260:
1772:
414:
469:
in Iberia is a testimony of the growing
Sasanian influence there. It was constructed in 478/479 in the southern part of the country, which had fallen under the control of the Mihranids. The iconography of the basilica showed Iranian characteristics, while its
511:, dying from the violence inflicted by her husband. His Zoroastrianizing efforts were seemingly only limited to that of his family. There are no reports of attempts to convert his Christian subjects, and the main source for Shushanik's life—the
402:
and
Artaxias, were then taken hostage and sent to Ctesiphon, where they met Arshusha II. Arshusha was later able to buy his freedom back. He then freed the sons of Hmayeak, and took them back to
363:
beliefs in favour of
Christianity. The Mihranids of Gugark enjoyed close relations with the Iberian kings (also of Mihranid descent), with whom they intermarried.
1710:
507:
Espousing his pro-Iranian position, Varsken attempted to force his family to convert to
Zoroastrianism, including Shushanik, which eventually resulted in her
1984:
1694:
302:
after the
Sasanians and Romans partitioned Armenia in 387. Not much earlier, the Iberian Kingdom had fallen under the authority of the Sasanians, who under
1750:
1800:
1824:
1921:
1734:
1621:
1390:
517:—does not consider the martyrdom of his wife as part of a systematic Christian persecution. His policies were unacceptable to the Iberian king
1994:
1816:
1758:
1742:
386:, and could not participate in the Christian Armenian rebellion in 451, led by Vardan Mamikonian. After the defeat of the Armenian rebels at
1702:
1848:
2004:
1905:
1856:
1832:
1929:
1840:
374:, who was the sister-in-law of the Armenian military leader Hmayeak Mamikonian, himself brother of the Armenian rebel and martyr
232:
Espousing his pro-Iranian position, Varsken attempted to force his family to convert to
Zoroastrianism, including his first wife
1430:
1356:
1314:
1287:
513:
1574:
Les dynasties de la
Caucasie Chrétienne: de l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle : tables généalogiques et chronologiques
1974:
1651:
1581:
1454:
1409:
1257:
2014:
1558:
1503:
1422:
The
Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature
450:), converting to the family's former religion, Zoroastrianism. He also shifted his allegiance from the Christian
484:
Peroz I. Under
Varsken and his predecessors, the city of Tsurtavi was transformed into one of the seats of the
295:
1989:
1467:(1961). "Introduction to Christian Caucasian History: II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period".
1999:
356:
240:, dying from the violence inflicted by her husband. His policies were unacceptable to the Iberian king
528:), who had him killed and then revolted against Iran in 482. Varsken was succeeded by Arshusha III.
251:), who had him killed and then revolted against Iran in 482. Varsken was succeeded by Arshusha III.
1267:
1644:
391:
314:
1344:
1298:
259:
1401:
The
Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia
518:
471:
432:
Upon the death of his Arshusha, Varsken went to Ctesiphon and was received by the Sasanian
241:
8:
1969:
321:
169:
113:
454:
to the Sasanian Empire. As a reward for his conversion, he was given the viceroyalty of
1979:
1945:
1637:
1547:
1539:
1492:
1484:
1440:
1384:
1271:
1897:
1870:
1771:
1577:
1551:
1496:
1450:
1426:
1405:
1352:
1310:
1283:
1253:
455:
387:
375:
299:
226:
98:
2009:
1792:
1680:
1531:
1476:
491:
451:
395:
325:
1372:
1328:
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1420:
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1332:
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406:
with their mother. Later, Arshusha organized the wedding of his son Varsken with
403:
399:
352:
165:
1324:
222:
157:
144:
1535:
1480:
494:
indicates that Varsken was a sovereign in his own right, and acknowledged the
1963:
466:
1881:
475:
139:
413:
1937:
1718:
1596:
638:
360:
271:
189:
55:
1543:
1488:
495:
1913:
1660:
1309:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 806–810.
1282:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 520–522.
508:
407:
383:
367:
303:
237:
233:
200:
85:
1522:
Toumanoff, Cyril (1969). "Chronology of the early kings of Iberia".
1280:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume II/5: Armenia and Iran IV–Art in Iran I
1889:
1808:
1669:
462:
379:
371:
348:
291:
283:
264:
196:
185:
225:. As a reward for his conversion, he was given the viceroyalty of
1781:
1605:
440:
418:
277:
211:
188:) of the region from 470 to 482. He was the son and successor of
179:
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91:
31:
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1611:
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173:
37:
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Sasanian rulers of Iran, they were in reality a branch of the
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206:
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968:
966:
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978:
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Histoire de l'Arménie: des origines à 1071, Paris, 1947.
1226:
1103:
1190:
1127:
1079:
963:
1163:
1062:
378:. Varsken's father, Arshusha II, was a hostage of the
1307:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/8: Alafrank–Alp Arslan
1202:
1180:
1178:
1603:
1002:
917:
915:
499:
490:. The reports of the contemporary Iberian historian
485:
479:
433:
342:
329:
275:
204:
177:
29:
1115:
1175:
1151:
927:
195:Upon the death of his father, Varsken went to the
990:
951:
939:
912:
1961:
504:only as a counterbalance to the Iberian kings.
221:), converting to the family's former religion,
1517:. Georgetown University Press. pp. 1–599.
1645:
347:. Albeit the family claimed descent from the
1985:Converts to Zoroastrianism from Christianity
1449:. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–418.
366:Varsken's mother was Anushvram Artsruni, an
1252:. New York: Gorgias Press. pp. 1–406.
1652:
1638:
1389:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1568:
1521:
1510:
1463:
1377:Histoire de l'Arménie des origines à 1071
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294:, which had originally been part of the
258:
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359:. Under Peroz the family abandoned its
1962:
1514:Studies in Christian Caucasian history
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458:and a daughter of Peroz in marriage.
298:, but fell under the authority of the
229:and a daughter of Peroz in marriage.
1633:
1475:. Cambridge University Press: 1–106.
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514:Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik
1995:Vassal rulers of the Sasanian Empire
1530:. Cambridge University Press: 1–33.
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1418:
1337:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
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945:
390:, Hmayeak Mamikonian was killed at
236:, which eventually resulted in her
13:
1339:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
410:, daughter of Vardan Mamikonian.
14:
2026:
1446:The Making of the Georgian Nation
2005:Governors of the Sasanian Empire
1770:
1425:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
1050:
1038:
523:
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1576:. Princeton University Press.
1349:History of the Armenian people
328:established themselves as the
317:on the Iberian throne in 363.
1:
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906:
335:
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254:
7:
1223:, p. 42 (see note 42).
290:, a historical area in the
10:
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1975:5th-century Iranian people
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762:
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357:Seven Great Houses of Iran
320:The family of Varsken—the
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1618:
1601:
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1536:10.1017/S0362152900010898
1511:Toumanoff, Cyril (1963).
1481:10.1017/S0362152900008473
1419:Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).
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1297:Chaumont, M. L. (1985).
1248:Bonner, Michael (2020).
203:and was received by the
2015:Executed Iranian people
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1250:The Last Empire of Iran
1148:, pp. 19, 39, 251.
500:
486:
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276:
270:Varsken was the son of
205:
178:
30:
1100:, pp. 38, 45, 67.
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267:
1559:registration required
1504:registration required
1398:Kia, Mehrdad (2016).
857:3. Anushvram Artsruni
783:12. Vache II Artsruni
416:
262:
1990:Zoroastrian monarchs
540:Ancestors of Varsken
526: 447/49–502/22
370:noblewomen from the
249: 447/49–502/22
176:, who served as the
1441:Suny, Ronald Grigor
1268:Bosworth, C. Edmund
1059:, pp. 189–190.
1047:, pp. 193–202.
1035:, pp. 189–190.
1023:, pp. 193–202.
806:6. Vasak I Artsruni
1946:Varaz-Tiridates II
1909:(699-704, usurper)
1351:. Tolosa: Privat.
1172:, pp. 69, 81.
430:
394:. Hmayeak's sons,
296:Kingdom of Armenia
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131:Anushvram Artsruni
2000:Caucasian Albania
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1619:Succeeded by
1432:978-1-4724-2552-2
1358:978-2-7089-6874-5
1316:978-0-71009-097-3
1289:978-0-71009-105-5
1011:, pp. 67–68.
987:, pp. 38–39.
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376:Vardan Mamikonian
227:Caucasian Albania
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1233:Toumanoff 1990
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1251:
1246:
1245:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1197:Grousset 1947
1193:
1187:, p. 45.
1186:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1160:, p. 69.
1159:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1136:, p. 22.
1135:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1086:Grousset 1947
1082:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1045:Grousset 1947
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1021:Grousset 1947
1017:
1010:
1005:
999:, p. 68.
998:
993:
986:
981:
974:
969:
967:
960:, p. 67.
959:
954:
947:
942:
935:
930:
924:, p. 66.
923:
918:
916:
911:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
868:
865:
863:
862:
854:
853:
850:
849:
844:
843:
838:
837:
832:
831:
828:
827:
818:
817:
812:
811:
803:
802:
799:
798:
793:
792:
787:
786:
780:
779:
776:
775:
758:
757:
754:
753:
748:
742:
741:
738:
737:
732:
731:
726:
725:
720:
719:
716:
715:
706:
705:
700:
699:
692:
691:
688:
687:
682:
681:
676:
675:
670:
669:
666:
665:
652:
651:
646:
645:
640:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
623:
618:
617:
612:
611:
608:
607:
598:
597:
592:
591:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
572:
567:
566:
563:8. Arshusha I
560:
548:
547:
544:
543:
539:
538:
529:
520:
516:
515:
510:
505:
502:
497:
493:
488:
482:
477:
474:, written in
473:
468:
467:Bolnisi Sioni
464:
459:
457:
453:
442:
438:
437:
420:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
355:, one of the
354:
350:
345:
334:of Gugark in
332:
327:
323:
318:
316:
305:
301:
300:Iberian kings
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
279:
273:
266:
261:
252:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
213:
209:
208:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
182:
181:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
146:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
112:
110:
106:
102:
100:
96:
93:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
34:
33:
27:
22:
19:
1882:Varaz Grigor
1735:Arshusha III
1726:
1622:Arshusha III
1602:
1573:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1472:
1468:
1445:
1421:
1404:. ABC-CLIO.
1400:
1376:
1348:
1336:
1306:
1279:
1249:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1074:Dédéyan 2007
1057:Dédéyan 2007
1052:
1040:
1033:Dédéyan 2007
1028:
1016:
1004:
992:
980:
953:
941:
934:Daryaee 2009
929:
746:
512:
506:
476:Old Georgian
460:
431:
365:
319:
315:Aspacures II
313:) installed
269:
231:
194:
161:
153:
152:
142:(before 470)
140:Christianity
103:Arshusha III
90:Daughter of
65:Arshusha III
18:
1938:Stephanos I
1817:Varaz-Bakur
1759:Arshusha VI
1743:Arshusha IV
1719:Arshusha II
1597:Arshusha II
1566:(in French)
1366:(in French)
1209:Bonner 2020
639:Arshusha II
586:4. Bakur II
472:inscription
361:Zoroastrian
324:—had under
272:Arshusha II
263:Map of the
199:capital of
190:Arshusha II
147:(after 470)
123:Arshusha II
56:Arshusha II
52:Predecessor
1970:482 deaths
1964:Categories
1703:Arshusha I
1329:"Šāpur II"
907:References
519:Vakhtang I
501:shahanshah
496:suzerainty
487:bidaxshate
481:shahanshah
436:shahanshah
339: 330
242:Vakhtang I
207:shahanshah
1980:Mihranids
1949:(821-822)
1941:(790-821)
1933:(770-790)
1925:(740-770)
1917:(705-740)
1914:Vardan II
1901:(669-705)
1893:(637-669)
1885:(628-637)
1874:(628–822)
1860:(570-600)
1852:(540-570)
1844:(510-540)
1836:(480-510)
1828:(450-480)
1820:(440-450)
1812:(430-440)
1804:(361-430)
1796:(330-361)
1785:(330–600)
1762:(???-748)
1754:(608-627)
1746:(540-608)
1738:(482-540)
1730:(470-482)
1722:(455-470)
1714:(430-455)
1706:(400-430)
1698:(394-400)
1690:(361-394)
1684:(330-361)
1673:(330–748)
1661:Mihranids
1552:151472930
1497:151524770
1385:cite book
1299:"Albania"
1221:Rapp 2014
1185:Rapp 2014
1170:Rapp 2014
1158:Rapp 2014
1146:Rapp 2014
1122:Rapp 2014
1098:Rapp 2014
1009:Rapp 2014
997:Rapp 2014
958:Rapp 2014
922:Rapp 2014
532:Genealogy
509:martyrdom
408:Shushanik
398:, Vasak,
384:Ctesiphon
382:court at
344:bidaxshes
331:bidaxshes
322:Mihranids
304:Shapur II
255:Biography
238:martyrdom
234:Shushanik
201:Ctesiphon
164:) was an
114:Mihranids
86:Shushanik
62:Successor
1890:Juansher
1849:Vardan I
1809:Barzabod
1711:Bakur II
1688:Unknown
1670:Gogarene
1572:(1990).
1544:27830864
1524:Traditio
1489:27830424
1469:Traditio
1443:(1994).
1379:. Paris.
1375:(1947).
1347:(2007).
1327:(2009).
1270:(1986).
946:Kia 2016
463:basilica
417:Coin of
380:Sasanian
368:Armenian
292:Caucasus
284:margrave
265:Caucasus
197:Sasanian
186:margrave
136:Religion
2010:Peroz I
1906:Shiruye
1857:Vard II
1833:Armayel
1782:Gardman
1727:Varsken
1695:Bakur I
1606:Bidaxsh
1335:(ed.).
1305:(ed.).
1278:(ed.).
1272:"ARRĀN"
1242:Sources
747:Varsken
498:of the
441:Peroz I
419:Peroz I
404:Armenia
388:Avarayr
349:Persian
278:bidaxsh
212:Peroz I
180:bidaxsh
166:Iranian
154:Varsken
109:Dynasty
92:Peroz I
82:Consort
47:470–482
32:Bidaxsh
24:Varsken
1930:Gagikh
1841:Vard I
1612:Gugark
1580:
1550:
1542:
1495:
1487:
1453:
1429:
1408:
1355:
1313:
1286:
1256:
288:Gugark
174:Gugark
162:Vazgēn
128:Mother
120:Father
38:Gugark
1801:Khurs
1793:Peroz
1681:Peroz
1548:S2CID
1540:JSTOR
1493:S2CID
1485:JSTOR
1331:. In
1301:. In
1274:. In
326:Peroz
286:) of
99:Issue
44:Reign
1825:Mihr
1578:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1391:link
1353:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1254:ISBN
461:The
400:Vard
74:Died
1869:In
1780:In
1668:In
1610:of
1532:doi
1477:doi
745:1.
637:2.
465:of
392:Tao
192:.
172:of
77:482
36:of
1966::
1546:.
1538:.
1528:25
1526:.
1491:.
1483:.
1473:17
1471:.
1387:}}
1383:{{
1177:^
1064:^
965:^
914:^
524:r.
446:r.
424:r.
336:c.
309:r.
247:r.
217:r.
160::
1653:e
1646:t
1639:v
1586:.
1561:)
1557:(
1554:.
1534::
1506:)
1502:(
1499:.
1479::
1459:.
1435:.
1414:.
1393:)
1361:.
1319:.
1292:.
1262:.
936:.
521:(
443:(
428:)
421:(
306:(
282:(
244:(
214:(
184:(
156:(
88:,
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