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foro della citta di Phnom Penh" », Rassegna dei lavori pubbici vol 4, 1964 ↑ HANNING, Gerald, BODIANSKY, Vladimir, VANN Molyvann, « "le complexe sportif de Phnom Penh" », Cahiers du Centre
Scientifique et Technique du Batiment vol 73, avril 1964 ↑ HANNING, Gerald, BODIANSKY, Vladimir, VANN Molyvann, « "le complexe olympique de Phnom Penh" », Architecture d'Aujourd'hui vol 34, 1964
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HANNING, Gerald, BODIANSKY, Vladimir, VANN Molyvann, « "le complexe olympique et forum de Phnom Penh - dans la grande tradition angkorienne" », Techniques et
Architecture vol 25, 1964 ↑ (it) HANNING, Gerald, BODIANSKY, Vladimir, VANN Molyvann, « "complesso olimpico des Sud-Est Asiatico
574:. In 2001, he was removed from his post in APSARA over disputes with the government over who should benefit from admissions to the temples, and how the area should be developed. Molyvann had wanted a separate "tourist village" to be built separate from both the temples and Siem Reap's old town, with
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in 2014. The
National Sports Complex was sold to a private developer in 2001 which filled up its vital hydraulic system, consisting of moats and water treatment stations, with shoddy constructions, hence compromising its survival and increasing flood risk. Molyvann expressed his anger at these
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and Thai
Naraksathya, secretary of state at the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, all offered condolences to Molyvann's family and acknowledged Molyvann's impact and legacy. His funeral was held on 1 October 2017 in Siem Reap, with some of his ashes released into the water to the east of
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whilst incorporating traditional designs and the local environmental conditions led to him being nicknamed "the man who built
Cambodia". The Vann Molyvann Project was established in 2009 to raise awareness of New Khmer Architecture among local architects. In 2013, Vann Molyvann won the
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changes, arguing "The
Taiwanese company see it as a profit-making building; they have no concept of art. We created that building out of the traditions of Angkorian architecture. But the government doesn't care about all that tradition."
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in 1996, the awards program honours people in Asia who have made significant contributions in three areas: regional growth, science, technology and innovation, and culture. In 2016, he was the subject of a documentary titled
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Molyvann's 100 Houses remained a residential area at the time of his death, despite limited conservation work taking place on the buildings. The
Olympic Stadium also remains a popular public space for Phnom Penh residents.
535:. After the Khmer Rouge fell in 1979, many of his buildings were used by the returning population but fell into disrepair and neglect. He chose not to return then as the subsequent rulers were "still communists".
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standards, was the largest venue in
Cambodia, with a moat around it to prevent flooding. Molyvann considered this project his greatest achievement. Built in less than two years with the intent for it to house the
519:. Molyvann had been the Sangkum's longest serving Minister of Education and was a likely target to reprisals from the new regime due to his close relationship with Sihanouk. He and his family relocated to
531:. The Khmer Rouge unsuccessfully attempted to destroy the National Bank in Sihanoukville, and used the Sports Complex for mass rallies. Molyvann's father and several of his family members perished in the
605:, and was declared hazardous by authorities and torn down in 2017. In 2008, Molyvann completed his doctoral thesis on the development and planning of Asian cities entitled Modern Khmer Cities.
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Molyvann returned to
Cambodia in 1991 where he served as President of the Council of Ministers, Minister of Culture, Fine Arts, Town and Country Planning. He successfully applied to have his
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As a result of the war, Molyvann remained obscure in
Cambodia and internationally until near the end of his life. He remains an influential figure for local architects. In his obituary
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in the culture category. His works on famous landmarks such as the Olympic Stadium and the Independence Monument were highly recognized. Nikkei Asia Prizes was launched by
433:. Molyvann proceeded to coalesce a council for the new university by meeting students, teachers and scholars around the country. In 1967, Molyvann was also appointed the
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and the Exhibition Hall neighboured with large housing experiments. He also designed many of Cambodia's embassies and exhibitions abroad. Sihanouk also commissioned
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agreed to rebuild the theatre in 2005 in exchange for the rights to the surrounding land. One of Molyvann's housing developments, by then known as the
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that were then awarded to Indonesia, it was only inaugurated in 1964, and became known as the Olympic Stadium. It hosted such important events as the
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city, aged 90. His assistant said he had died of old age and was not sick. He was survived by his wife, three daughters and two sons. Prime minister
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called on to lead the design of new state infrastructure. As the most qualified architect, Molyvann was promptly appointed Head of Public Works and
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by ensuring large hotels were built outside the borders of the temple complex. He also successfully advocated for the temples to be granted
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in Phnom Penh was failing to consider its environment and water management, creating greater risk of flooding. For this he was critical of
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318:. He remained in Paris for several more years, studying from 1947 to 1954 in the Arretche studio and working as an architect. He knew
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Grant Ross Helen and Collins Darryl Leon: Building Cambodia: 'New Khmer Architecture' 1953-1970, Bangkok: The Key Publisher, 2006
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Grant Ross Helen and Collins Darryl Leon: Building Cambodia: 'New Khmer Architecture' 1953-1970, Bangkok: The Key Publisher, 2006
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commented that by the time of his death, Molyvann was widely respected by many Cambodians for his vision and integrity.
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By the early 21st century, Molyvann's urban planning and many of his buildings were under threat due to redevelopment,
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While in Switzerland, he continued to work as an architect, as well as working on urban development for the
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was destroyed in a fire in 1994, and the Council of Ministers building was demolished in 2008. Tycoon
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1375:"Vann Molyvann, visionary architect who shaped Phnom Penh, receives a final farewell in Siem Reap"
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had been the best of farmers, and the system of prek and boeng, or canals and ponds, truly is the
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at Preah Sisowath High School in 1944, Molyvann obtained a scholarship to pursue studies in
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Authority for the Protection of the Site and Management of the Region of Angkor (APSARA)
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Anatomy of a Crisis: Education, Development, and the State in Cambodia, 1953-1998
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Gerles, François, Grant Ross, Helen, L'urbanisme du Sangkum Reastr Niyum X
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development in Phnom Penh, where a mix of cultural facilities such as the
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era as one of only a handful of trained Cambodian architects, whom Prince
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is an organization dedicated to documenting the work of Vann Molyvann.
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1042:"Vann Molyvann, Architect Who Shaped Cambodia's Capital, Dies at 90"
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In 1970 the Sangkum Reastr Niyum came to a brutal end with the
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to reshape and modernise Cambodia through the construction of
1419:"For Vann Molyvann's 100 Houses, Little Hope of Conservation"
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to a poor family. After being the first student to pass the
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Molyvann developed a unique style that combined traditional
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1250:"Documentary celebrates Cambodia's most renowned architect"
1090:"Vann Molyvann: the unsung hero of Phnom Penh architecture"
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Inspired by the numerous universities in post-independence
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I realized that there was no need to invent anything, The
262:, returning to Cambodia in 1991. He was appointed head of
203:. Molyvann is best known as pioneering the style known as
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Guided tours around Phnom Penh highlighting his buildings
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Later in life, Molyvann expressed resentment that modern
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Vann Molyvann died on 28 September 2017, at his home in
298:, France in 1946. After one year of law, he switched to
195:; 23 November 1926 – 28 September 2017) was a Cambodian
234:. He is credited with modernising the nation's capital
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with the help of the ambassador to Israel. During the
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and designing several iconic landmarks, including the
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Building Cambodia: 'New Khmer Architecture' 1953-1970
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1346:"Architect Vann Molyvann dies in Siem Reap at 90"
902:"Nation mourns legendary architect Vann Molyvann"
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358:Molyvann returned to Cambodia in 1956 during its
348:system that we must perfect and continue to use.
222:between 1957 and 1970, Molyvann was appointed by
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1125:"Cambodia's disappearing modernist architecture"
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1373:Phak, Seangly; Handley, Erin (2 October 2017).
1325:"Vann Molyvann: Cambodia's forgotten architect"
558:returned to him. He was also appointed head of
467:In 1962, Molyvann designed the 60,000 capacity
429:, Sihanouk also ordered Molyvann to create the
406:developments in several districts of the city.
1459:LIVING ASEAN - Inspiring Tropical Lifestyle //
1007:Grant Ross, Helen and Collins, Darryl Leon,
1491:Chapter 7 devoted entirely to Vann Molyvann
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1225:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 100.
801:Chapter 7 devoted entirely to Vann Molyvann
1587:United Nations Human Settlements Programme
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544:United Nations Human Settlements Programme
306:), after being inspired by a meeting with
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930:"Vann Molyvann: my legacy will disappear"
589:and speculative land deals. His landmark
542:. He also spent 10 years working for the
495:offered Molyvann the opportunity to help
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304:École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts
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491:Impressed with his work in Phnom Penh,
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1196:"Cambodia: A Message for the U.S."
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1607:Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
1562:Winners of the Nikkei Asia Prize
1294:Steinglass, Matt (15 May 2005).
928:Knox, Claire (25 January 2013).
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170:Royal University of Phnom Penh
160:Institute of Foreign Languages
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775:SKD Brewery and staff housing
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507:Civil War and Khmer Rouge era
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1182:"La saga du stade olympique"
1162:"The man who built Cambodia"
1160:Raksmey, Hong (6 May 2019).
870:"The Man who built Cambodia"
650:that Molyvann had designed.
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1557:École des Beaux-Arts alumni
1537:People from Kampot province
421:and canals in his projects.
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1582:Expatriates in Switzerland
982:Vater, Tom (27 May 2010).
674:The Man Who Built Cambodia
488:'s state visit, in 1966.
282:Vann Molyvann was born in
165:Phnom Penh Olympic Stadium
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1506:The Vann Molyvann Project
1395:"Nikkei Asia Prizes 2013"
1194:TIME (9 September 1966).
770:National Bank of Cambodia
729:Chaktomuk Conference Hall
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832:"Vann Molyvann obituary"
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733:Teacher Training College
658:His work in modernising
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618:Cambodian People's Party
471:. The stadium, built to
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989:The Wall Street Journal
708:National Sports Complex
469:National Sports Complex
382:such as Tioulongville (
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1567:New Khmer Architecture
450:New Khmer Architecture
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334:New Khmer Architecture
205:New Khmer Architecture
129:New Khmer Architecture
1577:Cambodian expatriates
1334:– via LA Times.
984:"Modern Masterpieces"
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435:Minister of Education
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372:post-independence era
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272:contemporary Cambodia
240:Independence Monument
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1597:Modernist architects
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712:Council of Ministers
360:Sangkum Reastr Niyum
1354:. 28 September 2017
1351:The Phnom Penh Post
1296:"The City He Built"
935:The Phnom Penh Post
755:Vann Molyvann House
568:World Heritage Site
353:Vann Molyvann, 2003
288:French protectorate
252:Cambodian Civil War
16:Cambodian architect
1602:1950s architecture
1592:1960s architecture
1300:The New York Times
1256:. 21 February 2015
1046:The New York Times
690:The New York Times
576:water conservation
550:Return to Cambodia
533:Cambodian genocide
529:forcibly evacuated
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415:Khmer architecture
218:During Cambodia's
1617:World Bank people
1461:. 12 October 2016
1425:. 7 December 2017
1232:978-0-8248-2238-5
1096:. 8 February 2014
665:Nikkei Asia Prize
610:urban development
486:Charles de Gaulle
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