322:
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711:
It is illegal to collect the
Cooktown orchid from its natural environment without a licence. Commercially cultivated plants like a dry, sunny position with a minimum of watering and a temperature that does not fall below 13 °C (55 °F). Specimens need a bush-house in cooler climates.
351:
is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with green or purplish pseudobulbs 200–1,200 mm (8–50 in) long and 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) wide, often with purplish edges. Each pseudobulb has between three and five egg-shaped leaves 100–150 mm (4–6 in) long and 30–35 mm
372:
is 20–26 mm (0.8–1 in) long, 20–28 mm (0.8–1 in) wide and has three lobes. The side lobes are upright and the middle lobe has four or five ridges along its midline and a hairy patch in the middle. Flowering occurs from
February to July.
620:, sought advice as to what native species would be a good floral emblem. Specifically, the government was looking for an easily grown species found only in Queensland, which was decorative, distinctive, and close to the State colour,
656:
newspaper, sought additional suggestions from its readers, and compiled a list of 13 possibilities. In a public poll, the
Cooktown orchid came in first place, the red silky oak in second, and poinsettia
855:
820:
352:(1.2–1.4 in) wide. The arching flowering stems are 200–400 mm (8–20 in) long with between two and twenty lilac-purple, rarely bluish or pinkish flowers. The flowers are
514:
The taxonomy of this species and of its varieties is confused, especially with respect to the scientific name of the
Cooktown orchid. On 19 November 1959, the Cooktown Orchid (
699:
70:
1306:
Adams, Peter B. (2 April 2015). "Dendrobium bigibbum (sect. Phalaenanthe) in
Australia — analysis of diagnostic characters, review of taxa and a new classification".
543:
474:
446:
674:
This orchid species grows on trees and rocks in rainforest, coastal scrub, near rivers, in swamps and open forest in tropical
Queensland. The variety
310:, each with between three and five green or purplish leaves and arching flowering stems with up to twenty, usually lilac-purple flowers. It occurs in
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sepals spread widely apart from each other. The petals are broadly egg-shaped, 25–30 mm (0.98–1.2 in) long and wide. The
1635:
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815:
624:. The Cooktown orchid, which meets these criteria, was one of the four initial suggestions, the others being the red silky oak (
881:
703:. The main threats to the species are "settlement and visitor pressures", inappropriate fire regimes and illegal collection.
17:
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502:, that has the largest flowers in the group but which lack the white spot in the centre of the labellum and occurs between
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are oblong to egg-shaped, 20–30 mm (0.79–1.2 in) long and 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) wide. The
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907:
1029:
340:
There are four varieties of this orchid, each of which has previously been considered a separate species.
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732:. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna. 2010-10-14
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a lithophyte with a narrow distribution at an elevation of 250 m (800 ft) in the
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683:
648:
479:
303:
1811:
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140:
1371:
788:
A complete guide to native orchids of
Australia including the island territories
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183:
127:
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1919:
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153:
1889:
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41:
663:), already the floral emblem of the capital city Brisbane, came in third.
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In 1968 the
Cooktown orchid was featured on an Australian postage stamp.
478:
that has variably coloured flowers and only grows on Larat Island in the
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1588:
1426:
National
Treasures: Flowering plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia
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1454:
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859:. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),
824:. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),
1505:
1157:"Badges, arms, floral and other emblems of Queensland Act 1959"
299:
232:
173:
1871:
1726:
888:. Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science
700:
Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
357:
114:
87:
81:
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is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government
790:. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 417–418.
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The Queensland government, in preparation for its 1959
558:
and this has been accepted by WCSP. Adams also reduced
522:) was proclaimed as the floral emblem of Queensland. (
1406:. Australian Government Department of the Environment
398:
Four varieties of this species are recognised by the
1036:. Species Orchid Society of Western Australia (Inc.)
605:
1917:
1350:"Floral emblems of Australia - Cooktown Orchid"
27:Species of orchid from Australia and New Guinea
1391:
1389:
958:
965:. London: Bradbury and Evans. pp. 25–26
678:also occurs in southern New Guinea and var.
1386:
962:Gleanings and original memoranda (Volume 3)
669:
1287:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1254:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1221:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
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384:was first formally described in 1852 by
364:sepal is upright or turned back and the
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14:
1918:
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959:Lindley, John; Paxton, Joseph (1853).
856:Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids
821:Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids
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1352:. Australian National Botanic Gardens
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530:had been originally named in 1883 by
388:and the description was published in
1374:. Australian National Botanic Garden
1162:. Australian National Botanic Garden
1149:
774:
926:
851:"Factsheet - Vappodes phalaenopsis"
743:
24:
1864:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20006108-1
1397:"Approved Conservation Advice for
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900:
269:(Lindl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
25:
1957:
1706:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:626928-1
306:Orchidaceae. It has cylindrical
101:
1418:
689:
1448:Limited Edition leather-bound]
849:; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010).
816:"Factsheet - Vappodes bigibba"
814:; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010).
722:
606:Queensland State Floral Emblem
343:
13:
1:
1372:"Australian Plants on Stamps"
715:
1424:Scarth-Johnson, Vera. 2000.
1137:. Plants of the World Online
1104:. Plants of the World Online
1069:. Plants of the World Online
1000:. Plants of the World Online
762:. Plants of the World Online
7:
10:
1962:
1293:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1260:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1227:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
730:"Appendices I, II and III"
640:), and the wheel-of-fire (
637:Heptapleurum actinophyllum
609:
400:Plants of the World Online
1926:EPBC Act vulnerable biota
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1467:
1328:10.1007/s12225-015-9565-x
312:tropical North Queensland
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98:Scientific classification
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1941:Plants described in 1852
786:Jones, David L. (2006).
670:Distribution and habitat
283:, commonly known as the
1243:Dendrobium phalaenopsis
914:. Orchids of New Guinea
540:Dendrobium phalaenopsis
532:Frederick Manson Bailey
630:), the umbrella tree (
415:mauve butterfly orchid
337:
329:
289:mauve butterfly orchid
1946:Symbols of Queensland
1936:Orchids of Queensland
1783:Vappodes phalaenopsis
1432:Gallery Association.
861:Australian Government
826:Australian Government
660:Euphorbia pulcherrima
632:Brassaia actinophylla
612:Symbols of Queensland
546:reduced Fitzgerald's
423:Torres Strait Islands
335:
324:
18:Vappodes phalaenopsis
643:Stenocarpus sinuatus
536:Robert D. FitzGerald
258:Durabaculum bigibbum
1576:Dendrobium bigibbum
1511:dendrobium-bigibbum
1469:Dendrobium bigibbum
1430:Vera Scarth-Johnson
1399:Dendrobium bigibbum
1320:2015KewBu..70...16A
1276:Dendrobium bigibbum
1184:Dendrobium bigibbum
1129:Dendrobium bigibbum
1096:Dendrobium bigibbum
1061:Dendrobium bigibbum
1032:Dendrobium bigibbum
992:Dendrobium bigibbum
936:Dendrobium bigibbum
910:Dendrobium bigibbum
884:Dendrobium bigibbum
758:Dendrobium bigibbum
707:Use in horticulture
695:Dendrobium bigibbum
524:Dendrobium bigibbum
516:Dendrobium bigibbum
486:Dendrobium bigibbum
458:Dendrobium bigibbum
433:Dendrobium bigibbum
419:Cape York Peninsula
407:Dendrobium bigibbum
382:Dendrobium bigibbum
377:Taxonomy and naming
349:Dendrobium bigibbum
280:Dendrobium bigibbum
226:Dendrobium bigibbum
51:Conservation status
1214:Vappodes lithocola
564:Vappodes lithocola
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261:(Lindl.) M.A.Clem.
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1662:Open Tree of Life
1461:Taxon identifiers
627:Grevillea banksii
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649:The Courier-Mail
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550:to a synonym of
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393:'s Flower Garden
325:Illustration by
314:, Australia and
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592:D. striaenopsis
576:D. phalaenopsis
548:D. phalaenopsis
500:Cooktown orchid
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1188:phalaenopsis
1187:
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1378:16 November
1356:16 November
1196:15 November
1166:16 November
1040:16 November
969:16 November
944:16 November
918:16 November
892:16 November
596:D. bigibbum
584:D. bigibbum
568:D. bigibbum
560:David Jones
552:D. bigibbum
544:Peter Adams
542:.) In 2015
534:, based on
452:wet tropics
344:Description
308:pseudobulbs
297:lithophytic
180:Subfamily:
174:Orchidaceae
164:Asparagales
141:Angiosperms
84:Appendix II
1931:Dendrobium
1920:Categories
1851:20006108-1
1675:Plant List
1428:, p. 153.
736:2019-12-20
716:References
610:See also:
427:New Guinea
354:resupinate
316:New Guinea
195:Dendrobium
66:Vulnerable
1890:100273116
1680:kew-57202
1314:(2): 16.
1247:compactum
1065:compactum
847:D.L.Jones
812:D.L.Jones
618:Centenary
588:compactum
580:compactum
572:compactum
443:C.T.White
437:compactum
293:epiphytic
202:Species:
111:Kingdom:
1885:Tropicos
1872:Species+
1798:Q1943277
1792:Wikidata
1758:23500675
1753:Tropicos
1727:Species+
1628:626928-1
1484:Q5256685
1478:Wikidata
1133:superbum
1034:complex"
996:bigibbum
676:bigibbum
654:Brisbane
556:superbum
504:Cooktown
490:superbum
480:Tanimbar
471:W.Watson
411:bigibbum
370:labellum
291:, is an
241:Synonyms
170:Family:
154:Monocots
71:EPBC Act
1838:2821971
1667:3988735
1654:1655024
1589:5315699
1550:1093893
1440:(pbk);
1336:1855648
1316:Bibcode
495:Rchb.f.
467:Rchb.f.
421:, some
366:lateral
302:in the
190:Genus:
160:Order:
115:Plantae
86: (
69: (
1812:176227
1719:158381
1688:PLANTS
1641:894664
1615:344967
1602:410955
1524:951241
1506:ARKive
1444:
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1289:(WCSP)
1256:(WCSP)
1223:(WCSP)
1192:. APNI
1141:27 May
1108:27 May
1073:27 May
1004:27 May
940:. APNI
866:27 May
831:27 May
794:
766:27 May
622:maroon
482:group;
413:, the
391:Paxton
362:dorsal
358:sepals
304:family
300:orchid
233:Lindl.
1877:14266
1825:7YF23
1745:10306
1740:SPRAT
1732:22157
1693:DEBI7
1571:FoAO2
1563:DENBI
1537:34MK4
1498:84946
1404:(PDF)
1332:S2CID
1278:var.
1245:var.
1186:var.
1160:(PDF)
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1098:var.
1063:var.
1030:"The
994:var.
634:(now
598:var.
586:var.
578:var.
570:var.
554:var.
526:var.
518:var.
488:var.
460:var.
435:var.
409:var.
148:Clade
135:Clade
122:Clade
88:CITES
82:CITES
1859:POWO
1846:IPNI
1833:GBIF
1807:APNI
1701:POWO
1649:NCBI
1636:ITIS
1623:IPNI
1597:GRIN
1584:GBIF
1558:EPPO
1519:BOLD
1493:APNI
1442:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1412:2018
1380:2018
1358:2018
1198:2018
1168:2018
1143:2024
1110:2024
1075:2024
1042:2018
1006:2024
971:2018
946:2018
920:2018
894:2018
868:2021
833:2021
792:ISBN
768:2024
652:, a
590:and
506:and
498:the
1898:WFO
1820:CoL
1766:WFO
1714:RHS
1545:EoL
1532:CoL
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