378:
67:
528:(1891–1938), also a Soviet government official, was arrested on December 3, 1937, and executed on April 25, 1938. Another brother, Valentin Mezhlauk, committed suicide in 1938. The youngest brother, Cornelius Mezhlauk (Корнелий Межлаук) (1905–1952), in 1938 officially denounced his older brothers and survived as a state and party official in
499:
in the USSR. Mezhlauk, who was half-Latvian and half-German, was arrested on
December 1, 1937. and accused of treason, industrial sabotage, contacts with the German government, and heading a Latvian counter-revolutionary terrorist organization. He was sentenced to death on July 28, 1938, and executed
484:, Mezhlauk shouted at them: "You have been tormenting the party over many, many years and it is only thanks to the angelic patience of Comrade Stalin that we have not torn you politically to pieces for your vile terroristic work." He also drew a cartoon showing the figures of
866:
861:
871:
508:
Father, Ivan
Martinovich Mezhlauk (John Mežlauks), Latvian; mother, Rosa Schiller, German. Wife, Charna Markovna Mezhlauk (Maers-Mikhailova) (1902–1941), was arrested following the arrest of her husband in 1937 and executed in 1941. Younger brother,
936:
515:
381:
After signing the contract for technical assistance in building the
Nizhnii Novgorod (Gorky) Automobile Plant. Dearborn, Mich., May 31, 1929. Left to right, Valery I. Mezhlauk, Vice Chairman VSNKh of the USSR;
216:
367:
597:
Melnikova-Raich, Sonia (2011). "The Soviet
Problem with Two 'Unknowns': How an American Architect and a Soviet Negotiator Jump-Started the Industrialization of Russia, Part II: Saul Bron".
941:
362:
region. In 1920–24, Mezhlauk was commissar of the Moscow–Baltic, Moscow–Kursk, and
Northern railroads, including, in 1921–1922, as a deputy to the Chief People's Commissar for Transport,
425:(Gosplan), an institution which was emerging as central economic planning department in the state. He became the chairman of Gosplan in April 1934. He was also made vice-chairman of the
876:
886:
374:(VSNKh), the Soviet chief economic planning agency. He remained at VSNKh throughout most of the decade, gaining promotion to vice-chairman of the Council on July 14, 1928.
430:
599:
851:
330:, Mezhlauk became a member of the Kharkov committee of the VKP(b) and of the city's soviet and military revolutionary committee. From 1918 to 1920, during the
946:
881:
926:
510:
476:, Mezhlauk was keen to show his loyalty to Stalin. When the Central Committee met in February 1937 to decide the fate of the former oppositionists
896:
916:
891:
846:
358:; a member of the Revvoensovet of the Southern Front; people's military commissar of the Ukraine; and a member of the Revvoensovet of the
841:
901:
931:
921:
492:– who had both been shot – pointing at Bukharin and Rykov, depicted as wild animals. Bukharin's tail had a swatika at its tip.
339:
311:
836:
716:
176:
806:
371:
188:
911:
906:
831:
741:
691:
658:
426:
951:
586:. Birmingham, England: Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Birmingham. pp. 340–341.
351:
496:
20:
793:
956:
734:
Rasstrel'nye spiski: Moskva, 1937–1941: "Kommunarka", Butovo: kniga pamiati zhertv politicheskikh repressii
434:
802:
399:
306:
mother. In 1914 he earned a degree in history and philology and in 1917 a degree in jurisprudence from
867:
Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
862:
Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
310:, where he also taught from 1913 to 1916. He joined the revolutionary movement and became a member of
872:
Members of the
Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
856:
370:. He would remain at that post until November 1924 when he was moved to the Presidium of the
307:
826:
821:
537:
441:
636:
The
Industrialization of Soviet Russia, Volume 3: The Soviet Economy in Turmoil, 1929–1930
8:
287:
119:
257:
during the decades of the 1920s and 1930s. He is best remembered as the
Chairman of the
66:
616:
407:
395:
342:
in Ukraine; a member of the regional committee of the Ukrainian Communist Party of the
327:
747:
737:
712:
687:
664:
654:
608:
453:
363:
331:
790:
477:
457:
246:
238:
448:(Commerce and Industry Newspaper), a periodical which changed its name in 1930 to
398:, in his capacity as vice-chairman of VSNKh, Mezhlauk, together with President of
798:
582:
Davies, R.W.; Ilič, M.J.; Jenkins, H.P.; Merridale, C.; Wheatcroft, S.G. (1989).
485:
456:
and was well known for his expressive caricatures of Soviet officials, including
415:
684:
The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939
937:
Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union
291:
100:
269:
and was executed on July 29, 1938. He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.
815:
612:
525:
520:(1895–1918), was a Commissar of Jurisprudence in Kazan; he was killed by the
262:
210:
751:
668:
556:
Davies, R.W. (1990). "Valeriy Ivanovich Mezhlauk". In Brown, Archie (ed.).
481:
461:
359:
254:
126:
489:
473:
266:
138:
620:
444:, Mezhlauk was a chief editor of the leading Soviet economics newspaper
421:
In November 1931, Mezhlauk was appointed the first vice-chairman of the
366:. In August 1923 he was made a member of the governing collegium of the
529:
521:
383:
315:
180:
24:
773:
Smykov, G. O. (1967). "Bratia Mezhlauki" [Brothers Mezhlauk].
638:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 167 (fn. 31), 555.
403:
377:
355:
299:
37:
452:("For Industrialization"). He was the author of many works on the
422:
347:
303:
295:
283:
258:
165:
95:
91:
32:
651:
Piggy Foxy and the Sword of Revolution: Bolshevik Self-portraits
533:
500:
the next day. He was posthumously rehabilitated in March 1956.
464:, that he made during official meetings and Party conferences.
387:
343:
253:) (1893–1938) was a government and party official in the
354:(Revvoensovet) of the 5th, 10th, 14th, and 2nd Armies of the
335:
431:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
942:
Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
581:
411:
600:
IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology
440:
In 1929–1930, amidst the industrialization drive of the
282:
Valery Ivanovich Mezhlauk was born February 7, 1893, in
887:
Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
199:
Charna Markovna Mezhlauk (Maers-Mikhailova) (1902–1941)
433:. In 1934–1937 he also served as vice-chairman of the
877:
People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union
794:
another version (last picture was made by Bukharin)
338:; people's commissar of finance of the short-lived
261:(Gosplan) from 1934 to 1937. He became a victim of
769:. Riga, Latvia: Latvijas Universitāte. p. 34.
225:Cornelius Ivanovich Mezhlauk (1905–1952) (brother)
649:Vatlin, A. Yu. (2006). Malashenko, Larisa (ed.).
524:during the Russian Civil War. The older brother,
813:
731:
584:Soviet Government Officials, 1922–41: A Handlist
334:, he served as provincial military commissar in
732:Eremina, L. S.; Roginskii, A. B., eds. (2000).
596:
222:Valentine Ivanovich Mezhlauk (?–1938) (brother)
852:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
681:
947:Latvian people executed by the Soviet Union
558:The Soviet Union: A Biographical Dictionary
682:J. Arch Getty, and Oleg V. Naumov (1999).
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
427:Council of People's Commissars of the USSR
346:; a member of the military commandment in
65:
927:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
799:Newspaper clippings about Valery Mezhlauk
777:. Kazan: Tatknigoizdat. pp. 314–324.
764:
711:. New York: Atlas & Co. p. 53.
686:. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. 387–88.
376:
882:People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry
564:
814:
772:
648:
633:
555:
312:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
917:National University of Kharkiv alumni
767:Antīkās filozofijas recepcija Latvijā
736:(in Russian). M: Memorial – Zven'ia.
706:
627:
495:In November 1937, the NKVD began the
653:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
549:
892:Soviet defence ministers of Ukraine
847:Ukrainian people of Latvian descent
560:. New York: Macmillan. p. 249.
467:
412:first Soviet automobile plant (GAZ)
372:Supreme Council of National Economy
13:
897:Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
842:Ukrainian people of German descent
791:Some of Mezhlauk's famous cartoons
368:People's Commissariat of Transport
340:Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
14:
968:
902:20th-century Ukrainian economists
784:
298:), one of five sons of an ethnic
932:Great Purge victims from Ukraine
922:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
406:, signed the agreement with the
321:
446:Torgovo-promyshchlennaia gazeta
410:for assistance in building the
758:
725:
700:
675:
642:
590:
352:Revolutionary Military Council
277:
1:
386:; Saul G. Bron, President of
314:in 1907. Mezhlauk joined the
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
837:People from Kharkovsky Uyezd
543:
435:Council of Labor and Defense
272:
7:
803:20th Century Press Archives
775:Bortsy za schastie narodnoe
472:In the early stages of the
243:Вале́рий Ива́нович Межла́ук
10:
973:
709:Inside the Stalin Archives
19:In this name that follows
18:
765:Vecvagars, Maris (2013).
503:
429:and a full member of the
302:nobleman, a teacher, and
242:
235:Valery Ivanovich Mezhlauk
217:Martin Ivanovich Mezhlauk
203:
195:
172:
160:
152:
144:
133:
108:
78:Valery Ivanovich Mezhlauk
73:
64:
53:
46:
16:Soviet political activist
912:Russian male journalists
907:Soviet newspaper editors
832:Politicians from Kharkiv
707:Brent, Jonathan (2008).
416:Nizhnii Novgorod (Gorky)
259:State Planning Committee
166:State Planning Committee
497:mass arrest of Latvians
189:Russian Communist Party
952:Soviet rehabilitations
538:Novo-Devichye Cemetery
391:
250:
634:Davies, R.W. (1989).
450:Za industrializatsiiu
423:State Planning Agency
380:
219:(1895–1918) (brother)
213:(1891–1938) (brother)
442:first five-year plan
394:On May 31, 1929, in
139:Stalin's Great Purge
957:Chairman of Gosplan
326:In 1917, after the
288:Kharkov Governorate
134:Cause of death
408:Ford Motor Company
396:Dearborn, Michigan
392:
350:; a member of the
328:Russian Revolution
308:Kharkov University
718:978-0-9777433-3-9
454:socialist economy
364:Felix Dzerzhinsky
332:Russian Civil War
251:Valērijs Mežlauks
232:
231:
59:Valērijs Mežlauks
964:
779:
778:
770:
762:
756:
755:
729:
723:
722:
704:
698:
697:
679:
673:
672:
646:
640:
639:
631:
625:
624:
594:
588:
587:
579:
562:
561:
553:
519:
478:Nikolai Bukharin
468:Arrest and death
458:Nikolai Bukharin
244:
186:
164:Chairman of the
137:Executed during
115:
103:
88:February 7, 1893
87:
85:
69:
60:
56:
44:
43:
972:
971:
967:
966:
965:
963:
962:
961:
812:
811:
787:
782:
763:
759:
744:
730:
726:
719:
705:
701:
694:
680:
676:
661:
647:
643:
632:
628:
595:
591:
580:
565:
554:
550:
546:
513:
511:Martin Mezhlauk
506:
486:Georgy Pyatakov
470:
324:
280:
275:
228:
187:
184:
173:Political party
129:
117:
113:
104:
99:
89:
83:
81:
80:
79:
58:
57:
55:Валерий Межлаук
54:
49:
48:Valery Mezhlauk
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
970:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
857:Old Bolsheviks
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
810:
809:
796:
786:
785:External links
783:
781:
780:
757:
742:
724:
717:
699:
692:
674:
659:
641:
626:
589:
563:
547:
545:
542:
505:
502:
469:
466:
323:
320:
318:in July 1917.
292:Russian Empire
279:
276:
274:
271:
230:
229:
227:
226:
223:
220:
214:
207:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
174:
170:
169:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
148:Latvian–German
146:
142:
141:
135:
131:
130:
118:
116:(aged 45)
110:
106:
105:
101:Russian Empire
90:
77:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
51:
50:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
969:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
808:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
789:
788:
776:
768:
761:
753:
749:
745:
743:9785787000443
739:
735:
728:
720:
714:
710:
703:
695:
693:0-300-07772-6
689:
685:
678:
670:
666:
662:
660:9780300108491
656:
652:
645:
637:
630:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
593:
585:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
559:
552:
548:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:Ivan Mezhlauk
523:
517:
512:
501:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
389:
385:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
322:Soviet career
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:(present-day
293:
289:
285:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
236:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:Ivan Mezhlauk
209:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
111:
107:
102:
97:
93:
76:
72:
68:
63:
52:
45:
40:
39:
34:
31: and the
30:
26:
22:
774:
766:
760:
733:
727:
708:
702:
683:
677:
650:
644:
635:
629:
604:
598:
592:
583:
557:
551:
536:, buried at
507:
494:
482:Alexei Rykov
471:
462:Leon Trotsky
449:
445:
439:
420:
393:
325:
281:
255:Soviet Union
234:
233:
120:
114:(1938-07-29)
112:29 July 1938
36:
28:
827:1938 deaths
822:1893 births
607:(1/2): 10.
514: [
490:Lev Kamenev
474:Great Purge
278:Early years
267:Great Purge
191:(1918–1937)
185:(1907–1918)
168:(1934–1937)
153:Citizenship
145:Nationality
33:family name
816:Categories
532:; died in
530:Kazakhstan
522:White Army
384:Henry Ford
181:Bolsheviks
121:Kommunarka
84:1893-02-07
25:patronymic
613:0160-1040
544:Footnotes
404:Saul Bron
316:RSDLP (b)
273:Biography
204:Relatives
29:Ivanovich
752:78216573
669:65165425
621:23757906
356:Red Army
123:, Butovo
38:Mezhlauk
805:of the
801:in the
437:(STO).
348:Donetsk
300:Latvian
296:Ukraine
290:of the
286:in the
284:Kharkov
247:Latvian
239:Russian
96:Ukraine
92:Kharkov
750:
740:
715:
690:
667:
657:
619:
611:
534:Moscow
504:Family
400:Amtorg
388:Amtorg
344:Donbas
304:German
263:Stalin
196:Spouse
161:Office
23:, the
771:Also
617:JSTOR
518:]
414:near
336:Kazan
177:RSDLP
748:OCLC
738:ISBN
713:ISBN
688:ISBN
665:OCLC
655:ISBN
609:ISSN
488:and
480:and
460:and
360:Tula
156:USSR
127:USSR
109:Died
74:Born
807:ZBW
265:’s
35:is
27:is
818::
746:.
663:.
615:.
605:37
603:.
566:^
540:.
516:ru
418:.
402:,
249::
245:;
241::
183:)
125:,
98:,
94:,
754:.
721:.
696:.
671:.
623:.
390:.
237:(
179:(
86:)
82:(
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)