catholicism since the Protestant Reformation”. 703:

for four periods (or sessions), each lasting between 8 and 12 weeks, in the autumn of each of the four years 1962 to 1965.

460: 8476: 4272:. It also provides guidelines concerning common worship and shared communion between Eastern Catholics and members of the 989:

Before a papal Mass at the council; area between papal altar and apse/cathedra altar, in front of it the seat of the pope.

15841: 15688: 15507: 14093: 13991: 13878: 12767: 12597: 11505: 11252: 10692: 4381: 4161: 4102: 4058: 3950: 3883:

The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy launched the most extensive revision of the liturgy in the history of the Church.

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The statement that “the Churches of the East, as much as those of the West, fully enjoy the right to rule themselves” (

2170:. The day after his election, Paul VI announced that the council would continue and that it would be his "chief work". 17: 4970:

at the time of the council, simply stated "An Ecumenical Council enjoys supreme power over the universal Church," the

15352: 14788: 14273: 13263: 12409: 12011: 11658: 11492: 10943: 10888: 10153: 10132: 9980: 5432: 2166:, and on 21 June Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini of Milan, a moderate reformer, was elected pope, taking the name 1932: 1751: 5592:"appropriate adaptation of Church discipline to the needs and conditions of our times", Ad Petri cathedram (1959) 61 4982:

definitive act; therefore, the Christian faithful are to take care to avoid those things which do not agree with it.

4910:

Other groups have gone further than the SSPX and have declared that the Holy See has been vacant since the death of

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for the laity, and the expansion of Scripture readings during the Mass was resonant with the sensibilities of other

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was devoted exclusively to Commission work, as their members worked feverishly to clear the backlog of amendments.

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conservative members of the Doctrinal Commission. The outcry was considerable and eventually the Pope backed down.

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The next two years (known officially as the "preparatory period") were occupied with preparing the drafts, called

15906: 15678: 14619: 14564: 14532: 14513: 14377: 14346: 14314: 14297: 13529: 13453: 13073: 13051: 12932: 12274: 12249: 12214: 12209: 12174: 12054: 11653: 11537: 11127: 11090: 10973: 10953: 10909: 10248: 4727:, which according to Paul VI was "the most characteristic and ultimate purpose of the teachings of the Council". 1914: 1707: 1625: 1620: 1082:

and all the other errors of the modern world. It was the providential opportunity to give the stamp of conciliar

985: 514: 483: 4459: 4251:). The decree states that they are not simply different rites (as they were commonly called previously) but are 15921: 15911: 15600: 15357: 15061: 14857: 13768: 13387: 13034: 13026: 13014: 12870: 12582: 12269: 12239: 12219: 12159: 11949: 11665: 11203: 11195: 11107: 10968: 10948: 10680: 8588: 4090: 3906: 3139:

wanted more autonomy from Roman supervision. The schema was very well received and the discussion lasted only 3

2858:

Council Fathers began suggesting that perhaps the time had come to revisit the Church's ban on contraception.

1474:(§11). Each bishop was allowed to bring along a personal theological adviser of his choice. Known as "private 15410: 15202: 15018: 14914: 14627: 14416: 14400: 14063: 13642: 13617: 13226: 12244: 12234: 11560: 11431: 11329: 11026: 10737: 10719: 1664: 1630: 1413: 555: 545: 15159: 8929: 4650:

The statement that “parents themselves should ultimately make the judgment” as to the size of their family (

4292:

the council's business to a close, most bishops chose to vote for the text, though close to 9% rejected it.

3791:, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, was the blueprint for an extensive reform of the Western liturgy. 2292:

4. The authority of the College of Bishops (united with the Pope) is of divine origin . Yes: 2,138. No: 408.

2184: 1343:

The Pope did not attend General Congregations, but followed the deliberations on closed-circuit television.

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The first year was known officially as the "antepreparatory period". On 17 May 1959, Pope John appointed an

15806: 15617: 15312: 15154: 14781: 14464: 14408: 14392: 14366: 14266: 14103: 13622: 13612: 13068: 12825: 12796: 12779: 12687: 12299: 12264: 12254: 11832: 11813: 11675: 11426: 11339: 10675: 10231: 9605: 5247: 4931: 4677:

The instruction to establish national or regional Episcopal Conferences with authority and responsibilities

692: 596: 550: 540: 447: 439: 9859:"Gianni Criveller, Bishop John Tong of Hong Kong, "man of dialogue," but with "non-negotiable principles"" 2538:

address the Council Fathers about their concerns as laypeople, none of the women would be asked to speak.

15701: 15541: 15397: 14892: 14068: 13438: 13211: 12835: 11585: 11453: 11322: 10878: 10848: 10758: 10526: 5798: 3369:

Before the promulgation, the Council Fathers witnessed a moving moment in the history of Christianity. A

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baptism as the basis for the participation of Christians in Christ's mission as priest, prophet and king;

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Catholics must be involved in ecumenical endeavours (a reversal of the pre-conciliar ban on involvement)

15445: 15275: 15262: 15144: 15001: 14834: 14662: 14547: 14077: 13102: 12752: 12550: 12204: 11856: 11822: 11781: 10804: 10794: 10614: 10609: 10561: 10490: 9645: 5810: 5695: 4878: 4755: 4724: 4028: 3930: 3835: 3779: 2466: 1406: 9624: 9475:"Meeting with the Parish Priests and the Clergy of the Rome Diocese (14 February 2013) – Benedict XVI" 3189:

The one important issue the schema did not address was that of compulsory celibacy for priests of the

2371:, arguing that the central administration of the Church had to be thoroughly reformed, especially the 720:

documents produced by the council proposed significant developments in doctrine and practice, notably

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https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib3-cann747-755_en.html#BOOK_III

6534:"All'inizio della Seconda Sessione del Concilio Ecumenico Vaticano II (29 settembre 1963) | Paolo VI" 5619:"to contribute more effectively to the solution of the problems of the modern age", Humanae salutis 6 5548:, vol. 9, World Christianities c. 1914 – c. 2000, Cambridge University Press, pp. 307–308, 4240: 4204: 4108:

The universal Church (CD 4-10). Since the doctrine of collegiality holds that bishops share with the

3814:

There needs to be more reading from holy scripture, and it is to be more varied and suitable (SC 35).

2122: 1574: 1374: 902: 696: 131: 15149: 6856: 5690: 4837:; hence they are no longer to be considered as reserved to candidates for the sacrament of orders." 4341:

though intercommunion is still not possible, and undertake actions for the common good of humanity.

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of Constantinople was read out, deploring the mutual excommunications of 1054 which resulted in the

3327:

study and accept the decisions of the council and apply them in spiritual renewal. He also issued a

2871:

weeks of debate, the schema was returned for revision by the joint Commission that had produced it.

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31 folios. (Official record of daily proceedings during Vatican II, in Latin) Available online at

2918:

On the Vatican website, the explanatory note can be found between the main text and the endnotes.

1494:

first went to the council as some bishop's personal theologian, and were later appointed official

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Preparation for the council took over three years, from the summer of 1959 to the autumn of 1962.

905:, and some of the authors were forbidden to teach or to publish. Those who suffered most were the 15916: 15757: 15546: 15495: 15285: 15246: 15219: 15179: 14966: 14881: 14824: 14611: 14556: 14503: 14306: 13587: 13443: 13170: 12893: 12525: 12486: 12453: 11899: 11879: 11747: 11625: 11575: 11354: 11155: 11095: 10418: 10343: 9719: 9521: 6874: 5218: 4896: 4742:, the Christian seasons". Other changes that followed the council included the widespread use of 4674:

The possibility of sharing in the worship (including communion) of a Church other than one’s own

4284: 4273: 4235: 4035:, thus making the Second Vatican Council "a milestone for Catholic, Protestants, the Orthodox". 3735: 3614: 3222: 3195: 2935: 2843:

The appendix on marriage and the family caused fireworks. The conservatives were indignant that:

2424:

Catholics should acknowledge that faults by Catholics in the past often contributed to separation

872:

was being rejected by some theologians as dry and uninspiring. Thus was born the movement called

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Second Session. And so on September 30 this third version was presented to the Council Fathers.

1901:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

1533:, the form of the Mass prevalent before the council, showing the chalice after the consecration. 15741: 15634: 15104: 14432: 13944: 13657: 12962: 12903: 12898: 12532: 12338: 12259: 12184: 12064: 11742: 11630: 11570: 11135: 10351: 10292: 6842: 4971: 4960: 4791: 4747: 4716: 4321: 4032: 3787: 3761: 3633: 3474: 2931: 2445: 2211:

Aggiornamento must continue, not by breaking with tradition, but by removing what is defective.

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as well as developments in ecumenism and Bible studies. Some of these works were placed on the

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Five weeks before the opening of the Third Session, pope Paul published his first encyclical,

2502:

down centuries of suspicion and estrangement, and gave great hope to the ecumenical movement.

2458: 2283:

1. Episcopal consecration is the highest degree of the sacrament of orders. Yes: 2,123. No: 34

2121:

and to reduce the amount of material. The commission's 7 members included 2 curial cardinals (

793:

concerned the promotion of peace, the gift of self, and the Churches mission to non-Catholics

231:

Complete unfinished task of Vatican I and ecumenical outreach to address needs of modern world

15966: 15696: 15661: 15567: 15428: 15367: 15280: 15256: 15212: 15207: 15089: 14996: 14909: 14875: 14686: 14480: 14424: 13954: 13939: 13652: 13509: 13416: 13216: 13199: 13112: 13056: 12667: 12494: 11919: 11700: 11565: 11411: 11117: 11055: 11014: 10999: 10768: 10698: 10399: 8674:"The Sacramentality of Scripture: "Dei Verbum" and the Biblical insights of Joseph Ratzinger" 5897: 5641: 4822: 4622:

The recognition and commendation of the ministry of married priests in the Eastern Churches (

4538:“Vatican II was the single most important event for Catholicism in four centuries, since the 4268:

by priests, as well as the possibility of satisfying Sunday obligation by taking part in the

4139: 3862: 3827: 3538: 3374: 3350: 1957: 1764: 1736: 1729: 1696: 1685: 1399: 1064: 940: 706:

Pope John XXIII called the council because he felt the Church needed "updating" (in Italian:

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Raguer, Hilari (1997). "Profile of the Assembly". In Alberigo; Komonchak, Joseph A. (eds.).

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https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/audiences/1966/documents/hf_p-vi_aud_19660112.html

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infallibility as a charism of the whole People of God, and not just of the bishops and Pope.

1152:

these topics were parcelled out to these commissions according to their area of competence.

1147:, that would be submitted to the bishops for discussion at the council. On 5 June 1960, ten 859: 15811: 15666: 15654: 15302: 15295: 15084: 14974: 14934: 14929: 14738: 14690: 14674: 14658: 14448: 14330: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14113: 14040: 13883: 13843: 13662: 13564: 13539: 13478: 13283: 13258: 13194: 12071: 12040: 11937: 11818: 11732: 11612: 11515: 11232: 11227: 11150: 11100: 11031: 11009: 10763: 10541: 9666: 5818: 4804: 4128: 3873: 3869: 2850:– the text said the spouses were entitled to decide the number of children they would have; 2085: 1848: 1820: 1718: 1499: 1442:, appointed during the preparatory period, continued to exist under its president Cardinal 1079: 586: 493: 15517: 4943:

Council's teaching is not binding, and that a Catholic is free to accept it or reject it.

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4. The Universal Call to Holiness (an expansion of the former "The States of Perfection")

1387:

Commission for the Discipline of the Clergy and the Christian People: president Cardinal

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world. Congar and Daniélou represented the first view, Rahner and Ratzinger the second.

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Chapter 3: On how Christians should conduct themselves in the world in which they lived

2624:

simply, it ran counter to the position the Catholic Church had defended for centuries.

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Within the wider Christian family, he sought progress toward reunion of all Christians.

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Walsh, Michael (2006), "The Religious Ferment of the Sixties", in McLeod, Hugh (ed.),

5350:"Biblical Scholarship 50 years After Divino Afflante Spiritu: From September 18, 1993" 2138: 1981: 1834: 1670: 15853: 15801: 15270: 15234: 15045: 15006: 14698: 14440: 14193: 14098: 13873: 13859: 13833: 13818: 13722: 13707: 13637: 13627: 13496: 13428: 13329: 13293: 13189: 12840: 12076: 11401: 11281: 11048: 11004: 10619: 10579: 10197: 10167: 10149: 10143: 10128: 10082: 10050: 10040: 10003: 9976: 9956: 9723: 9692: 9585: 9525: 9032: 9007: 8768: 5959: 5549: 5428: 5251: 5158: 5135: 5090: 5080: 4900: 4895:

The largest of the traditionalist groups rejecting the validity of Vatican II is the

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as the center of what it is to be Christian and therefore of the Christian life, the

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These seven documents apply the teaching contained in the Constitution on the Church

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After being revised during the interval, the schema now had 8 chapters instead of 4.

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Paragraph numbers in this section refer to the Council Regulations published in the

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is to serve the bishops, it needs to be reorganized and become more international.

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The document contained no call for non-Catholics to "return" to the Catholic Church

2142: 1862: 1824: 1810: 1782: 1649: 1487: 1020: 928: 910: 601: 321: 123: 11942: 9884: 9186:""Nostra aetate", Forty Years After Vatican II. Present & Future Perspectives" 8649:"The Gift Of the Word: The achievements and challenges of Vatican II on Scripture" 8589:"The Church of Christ and the Churches: Is the Vatican retreating from ecumenism?" 4790:

and artwork. With many of these changes resonating with the perspectives of other

4604:

The statement that the unique Church of Christ “subsists” in the Catholic Church (

4012:

were silenced right up to Vatican II. The council brought a definitive end to the

2405:

1,598 to 503. A quarter of the Fathers vote against it to show their displeasure.

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En las afueras de Jericó: recuerdos de los años con san Josemaría y Juan Pablo II

5880: 5847: 5814: 5711:"l The Bull "Humanae Salutis" by John XXIII to Summon the Second Vatican Council" 5169: 5123: 4739: 4735: 4696: 4593:

2. Specific texts that contain a recognizable shift from pre-conciliar teaching:

4564: 4405: 4269: 4044: 3964:

rather than relying solely on devotional writings, booklets and the lives of the

3877: 3858: 3493: 3344: 3128: 2637: 2484: 2384:, who would one day become the head of the same Holy Office, renamed in 1967 the 2318: 2180: 2158: 2146: 1725: 1674: 1616: 1605: 1530: 1526: 1024: 998: 952: 944: 785: 452: 276: 194: 171: 4786:(facing the "East" and the Crucifix), and modern aesthetic changes encompassing 2089:

there were 2 problems with the schemas so far: too much material and not enough

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Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who on succeeding John XXIII took the name

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the sanctification of Christians can occur even through their secular pursuits;

2247:

After 2 days of debate, it was accepted in principle by a vote of 2,231 to 43.

1997: 1778: 1427: 1388: 965: 906: 893: 877: 341: 291: 110: 13397: 3102:

assembly in time for the schema to be accepted before the end of the session.

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the beginning of the 1960s, such as Karl Rahner and Hans Küng, were appointed

1419:

Commission on Seminaries, Studies, and Catholic Education: president Cardinal

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1. New general orientations and basic themes found throughout the documents:

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The Church must present the world with a statement of its self-understanding.

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As a result of the reforms of Vatican II, on 15 August 1972 Paul issued the

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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

1634:("International Group of Fathers"), the bloc of conservative Council Fathers 15713: 15392: 15322: 14904: 14845: 14804: 14670: 14198: 14073: 13929: 13893: 13632: 13554: 13398: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13122: 12722: 12657: 12587: 12577: 12504: 12404: 12373: 12149: 12098: 11866: 11808: 11705: 11476: 11393: 11349: 11344: 11334: 11145: 11072: 10809: 10726: 10640: 10546: 10469: 9803: 9397: 9239: 8539:"Pope Francis sets up a group of eight cardinals to advise him – La Stampa" 5806: 5226: 5129: 5109: 5068: 5059:

Of those who took part in the council's opening session, four later became

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decree states that a concern for unity is an obligation for all Catholics.

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One of the issues some bishops wanted discussed at the council was that of

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The last of the schemas, it came before the Council Fathers on October 14.

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Massimo Faggioli, “Bishop Robert Barron's 'beige' version of Vatican II”,

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phrase, "the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life"). However, Cardinal

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Ottaviani – towards thinkers who choose to pursue new issues in theology.

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Chapter 4: On some special responsibilities of Christians in today's world

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that Revelation consisted in propositions handed down by God, some in the

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In addition to these specialist commissions and secretariats, there was a

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who had covered Vatican II as a journalist described it as a spirit that

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The restoration of the diaconate as a permanent order open to married men

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Commission on Bishops and the Governance of Dioceses: president Cardinal

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Francis J. Moloney, sdb (2016-11-23). "Sacred Scripture at Vatican ii".

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Better Jewish-Catholic relations have been emphasized since the council.

4337:

of non-Catholics and come to appreciate the riches of their traditions.

3891:

referred to a turn away from clericalism toward a new age of the laity.

2778:

bishops gave it a hasty preliminary approval, to get it out of the way.

1426:

Commission for the Lay Apostolate and for the Media: president Cardinal

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which in effect suppressed the minor orders and replaced them with two

4743: 4703:. Several changes resulting from the council include the renewal of 4244: 4097:, on the basis of the theology of the episcopate found in chapter 3 of 3986: 3794:

Chapter 1 of the Constitution set out principles to guide this reform:

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Pope. It also proposed in equally general terms a reform of the Curia.

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members – renewal-minded Cardinals Suenens, Döpfner and

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Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church

5909:

Doria, Piero. L'Archivio del Concilio Vaticano II: Storia e Sviluppo.

5463:, paragraph 30, published on 6 August 1964, accessed on 14 August 2024 4629:

The recognition that every person has the right to religious freedom (

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needed to be said. But the chapter was well received by most Fathers.

2271:

the collegial nature of Church authority – had no basis in Scripture.

2153: 844:

very limited circles. By 1960, the movement was still in its infancy.

15450: 14722: 12717: 12712: 12682: 12378: 12141: 12125: 12110: 11954: 11844: 11722: 11712: 11580: 11359: 10391: 10016:

Hastings, Adrian (1991). "The Key Texts". In Hastings, Adrian (ed.).

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Heaven Can Wait: Purgatory in Catholic Devotional and Popular Culture

5222: 4712: 4700: 4532:"It was the most important religious event of the twentieth century". 4309: 4253: 4203:(whose members take vows and live a communal life), but touches also 3842: 3822: 3652: 3356: 1287:(the curial department for theological orthodoxy) showed no signs of 1095: 361: 8501:"Pope blasts clericalism, says clock has stopped on 'hour of laity'" 6040: 4658:

3. Practical decisions requiring new institutions or new behaviour:

3960:

The Second Vatican Council encouraged the scriptural reading of the

3845:

is to be simplified in order to make its meaning clear (SC 62); the

2742:

necessary before it was ready for final approval a few weeks later.

2430:

Chapter 3 listed many admirable features of non-Catholic Christians.

2129:

of the Consistorial congregation) and 5 diocesan bishops (cardinals

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and baptism is to be made clear (SC 71); the sacrament then called

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presiding over the introductory ingress of the council, flanked by

2354: 2163: 1380:

Commission on the Discipline of the Sacraments: president Cardinal

1359:

Commission on the Doctrine of Faith and Morals: president Cardinal

888: 633: 10901: 9641:"Pope approves provisions to recognize marriages of SSPX faithful" 5102:

A number of those involved in Vatican II as pope, council father,

4586:

Other Christians understood as being in communion with the Church

4131:, an institution that did not exist in all countries at the time. 4089:("Christ the Lord", 1965) deals with practical matters concerning 3199:, the encyclical maintaining clerical celibacy for Latin priests. 1543:

Central Preparatory Commission before the opening of the council.

1016:

He had tested the idea only ten days before with one of them, his

14751:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. 13854: 13468: 13090: 12662: 11500: 11374: 11317: 10705: 9242:

included freedom of religion among the errors of the modern era (

5196: 5104: 4840: 4830: 4759: 4708: 4094: 3850: 1609: 1551: 9232:

called freedom of conscience "absurd and erroneous" (Encyclical

9207:"Dabru Emet – A Jewish Statement on Christians and Christianity" 7950: 7899: 7872: 7836: 7824: 7771: 7759: 7735: 7711: 7687: 7639: 7615: 7588: 7559: 7445: 7390: 7301: 7265: 7253: 7241: 7184: 7111: 7087: 7024: 6988: 6937: 6925: 6901: 6823: 6811: 6799: 6787: 6775: 5217:

There has been speculation that the Vatican somehow assured the

5054: 4959:

The issue is also addressed by the Code of Canon Law. While the

3956: 3335:. The reform was fairly minor: the office's name was changed to 2996: 2541: 2300:

this experience had convinced them of the validity of the idea.

2194: 781:

to restore "the full and active participation by all the people"

14020:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

13463: 13373: 13278: 12815: 12120: 12105: 12049: 12016: 9443: 7916: 7914: 7889: 7887: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7605: 7603: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7474: 7472: 7342: 7340: 7231: 7229: 7216: 7214: 7201: 7199: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7128: 7126: 7065: 7063: 6954: 6952: 6739: 6700: 6676: 6616: 6604: 6490: 6463: 6413: 6401: 6266: 6254: 6206: 6052: 6028: 5243: 4504:

was a gathering the likes of which had never been seen before”.

4248: 3817:

A certain degree of local adaptation is permissible (SC 37-40).

2964: 2483:(future Cardinal), Papal Master of Ceremonies (right), and two 716:

won out over resistance to change, and as a result the sixteen

9263: 9150: 9138: 9126: 9102: 9045: 9029:

The Theology of Cardinal Walter Kasper: Speaking Truth in Love

8983: 8940: 6729: 6727: 6570: 6568: 6555: 6553: 6379: 6377: 3256:

After the Council Fathers' second one-week break, there were 3

3129:

Schemas: Missions, Education, Non-Christian religions, Priests

2449:) and the Decree on the Modern Means of Social Communication ( 2056: 12913: 12081: 12045: 9516:

Brewer, John D.; Higgins, Gareth I.; Teeney, Francis (2011).

9362:

Richard R. Gaillardetz, “Preface”, in Gaillardetz 2020, p. xv

9092: 9090: 9077: 9075: 9062: 9060: 6007: 5375:"Light in our darkness – celebrating Divino Afflante Spiritu" 4751: 4589:

The concern for secular human values, with justice and peace.

3980: 3961: 3060: 2683: 2586:

7. The Pilgrim Church and its Union with the Church in Heaven

1945: 1598: 14965: 8952: 8862: 8826: 8814: 8780: 8778: 8450: 8426: 8414: 7938: 7911: 7884: 7860: 7807: 7783: 7747: 7723: 7699: 7675: 7663: 7651: 7627: 7600: 7571: 7547: 7523: 7511: 7499: 7469: 7402: 7378: 7337: 7325: 7313: 7289: 7277: 7226: 7211: 7196: 7172: 7155: 7138: 7123: 7099: 7075: 7060: 7048: 7036: 7012: 7000: 6976: 6964: 6949: 6913: 6889: 4211:(whose members take vows but do not share a communal life). 3968:, as had the Council of Trent and the First Vatican Council. 2945: 2880:

the whole Council. The reformers nicknamed it "Black Week".

2491: 2107: 2065: 15389: 14841: 12086: 11805: 9323: 9311: 8790: 6763: 6751: 6724: 6712: 6664: 6652: 6640: 6628: 6592: 6580: 6565: 6550: 6514: 6502: 6425: 6374: 6362: 6350: 6326: 6314: 6278: 6242: 6218: 6194: 5255: 5060: 4918:) or that all the Pontiffs since Pope John XXIII are popes 4665:

The restoration of communion under both kinds for the laity

4109: 3386:

one is a stranger, no one is excluded, no one is distant".

2781: 2574:

3. The Hierarchical Structure; in particular the Episcopate

2113:

The Coordinating Commission and the Revision of the Schemas

769:

emphasized the study of scripture as "the soul of theology"

9951:

Acta synodalia sacrosancti concilii oecumenici Vaticani II

9344: 9299: 9287: 9275: 9251: 9114: 9087: 9072: 9057: 8910: 8898: 8886: 7962: 5523: 5308: 5306: 4207:(whose members take no vows but live a communal life) and 4189:("Of perfect charity", 1965) deals with the adaptation of 3861:

is to become a sacrament for those who are seriously ill (

2720:

views on a schema being discussed by the Council Fathers.

15522: 13909:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

9975:, translated by Sherry, Matthew, Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 9582:

Go into the Streets! The Welcoming Church of Pope Francis

9580:

Rausch, Thomas P.; Gaillardetz, Richard R., eds. (2016).

8964: 8874: 8850: 8838: 8802: 8775: 8438: 7926: 7848: 7795: 7433: 7414: 6338: 6133: 6131: 5671: 5659: 5647: 4833:. A major difference was: "Ministries may be assigned to 4778:(with the officiant facing the congregation), as well as 4684: 4494: 4474: 3033: 14459:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445) 10774:

Theology of Pope Benedict XVI § Continuity of Vatican II

9509: 9378: 6688: 6230: 6160: 6158: 5726: 5724: 5574: 4470: 2611:

Schemas on religious freedom and non-Christian religions

10210:

The Rhine Flows into the Tiber: a History of Vatican II

9911: 9883:(Millennium ed.). 24 November 2003. Archived from 9437:

Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World

6170: 6143: 5995: 5859:

Kloppenburg, Boaventura. As Comissões Conciliares. In:

5441: 5303: 4986: 4065:

Decrees and declarations on the Church as People of God

4039:

Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World

3114:

His address to the UN – in French – made three points.

1373:

Commission on the Eastern Churches: president Cardinal

847: 791:

Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World

10100:. Vol. II. Peeters & Orbis. pp. 169–232. 9518:

Religion, Civil Society, and Peace in Northern Ireland

6128: 5863:. Vol. 2, pp. 51–60. Petrópolis, Brazil: Vozes, 1963. 5861:

Concílio Vaticano II: Primeira Sessão (Set.-Dez, 1962)

5801:(Syriac patriarch of Antioch) and 8 diocesan bishops: 4937: 3894: 3354:, the decree on the Missionary Activity of the Church 2801:

Chapter 2: On the Church in service to God and mankind

939:

In addition, there was the unfinished business of the

13940:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

10220:. Vol. I. Peeters & Orbis. pp. 405–500. 9411: 7535: 7457: 6155: 5721: 5562: 5326:"DIVINO AFFLANTE SPIRITU ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XII" 4558: 3755: 1405:

Commission on the Sacred Liturgy: president Cardinal

1035:

and who put it before John XXIII on 27 October 1958.

9993:. Vol. I. Peeters & Orbis. pp. 55–166. 9932:

Father Georg Ratzinger: Pope Benedict XVI: A Profile

6835: 6069: 6067: 5192: 4847:

Theology of Pope Francis § Vatican II revisited

4758:

for the laity, the subtle disuse of ornate clerical

2396:

Schemas on Liturgy and Modern Means of Communication

15225:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

10118:. Vol. II. Peeters & Orbis. pp. 1–68. 9606:"Twenty-five explicit errors of Vatican Council II" 9559: 9515: 9171:

Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, vol. III

4577:

The Eucharist as centre of the Church and its unity

4296:

Decrees and declarations on the Church in the world

3774:of the Virgin Mary is an example of changes in the 2154:

The death of John XXIII and the election of Paul VI

1628:; at the council, he acted as the president of the 1140:, asking for reforms and new ways of doing things. 951:, the only topics that had been completed were the 13013: 9957:https://archive.org/details/second-vatican-council 9662:"SSPX Masses and Fulfilling the Sunday Obligation" 8746: 7979: 7977: 5085:Father Joseph Ratzinger, present as a theological 4580:The primacy of Scripture in theory and in practice 3105: 2983: 2401:received final approval by a vote of 2,159 to 19. 1759:Prominent reform-minded theologians at the Council 1554:, these were the prominent actors at the council: 9481: 9020: 6064: 5644:'." Congar 2012, p. 282, entry for 13 March 1963. 4352:Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions 4239:("Of the Eastern Churches", 1964) deals with the 3348:, the decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests 3238:, and the declaration on Non-Christian Religions 2309:Some of the ideas developed in the chapter were: 15898: 14010:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 9966:. Vol. I. Peeters and Orbis. pp. 1–54. 9684:Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements 2355:Schema on Bishops and the Governance of Dioceses 1412:Commission for the Missions: president Cardinal 993: 9439:], II Vatican council, Rome, Italy: Vatican 7974: 4803:, authored largely by United States theologian 2954:"Council ring" given to participating Cardinals 2921: 2438: 2367:of Cologne delivered a biting criticism of the 1601:, president of the Italian Bishops' Conference. 1132:institutions had replied with 9,438 individual 1031:, who had already in 1948 proposed the idea to 15977:Religious organizations disestablished in 1965 10000:A Concise Guide to the Documents of Vatican II 9467: 9027:Colberg, Kristin M.; Krieg, Robert A. (2014). 8470:"Implementation of the Second Vatican Council" 8402: 8400: 8385: 8383: 8368: 8366: 8351: 8349: 8334: 8332: 8317: 8315: 8300: 8298: 8283: 8281: 8266: 8264: 8249: 8247: 8232: 8230: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8186: 8184: 8169: 8167: 8152: 8150: 8135: 8133: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8093: 8091: 8076: 8074: 8059: 8057: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8021: 8019: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7994: 6849: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5138:, council father as Bishop Karol Józef Wojtyła 4841:Vatican II and the pontificate of Pope Francis 4691:Post Vatican II history of the Catholic Church 3284:and the decree on the Apostolate of the Laity 2496: 2183:(of Bologna), and moderate curialist Cardinal 1639:Prominent Reform-minded Bishops at the Council 15947:Catholic Church councils held in Vatican City 14789: 14274: 12999: 10917: 10256: 5778: 5776: 5055:Vatican II participants who later became pope 4643:The condemnation of mass destruction in war ( 4469:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 3251: 3078:then moved on to study each of its chapters. 2997:Fourth period: 14 September – 8 December 1965 2542:Third period: 14 September – 21 November 1964 2195:Second period: 29 September – 4 December 1963 1558:Prominent Conservative Bishops at the Council 943:(1869–70). When it had been cut short by the 884:", and they soon attracted Rome's attention. 817:, a declaration about non-Christian religions 656: 465:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent 69:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 10164:Commentaries on the Documents of the Council 10069: 9487: 9350: 9329: 9317: 9026: 8958: 7968: 7956: 7944: 7920: 7905: 7893: 7878: 7866: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7789: 7777: 7765: 7753: 7741: 7729: 7717: 7705: 7693: 7681: 7669: 7657: 7645: 7633: 7621: 7609: 7594: 7582: 7565: 7553: 7529: 7517: 7505: 7478: 7451: 7408: 7396: 7384: 7346: 7331: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7283: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7235: 7220: 7205: 7190: 7178: 7166: 7149: 7132: 7117: 7105: 7093: 7081: 7069: 7054: 7042: 7030: 7018: 7006: 6994: 6982: 6970: 6958: 6943: 6931: 6919: 6907: 6895: 6829: 6817: 6805: 6793: 6781: 6769: 6757: 6745: 6733: 6718: 6706: 6682: 6670: 6658: 6646: 6634: 6622: 6610: 6598: 6586: 6574: 6559: 6520: 6508: 6496: 6469: 6431: 6419: 6407: 6383: 6368: 6356: 6332: 6320: 6272: 6260: 6248: 6224: 6212: 6200: 6058: 6046: 6034: 5703: 5529: 5312: 4926:). The most notable of these groups are the 4695:The council addressed relations between the 4181:The Adaptation and Renewal of Religious Life 4162:Congregation for Seminaries and Universities 2345: 1881: 15982:Christian organizations established in 1962 10779:Catholic–Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965 8397: 8380: 8363: 8346: 8329: 8312: 8295: 8278: 8261: 8244: 8227: 8198: 8181: 8164: 8147: 8130: 8105: 8088: 8071: 8054: 8033: 8016: 7991: 5932: 5846:, vol. CCXXXVI, n. 493, pp. 203–216, 1962. 5422: 5033:From another perspective, Church historian 4779: 4771: 4523: 4508:were represented by European missionaries.) 4070: 3912: 3393: 3360:, and the declaration on religious freedom 3314: 2970: 2514: 2237:2. The Hierarchical Structure of the Church 2057:Schema on the modern means of communication 1995:A contemporary Mass in modern practice, as 1111: 1107:The council was officially summoned by the 1001:gave notice of his intention to convene an 864:By the 1930s, mainstream theology based on 695:of the Catholic Church. The council met in 404: 394: 384: 369: 359: 349: 339: 329: 319: 309: 299: 289: 274: 264: 254: 244: 102: 14796: 14782: 14281: 14267: 14025:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 13975:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 13006: 12992: 12846:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 10924: 10910: 10270: 10263: 10249: 10161: 9997: 9680: 9384: 9305: 9293: 9281: 9269: 9257: 9156: 9144: 9132: 9120: 9108: 9096: 9081: 9066: 9051: 8989: 8946: 8916: 8904: 8892: 8880: 8868: 8856: 8844: 8832: 8820: 8808: 8796: 8784: 8456: 8444: 8432: 8420: 6344: 6284: 6236: 6149: 6075:"Pope John's Opening Speech at Vatican II" 5773: 5447: 5400:"The Second Vatican Council, by BC Butler" 4872: 3981:Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation 3337:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 2815:Appendix 1: On the human person in society 2746:Schema on the Church's Missionary Activity 2724:Schema on the Ministry and Life of Priests 2505: 2386:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 2098: 1946:First period: 11 October – 8 December 1962 767:Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation 663: 649: 459: 15252:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri 14803: 10733:History of the Catholic Church since 1962 10215: 10113: 10104: 10060: 9988: 9553:Religious Liberty: An End and a Beginning 9396: 8995: 8930:"Documents of the Second Vatican Council" 6480: 6478: 6395: 6308: 6188: 6176: 6001: 5665: 5653: 5580: 5116:, or are in the process of canonization. 4597:The text on the collegiality of bishops ( 4386:Relations between Catholicism and Judaism 4049:This document, named for its first words 2946:Interval between third and fourth periods 2874: 2827:Appendix 5: On human solidarity and peace 2824:Appendix 4: On economic and social issues 2672: 2559: 2492:Interval between second and third periods 2224: 2108:Interval between first and second periods 2066:Schema on Unity with the Eastern Orthodox 1933:Learn how and when to remove this message 1655:Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity 1440:Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity 1438:appointed by the pope). In addition, the 419:Chronological list of ecumenical councils 14755: 14655:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 10141: 10018:Modern Catholicism: Vatican II and After 10015: 9970: 9961: 9917: 9899: 9417: 9168: 8975:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRynne1991 ( 8716: 7425:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRynne1991 ( 6137: 6122: 5782: 5677: 5628: 5472: 5425:A Concise History of the Catholic Church 4859: 4662:The use of the vernacular in the liturgy 4171: 3955: 3911:The Dogmatic Constitution on the Church 3841:Chapter 3: Sacraments. The rite of each 3765: 3321:Basilica of Saint Paul outside the Walls 3061:Schema on the Church in the Modern World 2949: 2782:Schema on the Church in the Modern World 2457: 2262:The Hierarchical Structure of the Church 1990: 1520: 1007:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 984: 677:Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican 104:Concilium Oecumenicum Vaticanum Secundum 14288: 10232:Documents of the Second Vatican Council 10188: 10145:101 Questions and Answers on Vatican II 10002:, City: Saint Anthony Messenger Press, 9711: 9638: 9183: 9177: 7490: 7366: 6296: 6164: 5947: 5842:Stransky, T. The Vatican Council 1962. 5730: 5490:(Speech) (in Italian). 25 January 1959. 5097: 4438: 2821:Appendix 3: On the promotion of culture 2755:Schema on the Renewal of Religious Life 2074: 2047: 1506:for the whole duration of the council. 1063:The source for the second statement is 14: 15972:Religious organisations based in Italy 15942:Catholic Church councils held in Italy 15899: 11305: 10179: 10095: 10024: 9953:. Typis polyglottis Vaticani. 1970–91. 9905: 9639:Esteves, Junno Arocho (4 April 2017). 9550: 9546: 9544: 7372: 6843:"Women in the Church since Vatican II" 6484: 6475: 6013: 5987:Alberigo, "IV, The External Climate", 5926: 5568: 5466: 4788:contemporary Catholic liturgical music 4685:Some changes resulting from Vatican II 4495:Vatican II was a record-breaking event 3034:Schemas: Religious Freedom, Revelation 2818:Appendix 2: On marriage and the family 2408: 1699:(Netherlands), the senior Dutch bishop 15937:20th-century Catholic Church councils 14777: 14262: 12987: 10905: 10244: 10122: 9659: 9573: 9488:O'Malley, John W. (11 October 2012). 8970: 7932: 7854: 7801: 7541: 7463: 7439: 7420: 6857:"Remembering the women of Vatican II" 6694: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5541: 5416: 4928:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen 4116:.) And since the true purpose of the 3134:The missionary activity of the Church 2707:Schema on the Apostolate of the Laity 2528: 1721:(Austria), the senior Austrian bishop 887:The reaction came in 1950. That year 136:(Venue of the Second Vatican Council) 15687: 10854: 10107:Theological Highlights of Vatican II 9808:Vatican II: The Myth and the Reality 9001: 5986: 5879:. Città del Vaticano, 1963, p. 109. 5877:L'attività della Santa Sede nel 1962 5041:For the new churches it recommended 4770:, the ability to celebrate the Mass 4442: 4373:towards his chosen people, the Jews. 3226:, on the pastoral office of bishops 2697: 2601: 1885: 1865:(later Pope Benedict XVI): official 1710:(Belgium), the senior Belgian bishop 1498:. Some notable theologians, such as 832: 801:, a declaration on religious freedom 733:on "the universal call to holiness" 29: 15952:Catholic Church ecumenical councils 13879:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 10931: 10884: 9829: 9742:Translation of the Italian text at 9567:"Pope Paul VI – Ministeria Quaedam" 9551:Murray, John Courtney, ed. (1966). 9541: 4938:Authority of the council's teaching 4636:The condemnation of anti-Semitism ( 4574:The Church defined as People of God 4528:Its impact on the Church was huge: 4301:advances in the Church's teaching. 3895:Dogmatic Constitution on the Church 3205: 3018:The very next day, the Pope issued 1688:(Germany), the senior German bishop 731:Dogmatic Constitution on the Church 24: 13434:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 9908:, p. 563, Vatican Council II. 9856: 9781:. Home.comcast.net. Archived from 8393:. Vol. IV/7. pp. 859–60. 8291:. Vol. III/8. pp. 636–7. 5929:, p. 563, Vatican Council II. 5896:. Madrid, Rialp, 2007, pp. 48–49. 5736: 5283: 5149:, council father as Albino Luciani 5073:Bishop Albino Luciani, the future 4903:over the consecration of bishops ( 4559:Key Developments due to Vatican II 3756:Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy 1677:(France), the senior French bishop 1060:without any indication of source. 1009:in Rome came as a surprise to the 779:Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy 27:Roman Catholic council (1962–1965) 25: 15993: 15533:Postage stamps and postal history 10225: 9881:"Introduction to The Open Church" 9660:Casey, Paul M.D (28 April 2023). 9490:"Opening the Church to the World" 9406:(motu proprio), Rome, IT: Vatican 9031:. Liturgical Press. p. 140. 8342:. Vol. II/6. pp. 408–9. 6099:"1962 The Second Vatican Council" 5911:Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia 5508:. 25 January 2019. Archived from 5079:Bishop Karol Wojtyła, who became 4668:The restoration of concelebration 4424:The Means of Social Communication 3868:Chapters 4 to 7 provide that the 2580:5. The Universal Call to Holiness 2173: 2009: 1752:archbishop of Munich and Freising 1186:Discipline of Clergy and Faithful 809:, a decree on Christian ecumenism 15879: 15867: 15674:Philatelic and Numismatic Office 14683:State church of the Roman Empire 14241: 14229: 13560:Fourth Council of Constantinople 13515:Second Council of Constantinople 12968: 12967: 12956: 12924:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 12472:Criticism of the Catholic Church 10883: 10874: 10873: 10864: 10863: 10853: 10835: 10823: 10166:, Crossroad Publishing Company, 9929: 9923: 9873: 9850: 9823: 9812: 9797: 9771: 9758: 9749: 9736: 9705: 9674: 9653: 9632: 9612: 9598: 9423: 9390: 9365: 9356: 9335: 9223: 9199: 9162: 8922: 8740: 8691: 8666: 8641: 8635: 8606: 8581: 8556: 8531: 8522: 8493: 8462: 7484: 7352: 6863: 5427:. New York: Image. p. 337. 5236: 5195: 5108:or official observer, have been 4855: 4764:Eucharistic (liturgical) prayers 4447: 4135:The Ministry and Life of Priests 3174:The ministry and life of priests 2958: 2798:Chapter 1: On the human vocation 2651:"On the Jews and non-Christians" 1890: 957:relationship of faith and reason 837:Pope Pius XII's 1943 encyclical 632: 592:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42) 429: 122: 49:to read and navigate comfortably 34: 15932:1965 disestablishments in Italy 14514:First seven ecumenical councils 14378:First seven ecumenical councils 14298:First seven ecumenical councils 13530:Third Council of Constantinople 13454:First Council of Constantinople 11091:First seven ecumenical councils 10430:(Relations with non-Christians) 8274:. Vol. III/8. p. 653. 8012:. Vol. III/8. p. 782. 7987:. Vol. III/8. p. 407. 6526: 6437: 6116: 6091: 6019: 5980: 5903: 5886: 5870: 5853: 5836: 5788: 5683: 5634: 5622: 5613: 5604: 5595: 5586: 5535: 5494: 5478: 5211: 4382:Christian–Jewish reconciliation 3106:Pope Paul at the United Nations 2984:Ongoing revision of the schemas 2533:Following a remark by Cardinal 1708:archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels 1626:Congregation of the Holy Spirit 1537: 1308: 691:, was the 21st and most recent 51:. When this tag was added, its 15062:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena 14858:Vicar General for Vatican City 13769:Dissolution of the monasteries 13035:History of the Catholic Church 11666:Separation of church and state 10681:Central Preparatory Commission 10194:The Inside Story of Vatican II 9681:Chryssides, George D. (2011). 9006:. Penguin Adult. p. 322. 8410:. Vol. IV/4. p. 758. 8376:. Vol. IV/6. p. 780. 8359:. Vol. IV/4. p. 824. 8308:. Vol. IV/7. p. 105. 8257:. Vol. IV/6. p. 298. 8240:. Vol. IV/4. p. 171. 8223:. Vol. IV/5. p. 674. 8194:. Vol. IV/4. p. 392. 8177:. Vol. IV/7. p. 615. 8160:. Vol. IV/5. p. 673. 8143:. Vol. IV/3. p. 634. 8126:. Vol. IV/7. p. 860. 8101:. Vol. IV/7. p. 641. 8084:. Vol. II/6. p. 407. 8067:. Vol. II/5. p. 767. 8050:. Vol. IV/6. p. 687. 8029:. Vol. IV/5. p. 753. 7491:Paul VI (September 15, 1965). 5913:, vol. 21, pp. 135–155, 2012. 5453: 5392: 5367: 5342: 5318: 5277: 4723:with other religions, and the 4081:The Pastoral Office of Bishops 3907:Ecclesiology (Catholic Church) 3415:Date of approval of final text 3293: 2936:Decree on the Eastern Churches 2733:Schema on the Eastern Churches 2337:The Universal Call to Holiness 2125:, the secretary of state, and 2024:3. Sacraments and sacramentals 1974: 1950: 1296:Central Preparatory Commission 1119: 972:At the same time, the world's 945:Italian Army's entry into Rome 13: 1: 15019:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 14915:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 13643:Fourth Council of the Lateran 13618:Second Council of the Lateran 13227:Apostles in the New Testament 10738:Catholic Church and ecumenism 10720:Coetus Internationalis Patrum 9973:A Brief History of Vatican II 9712:Pasulka, Diana Walsh (2015). 8724:"Aggiornamento of Vatican II" 8325:. Vol. II/6. p. 49. 6873:. 7 June 2016. Archived from 5973:Ubi Eucharistia, ibi Ecclesia 5951:Christianity: An Introduction 5825:of Buenos Aires (Argentina), 5265: 4932:Institute Mater Boni Consilii 4868:reprint from its 1884 edition 4231:The Eastern Catholic Churches 2773:Schema on Christian Education 2322:(the "sense of the faithful") 1665:Melkite Greek Catholic Church 1631:Coetus Internationalis Patrum 1414:Gregorio Pietro XV Agagianian 1265:Modern Means of Communication 994:Announcement and expectations 980: 827: 237:Documents and statements 15927:1962 establishments in Italy 15313:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 13757:Catholic Counter-Reformation 13623:Third Council of the Lateran 13613:First Council of the Lateran 13069:Catholic ecumenical councils 10676:Catholic ecumenical councils 10182:Vatican II. Première session 10162:Vorgrimler, Herbert (1989), 8620:. 2002-10-07. Archived from 8507:. 2016-04-27. Archived from 5691:"Vatican II: 40 years later" 5423:Bokenkotter, Thomas (2005). 5270: 5248:Our Mother of Perpetual Help 5132:, second pope of the council 5043:adaptation to local cultures 3849:is to be restored for adult 3424:Vote preceding promulgation 3005: 2975:The previous September, the 2922:The End of the Third Session 2764:Schema on Priestly Formation 2568:1. The Mystery of the Church 2546: 2439:The End of the Second Period 2234:1. The Mystery of the Church 1915:Knowledge's inclusion policy 1273:Promotion of Christian Unity 754:On Eastern Catholic Churches 515:Constantinople III (680–681) 7: 15957:Organisations based in Rome 15702:Vatican Information Service 15542:Secretariat for the Economy 15398:Cardinal Secretary of State 15140:Modern and Contemporary Art 10527:Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni 10371:(Renewal of Religious Life) 10148:, New York: Paulist Press, 10077:What Happened at Vatican II 9998:Hahnenberg, Edward (2007), 9971:Alberigo, Giuseppe (2006), 9830:Zen, Joseph (28 May 2024). 8749:Toronto Journal of Theology 5799:Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni 4920:materially but not formally 4260:along with the much larger 4219:The Apostolate of the Laity 4053:("Joy and Hope"), built on 3111:attracted world attention. 2497:Pilgrimage to the Holy Land 2021:2. The Eucharistic Mystery 1018:Cardinal Secretary of State 743:The Apostolate of the Laity 525:Constantinople IV (869–870) 61:content into sub-articles, 10: 15998: 15832:Amateur Sports Association 15276:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 15203:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 13103:History of the Roman Curia 12963:Catholic Church portal 10805:Palmarian Christian Church 10795:Traditionalist Catholicism 10615:Arcadio Larraona Saralegui 10610:Gregorio Pietro Agagianian 10562:Bernardus Johannes Alfrink 10491:Gregorio Pietro Agagianian 10320:(The Church and the World) 10142:Sullivan, Maureen (2002), 10109:. New York: Paulist Press. 10105:Ratzinger, Joseph (2009). 9943: 9646:National Catholic Register 9373:National Catholic Reporter 9173:. pp. 1–136, at p. 1. 8528:Novo Millenio Ineunte (30) 5991:, vol. 1, p. 404 5813:of Utrecht (Netherlands), 5811:Bernardus Johannes Alfrink 5696:National Catholic Register 5506:international.la-croix.com 5379:europe-southwest.c-b-f.org 4987:"The Spirit of Vatican II" 4879:Traditionalist Catholicism 4876: 4844: 4766:, the abbreviation of the 4756:communion under both kinds 4725:universal call to holiness 4688: 4379: 4042: 4029:communion under both kinds 3984: 3941:, in his apostolic letter 3931:universal call to holiness 3904: 3898: 3853:(SC 64); the link between 3836:communion under both kinds 3780:Virgin of Hope of Macarena 3759: 3252:Voting on the last schemas 2928:Constitution on the Church 2199: 1624:: superior-general of the 1129:Antepreparatory Commission 1070:Once the officials of the 857: 15862: 15824: 15794: 15776: 15724:Vatican Television Center 15596: 15587: 15555: 15503: 15494: 15461: 15409: 15382: 15344: 15335: 15242:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery 15120: 15031: 14956: 14952: 14943: 14866: 14815: 14749: 14731:Conference of Addis Ababa 14646: 14599: 14544: 14499: 14365: 14296: 14224: 14124: 13990: 13917: 13852: 13839:European wars of religion 13736: 13671: 13573: 13495: 13386: 13309: 13169: 13158: 13150:Eastern Catholic Churches 13025: 12951: 12889:Aid to the Church in Need 12879: 12736: 12549: 12510:Vatican Television Center 12485: 12395: 12285: 12155:Eastern Catholic Churches 12136: 12025: 11918: 11865: 11790: 11761: 11686: 11611: 11546: 11491: 11410: 11280: 11194: 11126: 11071: 10990: 10967: 10939: 10818: 10787: 10751: 10668: 10633: 10590:Amleto Giovanni Cicognani 10570: 10509: 10478: 10457: 10450: 10411: 10328: 10285: 10278: 10032:New Catholic Encyclopedia 5989:The History of Vatican II 5049: 4460:overly lengthy quotations 4241:Eastern Catholic Churches 3220:, on Christian Education 2346:Schema on the Virgin Mary 2252:The Mystery of the Church 2033:6. Liturgical Furnishings 1882:Chronology of the council 1375:Amleto Giovanni Cicognani 1202:Eastern Catholic Churches 963:in his encyclical letter 903:Index of Prohibited Books 417: 401:(Non-Christian Religions) 356:(Apostolate of the Laity) 235: 227: 219: 200: 190: 177: 167: 144: 121: 92: 15736:Vatican Publishing House 15041:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 14893:Old St. Peter's Basilica 14548:Oriental Orthodox Church 13970:Mary of the Divine Heart 13593:Clash against the empire 13545:Second Council of Nicaea 13439:Old St. Peter's Basilica 12831:Communion and Liberation 12295:Eastern Catholic liturgy 11460:Mystici Corporis Christi 11388:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 10595:Benedetto Aloisi Masella 10385:Apostolicam actuositatem 10180:Wenger, Antoine (1963). 10061:Laurentin, René (1962). 9002:Ware, Kallistos (1993). 8545:(in Italian). 2013-04-15 7493:"Apostolica sollicitudo" 6049:, pp. 114–118, 121. 5954:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 5948:Kennedy, Philip (2011). 5892:Herranz-Casado, Julián. 5286:"Second Vatican Council" 5188: 4563:According to theologian 4524:Importance of Vatican II 4467:summarize the quotations 4224:Apostolicam actuositatem 4205:societies of common life 4008:, scholars suspected of 3394:Documents of the council 3315:The Council's Final Days 3287:Apostolicam actuositatem 2971:First liturgical changes 2913:Nota explicativa praevia 2515:Encyclical on the Church 2477:Benedetto Aloisi Masella 1382:Benedetto Aloisi Masella 1218:Discipline of Sacraments 738:Apostolicam actuositatem 679:, commonly known as the 352:Apostolicam actuositatem 15874:Vatican City portal 15286:Via della Conciliazione 14882:Prisoner in the Vatican 14723:Synod of Constantinople 14504:Eastern Orthodox Church 14236:Vatican City portal 13588:Investiture Controversy 13444:First Council of Nicaea 11646:Philosophy of canon law 11576:Mariology of the saints 11156:Investiture Controversy 10842:Vatican City portal 10420:Gravissimum educationis 10345:Orientalium Ecclesiarum 10025:Heraty, J, ed. (1967), 10020:. SPCK. pp. 56–67. 9720:Oxford University Press 9625:Encyclopædia Britannica 9522:Oxford University Press 9341:See O'Malley 2008, p. 5 5545:History of Christianity 5250:and the celebration of 5219:Russian Orthodox Church 4897:Society of Saint Pius X 4873:Validity of the Council 4792:Christian denominations 4717:Christian denominations 4613:Orientalium Ecclesiarum 4285:Gravissimum educationis 4274:Eastern Orthodox Church 4236:Orientalium Ecclesiarum 4033:Christian denominations 4022:, reached back "behind 3991:The council's document 3778:after the council. The 3698:Non-Christian Religions 3494:Church and Modern World 3232:, on Priestly Training 3223:Gravissimum educationis 3196:Sacerdotalis caelibatus 3162:Non-Christian religions 2506:Revision of the schemas 2099:End of the First Period 1318:Appropinquante concilio 1242:Apostolate of the Laity 1149:Preparatory Commissions 840:Divino afflante spiritu 749:Orientalium Ecclesiarum 510:Constantinople II (553) 387:Gravissimum educationis 326:(Bishops in the Church) 302:Orientalium Ecclesiarum 15907:Second Vatican Council 15886:Catholicism portal 15848:National football team 15842:National football team 15742:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 15434:For Vatican City State 14248:Catholicism portal 14059:Second Vatican Council 13945:Our Lady of La Salette 13752:Protestant Reformation 13739:Protestant Reformation 13658:Second Council of Lyon 13047:Ecclesiastical history 12899:Catholic Charities USA 12533:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 12521:Vatican Polyglot Press 11571:Mariology of the popes 11209:Protestant Reformation 10830:Catholicism portal 10379:(Formation of Priests) 10353:Unitatis redintegratio 10294:Sacrosanctum concilium 10272:Second Vatican Council 10123:Rynne, Xavier (1999). 9555:. New York: Macmillan. 8614:"Anniversary Thoughts" 7375:, pp. XIV:566–567 6016:, p. 168, note 4. 5809:of Cologne (Germany), 5047: 5031: 5010:In contrast, academic 4984: 4957: 4869: 4780: 4772: 4617:Unitatis Redintegratio 4556: 4375: 4322:Unitatis redintegratio 4177: 4071: 3969: 3913: 3828:prayer of the faithful 3788:Sacrosanctum Concilium 3783: 3762:Sacrosanctum Concilium 3407:Approval of documents 3020:Apostolica sollicitudo 2955: 2488: 2446:Sacrosanctum Concilium 2133:of Mechelen-Brussels, 2030:5. The Liturgical Year 2002: 1968: 1741:archbishop of Montreal 1586:and consultor for the 1534: 1226:Studies and Seminaries 1162:Preparatory Commission 1112: 1109:apostolic constitution 1098:and the reform of the 990: 953:theology of the papacy 806:Unitatis redintegratio 774:Sacrosanctum concilium 697:Saint Peter's Basilica 682:Second Vatican Council 639:Catholicism portal 484:Constantinople I (381) 405: 395: 385: 370: 360: 350: 340: 330: 320: 312:Unitatis redintegratio 310: 300: 290: 275: 265: 255: 247:Sacrosanctum Concilium 245: 132:Saint Peter's Basilica 103: 15922:1960s in Vatican City 15912:1960s in Christianity 15697:Holy See Press Office 15482:Corps of Firefighters 15257:Paul VI Audience Hall 15208:Domus Sanctae Marthae 14980:St. Peter's Baldachin 14910:Cortile del Belvedere 14876:History of the papacy 13955:First Vatican Council 13653:First Council of Lyon 13417:Constantine the Great 13113:Christian monasticism 12653:Good Shepherd Sisters 12495:Holy See Press Office 11733:Doctors of the Church 11566:Immaculate Conception 11521:Anointing of the Sick 11056:History of the papacy 10769:Pact of the catacombs 10699:Gaudet Mater Ecclesia 10634:Other council leaders 10510:Council of Presidents 10422:(Christian Education) 10401:Presbyterorum ordinis 10218:History of Vatican II 10116:History of Vatican II 10098:History of Vatican II 9991:History of Vatican II 9964:History of Vatican II 9838:(in Chinese (Taiwan)) 5833:of Sydney (Australia) 5829:of New York (US) and 5039: 5016: 4979: 4948: 4863: 4823:instituted ministries 4624:Presbyterorum Ordinis 4551: 4370: 4175: 4140:Presbyterorum ordinis 3959: 3863:anointing of the sick 3821:Chapter 2: Mass. The 3769: 3375:Patriarch Athenagoras 3351:Presbyterorum ordinis 2953: 2583:6. The Religious Life 2461: 2027:4. The Divine Office 2018:1. General Principles 1994: 1963: 1958:Gaudet Mater Ecclesia 1765:Marie-Dominique Chenu 1730:archbishop of Bologna 1697:archbishop of Utrecht 1686:archbishop of Cologne 1546:In addition to popes 1524: 1400:Ildebrando Antoniutti 1398:: president Cardinal 1330:General Congregations 1116:on 25 December 1961. 988: 941:First Vatican Council 882:la nouvelle théologie 372:Presbyterorum ordinis 184:First Vatican Council 15758:L'Osservatore Romano 15667:Sistine Chapel Choir 15471:Corps of Gendarmerie 15296:Porta San Pellegrino 15247:Sant'Egidio in Borgo 14975:Chair of Saint Peter 14967:St. Peter's Basilica 14935:Piazza Scossacavalli 14739:Pan-Orthodox Council 14132:Sexual abuse scandal 14041:Mit brennender Sorge 13884:Age of Enlightenment 13663:Bernard of Clairvaux 13540:Byzantine Iconoclasm 13479:Council of Chalcedon 13259:Council of Jerusalem 13128:Role in civilization 13108:Religious institutes 13040:By country or region 12526:L'Osservatore Romano 12464:Role in civilisation 12190:Croatian and Serbian 11938:Episcopal conference 11900:St. Peter's Basilica 11258:Sexual abuse scandal 11214:Catholic Reformation 10764:Spirit of Vatican II 10542:Enrique Pla y Deniel 10027:"Vatican Council II" 9667:Catholic Family News 5819:Enrique Pla y Deniel 5817:of Palermo (Italy), 5717:on February 8, 2006. 5231:Ecumenical Patriarch 5098:Saints of Vatican II 4864:An illustrated 1911 4805:John Courtney Murray 4439:Impact of Vatican II 4201:religious institutes 4176:pre-Vatican II habit 4129:episcopal conference 4016:and, in a spirit of 3924:Light of the Nations 3874:Liturgy of the Hours 3421:Date of promulgation 3308:Patriarch Maximos IV 2673:Schema on Revelation 2571:2. The People of God 2560:Schema on the Church 2240:3. The People of God 2225:Schema on the Church 2086:Edward Schillebeeckx 2075:Schema on the Church 2048:Schema on revelation 1849:Edward Schillebeeckx 1821:John Courtney Murray 1719:archbishop of Vienna 1500:Edward Schillebeeckx 1320:, of 6 August 1962. 1178:Bishops and Dioceses 623:Vatican II (1962–65) 380:Three declarations: 241:Four constitutions: 15749:Annuario Pontificio 15601:Academy of Sciences 15160:Gregoriano Egiziano 14636:Synod of Beth Lapat 14290:Ecumenical councils 13960:Papal infallibility 13950:Our Lady of Lourdes 13899:Shimabara Rebellion 13743:Counter-Reformation 12861:Neocatechumenal Way 12826:Charismatic Renewal 12540:Annuario Pontificio 12138:Particular churches 11814:Ecumenical councils 11586:Perpetual virginity 11421:Communitas perfecta 11365:Sermon on the Mount 10571:Cardinal Presidents 10438:(Religious Liberty) 10387:(Role of the Laity) 10347:(Eastern Catholics) 10312:(Divine Revelation) 10184:. Paris: Centurion. 10065:. Paris: Centurion. 9934:(documentary), EWTN 9628:. 25 November 2023. 9272:, pp. 151–153. 9211:www.jcrelations.net 9159:, pp. 160–161. 9147:, pp. 159–160. 9135:, pp. 156–158. 9111:, pp. 117–118. 9054:, pp. 113–114. 9004:The Orthodox Church 8992:, pp. 110–111. 8973:, pp. 534–535. 8949:, pp. 142–143. 7959:, pp. 288–289. 7935:, pp. 571–572. 7908:, pp. 286–287. 7881:, pp. 281–282. 7857:, pp. 536–544. 7845:, pp. 284–285. 7833:, pp. 279–280. 7804:, pp. 532–535. 7780:, pp. 271–272. 7768:, pp. 272–273. 7744:, pp. 275–276. 7720:, pp. 269–270. 7696:, pp. 262–263. 7648:, pp. 261–262. 7624:, pp. 260–261. 7597:, pp. 267–268. 7568:, pp. 278–279. 7454:, pp. 249–251. 7442:, pp. 448–449. 7423:, pp. 443–444. 7399:, pp. 247–248. 7310:, pp. 241–242. 7274:, pp. 236–237. 7262:, pp. 234–235. 7250:, pp. 235–236. 7193:, pp. 238–239. 7120:, pp. 227–228. 7096:, pp. 224–226. 7033:, pp. 217–218. 6997:, pp. 214–215. 6946:, pp. 208–209. 6934:, pp. 207–208. 6910:, pp. 206–207. 6832:, pp. 203–204. 6820:, pp. 202–203. 6808:, pp. 201–202. 6796:, pp. 200–201. 6784:, pp. 199–200. 6748:, pp. 196–197. 6709:, pp. 192–193. 6697:, pp. 221–223. 6685:, pp. 190–191. 6625:, pp. 180–185. 6613:, pp. 179–180. 6499:, pp. 167–170. 6487:, pp. 565–566. 6472:, pp. 166–167. 6451:. Rome, IT: Vatican 6422:, pp. 164–165. 6410:, pp. 161–165. 6275:, pp. 150–152. 6263:, pp. 149–150. 6215:, pp. 132–133. 6061:, pp. 119–120. 6037:, pp. 108–114. 5821:of Toledo (Spain), 5805:of Lille (France), 5356:. 18 September 1993 5354:americamagazine.org 5203:Christianity portal 5153:Álvaro del Portillo 4905:Écône consecrations 4768:liturgical calendar 4754:, the allowance of 4721:interfaith dialogue 4715:efforts with other 4280:Christian Education 4258:particular Churches 4186:Perfectae Caritatis 4014:Counter-Reformation 3776:Liturgical Calendar 3736:Christian Education 3408: 3217:Perfectae caritatis 3153:Christian education 2932:Decree on Ecumenism 2638:Archbishop Lefebvre 2409:Schema on Ecumenism 1663:: patriarch of the 1653:: president of the 1582:: professor at the 1567:: secretary of the 1502:, remained private 949:Italian unification 618:Vatican I (1869–70) 610:19th–20th centuries 597:Lateran V (1512–17) 587:Constance (1414–18) 579:15th–16th centuries 533:12th–14th centuries 448:Ecumenical councils 411:(Religious Freedom) 376:(Priestly Ministry) 346:(Priestly Training) 332:Perfectae caritatis 271:(Divine Revelation) 53:readable prose size 15513:Vatican euro coins 15308:Saint John's Tower 15281:St. Peter's Square 15230:Collegio Teutonico 15213:Holy Spirit Chapel 15175:Bramante Staircase 15155:Gregoriano Etrusco 14997:Saint Peter's tomb 14992:Vatican Necropolis 14851:List of sovereigns 14715:Synod of Jerusalem 14628:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 14603:Church of the East 14347:Constantinople III 14005:Our Lady of Fátima 13794:Ignatius of Loyola 13718:Catherine of Siena 13686:Pope Boniface VIII 13505:Benedict of Nursia 13474:Council of Ephesus 13311:Ante-Nicene period 13264:Split with Judaism 13098:Crusading movement 12698:Premonstratensians 11081:Ante-Nicene period 10959:Lists of Catholics 10713:Nouvelle théologie 10486:Leo Joseph Suenens 10436:Dignitatis humanae 10369:Perfectae cartatis 10125:Vatican Council II 10063:L'enjeu du concile 9930:Keck, Doug (ed.), 9495:The New York Times 9245:Syllabus of Errors 6859:. 12 October 2012. 6845:. 1 November 1986. 5290:Catholic Hierarchy 5119:Canonized saints: 4966:, in force in the 4870: 4819:Ministeria Quaedam 4800:Dignitatis humanae 4762:, the revision of 4631:Dignitatis humanae 4413:Dignitatis humanae 4396:Dignitatis humanae 4393:– The declaration 4354:– The declaration 4282:– The declaration 4209:secular institutes 4178: 4059:signs of the times 3970: 3784: 3558:Priestly Formation 3418:Vote on final text 3406: 3363:Dignitatis humanae 2956: 2664:Papal Intervention 2589:8. The Virgin Mary 2529:Women lay auditors 2489: 2003: 1535: 1003:ecumenical council 991: 899:nouvelle théologie 860:Nouvelle théologie 853:Nouvelle théologie 798:Dignitatis humanae 693:ecumenical council 551:Lateran III (1179) 407:Dignitatis humanae 366:(Mission Activity) 306:(The Eastern Rite) 281:(The Modern World) 99:Ecumenical Council 18:Vatican Council II 15894: 15893: 15854:Vatican Athletics 15820: 15819: 15772: 15771: 15628:Apostolic Archive 15583: 15582: 15490: 15489: 15353:Foreign relations 15331: 15330: 15303:Ricciolo d'Italia 15271:Passetto di Borgo 15235:Teutonic Cemetery 15188: 15187: 15046:Borgia Apartments 15027: 15026: 15007:Tomb of the Julii 14771: 14770: 14699:Quinisext Council 14600:Recognized by the 14545:Recognized by the 14522:Constantinople IV 14500:Recognized by the 14385:Constantinople IV 14367:Recognized by the 14339:Constantinople II 14256: 14255: 14216:COVID-19 pandemic 14194:Pope Benedict XVI 14099:Pope John Paul II 13874:Pope Benedict XIV 13860:French Revolution 13844:Thirty Years' War 13834:Robert Bellarmine 13819:John of the Cross 13723:Pope Alexander VI 13708:Council of Vienne 13638:Francis of Assisi 13628:Pope Innocent III 13497:Early Middle Ages 13491: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13429:Arian controversy 13382: 13381: 13330:Apostolic Fathers 12981: 12980: 12391: 12390: 11784: 11607: 11606: 11299: 11276: 11275: 11268:COVID-19 pandemic 11238:French Revolution 11228:Thirty Years' War 11136:Islamic conquests 11049:Apostolic fathers 10984: 10899: 10898: 10693:Sign of the times 10664: 10663: 10620:Giuseppe Pizzardo 10580:Alfredo Ottaviani 10446: 10445: 10403:(Role of Priests) 10363:(Role of Bishops) 10203:978-0-89555-186-3 10190:Wiltgen, Ralph M. 10173:978-0-8245-0979-8 10088:978-0-674-04749-5 10071:O'Malley, John W. 10046:978-0-07-010235-4 10009:978-0-86716-552-4 9819:2 Corinthians 3:6 9729:978-0-19-538202-0 9698:978-0-8108-7967-6 9620:"Marcel Lefebvre" 9591:978-0-8091-4951-3 9584:. Paulist Press. 9531:978-0-19-969402-0 9398:Ratzinger, Joseph 9038:978-0-8146-8340-8 9013:978-0-14-014656-1 8871:, pp. 97–98. 8835:, pp. 92–93. 8823:, pp. 91–92. 8761:10.3138/tjt.4202a 8728:vatican2voice.org 8459:, pp. 20–21. 8435:, pp. 19–20. 8423:, pp. 17–19. 6449:Code of Canon Law 6287:, pp. 27–29. 6079:vatican2voice.org 5965:978-1-84885-383-6 5680:, pp. 23–25. 5555:978-0-521-81500-0 5404:vatican2voice.org 5381:. 11 October 2018 5284:Cheney, David M. 5252:Friday of Sorrows 5165:Process ongoing: 5159:Enrique Angelelli 4974:Code of Canon Law 4963:Code of Canon Law 4901:Pope John Paul II 4746:languages in the 4732:Pope Benedict XVI 4492: 4491: 4391:Religious Freedom 4147:Priestly Training 3943:Evangelii Gaudium 3772:Friday of Sorrows 3770:The abolition of 3753: 3752: 3717:Religious Freedom 3539:Priestly Ministry 3373:by Pope Paul and 3371:Joint Declaration 3039:Religious Freedom 2888:Religious Freedom 2698:Seven New Schemas 2619:Religious Freedom 2602:Schema on Bishops 2472:(left), Cardinal 2470:Alfredo Ottaviani 2305:The People of God 1943: 1942: 1935: 1704:Leo Jozef Suenens 1693:Bernardus Alfrink 1661:Maximos IV Sayegh 1565:Alfredo Ottaviani 1421:Giuseppe Pizzardo 1361:Alfredo Ottaviani 1302:Code of Canon Law 1280: 1279: 1249: 1248: 1029:Alfredo Ottaviani 866:neo-scholasticism 833:Biblical movement 673: 672: 556:Lateran IV (1215) 546:Lateran II (1139) 502:6th–9th centuries 471:4th–5th centuries 424: 423: 156:– 8 December 1965 88: 87: 55:was 18,000 words. 16:(Redirected from 15989: 15884: 15883: 15872: 15871: 15870: 15731:Vatican News App 15685: 15684: 15594: 15593: 15501: 15500: 15424:Apostolic Camera 15342: 15341: 15318:Vatican Pharmacy 15263:The Resurrection 15080:Niccoline Chapel 15070:Cappella Paolina 15056:Papal apartments 15033:Apostolic Palace 15014:Vatican Grottoes 14963: 14962: 14954: 14953: 14950: 14949: 14798: 14791: 14784: 14775: 14774: 14762: 14759: 14742: 14734: 14726: 14718: 14710: 14702: 14694: 14678: 14666: 14639: 14631: 14623: 14620:Constantinople I 14615: 14592: 14584: 14576: 14568: 14565:Constantinople I 14560: 14537: 14533:Constantinople V 14527: 14516: 14506: 14492: 14484: 14476: 14468: 14460: 14452: 14444: 14436: 14428: 14420: 14412: 14404: 14396: 14388: 14380: 14358: 14350: 14342: 14334: 14326: 14318: 14315:Constantinople I 14310: 14283: 14276: 14269: 14260: 14259: 14246: 14245: 14234: 14233: 14232: 14211:Patriarch Kirill 14084:Pope John Paul I 13889:Anti-clericalism 13869:Pope Innocent XI 13789:Society of Jesus 13774:Council of Trent 13728:Age of Discovery 13673:Late Middle Ages 13575:High Middle Ages 13565:East–West Schism 13449:Pope Sylvester I 13395: 13394: 13384: 13383: 13294:General epistles 13289:Pauline epistles 13222:John the Baptist 13205:Great Commission 13167: 13166: 13118:Catholic culture 13008: 13001: 12994: 12985: 12984: 12971: 12970: 12961: 12960: 12703:Redemptoristines 12551:Religious orders 12477:Anti-Catholicism 12427:Church buildings 12287:Catholic liturgy 12027:Consecrated life 11885:Apostolic Palace 11852:Synod of Bishops 11788: 11787: 11764: 11370:Ten Commandments 11303: 11302: 11285: 11186:Age of Discovery 11020:Great Commission 10988: 10987: 10972: 10926: 10919: 10912: 10903: 10902: 10887: 10886: 10877: 10876: 10867: 10866: 10857: 10856: 10840: 10839: 10838: 10828: 10827: 10651:Alberto di Jorio 10557:Antonio Caggiano 10537:Francis Spellman 10517:Eugène Tisserant 10455: 10454: 10361:Christus Dominus 10296:(Sacred Liturgy) 10283: 10282: 10265: 10258: 10251: 10242: 10241: 10221: 10208:Formerly titled 10207: 10185: 10176: 10158: 10138: 10119: 10110: 10101: 10092: 10080: 10066: 10057: 10021: 10012: 9994: 9985: 9967: 9954: 9937: 9935: 9927: 9921: 9915: 9909: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9877: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9866: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9827: 9821: 9816: 9810: 9801: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9775: 9769: 9762: 9756: 9753: 9747: 9740: 9734: 9733: 9709: 9703: 9702: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9657: 9651: 9650: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9616: 9610: 9609: 9602: 9596: 9595: 9577: 9571: 9570: 9563: 9557: 9556: 9548: 9539: 9538: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9461: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9409: 9407: 9394: 9388: 9382: 9376: 9369: 9363: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9261: 9255: 9249: 9230:Pope Gregory XVI 9227: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9203: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9124: 9118: 9112: 9106: 9100: 9094: 9085: 9079: 9070: 9064: 9055: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9024: 9018: 9017: 8999: 8993: 8987: 8981: 8980: 8968: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8937: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8800: 8799:, pp. 80–1. 8794: 8788: 8782: 8773: 8772: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8720: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8710: 8703:America Magazine 8695: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8678:America Magazine 8670: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8653:America Magazine 8645: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8618:America Magazine 8610: 8604: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8593:America Magazine 8585: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8568:America Magazine 8560: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8550: 8535: 8529: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8516: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8481: 8475:. Archived from 8474: 8466: 8460: 8454: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8404: 8395: 8394: 8387: 8378: 8377: 8370: 8361: 8360: 8353: 8344: 8343: 8336: 8327: 8326: 8319: 8310: 8309: 8302: 8293: 8292: 8285: 8276: 8275: 8268: 8259: 8258: 8251: 8242: 8241: 8234: 8225: 8224: 8217: 8196: 8195: 8188: 8179: 8178: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8137: 8128: 8127: 8120: 8103: 8102: 8095: 8086: 8085: 8078: 8069: 8068: 8061: 8052: 8051: 8044: 8031: 8030: 8023: 8014: 8013: 8006: 7989: 7988: 7981: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7909: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7805: 7799: 7793: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7769: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7625: 7619: 7613: 7607: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7467: 7461: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7335: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7224: 7218: 7209: 7203: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7164: 7153: 7147: 7136: 7130: 7121: 7115: 7109: 7103: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7067: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 7004: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6839: 6833: 6827: 6821: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6731: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6563: 6557: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6372: 6366: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6071: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5945: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5907: 5901: 5890: 5884: 5874: 5868: 5857: 5851: 5840: 5834: 5827:Francis Spellman 5823:Antonio Caggiano 5795:Eugène Tisserant 5792: 5786: 5780: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5767: 5753: 5734: 5728: 5719: 5718: 5713:. Archived from 5707: 5701: 5700: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5620: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5602: 5599: 5593: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5558: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5464: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5281: 5259: 5240: 5234: 5215: 5205: 5200: 5199: 5178:, council father 5172:, council father 5161:, council father 5155:, council father 5035:John W. O'Malley 4924:sedeprivationism 4887:Sedeprivationism 4809:John L. McKenzie 4785: 4777: 4705:consecrated life 4540:Council of Trent 4487: 4484: 4478: 4451: 4450: 4443: 4305:Mission Activity 4114:Synod of bishops 4086:Christus Dominus 4076: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3615:Eastern Churches 3409: 3405: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3229:Christus Dominus 3206:A change of pace 3148: 3147: 3143: 3028:Synod of Bishops 2870: 2869: 2865: 2382:Joseph Ratzinger 2145:of New York and 1938: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1863:Joseph Ratzinger 1855: 1841: 1827: 1813: 1799: 1785: 1771: 1737:Paul-Émile Léger 1652: 1623: 1608:: archbishop of 1597:: archbishop of 1581: 1488:Joseph Ratzinger 1407:Arcadio Larraona 1254: 1253: 1159: 1158: 1115: 1021:Domenico Tardini 931: 922: 913: 690: 684: 665: 658: 651: 637: 636: 571:Vienne (1311–12) 541:Lateran I (1123) 463: 433: 426: 425: 410: 400: 390: 375: 365: 355: 345: 336:(Religious Life) 335: 325: 322:Christus Dominus 315: 305: 295: 280: 270: 260: 251:(Sacred Liturgy) 250: 191:Convoked by 179:Previous council 168:Accepted by 163: 161: 155: 153: 126: 114: 106: 90: 89: 83: 80: 74: 38: 37: 30: 21: 15997: 15996: 15992: 15991: 15990: 15988: 15987: 15986: 15962:Pope John XXIII 15897: 15896: 15895: 15890: 15878: 15868: 15866: 15858: 15816: 15790: 15786:Catholic Church 15768: 15683: 15679:Public holidays 15579: 15551: 15486: 15457: 15405: 15378: 15373:Fundamental Law 15327: 15193:Gregorian Tower 15184: 15122:Vatican Museums 15116: 15051:Clementine Hall 15023: 14939: 14862: 14811: 14802: 14772: 14767: 14766: 14765: 14760: 14756: 14745: 14737: 14729: 14721: 14713: 14705: 14697: 14681: 14669: 14653: 14642: 14634: 14626: 14618: 14610: 14601: 14595: 14587: 14579: 14571: 14563: 14555: 14546: 14540: 14530: 14519: 14512: 14502: 14501: 14495: 14487: 14479: 14471: 14463: 14455: 14447: 14439: 14431: 14423: 14415: 14407: 14399: 14391: 14383: 14376: 14369:Catholic Church 14368: 14361: 14353: 14345: 14337: 14329: 14321: 14313: 14305: 14292: 14287: 14257: 14252: 14240: 14230: 14228: 14220: 14142:World Youth Day 14120: 14109:World Youth Day 14053:Pacem in terris 14047:Pope John XXIII 13986: 13913: 13904:Edict of Nantes 13862: 13858: 13848: 13814:Teresa of Ávila 13809:Tridentine Mass 13745: 13741: 13732: 13713:Knights Templar 13667: 13569: 13525:Gregorian chant 13483: 13409: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13390: 13378: 13305: 13174: 13162: 13154: 13021: 13019:Catholic Church 13012: 12982: 12977: 12955: 12947: 12926: 12909:Relief Services 12875: 12821:Catholic Action 12811:Military orders 12748:Confraternities 12740:of the faithful 12739: 12732: 12554: 12545: 12481: 12387: 12281: 12140: 12132: 12065:Prior, Prioress 12021: 11914: 11910:Vatican Museums 11861: 11794: 11780: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11763: 11757: 11682: 11636:Social teaching 11603: 11542: 11487: 11442:One true church 11406: 11383:Sixtine Vulgate 11379:Official Bible 11293: 11289: 11284: 11272: 11190: 11122: 11067: 11037:Petrine primacy 10980: 10976: 10971: 10963: 10935: 10933:Catholic Church 10930: 10900: 10895: 10836: 10834: 10822: 10814: 10783: 10747: 10743:Mass of Paul VI 10660: 10629: 10572: 10566: 10552:Ernesto Ruffini 10522:Achille Liénart 10505: 10501:Giacomo Lercaro 10474: 10442: 10407: 10324: 10318:Gaudium et spes 10274: 10269: 10228: 10204: 10174: 10156: 10135: 10127:. Orbis Books. 10089: 10047: 10010: 9983: 9949: 9946: 9941: 9940: 9928: 9924: 9916: 9912: 9904: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9887:on 10 June 2011 9879: 9878: 9874: 9864: 9862: 9857:Gheddo, Piero. 9855: 9851: 9841: 9839: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9813: 9802: 9798: 9788: 9786: 9785:on 19 July 2012 9777: 9776: 9772: 9763: 9759: 9754: 9750: 9741: 9737: 9730: 9722:. p. 180. 9710: 9706: 9699: 9691:. p. 310. 9689:Scarecrow Press 9679: 9675: 9658: 9654: 9637: 9633: 9618: 9617: 9613: 9604: 9603: 9599: 9592: 9578: 9574: 9565: 9564: 9560: 9549: 9542: 9532: 9514: 9510: 9500: 9498: 9486: 9482: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9459: 9457: 9449: 9448: 9444: 9432:Gaudium et spes 9429: 9428: 9424: 9416: 9412: 9395: 9391: 9385:Hahnenberg 2007 9383: 9379: 9370: 9366: 9361: 9357: 9349: 9345: 9340: 9336: 9328: 9324: 9316: 9312: 9306:Hahnenberg 2007 9304: 9300: 9294:Hahnenberg 2007 9292: 9288: 9282:Hahnenberg 2007 9280: 9276: 9270:Hahnenberg 2007 9268: 9264: 9258:Hahnenberg 2007 9256: 9252: 9228: 9224: 9215: 9213: 9205: 9204: 9200: 9190: 9188: 9182: 9178: 9167: 9163: 9157:Hahnenberg 2007 9155: 9151: 9145:Hahnenberg 2007 9143: 9139: 9133:Hahnenberg 2007 9131: 9127: 9121:Hahnenberg 2007 9119: 9115: 9109:Hahnenberg 2007 9107: 9103: 9097:Hahnenberg 2007 9095: 9088: 9082:Hahnenberg 2007 9080: 9073: 9067:Hahnenberg 2007 9065: 9058: 9052:Hahnenberg 2007 9050: 9046: 9039: 9025: 9021: 9014: 9000: 8996: 8990:Hahnenberg 2007 8988: 8984: 8974: 8969: 8965: 8957: 8953: 8947:Hahnenberg 2007 8945: 8941: 8928: 8927: 8923: 8917:Hahnenberg 2007 8915: 8911: 8905:Hahnenberg 2007 8903: 8899: 8893:Hahnenberg 2007 8891: 8887: 8881:Hahnenberg 2007 8879: 8875: 8869:Hahnenberg 2007 8867: 8863: 8857:Hahnenberg 2007 8855: 8851: 8845:Hahnenberg 2007 8843: 8839: 8833:Hahnenberg 2007 8831: 8827: 8821:Hahnenberg 2007 8819: 8815: 8809:Hahnenberg 2007 8807: 8803: 8797:Hahnenberg 2007 8795: 8791: 8785:Hahnenberg 2007 8783: 8776: 8745: 8741: 8732: 8730: 8722: 8721: 8717: 8708: 8706: 8697: 8696: 8692: 8683: 8681: 8672: 8671: 8667: 8658: 8656: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8627: 8625: 8612: 8611: 8607: 8598: 8596: 8587: 8586: 8582: 8573: 8571: 8562: 8561: 8557: 8548: 8546: 8537: 8536: 8532: 8527: 8523: 8514: 8512: 8499: 8498: 8494: 8485: 8483: 8479: 8472: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8457:Hahnenberg 2007 8455: 8451: 8445:Hahnenberg 2007 8443: 8439: 8433:Hahnenberg 2007 8431: 8427: 8421:Hahnenberg 2007 8419: 8415: 8406: 8405: 8398: 8389: 8388: 8381: 8372: 8371: 8364: 8355: 8354: 8347: 8338: 8337: 8330: 8321: 8320: 8313: 8304: 8303: 8296: 8287: 8286: 8279: 8270: 8269: 8262: 8253: 8252: 8245: 8236: 8235: 8228: 8219: 8218: 8199: 8190: 8189: 8182: 8173: 8172: 8165: 8156: 8155: 8148: 8139: 8138: 8131: 8122: 8121: 8106: 8097: 8096: 8089: 8080: 8079: 8072: 8063: 8062: 8055: 8046: 8045: 8034: 8025: 8024: 8017: 8008: 8007: 7992: 7983: 7982: 7975: 7967: 7963: 7955: 7951: 7943: 7939: 7931: 7927: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7900: 7892: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7853: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7829: 7825: 7817: 7808: 7800: 7796: 7788: 7784: 7776: 7772: 7764: 7760: 7752: 7748: 7740: 7736: 7728: 7724: 7716: 7712: 7704: 7700: 7692: 7688: 7680: 7676: 7668: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7644: 7640: 7632: 7628: 7620: 7616: 7608: 7601: 7593: 7589: 7581: 7572: 7564: 7560: 7552: 7548: 7540: 7536: 7528: 7524: 7516: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7489: 7485: 7477: 7470: 7462: 7458: 7450: 7446: 7438: 7434: 7424: 7419: 7415: 7407: 7403: 7395: 7391: 7383: 7379: 7371: 7367: 7360:"Lumen gentium" 7358: 7357: 7353: 7345: 7338: 7330: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7306: 7302: 7294: 7290: 7282: 7278: 7270: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7227: 7219: 7212: 7204: 7197: 7189: 7185: 7177: 7173: 7165: 7156: 7148: 7139: 7131: 7124: 7116: 7112: 7104: 7100: 7092: 7088: 7080: 7076: 7068: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7041: 7037: 7029: 7025: 7017: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6993: 6989: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6950: 6942: 6938: 6930: 6926: 6918: 6914: 6906: 6902: 6894: 6890: 6880: 6878: 6877:on 26 July 2014 6869: 6868: 6864: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6841: 6840: 6836: 6828: 6824: 6816: 6812: 6804: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6768: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6732: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6705: 6701: 6693: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6669: 6665: 6657: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6633: 6629: 6621: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6573: 6566: 6558: 6551: 6542: 6540: 6532: 6531: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6430: 6426: 6418: 6414: 6406: 6402: 6394: 6390: 6382: 6375: 6367: 6363: 6355: 6351: 6345:Hahnenberg 2007 6343: 6339: 6331: 6327: 6319: 6315: 6307: 6303: 6295: 6291: 6285:Hahnenberg 2007 6283: 6279: 6271: 6267: 6259: 6255: 6247: 6243: 6237:Hahnenberg 2007 6235: 6231: 6223: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6199: 6195: 6187: 6183: 6175: 6171: 6163: 6156: 6150:Hahnenberg 2007 6148: 6144: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6117: 6108: 6106: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6083: 6081: 6073: 6072: 6065: 6057: 6053: 6045: 6041: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6012: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5985: 5981: 5966: 5946: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5908: 5904: 5891: 5887: 5875: 5871: 5858: 5854: 5841: 5837: 5815:Ernesto Ruffini 5803:Achille Liénart 5797:(Roman Curia), 5793: 5789: 5781: 5774: 5765: 5763: 5755: 5754: 5737: 5729: 5722: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5668:, p. 121). 5664: 5660: 5656:, p. 111). 5652: 5648: 5639: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5614: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5540: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5515: 5513: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5484: 5483: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5458: 5454: 5448:Hahnenberg 2007 5446: 5442: 5435: 5421: 5417: 5408: 5406: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5384: 5382: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5359: 5357: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5334: 5332: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5311: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5241: 5237: 5216: 5212: 5201: 5194: 5191: 5170:Fulton J. Sheen 5100: 5057: 5052: 4989: 4940: 4889: 4875: 4858: 4849: 4843: 4736:Paschal Mystery 4707:with a revised 4697:Catholic Church 4693: 4687: 4652:Gaudium et Spes 4645:Gaudium et spes 4565:Adrian Hastings 4561: 4526: 4497: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4473:or excerpts to 4464: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4406:Pacem in terris 4388: 4298: 4270:Canonical Hours 4124:in population. 4067: 4051:Gaudium et Spes 4047: 4045:Gaudium et Spes 4041: 3989: 3983: 3966:Catholic saints 3926: 3923: 3920: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3878:Gregorian chant 3859:extreme unction 3764: 3758: 3396: 3345:Gaudium et spes 3317: 3296: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3208: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3131: 3108: 3063: 3036: 3008: 2999: 2991:Cardinal Ritter 2986: 2973: 2961: 2948: 2924: 2877: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2784: 2700: 2675: 2613: 2604: 2562: 2549: 2544: 2531: 2517: 2508: 2499: 2494: 2485:Papal gentlemen 2441: 2411: 2398: 2357: 2348: 2319:sensus fidelium 2227: 2202: 2197: 2176: 2159:Pope John XXIII 2156: 2115: 2110: 2101: 2077: 2068: 2059: 2050: 2036:7. Sacred Music 2012: 1977: 1953: 1948: 1939: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1905:Please help by 1904: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1851: 1837: 1835:Bernhard Häring 1823: 1809: 1795: 1781: 1767: 1726:Giacomo Lercaro 1675:bishop of Lille 1671:Achille Liénart 1648: 1619: 1617:Marcel Lefebvre 1606:Ernesto Ruffini 1577: 1540: 1531:Tridentine Mass 1527:Catholic priest 1394:Commission for 1347:Public Sessions 1324:Council Fathers 1311: 1122: 1113:Humanae Salutis 1025:Ernesto Ruffini 996: 983: 927: 918: 909: 862: 856: 835: 830: 786:Gaudium et spes 686: 680: 669: 631: 602:Trent (1545–63) 520:Nicaea II (787) 494:Chalcedon (451) 466: 453:Catholic Church 450: 277:Gaudium et spes 238: 215: 207:Pope John XXIII 195:Pope John XXIII 180: 172:Catholic Church 160:8 December 1965 159: 157: 152:11 October 1962 151: 149: 148:11 October 1962 140: 139: 117: 108: 84: 78: 75: 56: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15995: 15985: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15929: 15924: 15919: 15917:1960s in Italy 15914: 15909: 15892: 15891: 15889: 15888: 15876: 15863: 15860: 15859: 15857: 15856: 15851: 15845: 15839: 15834: 15828: 15826: 15822: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15815: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15798: 15796: 15792: 15791: 15789: 15788: 15782: 15780: 15774: 15773: 15770: 15769: 15767: 15766: 15761: 15754: 15753: 15752: 15745: 15733: 15728: 15727: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15706: 15705: 15704: 15693: 15691: 15682: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15670: 15669: 15659: 15658: 15657: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15635:Climate Forest 15632: 15631: 15630: 15620: 15615: 15614: 15613: 15608: 15597: 15591: 15585: 15584: 15581: 15580: 15578: 15577: 15576: 15575: 15570: 15559: 15557: 15556:Infrastructure 15553: 15552: 15550: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15538: 15537: 15536: 15535: 15528:Poste Vaticane 15525: 15518:Communications 15515: 15510: 15504: 15498: 15492: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15485: 15484: 15478: 15473: 15467: 15465: 15459: 15458: 15456: 15455: 15454: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15437: 15436: 15426: 15415: 15413: 15407: 15406: 15404: 15403: 15401:Pietro Parolin 15395: 15386: 15384: 15380: 15379: 15377: 15376: 15375: 15370: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15339: 15333: 15332: 15329: 15328: 15326: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15299: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15267: 15266: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15238: 15237: 15232: 15222: 15217: 15216: 15215: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15189: 15186: 15185: 15183: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15145:Pio-Clementino 15142: 15137: 15132: 15126: 15124: 15118: 15117: 15115: 15114: 15113: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15095:Sistine Chapel 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15066: 15065: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15037: 15035: 15029: 15028: 15025: 15024: 15022: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15010: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14989: 14982: 14977: 14971: 14969: 14960: 14958:Major basilica 14947: 14941: 14940: 14938: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14920:Lateran Treaty 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14901: 14900: 14890: 14888:Circus of Nero 14885: 14878: 14872: 14870: 14864: 14863: 14861: 14860: 14855: 14854: 14853: 14839: 14838: 14837: 14827: 14822: 14816: 14813: 14812: 14801: 14800: 14793: 14786: 14778: 14769: 14768: 14764: 14763: 14753: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14744: 14743: 14735: 14727: 14719: 14711: 14707:Synod of Jassy 14703: 14695: 14679: 14667: 14650: 14648: 14644: 14643: 14641: 14640: 14632: 14624: 14616: 14607: 14605: 14597: 14596: 14594: 14593: 14585: 14577: 14569: 14561: 14552: 14550: 14542: 14541: 14539: 14538: 14528: 14517: 14509: 14507: 14497: 14496: 14494: 14493: 14485: 14477: 14469: 14461: 14457:Basel-Florence 14453: 14445: 14437: 14429: 14421: 14413: 14405: 14397: 14389: 14381: 14373: 14371: 14363: 14362: 14360: 14359: 14351: 14343: 14335: 14327: 14319: 14311: 14302: 14300: 14294: 14293: 14286: 14285: 14278: 14271: 14263: 14254: 14253: 14251: 14250: 14238: 14225: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14190: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14139: 14134: 14128: 14126: 14122: 14121: 14119: 14118: 14117: 14116: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14049: 14044: 14037: 14032: 14030:Lateran Treaty 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13996: 13994: 13988: 13987: 13985: 13984: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13921: 13919: 13915: 13914: 13912: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13865: 13863: 13855:Baroque period 13853: 13850: 13849: 13847: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13824:Peter Canisius 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13799:Francis Xavier 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13763:Exsurge Domine 13759: 13754: 13748: 13746: 13737: 13734: 13733: 13731: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13703:Pope Clement V 13700: 13699: 13698: 13696:Avignon Papacy 13691:Western Schism 13688: 13683: 13681:Thomas Aquinas 13677: 13675: 13669: 13668: 13666: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13579: 13577: 13571: 13570: 13568: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13535:Saint Boniface 13532: 13527: 13522: 13520:Pope Gregory I 13517: 13512: 13507: 13501: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13489: 13488: 13485: 13484: 13482: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13459:Biblical canon 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13425: 13424: 13413: 13411: 13392: 13388:Late antiquity 13380: 13379: 13377: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13355: 13354: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13335:Pope Clement I 13325:Church Fathers 13322: 13316: 13314: 13307: 13306: 13304: 13303: 13302: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13250: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13208: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13181: 13179: 13164: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13131: 13130: 13125: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13094: 13093: 13088: 13086:Biblical canon 13081:Catholic Bible 13078: 13077: 13076: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13043: 13042: 13031: 13029: 13023: 13022: 13011: 13010: 13003: 12996: 12988: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12975: 12965: 12952: 12949: 12948: 12946: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12927: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12885: 12883: 12877: 12876: 12874: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12856:Legion of Mary 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12807: 12806: 12805: 12804: 12794: 12793: 12792: 12785:Lay Carmelites 12782: 12772: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12744: 12742: 12734: 12733: 12731: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12633:Conceptionists 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12568:Assumptionists 12564: 12562: 12547: 12546: 12544: 12543: 12536: 12529: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12497: 12491: 12489: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12435: 12434: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12413: 12412: 12401: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12384: 12383: 12382: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12336: 12335: 12334: 12333: 12332: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12291: 12289: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12279: 12278: 12277: 12272: 12270:Syro-Malankara 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12220:Italo-Albanian 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12152: 12146: 12144: 12134: 12133: 12131: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12108: 12103: 12102: 12101: 12091: 12090: 12089: 12084: 12074: 12069: 12068: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12038: 12031: 12029: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 12003: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11947: 11946: 11945: 11940: 11929: 11927: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11890:Lateran Treaty 11887: 11882: 11877: 11871: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11848: 11847: 11837: 11836: 11835: 11830: 11816: 11811: 11802: 11800: 11785: 11759: 11758: 11756: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11709: 11708: 11703: 11692: 11690: 11684: 11683: 11681: 11680: 11679: 11678: 11673: 11663: 11662: 11661: 11651: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11626:Moral theology 11623: 11617: 11615: 11609: 11608: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11601: 11596: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11552: 11550: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11529: 11528: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11497: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11485: 11480: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11456: 11451: 11450: 11449: 11444: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11416: 11414: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11404: 11399: 11398: 11397: 11390: 11385: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11320: 11309: 11307: 11300: 11278: 11277: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11224: 11223: 11222: 11221: 11211: 11200: 11198: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11141:Pope Gregory I 11138: 11132: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11120: 11115: 11113:Biblical canon 11110: 11108:Late antiquity 11105: 11104: 11103: 11098: 11088: 11083: 11077: 11075: 11069: 11068: 11066: 11065: 11064: 11063: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11044:Church fathers 11041: 11040: 11039: 11034: 11024: 11023: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 10996: 10994: 10985: 10978:Ecclesiastical 10965: 10964: 10962: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10929: 10928: 10921: 10914: 10906: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10893: 10892: 10891: 10881: 10871: 10851: 10845: 10844: 10832: 10819: 10816: 10815: 10813: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10791: 10789: 10785: 10784: 10782: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10759:Bologna School 10755: 10753: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10723: 10716: 10709: 10702: 10695: 10690: 10683: 10678: 10672: 10670: 10666: 10665: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10656:Pericle Felici 10653: 10648: 10643: 10637: 10635: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10627: 10625:Fernando Cento 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10605:Valerio Valeri 10602: 10600:Pietro Ciriaci 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10576: 10574: 10573:of commissions 10568: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10498: 10496:Julius Döpfner 10493: 10488: 10482: 10480: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10472: 10467: 10461: 10459: 10452: 10448: 10447: 10444: 10443: 10441: 10440: 10432: 10424: 10415: 10413: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10405: 10397: 10389: 10381: 10377:Optatam totius 10373: 10365: 10357: 10349: 10341: 10337:Inter mirifica 10332: 10330: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10322: 10314: 10306: 10298: 10289: 10287: 10280: 10276: 10275: 10268: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10245: 10239: 10238: 10227: 10226:External links 10224: 10223: 10222: 10213: 10202: 10186: 10177: 10172: 10159: 10154: 10139: 10133: 10120: 10111: 10102: 10093: 10087: 10067: 10058: 10045: 10022: 10013: 10008: 9995: 9986: 9981: 9968: 9959: 9945: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9922: 9910: 9898: 9872: 9849: 9822: 9811: 9796: 9770: 9757: 9748: 9735: 9728: 9704: 9697: 9673: 9652: 9631: 9611: 9597: 9590: 9572: 9558: 9540: 9530: 9508: 9480: 9466: 9455:www.vatican.va 9442: 9422: 9410: 9400:(2011-10-11), 9389: 9377: 9364: 9355: 9343: 9334: 9322: 9310: 9308:, p. 129. 9298: 9296:, p. 130. 9286: 9284:, p. 149. 9274: 9262: 9260:, p. 148. 9250: 9222: 9198: 9176: 9161: 9149: 9137: 9125: 9123:, p. 113. 9113: 9101: 9099:, p. 117. 9086: 9084:, p. 116. 9071: 9069:, p. 115. 9056: 9044: 9037: 9019: 9012: 8994: 8982: 8963: 8961:, p. 279. 8951: 8939: 8934:www.vatican.va 8921: 8919:, p. 125. 8909: 8907:, p. 124. 8897: 8895:, p. 122. 8885: 8873: 8861: 8849: 8837: 8825: 8813: 8801: 8789: 8774: 8755:(2): 183–200. 8739: 8715: 8690: 8665: 8640: 8634: 8605: 8580: 8555: 8530: 8521: 8492: 8461: 8449: 8447:, pp. 20. 8437: 8425: 8413: 8408:Acta synodalia 8396: 8391:Acta synodalia 8379: 8374:Acta synodalia 8362: 8357:Acta synodalia 8345: 8340:Acta synodalia 8328: 8323:Acta synodalia 8311: 8306:Acta synodalia 8294: 8289:Acta synodalia 8277: 8272:Acta synodalia 8260: 8255:Acta synodalia 8243: 8238:Acta synodalia 8226: 8221:Acta synodalia 8197: 8192:Acta synodalia 8180: 8175:Acta synodalia 8163: 8158:Acta synodalia 8146: 8141:Acta synodalia 8129: 8124:Acta synodalia 8104: 8099:Acta synodalia 8087: 8082:Acta synodalia 8070: 8065:Acta synodalia 8053: 8048:Acta synodalia 8032: 8027:Acta synodalia 8015: 8010:Acta synodalia 7990: 7985:Acta synodalia 7973: 7961: 7949: 7947:, p. 288. 7937: 7925: 7923:, p. 287. 7910: 7898: 7896:, p. 286. 7883: 7871: 7869:, p. 282. 7859: 7847: 7835: 7823: 7821:, p. 280. 7806: 7794: 7792:, p. 273. 7782: 7770: 7758: 7756:, p. 276. 7746: 7734: 7732:, p. 270. 7722: 7710: 7708:, p. 268. 7698: 7686: 7684:, p. 265. 7674: 7672:, p. 266. 7662: 7660:, p. 264. 7650: 7638: 7636:, p. 261. 7626: 7614: 7612:, p. 260. 7599: 7587: 7585:, p. 258. 7570: 7558: 7556:, p. 277. 7546: 7544:, p. 465. 7534: 7532:, p. 257. 7522: 7520:, p. 254. 7510: 7508:, p. 252. 7498: 7483: 7481:, p. 253. 7468: 7466:, p. 438. 7456: 7444: 7432: 7413: 7411:, p. 248. 7401: 7389: 7387:, p. 246. 7377: 7365: 7351: 7349:, p. 245. 7336: 7334:, p. 244. 7324: 7322:, p. 243. 7312: 7300: 7298:, p. 241. 7288: 7286:, p. 237. 7276: 7264: 7252: 7240: 7238:, p. 234. 7225: 7223:, p. 233. 7210: 7208:, p. 240. 7195: 7183: 7181:, p. 231. 7171: 7169:, p. 232. 7154: 7152:, p. 230. 7137: 7135:, p. 228. 7122: 7110: 7108:, p. 227. 7098: 7086: 7084:, p. 223. 7074: 7072:, p. 221. 7059: 7057:, p. 220. 7047: 7045:, p. 219. 7035: 7023: 7021:, p. 213. 7011: 7009:, p. 216. 6999: 6987: 6985:, p. 212. 6975: 6973:, p. 211. 6963: 6961:, p. 210. 6948: 6936: 6924: 6922:, p. 226. 6912: 6900: 6898:, p. 206. 6888: 6862: 6848: 6834: 6822: 6810: 6798: 6786: 6774: 6772:, p. 198. 6762: 6760:, p. 197. 6750: 6738: 6736:, p. 194. 6723: 6721:, p. 193. 6711: 6699: 6687: 6675: 6673:, p. 189. 6663: 6661:, p. 187. 6651: 6649:, p. 186. 6639: 6637:, p. 184. 6627: 6615: 6603: 6601:, p. 178. 6591: 6589:, p. 176. 6579: 6577:, p. 175. 6564: 6562:, p. 174. 6549: 6538:www.vatican.va 6525: 6523:, p. 122. 6513: 6511:, p. 173. 6501: 6489: 6474: 6462: 6445:"CIC can. 340" 6436: 6434:, p. 165. 6424: 6412: 6400: 6396:Wittstadt 1995 6388: 6386:, p. 159. 6373: 6371:, p. 154. 6361: 6359:, p. 156. 6349: 6347:, p. 112. 6337: 6335:, p. 153. 6325: 6323:, p. 152. 6313: 6309:Ratzinger 2009 6301: 6289: 6277: 6265: 6253: 6251:, p. 143. 6241: 6229: 6227:, p. 138. 6217: 6205: 6203:, p. 131. 6193: 6189:Ratzinger 2009 6181: 6177:Ricciardi 1997 6169: 6154: 6142: 6127: 6115: 6105:. October 1990 6090: 6063: 6051: 6039: 6027: 6018: 6006: 6002:Ricciardi 1997 5994: 5979: 5964: 5931: 5919: 5902: 5885: 5869: 5852: 5844:Wiseman Review 5835: 5787: 5772: 5761:www.vatican.va 5735: 5720: 5702: 5682: 5670: 5666:Fouilloux 1995 5658: 5654:Fouilloux 1995 5646: 5633: 5621: 5612: 5603: 5594: 5585: 5583:, p. 195. 5581:Laurentin 1962 5573: 5571:, p. 284. 5561: 5554: 5534: 5522: 5493: 5477: 5465: 5461:Ecclesiam Suam 5459:Pope Paul VI, 5452: 5440: 5433: 5415: 5391: 5366: 5341: 5330:www.vatican.va 5317: 5302: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5235: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5163: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 4988: 4985: 4939: 4936: 4874: 4871: 4857: 4854: 4845:Main article: 4842: 4839: 4835:lay Christians 4774:versus populum 4740:Christian year 4689:Main article: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4656: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4609: 4602: 4591: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4560: 4557: 4547: 4546: 4543: 4536: 4533: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4455: 4453: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4429:Inter mirifica 4297: 4294: 4191:religious life 4152:Optatam totius 4066: 4063: 4055:Lumen Gentium' 4043:Main article: 4040: 4037: 3985:Main article: 3982: 3979: 3899:Main article: 3896: 3893: 3832:concelebration 3819: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3760:Main article: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3596:Lay Apostolate 3592: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3577:Religious Life 3573: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3395: 3392: 3331:reforming the 3316: 3313: 3295: 3292: 3253: 3250: 3235:Optatam totius 3207: 3204: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3107: 3104: 3062: 3059: 3035: 3032: 3007: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2989:Modern World. 2985: 2982: 2972: 2969: 2960: 2957: 2947: 2944: 2923: 2920: 2876: 2873: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2783: 2780: 2699: 2696: 2674: 2671: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2561: 2558: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2530: 2527: 2522:Ecclesiam suam 2516: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2479:and Monsignor 2452:Inter mirifica 2440: 2437: 2432: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2410: 2407: 2397: 2394: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2314: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2175: 2174:Reorganization 2172: 2155: 2152: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2100: 2097: 2076: 2073: 2067: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2011: 2010:Liturgy schema 2008: 1998:versus populum 1976: 1973: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1898: 1896: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1869: 1860: 1846: 1832: 1818: 1804: 1790: 1779:Henri de Lubac 1776: 1756: 1755: 1748:Julius Döpfner 1744: 1733: 1722: 1711: 1700: 1689: 1678: 1667: 1657: 1636: 1635: 1613: 1602: 1591: 1575:Michael Browne 1571: 1539: 1536: 1432: 1431: 1428:Fernando Cento 1424: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1392: 1389:Pietro Ciriaci 1385: 1378: 1371: 1364: 1310: 1307: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1121: 1118: 1065:Cardinal Léger 1057: 1056: 1053: 1050: 995: 992: 982: 979: 966:Ecclesiam Suam 947:at the end of 932:and the young 907:Henri de Lubac 894:Humani generis 878:Church Fathers 858:Main article: 855: 846: 834: 831: 829: 826: 821: 820: 819: 818: 810: 802: 782: 770: 758: 757: 756: 745: 741:, a decree on 671: 670: 668: 667: 660: 653: 645: 642: 641: 628: 627: 626: 625: 620: 612: 611: 607: 606: 605: 604: 599: 594: 589: 581: 580: 576: 575: 574: 573: 568: 566:Lyon II (1274) 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 535: 534: 530: 529: 528: 527: 522: 517: 512: 504: 503: 499: 498: 497: 496: 491: 486: 481: 479:Nicaea I (325) 473: 472: 468: 467: 464: 456: 455: 444: 443: 435: 434: 422: 421: 415: 414: 413: 412: 402: 392: 378: 377: 367: 357: 347: 342:Optatam totius 337: 327: 317: 307: 297: 292:Inter mirifica 285:Nine decrees: 283: 282: 272: 262: 252: 239: 236: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 214: 213: 208: 204: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 181: 178: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 146: 142: 141: 138: 137: 134: 128: 127: 119: 118: 116: 115: 100: 97: 96:Second Vatican 93: 86: 85: 65:it, or adding 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15994: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15904: 15902: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15875: 15865: 15864: 15861: 15855: 15852: 15849: 15846: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15829: 15827: 15823: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15793: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15781: 15779: 15775: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15759: 15755: 15751: 15750: 15746: 15744: 15743: 15739: 15738: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15719:Vatican Radio 15717: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15710: 15709:Vatican Media 15707: 15703: 15700: 15699: 15698: 15695: 15694: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15668: 15665: 15664: 15663: 15660: 15656: 15653: 15652: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15629: 15626: 15625: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15603: 15602: 15599: 15598: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15586: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15565: 15564: 15561: 15560: 15558: 15554: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15534: 15531: 15530: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15520: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15505: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15493: 15483: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15468: 15466: 15464: 15460: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15446:Congregations 15444: 15442: 15439: 15435: 15432: 15431: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15421: 15420: 15417: 15416: 15414: 15412: 15408: 15402: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15381: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15365: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15358:Vicar General 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15334: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15283: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15265: 15264: 15260: 15259: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15227: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15214: 15211: 15210: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15198:Casina Pio IV 15196: 15194: 15191: 15190: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15165:Pio Cristiano 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15127: 15125: 15123: 15119: 15111: 15110:Room of Tears 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15097: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15075:Raphael Rooms 15073: 15071: 15068: 15064: 15063: 15059: 15058: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15038: 15036: 15034: 15030: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14994: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14987: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14968: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14955: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14942: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14930:Borgo Vecchio 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14899: 14896: 14895: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14883: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14873: 14871: 14869: 14865: 14859: 14856: 14852: 14849: 14848: 14847: 14843: 14840: 14836: 14833: 14832: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14817: 14814: 14810: 14806: 14799: 14794: 14792: 14787: 14785: 14780: 14779: 14776: 14758: 14754: 14748: 14740: 14736: 14732: 14728: 14724: 14720: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14704: 14700: 14696: 14692: 14688: 14684: 14680: 14676: 14672: 14668: 14664: 14660: 14656: 14652: 14651: 14649: 14645: 14637: 14633: 14629: 14625: 14621: 14617: 14613: 14609: 14608: 14606: 14604: 14598: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14578: 14574: 14570: 14566: 14562: 14558: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14549: 14543: 14535: 14534: 14529: 14525: 14523: 14518: 14515: 14511: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14498: 14490: 14486: 14482: 14478: 14474: 14470: 14466: 14462: 14458: 14454: 14450: 14446: 14442: 14438: 14434: 14430: 14426: 14422: 14418: 14414: 14410: 14406: 14402: 14398: 14394: 14390: 14386: 14382: 14379: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14370: 14364: 14356: 14352: 14348: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14316: 14312: 14308: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14299: 14295: 14291: 14284: 14279: 14277: 14272: 14270: 14265: 14264: 14261: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14237: 14227: 14226: 14223: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14206: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14144: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14129: 14127: 14123: 14115: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14089:Mother Teresa 14087: 14085: 14082: 14079: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14054: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14042: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14015:Pope Pius XII 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13993: 13989: 13983: 13982: 13981:Rerum novarum 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13965:Pope Leo XIII 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13935:United States 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13925:Pope Pius VII 13923: 13922: 13920: 13916: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13764: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13740: 13735: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13697: 13694: 13693: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13674: 13670: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13608:Scholasticism 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13583:Pope Urban II 13581: 13580: 13578: 13576: 13572: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13502: 13500: 13498: 13494: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13423: 13420: 13419: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13412: 13408: 13400: 13396: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13359:Justin Martyr 13357: 13353: 13350: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13308: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13270: 13269:New Testament 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13232:Commissioning 13230: 13229: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13186: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13176:Apostolic Age 13172: 13168: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13083: 13082: 13079: 13075: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13067: 13063: 13062:Papal primacy 13060: 13059: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13041: 13038: 13037: 13036: 13033: 13032: 13030: 13028: 13024: 13020: 13016: 13009: 13004: 13002: 12997: 12995: 12990: 12989: 12986: 12974: 12966: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12953: 12950: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12928: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12904:Home Missions 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12886: 12884: 12882: 12878: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12803: 12800: 12799: 12798: 12797:Saint Francis 12795: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12780:Saint Dominic 12778: 12777: 12776: 12773: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12750: 12749: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12741: 12735: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12593:Bethlehemites 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12561: 12557: 12552: 12548: 12542: 12541: 12537: 12535: 12534: 12530: 12528: 12527: 12523: 12520: 12516: 12515:Vatican Radio 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12500:Vatican Media 12498: 12496: 12493: 12492: 12490: 12488: 12484: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12433: 12430: 12429: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12407: 12406: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12398: 12394: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12361: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12337: 12331: 12328: 12327: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12297: 12296: 12293: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12284: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12147: 12145: 12143: 12139: 12135: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12100: 12097: 12096: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12042: 12039: 12036: 12033: 12032: 12030: 12028: 12024: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11952: 11951: 11948: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11935: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11921: 11917: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11868: 11864: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11841: 11838: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11825: 11824: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11797:List of popes 11793: 11789: 11786: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11760: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11698: 11697: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11685: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11668: 11667: 11664: 11660: 11657: 11656: 11655: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11600: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11581:Mother of God 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11553: 11551: 11549: 11545: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11527: 11524: 11523: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11490: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11466:People of God 11464: 11462: 11461: 11457: 11455: 11454:Infallibility 11452: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11439: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11422: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11413: 11409: 11403: 11400: 11396: 11395: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11330:Body and soul 11328: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11308: 11304: 11301: 11298: 11297: 11292: 11288: 11283: 11279: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11233:Enlightenment 11231: 11229: 11226: 11220: 11217: 11216: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11206: 11205: 11204:Protestantism 11202: 11201: 11199: 11197: 11193: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11181:Scholasticism 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11166:Schism (1378) 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11151:Schism (1054) 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11133: 11131: 11129: 11125: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11093: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11070: 11062: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11045: 11042: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11025: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11002: 11001: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10989: 10986: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10970: 10966: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10938: 10934: 10927: 10922: 10920: 10915: 10913: 10908: 10907: 10904: 10890: 10882: 10880: 10872: 10870: 10862: 10861: 10860: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10846: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10800:Sedevacantism 10798: 10796: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10786: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10754: 10750: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10724: 10722: 10721: 10717: 10715: 10714: 10710: 10708: 10707: 10703: 10701: 10700: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10688: 10687:Aggiornamento 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10667: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10646:Gustavo Testa 10644: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10585:Paolo Marella 10583: 10581: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10569: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10532:Norman Gilroy 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10477: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10453: 10449: 10439: 10437: 10433: 10431: 10429: 10428:Nostra aetate 10425: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10404: 10402: 10398: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10388: 10386: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10342: 10340: 10338: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10327: 10321: 10319: 10315: 10313: 10311: 10307: 10305: 10303: 10302:Lumen gentium 10299: 10297: 10295: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286:Constitutions 10284: 10281: 10277: 10273: 10266: 10261: 10259: 10254: 10252: 10247: 10246: 10243: 10237: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10219: 10214: 10211: 10205: 10199: 10196:. TAN books. 10195: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10178: 10175: 10169: 10165: 10160: 10157: 10155:0-8091-4133-7 10151: 10147: 10146: 10140: 10136: 10134:1-57075-293-1 10130: 10126: 10121: 10117: 10112: 10108: 10103: 10099: 10094: 10090: 10084: 10079: 10078: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10059: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10019: 10014: 10011: 10005: 10001: 9996: 9992: 9987: 9984: 9982:1-57075-638-4 9978: 9974: 9969: 9965: 9960: 9958: 9952: 9948: 9947: 9933: 9926: 9920:, p. 69. 9919: 9918:Alberigo 2006 9914: 9907: 9902: 9886: 9882: 9876: 9861:. Asianews.it 9860: 9853: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9820: 9815: 9809: 9805: 9800: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9767: 9761: 9755:Canon 228 § 1 9752: 9745: 9739: 9731: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9716: 9708: 9700: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9685: 9677: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9656: 9648: 9647: 9642: 9635: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9615: 9607: 9601: 9593: 9587: 9583: 9576: 9568: 9562: 9554: 9547: 9545: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9512: 9497: 9496: 9491: 9484: 9476: 9470: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9438: 9434: 9433: 9426: 9419: 9418:Hastings 1991 9414: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9393: 9386: 9381: 9375:, 14 May 2021 9374: 9368: 9359: 9352: 9351:O'Malley 2008 9347: 9338: 9332:, p. 25. 9331: 9330:O'Malley 2008 9326: 9320:, p. 33. 9319: 9318:O'Malley 2008 9314: 9307: 9302: 9295: 9290: 9283: 9278: 9271: 9266: 9259: 9254: 9247: 9246: 9241: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9212: 9208: 9202: 9187: 9184:David Rosen. 9180: 9172: 9165: 9158: 9153: 9146: 9141: 9134: 9129: 9122: 9117: 9110: 9105: 9098: 9093: 9091: 9083: 9078: 9076: 9068: 9063: 9061: 9053: 9048: 9040: 9034: 9030: 9023: 9015: 9009: 9005: 8998: 8991: 8986: 8978: 8972: 8967: 8960: 8959:O'Malley 2008 8955: 8948: 8943: 8935: 8931: 8925: 8918: 8913: 8906: 8901: 8894: 8889: 8883:, p. 98. 8882: 8877: 8870: 8865: 8859:, p. 97. 8858: 8853: 8847:, p. 96. 8846: 8841: 8834: 8829: 8822: 8817: 8811:, p. 81. 8810: 8805: 8798: 8793: 8787:, p. 79. 8786: 8781: 8779: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8743: 8729: 8725: 8719: 8704: 8700: 8694: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8654: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8624:on 2017-04-19 8623: 8619: 8615: 8609: 8594: 8590: 8584: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8544: 8540: 8534: 8525: 8511:on 2019-09-25 8510: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8482:on 2021-01-21 8478: 8471: 8465: 8458: 8453: 8446: 8441: 8434: 8429: 8422: 8417: 8409: 8403: 8401: 8392: 8386: 8384: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8358: 8352: 8350: 8341: 8335: 8333: 8324: 8318: 8316: 8307: 8301: 8299: 8290: 8284: 8282: 8273: 8267: 8265: 8256: 8250: 8248: 8239: 8233: 8231: 8222: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8193: 8187: 8185: 8176: 8170: 8168: 8159: 8153: 8151: 8142: 8136: 8134: 8125: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8100: 8094: 8092: 8083: 8077: 8075: 8066: 8060: 8058: 8049: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8011: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7986: 7980: 7978: 7970: 7969:O'Malley 2008 7965: 7958: 7957:O'Malley 2008 7953: 7946: 7945:O'Malley 2008 7941: 7934: 7929: 7922: 7921:O'Malley 2008 7917: 7915: 7907: 7906:O'Malley 2008 7902: 7895: 7894:O'Malley 2008 7890: 7888: 7880: 7879:O'Malley 2008 7875: 7868: 7867:O'Malley 2008 7863: 7856: 7851: 7844: 7843:O'Malley 2008 7839: 7832: 7831:O'Malley 2008 7827: 7820: 7819:O'Malley 2008 7815: 7813: 7811: 7803: 7798: 7791: 7790:O'Malley 2008 7786: 7779: 7778:O'Malley 2008 7774: 7767: 7766:O'Malley 2008 7762: 7755: 7754:O'Malley 2008 7750: 7743: 7742:O'Malley 2008 7738: 7731: 7730:O'Malley 2008 7726: 7719: 7718:O'Malley 2008 7714: 7707: 7706:O'Malley 2008 7702: 7695: 7694:O'Malley 2008 7690: 7683: 7682:O'Malley 2008 7678: 7671: 7670:O'Malley 2008 7666: 7659: 7658:O'Malley 2008 7654: 7647: 7646:O'Malley 2008 7642: 7635: 7634:O'Malley 2008 7630: 7623: 7622:O'Malley 2008 7618: 7611: 7610:O'Malley 2008 7606: 7604: 7596: 7595:O'Malley 2008 7591: 7584: 7583:O'Malley 2008 7579: 7577: 7575: 7567: 7566:O'Malley 2008 7562: 7555: 7554:O'Malley 2008 7550: 7543: 7538: 7531: 7530:O'Malley 2008 7526: 7519: 7518:O'Malley 2008 7514: 7507: 7506:O'Malley 2008 7502: 7494: 7487: 7480: 7479:O'Malley 2008 7475: 7473: 7465: 7460: 7453: 7452:O'Malley 2008 7448: 7441: 7436: 7428: 7422: 7417: 7410: 7409:O'Malley 2008 7405: 7398: 7397:O'Malley 2008 7393: 7386: 7385:O'Malley 2008 7381: 7374: 7369: 7361: 7355: 7348: 7347:O'Malley 2008 7343: 7341: 7333: 7332:O'Malley 2008 7328: 7321: 7320:O'Malley 2008 7316: 7309: 7308:O'Malley 2008 7304: 7297: 7296:O'Malley 2008 7292: 7285: 7284:O'Malley 2008 7280: 7273: 7272:O'Malley 2008 7268: 7261: 7260:O'Malley 2008 7256: 7249: 7248:O'Malley 2008 7244: 7237: 7236:O'Malley 2008 7232: 7230: 7222: 7221:O'Malley 2008 7217: 7215: 7207: 7206:O'Malley 2008 7202: 7200: 7192: 7191:O'Malley 2008 7187: 7180: 7179:O'Malley 2008 7175: 7168: 7167:O'Malley 2008 7163: 7161: 7159: 7151: 7150:O'Malley 2008 7146: 7144: 7142: 7134: 7133:O'Malley 2008 7129: 7127: 7119: 7118:O'Malley 2008 7114: 7107: 7106:O'Malley 2008 7102: 7095: 7094:O'Malley 2008 7090: 7083: 7082:O'Malley 2008 7078: 7071: 7070:O'Malley 2008 7066: 7064: 7056: 7055:O'Malley 2008 7051: 7044: 7043:O'Malley 2008 7039: 7032: 7031:O'Malley 2008 7027: 7020: 7019:O'Malley 2008 7015: 7008: 7007:O'Malley 2008 7003: 6996: 6995:O'Malley 2008 6991: 6984: 6983:O'Malley 2008 6979: 6972: 6971:O'Malley 2008 6967: 6960: 6959:O'Malley 2008 6955: 6953: 6945: 6944:O'Malley 2008 6940: 6933: 6932:O'Malley 2008 6928: 6921: 6920:O'Malley 2008 6916: 6909: 6908:O'Malley 2008 6904: 6897: 6896:O'Malley 2008 6892: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6858: 6852: 6844: 6838: 6831: 6830:O'Malley 2008 6826: 6819: 6818:O'Malley 2008 6814: 6807: 6806:O'Malley 2008 6802: 6795: 6794:O'Malley 2008 6790: 6783: 6782:O'Malley 2008 6778: 6771: 6770:O'Malley 2008 6766: 6759: 6758:O'Malley 2008 6754: 6747: 6746:O'Malley 2008 6742: 6735: 6734:O'Malley 2008 6730: 6728: 6720: 6719:O'Malley 2008 6715: 6708: 6707:O'Malley 2008 6703: 6696: 6691: 6684: 6683:O'Malley 2008 6679: 6672: 6671:O'Malley 2008 6667: 6660: 6659:O'Malley 2008 6655: 6648: 6647:O'Malley 2008 6643: 6636: 6635:O'Malley 2008 6631: 6624: 6623:O'Malley 2008 6619: 6612: 6611:O'Malley 2008 6607: 6600: 6599:O'Malley 2008 6595: 6588: 6587:O'Malley 2008 6583: 6576: 6575:O'Malley 2008 6571: 6569: 6561: 6560:O'Malley 2008 6556: 6554: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6522: 6521:O'Malley 2008 6517: 6510: 6509:O'Malley 2008 6505: 6498: 6497:O'Malley 2008 6493: 6486: 6481: 6479: 6471: 6470:O'Malley 2008 6466: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6433: 6432:O'Malley 2008 6428: 6421: 6420:O'Malley 2008 6416: 6409: 6408:O'Malley 2008 6404: 6397: 6392: 6385: 6384:O'Malley 2008 6380: 6378: 6370: 6369:O'Malley 2008 6365: 6358: 6357:O'Malley 2008 6353: 6346: 6341: 6334: 6333:O'Malley 2008 6329: 6322: 6321:O'Malley 2008 6317: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6293: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6273:O'Malley 2008 6269: 6262: 6261:O'Malley 2008 6257: 6250: 6249:O'Malley 2008 6245: 6239:, p. 16. 6238: 6233: 6226: 6225:O'Malley 2008 6221: 6214: 6213:O'Malley 2008 6209: 6202: 6201:O'Malley 2008 6197: 6190: 6185: 6179:, p. 42. 6178: 6173: 6167:, p. 12. 6166: 6161: 6159: 6151: 6146: 6140:, p. 27. 6139: 6138:Sullivan 2002 6134: 6132: 6124: 6123:Alberigo 2006 6119: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6060: 6059:O'Malley 2008 6055: 6048: 6047:O'Malley 2008 6043: 6036: 6035:O'Malley 2008 6031: 6022: 6015: 6010: 6004:, p. 65. 6003: 5998: 5990: 5983: 5976: 5974: 5967: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5928: 5923: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5882: 5878: 5873: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5832: 5831:Norman Gilroy 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5791: 5785:, p. 21. 5784: 5783:Sullivan 2002 5779: 5777: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5733:, p. 17. 5732: 5727: 5725: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5679: 5678:Alberigo 1995 5674: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5637: 5630: 5629:Sullivan 2002 5625: 5616: 5607: 5598: 5589: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5557: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5538: 5532:, p. 15. 5531: 5530:O'Malley 2008 5526: 5512:on 2020-05-30 5511: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5489: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5473:Alberigo 2006 5469: 5462: 5456: 5450:, p. 44. 5449: 5444: 5436: 5434:0-385-51613-4 5430: 5426: 5419: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5314: 5313:O'Malley 2008 5309: 5307: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5276: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5193: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5176:Terence Cooke 5174: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5092: 5089:, who became 5088: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5046: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5013: 5012:Michael Novak 5008: 5006: 5005:John Tong Hon 5001: 4999: 4995: 4983: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4956: 4954: 4947: 4944: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916:sedevacantism 4913: 4912:Pope Pius XII 4908: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4883:Sedevacantism 4880: 4867: 4862: 4856:Controversies 4853: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4783: 4776: 4775: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4730:According to 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4653: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4638:Nostra aetate 4635: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4606:Lumen Gentium 4603: 4600: 4599:Lumen Gentium 4596: 4595: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4555: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4486: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4456:This section 4454: 4445: 4444: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4426:– The decree 4425: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4357:Nostra aetate 4353: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4319:– The decree 4318: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4307:– The decree 4306: 4302: 4293: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4237: 4233:– The decree 4232: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4221:– The decree 4220: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4196:Lumen Gentium 4192: 4188: 4187: 4183:– The decree 4182: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4149:– The decree 4148: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4137:– The decree 4136: 4132: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4099:Lumen gentium 4096: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4083:– The decree 4082: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4073:Lumen gentium 4062: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4019:aggiornamento 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3975:Lumen Gentium 3967: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3947:Lumen Gentium 3944: 3940: 3936: 3935:Lumen gentium 3932: 3917: 3916: 3915:Lumen gentium 3908: 3902: 3901:Lumen gentium 3892: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3870:divine office 3866: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3847:catechumenate 3844: 3839: 3837: 3834:(SC 57), and 3833: 3829: 3824: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3685:1,960 to 164 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3430:Constitutions 3428: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3404: 3400: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3347: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3322: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3241:Nostra aetate 3237: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3218: 3212: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3136: 3135: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3031: 3029: 3026:creating the 3025: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3003: 2994: 2992: 2981: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2959:Trip to India 2952: 2943: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2859: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2679: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2608: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2553: 2539: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2523: 2512: 2503: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2447: 2436: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2352: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2222: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2119:aggiornamento 2105: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2092:aggiornamento 2087: 2083: 2072: 2063: 2054: 2045: 2039:8. Sacred Art 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2007: 2000: 1999: 1993: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1937: 1934: 1926: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1899:This section 1897: 1888: 1887: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1595:Giuseppe Siri 1592: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1368:Paolo Marella 1365: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1306: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1289:aggiornamento 1286: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1138:aggiornamento 1135: 1130: 1125: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1091: 1089: 1088:aggiornamento 1085: 1084:infallibility 1081: 1080:Enlightenment 1077: 1076:Protestantism 1073: 1068: 1066: 1061: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046:aggiornamento 1041: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 987: 978: 975: 970: 968: 967: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 935: 930: 926: 921: 917: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 874:ressourcement 871: 867: 861: 854: 850: 849:Ressourcement 845: 842: 841: 825: 816: 815: 814:Nostra aetate 811: 808: 807: 803: 800: 799: 795: 794: 792: 788: 787: 783: 780: 776: 775: 771: 768: 764: 763: 759: 755: 751: 750: 746: 744: 740: 739: 735: 734: 732: 728: 727: 726:Lumen gentium 723: 722: 721: 719: 715: 714:aggiornamento 711: 710: 709:aggiornamento 704: 702: 698: 694: 689: 683: 678: 666: 661: 659: 654: 652: 647: 646: 644: 643: 640: 635: 630: 629: 624: 621: 619: 616: 615: 614: 613: 609: 608: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 584: 583: 582: 578: 577: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 561:Lyon I (1245) 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 538: 537: 536: 532: 531: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 506: 505: 501: 500: 495: 492: 490: 489:Ephesus (431) 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 476: 475: 474: 470: 469: 462: 458: 457: 454: 449: 446: 445: 441: 437: 436: 432: 428: 427: 420: 416: 409: 408: 403: 399: 398: 397:Nostra aetate 393: 389: 388: 383: 382: 381: 374: 373: 368: 364: 363: 358: 354: 353: 348: 344: 343: 338: 334: 333: 328: 324: 323: 318: 314: 313: 308: 304: 303: 298: 294: 293: 288: 287: 286: 279: 278: 273: 269: 268: 263: 259: 258: 257:Lumen gentium 253: 249: 248: 243: 242: 240: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 212: 209: 206: 205: 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 185: 182: 176: 173: 170: 166: 147: 143: 135: 133: 130: 129: 125: 120: 112: 105: 101: 98: 95: 94: 91: 82: 79:December 2023 72: 68: 64: 60: 54: 50: 48: 43:This article 41: 32: 31: 19: 15967:Pope Paul VI 15837:Cricket team 15807:Coat of arms 15756: 15747: 15740: 15714:Vatican News 15640:Demographics 15618:Architecture 15606:AT telescope 15323:Vatican Hill 15261: 15170:Ethnographic 15060: 14984: 14905:Leonine City 14805:Vatican City 14757: 14671:Great Church 14536:(1341–1351)* 14531: 14521: 14488: 14203: 14199:Pope Francis 14125:21st century 14074:Pope Paul VI 14058: 14051: 14039: 13992:20th century 13979: 13930:Pope Pius IX 13918:19th century 13894:Pope Pius VI 13761: 13633:Latin Empire 13603:Universities 13555:Pope Leo III 13422:Christianity 13407:state church 13399:Great Church 13200:Resurrection 13163:(30–325/476) 13160:Early Church 13145:Latin Church 13140:Papal States 13135:Vatican City 12943:Universities 12775:Third orders 12738:Associations 12728:Visitandines 12723:Trinitarians 12673:Mercedarians 12658:Hieronymites 12603:Camaldoleses 12588:Benedictines 12578:Augustinians 12538: 12531: 12524: 12505:Vatican News 12459:Distinctions 12265:Syro-Malabar 12150:Latin Church 12072:Grand master 11970:Metropolitan 11867:Vatican City 11762:Organisation 11641:Philosophers 11506:Confirmation 11483:In canon law 11477:Subsistit in 11475: 11471:Three states 11458: 11419: 11412:Ecclesiology 11394:Nova Vulgata 11392: 11350:Original sin 11345:Nicene Creed 11335:Divine grace 11294: 11247: 11176:Universities 11146:Papal States 11073:Great Church 11015:Resurrection 10992:Early Church 10810:Wreckovation 10727:Subsistit in 10725: 10718: 10711: 10704: 10697: 10685: 10641:Augustin Bea 10547:Josef Frings 10435: 10427: 10419: 10412:Declarations 10400: 10392: 10384: 10376: 10368: 10360: 10352: 10344: 10336: 10317: 10309: 10304:(The Church) 10301: 10293: 10271: 10217: 10209: 10193: 10181: 10163: 10144: 10124: 10115: 10106: 10097: 10076: 10062: 10031: 10017: 9999: 9990: 9972: 9963: 9950: 9931: 9925: 9913: 9901: 9889:. 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Retrieved 5289: 5279: 5238: 5227:Soviet State 5213: 5164: 5141: 5136:John Paul II 5118: 5103: 5101: 5091:Benedict XVI 5081:John Paul II 5058: 5040: 5032: 5025: 5020: 5017: 5009: 5002: 4994:Saint Paul's 4990: 4980: 4973: 4968:Latin Church 4962: 4958: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4909: 4894: 4890: 4866:Roman Missal 4850: 4818: 4816:motu proprio 4815: 4813: 4798: 4797: 4729: 4701:modern world 4694: 4657: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4592: 4569: 4562: 4552: 4548: 4527: 4498: 4480: 4465:Please help 4457: 4434: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4404: 4401: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4290: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4266:confirmation 4262:Latin Church 4252: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4194: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4167: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4126: 4122: 4107: 4103:collegiality 4101:, including 4098: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4068: 4054: 4050: 4048: 4017: 4002:Benedict XVI 3996: 3992: 3990: 3974: 3971: 3946: 3942: 3934: 3910: 3889:Pope Francis 3885: 3882: 3872:(now called 3867: 3855:confirmation 3840: 3826:such as the 3820: 3793: 3786: 3785: 3749:2,290 to 35 3743:1,912 to 183 3730:2,308 to 70 3724:1,954 to 249 3711:2,221 to 88 3705:1,763 to 250 3691:Declarations 3690: 3679:1,598 to 503 3647:2,137 to 11 3628:2,110 to 39 3622:1,964 to 135 3512: 3507:2,309 to 75 3501:2,111 to 251 3429: 3401: 3397: 3388: 3384: 3379:Great Schism 3368: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3341: 3329:motu proprio 3328: 3325: 3318: 3304: 3297: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3255: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3194: 3191:Latin Church 3188: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3137: 3133: 3132: 3113: 3109: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3024:motu proprio 3023: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3000: 2987: 2976: 2974: 2962: 2940: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2875:"Black Week" 2860: 2856: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2795:Introduction 2789: 2785: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2680: 2676: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2592: 2577:4. The Laity 2563: 2554: 2550: 2532: 2520: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2481:Enrico Dante 2450: 2444: 2442: 2433: 2416: 2412: 2403: 2399: 2390: 2362: 2358: 2349: 2340: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2317: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2228: 2220: 2203: 2189: 2177: 2157: 2127:Confalonieri 2118: 2116: 2102: 2090: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2042: 2013: 2004: 1996: 1978: 1969: 1964: 1956: 1954: 1929: 1920: 1907:spinning off 1900: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1843: 1829: 1815: 1801: 1787: 1773: 1758: 1757: 1682:Josef Frings 1646:Augustin Bea 1638: 1637: 1629: 1557: 1556: 1545: 1541: 1538:Main players 1529:celebrating 1516:Lay auditors 1515: 1514: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1495: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1444:Augustin Bea 1435: 1433: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1315:motu proprio 1314: 1312: 1309:Organization 1301: 1295: 1293: 1288: 1281: 1250: 1154: 1148: 1144: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1106: 1103: 1092: 1087: 1069: 1062: 1058: 1044: 1037: 1015: 997: 971: 964: 961:Pope Paul VI 938: 898: 892: 886: 881: 873: 863: 852: 848: 838: 836: 822: 812: 804: 796: 790: 784: 778: 772: 766: 760: 753: 747: 742: 736: 730: 724: 713: 707: 705: 701:Vatican City 687: 681: 676: 674: 622: 379: 284: 261:(The Church) 211:Pope Paul VI 76: 44: 15611:observatory 15476:Swiss Guard 15451:Dicasteries 15429:Commissions 15419:Roman Curia 15150:Chiaramonti 15090:Scala Regia 15002:Papal tombs 14925:Borgo Nuovo 14898:Papal tombs 14589:Ephesus III 14491:(1962–1965) 14483:(1869–1870) 14475:(1545–1563) 14467:(1512–1517) 14451:(1414–1418) 14443:(1311–1312) 14409:Lateran III 14205:Laudato si' 14000:Pope Pius X 13829:Philip Neri 13804:Pope Pius V 13779:Thomas More 13648:Inquisition 13550:Charlemagne 13510:Monasticism 13320:Persecution 13212:Holy Spirit 13195:Crucifixion 13074:First seven 12933:Health care 12919:Pax Christi 12871:Schoenstatt 12836:Sant'Egidio 12668:Legionaries 12648:Franciscans 12623:Cistercians 12618:Carthusians 12573:Annonciades 12432:Altarpieces 12325:West Syriac 12320:East Syriac 12300:Alexandrian 11924:Holy orders 11905:Swiss Guard 11845:Dicasteries 11840:Roman Curia 11738:Evangelists 11696:Holy Family 11631:Personalism 11621:Natural law 11599:Josephology 11533:Holy orders 11171:Inquisition 11128:Middle Ages 11118:Monasticism 11086:Constantine 11010:Crucifixion 10889:WikiProject 10355:(Ecumenism) 10037:McGraw-Hill 9906:Heraty 1967 9764:Canon 752: 9403:Porta fidei 8543:lastampa.it 7373:Heraty 1967 6485:Heraty 1967 6014:Raguer 1997 5927:Heraty 1967 5642:Constantine 5569:Wenger 1963 5475:, p. 1 5147:John Paul I 5142:Beatified: 5075:John Paul I 4953:magisterium 4825:, those of 4782:ad orientem 4750:instead of 4483:August 2023 4118:Roman Curia 3746:1965-Oct-28 3740:1965-Oct-14 3727:1965-Dec-07 3721:1965-Nov-19 3708:1965-Oct-28 3702:1965-Oct-15 3682:1963-Dec-04 3676:1963-Nov-24 3666:2,394 to 5 3663:1965-Dec-07 3660:2,162 to 18 3657:1965-Dec-02 3644:1964-Nov-21 3641:2,054 to 64 3638:1964-Nov-20 3625:1964-Nov-21 3619:1964-Nov-20 3609:2,305 to 2 3606:1965-Nov-18 3600:1965-Nov-10 3590:2,321 to 4 3587:1965-Oct-28 3584:2,126 to 13 3581:1965-Oct-11 3571:2,318 to 3 3568:1965-Oct-28 3565:2,196 to 15 3562:1965-Oct-13 3552:2,390 to 4 3549:1965-Dec-07 3546:2,243 to 11 3543:1965-Dec-04 3533:2,319 to 2 3530:1965-Oct-28 3527:2,167 to 14 3524:1965-Oct-06 3504:1965-Dec-07 3498:1965-Dec-06 3488:2,147 to 4 3485:1963-Dec-04 3482:2,159 to 19 3479:1963-Nov-22 3469:2,344 to 6 3466:1965-Nov-18 3463:2,081 to 27 3460:1965-Oct-29 3450:2,151 to 5 3447:1964-Nov-21 3444:2,134 to 10 3441:1964-Nov-19 3333:Holy Office 3300:indulgences 3294:Indulgences 2375:. Cardinal 2373:Holy Office 2335:Chapter 4: 2303:Chapter 3: 2260:Chapter 2: 2250:Chapter 1: 2137:of Munich, 2082:Karl Rahner 1975:Commissions 1951:Opening Day 1923:August 2024 1874:: official 1842:: official 1828:: official 1814:: official 1807:Karl Rahner 1800:: official 1793:Yves Congar 1786:: official 1715:Franz König 1615:Archbishop 1588:Holy Office 1569:Holy Office 1484:Karl Rahner 1353:Commissions 1285:Holy Office 1257:Secretariat 1120:Preparation 925:Karl Rahner 916:Yves Congar 870:encyclicals 752:, a decree 718:magisterial 391:(Education) 316:(Ecumenism) 296:(The Media) 223:Up to 2,625 186:(1869–1870) 67:subheadings 15901:Categories 15480:See also: 15411:Government 15383:Governance 15130:Historical 15100:altarpiece 15085:Sala Regia 14835:Properties 14581:Ephesus II 14489:Vatican II 14417:Lateran IV 14401:Lateran II 14078:coronation 13784:Pope Leo X 13369:Tertullian 13299:Revelation 13274:Background 12688:Oratorians 12643:Dominicans 12613:Carmelites 12608:Camillians 12556:institutes 12369:Tridentine 12305:Antiochian 12225:Macedonian 12170:Belarusian 12060:Provincial 11975:Archbishop 11895:Roman Rota 11857:Properties 11782:By country 11778:Precedence 11743:Confessors 11723:Archangels 11713:Patriarchs 11613:Philosophy 11591:Veneration 11556:Assumption 11526:Last rites 11493:Sacraments 11437:Four marks 11248:Vatican II 11196:Modern era 11032:Succession 10479:Moderators 10465:John XXIII 10395:(Missions) 10310:Dei verbum 10236:Vatican.va 9460:2020-05-22 9235:Mirari vos 9216:2020-05-24 8971:Rynne 1991 8733:2019-09-25 8709:2019-09-25 8684:2019-09-25 8659:2019-09-25 8628:2017-04-18 8599:2019-09-25 8574:2019-09-25 8549:2019-09-25 8515:2019-09-25 8486:2019-09-25 7933:Rynne 1999 7855:Rynne 1999 7802:Rynne 1999 7542:Rynne 1999 7464:Rynne 1999 7440:Rynne 1999 7421:Rynne 1991 6695:Rynne 1999 6543:2022-08-10 6109:2020-05-22 6084:2020-01-25 5766:2023-02-20 5516:2020-05-22 5409:2020-05-22 5385:2023-02-27 5360:2023-02-27 5335:2023-02-27 5266:References 5184:, observer 5182:Frank Duff 5124:John XXIII 5087:consultant 5037:writes: 4998:Joseph Zen 4877:See also: 4744:vernacular 4713:ecumenical 4475:Wikisource 4380:See also: 4245:patriarchs 4157:seminaries 4024:St. Thomas 3997:Dei Verbum 3993:Dei Verbum 3987:Dei verbum 3905:See also: 3603:2,201 to 2 3456:Revelation 3281:Dei verbum 3048:Revelation 2906:The Church 2810:Conclusion 2474:Camerlengo 2185:Agagianian 2141:of Lille, 1911:relocating 1856:: private 1772:: private 1659:Patriarch 1548:John XXIII 999:John XXIII 981:Beginnings 891:published 868:and papal 828:Background 762:Dei verbum 688:Vatican II 267:Dei verbum 220:Attendance 63:condensing 15645:Languages 15563:Transport 15348:Elections 15291:Fountains 15135:Paintings 14945:Geography 14524:(879–880) 14481:Vatican I 14465:Lateran V 14449:Constance 14393:Lateran I 14387:(869–870) 14355:Nicaea II 14349:(680–681) 14331:Chalcedon 14094:Communism 14064:Ecumenism 13410:(380–451) 13402:(180–451) 13391:(313–476) 13313:(100–325) 12929:See also: 12881:Charities 12790:Discalced 12718:Trappists 12713:Theatines 12683:Olivetans 12628:Clarisses 12598:Blue nuns 12583:Basilians 12560:societies 12468:See also: 12354:Mozarabic 12344:Ambrosian 12330:Malankara 12315:Byzantine 12275:Ukrainian 12250:Ruthenian 12215:Hungarian 12200:Ethiopian 12175:Bulgarian 12142:sui iuris 12126:Postulant 12035:Religious 11990:Auxiliary 11985:Coadjutor 11955:Patriarch 11823:Cardinals 11770:Canon law 11766:Hierarchy 11748:Disciples 11671:Relations 11659:Evolution 11650:See also: 11595:See also: 11548:Mariology 11538:Matrimony 11511:Eucharist 11432:Ecumenism 11360:Salvation 11296:Catechism 11291:Tradition 11253:Communism 11101:Chalcedon 10879:Templates 10788:Criticism 10393:Ad gentes 10279:Documents 9191:April 28, 8769:171337874 5271:Citations 5223:communism 5114:beatified 5110:canonized 5021:authority 4519:councils. 4471:Wikiquote 4458:contains 4317:Ecumenism 4310:Ad gentes 4254:sui iuris 4010:Modernism 3951:collegial 3843:sacrament 3830:(SC 53), 3823:Eucharist 3634:Ecumenism 3357:Ad gentes 2977:Consilium 2897:Ecumenism 2377:Ottaviani 2123:Cicognani 1872:Hans Küng 1754:(Germany) 1746:Cardinal 1735:Cardinal 1724:Cardinal 1713:Cardinal 1702:Cardinal 1691:Cardinal 1680:Cardinal 1669:Cardinal 1644:Cardinal 1604:Cardinal 1593:Cardinal 1584:Angelicum 1573:Cardinal 1563:Cardinal 1510:Observers 1492:Hans Küng 1451:Official 1396:Religious 1194:Religious 1096:ecumenism 1013:present. 1011:cardinals 934:Hans Küng 362:Ad gentes 201:President 71:talk page 59:splitting 57:Consider 15778:Religion 15764:Pope2you 15623:Archives 15568:Heliport 15463:Military 15441:Councils 15337:Politics 14830:Holy See 14809:articles 14647:See also 14612:Nicaea I 14557:Nicaea I 14307:Nicaea I 14104:HIV/AIDS 13598:Crusades 13352:Irenaeus 13345:Ignatius 13340:Polycarp 13190:Ministry 13178:(30–100) 13052:Timeline 12973:Category 12866:Opus Dei 12851:Scouting 12841:Focolare 12708:Servites 12693:Piarists 12638:Crosiers 12374:Anglican 12310:Armenian 12240:Romanian 12230:Maronite 12205:Georgian 12195:Eritrean 12180:Chaldean 12165:Armenian 12160:Albanian 12041:Superior 12000:Emeritus 11980:Diocesan 11833:Advisers 11792:Holy See 11718:Prophets 11676:Politics 11447:Catholic 11427:Councils 11282:Theology 11161:Crusades 11096:Nicaea I 11027:Apostles 11005:Ministry 10974:Timeline 10954:Glossary 10869:Category 10192:(2014). 10073:(2008). 10055:34184550 9501:28 April 9248:, 1864). 6881:7 August 5225:and the 5026:Catholic 4930:and the 4699:and the 4095:dioceses 4006:Pius XII 3782:, Spain. 3653:Missions 3412:Document 2934:and the 2467:Cardinal 2164:conclave 2143:Spellman 1743:(Canada) 1469:Private 1260:Schemas 1234:Missions 1170:Theology 1165:Schemas 1100:liturgy. 1033:Pius XII 969:(1964). 955:and the 889:Pius XII 440:a series 438:Part of 47:too long 15850:(Women) 15795:Symbols 15650:Library 15589:Culture 15547:Tourism 15508:Banking 15496:Economy 15393:Francis 15220:Gardens 15105:ceiling 14868:History 14846:Francis 14825:Outline 14573:Ephesus 14433:Lyon II 14323:Ephesus 14069:Judaism 13469:Vulgate 13279:Gospels 13254:Stephen 13171:Origins 13091:Vulgate 13027:General 13017:of the 13015:History 12938:Schools 12894:Caritas 12802:Secular 12768:Workers 12663:Jesuits 12449:Museums 12444:Library 12422:Writers 12417:Artists 12397:Culture 12364:Paul VI 12245:Russian 12235:Melkite 12077:Brother 12055:General 11995:Titular 11965:Primate 11943:Eparchy 11933:Diocese 11880:Outline 11819:College 11809:Francis 11753:Virgins 11728:Martyrs 11654:Science 11561:History 11516:Penance 11501:Baptism 11402:Worship 11375:Vulgate 11323:Kingdom 11318:Trinity 11306:General 11061:Primacy 10969:History 10949:Outline 10706:Peritus 10669:General 10470:Paul VI 10339:(Media) 10329:Decrees 9944:Sources 9836:平安抵岸全靠祂 5130:Paul VI 5105:peritus 5069:Paul VI 5029:"them". 5003:Bishop 4831:acolyte 4760:regalia 4709:charism 4091:bishops 3939:Francis 3937:, 40). 3851:baptism 3520:Bishops 3513:Decrees 3475:Liturgy 3261:⁄ 3144:⁄ 3006:Opening 2866:⁄ 2861:After 2 2547:Opening 2535:Suenens 2463:Paul VI 2200:Opening 2191:press. 2181:Lercaro 2168:Paul VI 2139:Liénart 2135:Döpfner 2131:Suenens 1982:Liénart 1876:peritus 1867:peritus 1858:peritus 1844:peritus 1830:peritus 1816:peritus 1802:peritus 1788:peritus 1774:peritus 1732:(Italy) 1610:Palermo 1552:Paul VI 1458:periti, 1210:Liturgy 1145:schemas 974:bishops 451:of the 158: ( 150: ( 45:may be 15825:Sports 15802:Anthem 14807: 14741:(2016) 14733:(1965) 14725:(1872) 14717:(1672) 14709:(1642) 14441:Vienne 14435:(1274) 14427:(1245) 14425:Lyon I 14419:(1215) 14411:(1179) 14403:(1139) 14395:(1123) 14035:Nazism 13857:to the 13464:Jerome 13374:Origen 13057:Papacy 12816:Fimcap 12758:Marian 12678:Minims 12410:Marian 12260:Syriac 12255:Slovak 12185:Coptic 12121:Oblate 12116:Master 12111:Novice 12106:Hermit 12094:Sister 12050:Abbess 12017:Deacon 12012:Priest 12007:Parish 11950:Bishop 11920:Polity 11706:Joseph 11688:Saints 11355:Saints 11243:Nazism 10451:People 10212:(1967) 10200: 10170: 10152: 10131: 10085: 10053: 10043: 10006: 9979: 9891:1 July 9865:1 July 9842:31 May 9789:1 July 9726: 9695: 9588: 9528: 9035: 9010: 8767: 6871:"Home" 6455:1 July 5962: 5552: 5431: 5295:18 May 5244:novena 5050:Legacy 4885:, and 4827:lector 4615:5 and 4249:synods 3437:Church 3149:days. 3022:, the 2965:Mumbai 2930:, the 2365:Frings 2147:Urbani 1986:Frings 1504:periti 1496:periti 1480:periti 1476:periti 1471:Periti 1463:periti 1453:Periti 1436:periti 1078:, the 789:, the 777:, the 765:, the 729:, the 442:on the 228:Topics 107: 15844:(Men) 15689:Media 15662:Music 15368:Crime 14986:Pietà 14820:Index 14701:(692) 14673:(180– 14661:/155– 14638:(484) 14630:(410) 14622:(381) 14614:(325) 14591:(475) 14583:(449) 14575:(431) 14567:(381) 14559:(325) 14473:Trent 14357:(787) 14341:(553) 14333:(451) 14325:(431) 14317:(381) 14309:(325) 14137:Islam 13405:Roman 13364:Canon 13237:Peter 13185:Jesus 12914:CIDSE 12763:Youth 12487:Media 12454:Music 12379:Zaire 12359:Roman 12349:Braga 12339:Latin 12210:Greek 12082:Friar 12046:Abbot 11960:Major 11875:Index 11774:Laity 11340:Dogma 11287:Bible 11263:Islam 11219:Trent 11000:Jesus 10982:Legal 10944:Index 10859:Media 10752:Other 10458:Popes 9435:[ 8765:S2CID 8480:(PDF) 8473:(PDF) 5221:that 5189:Notes 4972:1983 4961:1917 4752:Latin 3962:Bible 3672:Media 2684:Bible 2369:Curia 1599:Genoa 1300:1917 1072:Curia 111:Latin 15812:Flag 15655:film 15573:Rail 15523:.va 15390:Pope 15180:Maps 14842:Pope 14187:2023 14182:2019 14177:2016 14172:2013 14167:2011 14162:2008 14157:2005 14152:2002 14147:2000 14114:1995 13284:Acts 13247:Paul 13242:John 13217:Mary 12439:Folk 12087:Monk 11828:List 11806:Pope 11701:Mary 10849:Name 10198:ISBN 10168:ISBN 10150:ISBN 10129:ISBN 10083:ISBN 10051:OCLC 10041:ISBN 10004:ISBN 9977:ISBN 9893:2012 9867:2012 9844:2024 9791:2012 9724:ISBN 9693:ISBN 9586:ISBN 9526:ISBN 9503:2021 9193:2014 9033:ISBN 9008:ISBN 8977:help 8505:Crux 7427:help 6883:2014 6457:2012 5960:ISBN 5956:247– 5915:link 5898:link 5881:link 5865:link 5848:link 5550:ISBN 5429:ISBN 5297:2011 5256:Lent 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