271:
1783:
425:
480:
in Iberia is a testimony of the growing
Sasanian influence there. It was constructed in 478/479 in the southern part of the country, which had fallen under the control of the Mihranids. The iconography of the basilica showed Iranian characteristics, while its
522:, dying from the violence inflicted by her husband. His Zoroastrianizing efforts were seemingly only limited to that of his family. There are no reports of attempts to convert his Christian subjects, and the main source for Shushanik's life—the
413:
and
Artaxias, were then taken hostage and sent to Ctesiphon, where they met Arshusha II. Arshusha was later able to buy his freedom back. He then freed the sons of Hmayeak, and took them back to
374:
beliefs in favour of
Christianity. The Mihranids of Gugark enjoyed close relations with the Iberian kings (also of Mihranid descent), with whom they intermarried.
1721:
518:
Espousing his pro-Iranian position, Varsken attempted to force his family to convert to
Zoroastrianism, including Shushanik, which eventually resulted in her
1995:
1705:
313:
after the
Sasanians and Romans partitioned Armenia in 387. Not much earlier, the Iberian Kingdom had fallen under the authority of the Sasanians, who under
1761:
1811:
1835:
1932:
1745:
1632:
1401:
528:—does not consider the martyrdom of his wife as part of a systematic Christian persecution. His policies were unacceptable to the Iberian king
2005:
1827:
1769:
1753:
397:, and could not participate in the Christian Armenian rebellion in 451, led by Vardan Mamikonian. After the defeat of the Armenian rebels at
1713:
1859:
2015:
1916:
1867:
1843:
1940:
1851:
385:, who was the sister-in-law of the Armenian military leader Hmayeak Mamikonian, himself brother of the Armenian rebel and martyr
243:
Espousing his pro-Iranian position, Varsken attempted to force his family to convert to
Zoroastrianism, including his first wife
1441:
1367:
1325:
1298:
524:
1585:
Les dynasties de la
Caucasie Chrétienne: de l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle : tables généalogiques et chronologiques
1985:
1662:
1592:
1465:
1420:
1268:
17:
2025:
1569:
1514:
1433:
The
Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature
461:), converting to the family's former religion, Zoroastrianism. He also shifted his allegiance from the Christian
495:
Peroz I. Under
Varsken and his predecessors, the city of Tsurtavi was transformed into one of the seats of the
306:
2000:
1478:(1961). "Introduction to Christian Caucasian History: II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period".
2010:
367:
251:, dying from the violence inflicted by her husband. His policies were unacceptable to the Iberian king
539:), who had him killed and then revolted against Iran in 482. Varsken was succeeded by Arshusha III.
262:), who had him killed and then revolted against Iran in 482. Varsken was succeeded by Arshusha III.
1278:
1655:
402:
325:
1355:
1309:
270:
1412:
The
Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia
529:
482:
443:
Upon the death of his Arshusha, Varsken went to Ctesiphon and was received by the Sasanian
252:
8:
1980:
332:
180:
124:
465:
to the Sasanian Empire. As a reward for his conversion, he was given the viceroyalty of
1990:
1956:
1648:
1558:
1550:
1503:
1495:
1451:
1395:
1282:
1908:
1881:
1782:
1588:
1562:
1507:
1461:
1437:
1416:
1363:
1321:
1294:
1264:
466:
398:
386:
310:
237:
109:
2020:
1803:
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1542:
1487:
502:
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406:
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1383:
1339:
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with their mother. Later, Arshusha organized the wedding of his son Varsken with
414:
410:
363:
176:
1335:
233:
168:
155:
1546:
1491:
505:
indicates that Varsken was a sovereign in his own right, and acknowledged the
1974:
477:
1892:
486:
150:
424:
1948:
1729:
1607:
649:
371:
282:
200:
66:
1554:
1499:
506:
1924:
1671:
1320:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 806–810.
1293:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 520–522.
519:
418:
394:
378:
314:
248:
244:
211:
96:
1533:
Toumanoff, Cyril (1969). "Chronology of the early kings of Iberia".
1291:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume II/5: Armenia and Iran IV–Art in Iran I
1900:
1819:
1680:
473:
390:
382:
359:
302:
294:
275:
207:
196:
236:. As a reward for his conversion, he was given the viceroyalty of
1792:
1616:
451:
429:
288:
222:
199:) of the region from 470 to 482. He was the son and successor of
190:
119:
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42:
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1622:
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184:
48:
362:
Sasanian rulers of Iran, they were in reality a branch of the
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217:
1102:
1037:
1025:
979:
977:
1080:
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Histoire de l'Arménie: des origines à 1071, Paris, 1947.
1237:
1114:
1201:
1138:
1090:
974:
1174:
1073:
389:. Varsken's father, Arshusha II, was a hostage of the
1318:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/8: Alafrank–Alp Arslan
1213:
1191:
1189:
1614:
1013:
928:
926:
510:
501:. The reports of the contemporary Iberian historian
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286:
215:
188:
40:
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1186:
1162:
938:
206:Upon the death of his father, Varsken went to the
1001:
962:
950:
923:
1972:
515:only as a counterbalance to the Iberian kings.
232:), converting to the family's former religion,
1528:. Georgetown University Press. pp. 1–599.
1656:
358:. Albeit the family claimed descent from the
1996:Converts to Zoroastrianism from Christianity
1460:. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–418.
377:Varsken's mother was Anushvram Artsruni, an
1263:. New York: Gorgias Press. pp. 1–406.
1663:
1649:
1400:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1579:
1532:
1521:
1474:
1388:Histoire de l'Arménie des origines à 1071
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305:, which had originally been part of the
269:
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1334:
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1043:
944:
370:. Under Peroz the family abandoned its
14:
1973:
1525:Studies in Christian Caucasian history
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1219:
775:
771:
761:
665:
565:
561:
469:and a daughter of Peroz in marriage.
309:, but fell under the authority of the
240:and a daughter of Peroz in marriage.
1644:
1486:. Cambridge University Press: 1–106.
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525:Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik
2006:Vassal rulers of the Sasanian Empire
1541:. Cambridge University Press: 1–33.
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1348:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
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1132:
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1007:
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401:, Hmayeak Mamikonian was killed at
247:, which eventually resulted in her
24:
1350:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
421:, daughter of Vardan Mamikonian.
25:
2037:
1457:The Making of the Georgian Nation
2016:Governors of the Sasanian Empire
1781:
1436:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
1061:
1049:
534:
456:
434:
319:
257:
227:
1587:. Princeton University Press.
1360:History of the Armenian people
339:established themselves as the
328:on the Iberian throne in 363.
13:
1:
1670:
917:
346:
542:
265:
7:
1234:, p. 42 (see note 42).
301:, a historical area in the
10:
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1986:5th-century Iranian people
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659:
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368:Seven Great Houses of Iran
331:The family of Varsken—the
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1790:
1779:
1678:
1629:
1612:
1604:
1547:10.1017/S0362152900010898
1522:Toumanoff, Cyril (1963).
1492:10.1017/S0362152900008473
1430:Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).
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1308:Chaumont, M. L. (1985).
1259:Bonner, Michael (2020).
214:and was received by the
2026:Executed Iranian people
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1261:The Last Empire of Iran
1159:, pp. 19, 39, 251.
511:
497:
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445:
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341:
287:
281:Varsken was the son of
216:
189:
41:
1111:, pp. 38, 45, 67.
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278:
1570:registration required
1515:registration required
1409:Kia, Mehrdad (2016).
868:3. Anushvram Artsruni
794:12. Vache II Artsruni
427:
273:
2001:Zoroastrian monarchs
551:Ancestors of Varsken
537: 447/49–502/22
381:noblewomen from the
260: 447/49–502/22
187:, who served as the
1452:Suny, Ronald Grigor
1279:Bosworth, C. Edmund
1070:, pp. 189–190.
1058:, pp. 193–202.
1046:, pp. 189–190.
1034:, pp. 193–202.
817:6. Vasak I Artsruni
1957:Varaz-Tiridates II
1920:(699-704, usurper)
1362:. Tolosa: Privat.
1183:, pp. 69, 81.
441:
405:. Hmayeak's sons,
307:Kingdom of Armenia
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142:Anushvram Artsruni
2011:Caucasian Albania
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1630:Succeeded by
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1369:978-2-7089-6874-5
1327:978-0-71009-097-3
1300:978-0-71009-105-5
1022:, pp. 67–68.
998:, pp. 38–39.
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387:Vardan Mamikonian
238:Caucasian Albania
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18:Varsken of Gugark
16:(Redirected from
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1244:Toumanoff 1990
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1145:Toumanoff 1969
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1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1208:Grousset 1947
1204:
1198:, p. 45.
1197:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1171:, p. 69.
1170:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1147:, p. 22.
1146:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1097:Grousset 1947
1093:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1056:Grousset 1947
1052:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1032:Grousset 1947
1028:
1021:
1016:
1010:, p. 68.
1009:
1004:
997:
992:
985:
980:
978:
971:, p. 67.
970:
965:
958:
953:
946:
941:
935:, p. 66.
934:
929:
927:
922:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
879:
876:
874:
873:
865:
864:
861:
860:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
839:
838:
829:
828:
823:
822:
814:
813:
810:
809:
804:
803:
798:
797:
791:
790:
787:
786:
769:
768:
765:
764:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
736:
731:
730:
727:
726:
717:
716:
711:
710:
703:
702:
699:
698:
693:
692:
687:
686:
681:
680:
677:
676:
663:
662:
657:
656:
651:
645:
644:
641:
640:
635:
634:
629:
628:
623:
622:
619:
618:
609:
608:
603:
602:
594:
593:
590:
589:
584:
583:
578:
577:
574:8. Arshusha I
571:
559:
558:
555:
554:
550:
549:
540:
531:
527:
526:
521:
516:
513:
508:
504:
499:
493:
488:
485:, written in
484:
479:
478:Bolnisi Sioni
475:
470:
468:
464:
453:
449:
448:
431:
426:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
366:, one of the
365:
361:
356:
345:of Gugark in
343:
338:
334:
329:
327:
316:
312:
311:Iberian kings
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
290:
284:
277:
272:
263:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
224:
220:
219:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
193:
192:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
157:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
113:
111:
107:
104:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
45:
44:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1893:Varaz Grigor
1746:Arshusha III
1737:
1633:Arshusha III
1613:
1584:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1483:
1479:
1456:
1432:
1415:. ABC-CLIO.
1411:
1387:
1359:
1347:
1317:
1290:
1260:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1104:
1092:
1085:Dédéyan 2007
1068:Dédéyan 2007
1063:
1051:
1044:Dédéyan 2007
1039:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
964:
952:
945:Daryaee 2009
940:
757:
523:
517:
487:Old Georgian
471:
442:
376:
330:
326:Aspacures II
324:) installed
280:
242:
205:
172:
164:
163:
153:(before 470)
151:Christianity
114:Arshusha III
101:Daughter of
76:Arshusha III
29:
1949:Stephanos I
1828:Varaz-Bakur
1770:Arshusha VI
1754:Arshusha IV
1730:Arshusha II
1608:Arshusha II
1577:(in French)
1377:(in French)
1220:Bonner 2020
650:Arshusha II
597:4. Bakur II
483:inscription
372:Zoroastrian
335:—had under
283:Arshusha II
274:Map of the
210:capital of
201:Arshusha II
158:(after 470)
134:Arshusha II
67:Arshusha II
63:Predecessor
1981:482 deaths
1975:Categories
1714:Arshusha I
1340:"Šāpur II"
918:References
530:Vakhtang I
512:shahanshah
507:suzerainty
498:bidaxshate
492:shahanshah
447:shahanshah
350: 330
253:Vakhtang I
218:shahanshah
1991:Mihranids
1960:(821-822)
1952:(790-821)
1944:(770-790)
1936:(740-770)
1928:(705-740)
1925:Vardan II
1912:(669-705)
1904:(637-669)
1896:(628-637)
1885:(628–822)
1871:(570-600)
1863:(540-570)
1855:(510-540)
1847:(480-510)
1839:(450-480)
1831:(440-450)
1823:(430-440)
1815:(361-430)
1807:(330-361)
1796:(330–600)
1773:(???-748)
1765:(608-627)
1757:(540-608)
1749:(482-540)
1741:(470-482)
1733:(455-470)
1725:(430-455)
1717:(400-430)
1709:(394-400)
1701:(361-394)
1695:(330-361)
1684:(330–748)
1672:Mihranids
1563:151472930
1508:151524770
1396:cite book
1310:"Albania"
1232:Rapp 2014
1196:Rapp 2014
1181:Rapp 2014
1169:Rapp 2014
1157:Rapp 2014
1133:Rapp 2014
1109:Rapp 2014
1020:Rapp 2014
1008:Rapp 2014
969:Rapp 2014
933:Rapp 2014
543:Genealogy
520:martyrdom
419:Shushanik
409:, Vasak,
395:Ctesiphon
393:court at
355:bidaxshes
342:bidaxshes
333:Mihranids
315:Shapur II
266:Biography
249:martyrdom
245:Shushanik
212:Ctesiphon
175:) was an
125:Mihranids
97:Shushanik
73:Successor
1901:Juansher
1860:Vardan I
1820:Barzabod
1722:Bakur II
1699:Unknown
1681:Gogarene
1583:(1990).
1555:27830864
1535:Traditio
1500:27830424
1480:Traditio
1454:(1994).
1390:. Paris.
1386:(1947).
1358:(2007).
1338:(2009).
1281:(1986).
957:Kia 2016
474:basilica
428:Coin of
391:Sasanian
379:Armenian
303:Caucasus
295:margrave
276:Caucasus
208:Sasanian
197:margrave
147:Religion
2021:Peroz I
1917:Shiruye
1868:Vard II
1844:Armayel
1793:Gardman
1738:Varsken
1706:Bakur I
1617:Bidaxsh
1346:(ed.).
1316:(ed.).
1289:(ed.).
1283:"ARRĀN"
1253:Sources
758:Varsken
509:of the
452:Peroz I
430:Peroz I
415:Armenia
399:Avarayr
360:Persian
289:bidaxsh
223:Peroz I
191:bidaxsh
177:Iranian
165:Varsken
120:Dynasty
103:Peroz I
93:Consort
58:470–482
43:Bidaxsh
35:Varsken
1941:Gagikh
1852:Vard I
1623:Gugark
1591:
1561:
1553:
1506:
1498:
1464:
1440:
1419:
1366:
1324:
1297:
1267:
299:Gugark
185:Gugark
173:Vazgēn
139:Mother
131:Father
49:Gugark
1812:Khurs
1804:Peroz
1692:Peroz
1559:S2CID
1551:JSTOR
1504:S2CID
1496:JSTOR
1342:. In
1312:. In
1285:. In
337:Peroz
297:) of
110:Issue
55:Reign
1836:Mihr
1589:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1402:link
1364:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1265:ISBN
472:The
411:Vard
85:Died
1880:In
1791:In
1679:In
1621:of
1543:doi
1488:doi
756:1.
648:2.
476:of
403:Tao
203:.
183:of
88:482
47:of
1977::
1557:.
1549:.
1539:25
1537:.
1502:.
1494:.
1484:17
1482:.
1398:}}
1394:{{
1188:^
1075:^
976:^
925:^
535:r.
457:r.
435:r.
347:c.
320:r.
258:r.
228:r.
171::
1664:e
1657:t
1650:v
1597:.
1572:)
1568:(
1565:.
1545::
1517:)
1513:(
1510:.
1490::
1470:.
1446:.
1425:.
1404:)
1372:.
1330:.
1303:.
1273:.
947:.
532:(
454:(
439:)
432:(
317:(
293:(
255:(
225:(
195:(
167:(
99:,
20:)
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