482:. In late July, an adult female was found bringing up fresh soil to the burrow entrance daily. The animal was removed and the burrow excavated for examination The mound at the entrance consisted of an estimated 8 US gal (0.030 m) of soil. The soil was of varying dates of accumulation, since the lower layers appeared packed from previous seasons. The burrow itself had this main opening as well as two alternates, which were concealed from external observation and likely served as avenues of escape if a predator were to enter the burrow. The main shafts of the burrow were around 3.5 in (89 mm) in diameter. Chambers were established and varying intervals throughout the burrow, possibly to allow for storage of earth being excavated or safe haven from predators. At a distance of around 8 ft (2.4 m) from the entrance, a nest had been constructed. The nest itself was made from leaves of locally abundant "glacier grass" (
514:, writing in 1891, documented reports of the Columbian ground squirrel's behavior provided by local observers in Idaho. If disturbed while out of the burrow, the squirrels stood at attention, watching while approached to within a few yards, then raced for the burrow entrance, making squeaks and whistles. Locals called them "Seven sleepers", because they stayed underground for about seven months of the year. They were noted to have ample fat supplies when entering burrows to hibernate, but observed to be weak and thin when emerging the following spring. The mounds excavated by burrowing squirrels ranged from 3–10 inches (76–254 mm) in height. The burrows descended vertically from the entrance 18–24 inches (460–610 mm).
220:
42:
808:
356:
442:
712:
3041:
523:
98:
492:
824:
Merriam reported that he was able to obtain "a fine series of specimens" from near Moscow, within about 40 metres (0.040 km) from the locale where Lewis and Clark's obtained their specimens. Other were obtained from a site even closer. Based on his observations and comparison with the notes of Lewis and Clark, Merriam assessed that the
Columbian ground squirrel was not a variant of the Arctic ground squirrel, but a separate species, which he named as
73:
4409:
504:
season. Columbian ground squirrel activity patterns are sensitive to climate and ambient light, avoiding cloudy days, cold winds, and inclement weather. They emerge from dens about an hour before sunrise and return near sunset. They are active during the hottest parts of the day, but more likely to be found out around mid-morning.
455:
breeding, as the testes of other ground squirrels have been found to shrink in size and stop sperm production during hibernation. Adult males are followed by adult females, yearlings, then juveniles. Animals at higher elevations and latitudes emerge later. They emerge from hibernation and start breeding earlier at low elevations.
458:
They raise one litter per year. Young are born naked, blind, and toothless. After 5–6 days, their weight has doubled. They are covered with dark silky hair by day 12. Around day 17, the eyes are beginning to open. They may emerge into the sunlight outside the den around day 21-24. After 4 weeks,
503:
The most common activities for
Columbian ground squirrels, while above ground, include standing at attention, feeding, and grooming. More time was spent standing at attention than engaging in other activities. Aggressive behavior was observed most commonly in adult males, particularly early in the
454:
is at its warmest. During hibernation, the squirrels are positioned vertically in a tight ball. The temperature drops significantly, the heart rate slows and respirations are scarcely perceptible. The first group to emerge is adult males, which is likely due to their need to regrow their testes for
449:
Columbian ground squirrels in
Alberta hibernate around 250 days a year, with only 69–94 days of activity observed. The amount of time active varies depending on local climate as well as variations in behavior of animals of different sexes and ages. Each sex and age group hibernates at different soil
386:
variants have been found. An albino squirrel was captured alive by a student near
Pullman, Washington in 1932. It had been in an alfalfa field. The animal had white hair and pink eyes. A zoologist reported intentions to keep the animal alive to study genetic inheritance patterns. The following year,
327:
ground squirrels. They are stout, with short dense fur, which is characteristically tawny across the bridge of the nose. Social encounters sometimes are initiated with kissing behavior and the most common activity above ground is standing at attention. Residing in mountainous terrain and high plains
722:
Treatment of female
Columbian ground squirrels with flea powder resulted in an improved condition of treated animals. Litters produced by treated females were larger. The treated females were gained mass between the time the young were born, through weaning. Untreated cohorts, on the other hand,
823:
in 1829. Richardson described it as a variant of the Arctic ground squirrel, obtained from the Rocky
Mountains near the source of the Elk River. Merriam knew of the presence of the squirrel, but his party was there late in the season and no squirrels were directly observed in the field. However,
462:
Before their first hibernation, newborn
Columbian ground squirrels only have a period of a few weeks to wean off their mother's milk. Because of this, the 27 day lactation period of the mother squirrel is the young's primary opportunity to get the nutrition necessary for surviving hibernation. The
499:
The two types of burrow entrance were also noted by other observers, with one being small and roughly the same diameter as the tunnel itself, while another larger and more funnel shaped. The amount of soil excavated is around 4–12 kg (8.8–26.5 lb) per year, with an estimated 4–7 m
347:
The hair is dense and relatively short. The facial fur is bronze across the bridge of the nose. The fur along the back, legs, and feet is a more cinnamon buff, with darker fur closer to the body. There is a pale beige to buff ring of fur around the eye. The neck fur is gray along the sides of the
610:
Population densities are reportedly higher in "agricultural bottomlands" compared to "wheatfields". In subalpine Idaho, the density was recorded at 35 animals per hectare. In
Alberta, densities of juveniles were estimated between 5-20 per hectare, which older animal estimates were 12-16 per
614:
They are "one of the most vegetarian of all the ground squirrels". In the early part of the season, they primarily eat succulent fresh vegetation. When the vegetation grows more tough, they are inclined to eat more grains and seeds. By the end of the season, they appear enormously fat.
530:
Columbian ground squirrels live in colonies distributed discontinuously throughout their range. They are found in alpine and subalpine areas, along the edges of meadows or on mounds where meadow flooding occurs. They are not found as frequently in rocky, fellfield, heather, or herbfield
3052:
With the advent of intensive agricultural practices in their range, Columbian ground squirrels came to be seen as pests, negatively impacting harvests of wheat and other crops. In 1910, the
Washington Agricultural Experiment Station began a comprehensive study in a location known as
607:) might use or raid provisioned burrows. Observations of possible killings of meadow voles by Columbian ground squirrels were published in 1985. These killings did not appear motivated for purposes of predation, so may have been motivated by defense of home territory and resources.
344:. They have a relatively sturdy, robust build. They measure 325–410 mm (12.8–16.1 in) in length overall, with a tail measuring 80–116 mm (3.1–4.6 in). The hind feet measure 47–57 mm (1.9–2.2 in) and the ear 16–22.5 mm (0.63–0.89 in).
328:
in northern latitudes, they hibernate for 8 to 9 months of the year in burrows, which may be used for many years. They are emaciated when emerging in the spring. The
Columbian ground squirrel came to the attention of the scientific community through writings produced by
539:, they inhabit areas of higher elevation and wetter climate. Belding's ground squirrel tends towards drier, sagebrush regions. In Oregon, the Columbian ground squirrel is found primarily in the Blue Mountains, where other characteristic mammal species include: the
3065:
was composed of yards that enclosed natural squirrel dens and was 50 by 90 feet, surrounded by a fence. Associated cabins were used for the study of brooding and hibernating animals. This provided conditions to closely observe them in a near natural setting.
590:
Predation of other vertebrates by Columbian ground squirrels has not been described. However, cannibalism has been observed. Adult females sometimes may kill juveniles as well. It was postulated that sympatric species, including northern pocket gophers,
488:). Varying ages of grass were found, suggesting that the nest had been used during prior seasons. In an adjoining chamber, deeper down in the earth, an older abandoned nest, filled partially with excrement, apparently served as a toilet for the squirrel.
387:
he reported finding three more young albinos in the same area. Around 30 years prior, two albino skins had been collected, also near Pullman. It was proposed that the recessive trait persisted in the locality, appearing at sporadic intervals.
463:
concentrations of most components of the mother's milk vary throughout the lactation period, most dramatically seen in calcium, which typically experiences a 134% increase in concentration from the beginning of lactation to its peak (~17 days
507:
Columbian ground squirrels, when encountering each other, commonly will touch their mouths and noses together, an act resembling kissing. These greetings last 1–5 seconds and may precede other social interactions, including sexual activity.
615:
Examination of stomach contents from a group of 43 squirrels revealed vegetable matter in all cases. Nothing but vegetation was found in 86% of the stomachs, while 2% contained traces of other mammals and 14% contained insect remains.
819:. At the time, that animal had been thought to be the prairie dog. However, Merriam's assessment was that this was not the case and the animal described by Lewis and Clark was the same as an animal described by naturalist
3082:. The reason for this listing is that the animal is widespread and common in its range and no major threats to the survival of the species are identified. Population trends are listed as stable. Similarly, the state of
403:. They are also found along plains of eastern Washington. In Oregon, they occur in mountainous area in the east-central part of the state. They reside between 700–8,000 feet (210–2,440 m) in elevation.
3086:, considers Columbian ground squirrels an important part of the state's ecosystem, noting that the animals are abundant with a wide spread distribution and are not vulnerable through most of their range.
815:
In 1891, Merriam published an account of the mammals of Idaho, based on an expedition. He concluded that the Columbian ground squirrel is the same animal as the "Burrowing Squirrel" reported by
704:, have been reported. They may be a reservoir for Powassan or St Louis encephalitis virus, based on some antibody screening analyses. Columbian ground squirrels may also suffer dermatitis from
399:, from as far north as western Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. They are found in the western parts of Montana, through central Idaho and into northern and eastern reaches of
414:(Rancholabrean). The site is located at 1,584 metres (5,197 ft) elevation. Fossils of small mammals deposited at this site are primarily attributed to owl predation.
417:
The distribution of the Columbia ground squirrel in Oregon was assessed based on consideration of animals obtained in 71 localities. Over 98% were obtained in the
348:
cheeks. The flanks may be light beige or gray. They have a darker tail, with darker underfur and some lighter beige markings above and dark to grayish white below.
500:(13–23 ft) of annual tunnel construction to established burrows. New burrow construction results in 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) of soil excavation.
430:
5700:
5899:
5873:
3929:
5940:
375:
and less gray above. The sides of the face and throat are also more deeply rust shaded. The legs and feet are darker as well. The skull of
531:
environments as they are in meadows and grasslands. They will occupy disturbed habitats including clear-cuts. In areas where they are
843:
is the type described by Ord in 1815. The specimen type was taken "between the forks of the Clearwater and Kooskooskie rivers", in
5821:
5687:
3360:"The Influence of Hibernation on Testis Growth and Spermatogenesis in the Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Lateralis1"
406:
The known fossil record of the Columbia ground squirrel consists of specimens recovered from the Wasden fossil site (Owl Cave) in
5847:
5713:
4442:
3895:"The Influence of Hibernation on Testis Growth and Spermatogenesis in the Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Lateralis"
17:
4610:
5731:
4300:
4189:
California Ground Squirrels: A Bulletin Dealing with Life Histories, Habits and Control of the Ground Squirrels of California
3418:
5852:
5718:
3690:"Parasite removal and its impact on litter size and body condition in Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus)"
4540:
5945:
5327:
426:
5955:
5786:
4329:
4282:
5904:
5228:
5519:
5492:
5456:
4738:
4592:
4558:
4054:
5528:
5203:
5164:
4567:
4531:
860:
716:
5598:
5465:
5447:
5272:
4601:
820:
625:
548:
536:
479:
5800:
5795:
5726:
5537:
5300:
5139:
4435:
4260:
Svihla, Arthur (September 1933). "Occurrence of a colony of albino ground squirrels near Pullman, Wash".
332:, while 21st century molecular genetics has more finely illuminated its ties with other close relatives.
97:
5545:
5392:
5237:
5173:
4728:
4420:
418:
3508:
5336:
4635:
3850:
3556:"Milk composition in a hibernating rodent, the Columbian ground squirrel ( Urocitellus columbianus )"
474:
examined a Columbia ground squirrel burrow at an elevation of 7,000 ft (2,100 m) near the
5374:
5282:
5130:
4653:
4644:
4206:"Milk composition in a hibernating rodent, the Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus)"
4088:
572:
407:
219:
5891:
3960:
3869:
5666:
5589:
5483:
5291:
5263:
5000:
4886:
4719:
4549:
4239:
Svihla, Arthur (May 1932). "An Albino Columbian Ground Squirrel taken near Pullman, Washington".
728:
3815:
340:
The Columbian ground squirrel is one of the largest members of the genus, the largest being the
5744:
5705:
5629:
5580:
5571:
5510:
5383:
5364:
5355:
5345:
5318:
5309:
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4428:
807:
564:
451:
341:
4180:
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5438:
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580:
556:
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192:
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41:
5950:
5865:
5661:
5009:
4937:
4928:
4919:
4829:
4361:
3457:
3285:
395:
The Columbia ground squirrel is found in western areas of North America. It occurs in the
355:
8:
5063:
5045:
5027:
4991:
4793:
4662:
441:
62:
4365:
4007:
Helgen, Kristofer M.; Cole, F. Russell; Helgen, Lauren E.; Wilson, Don E. (April 2009).
3461:
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4385:
4349:
4269:
4248:
4227:
4148:
4033:
3952:
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792:
400:
232:
92:
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5808:
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4694:
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4377:
4325:
4306:
4296:
4065:
4050:
3916:
3719:
3577:
3528:
3481:
3473:
3424:
3414:
3389:
3381:
3309:
3301:
1187:
786:
780:
484:
464:
422:
4231:
4037:
3979:
3589:
5813:
5679:
5560:
5413:
4964:
4811:
4671:
4389:
4369:
4217:
4140:
4113:
4083:
4023:
3944:
3906:
3881:
3709:
3701:
3567:
3520:
3493:
3465:
3371:
3321:
3293:
2438:
969:
875:
852:
5771:
5153:
5081:
4910:
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4319:
1105:
816:
696:
511:
396:
329:
5878:
3911:
3376:
3359:
3040:
522:
5652:
5108:
4982:
4955:
4877:
4414:
3980:"Possible occurrence of inter-specific killing by a Columbian ground squirrel,
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
740:
618:
Columbian ground squirrels may be parasitized by the Rocky Mountain wood tick (
3444:
3358:
Barnes, Brian M.; Kretzmann, Maria; Licht, Paul; Zucker, Irving (1986-12-01).
3272:
5934:
5860:
5182:
5054:
4820:
4784:
4286:
4074:
3581:
3532:
3477:
3385:
3305:
3079:
2267:
774:
752:
734:
540:
310:
82:
77:
4310:
4028:
3885:
3428:
3100:
363:
Two subspecies have been described, which vary in appearance. Compared with
5251:
5217:
5121:
4859:
4775:
4495:
4381:
4222:
4205:
3723:
3705:
3572:
3555:
3485:
3313:
1710:
918:
879:
701:
600:
3920:
3393:
3048:
published the first scientific description of the Columbia ground squirrel
491:
5886:
5834:
5780:
5427:
4766:
4624:
3408:
2609:
746:
668:
658:
475:
411:
315:
169:
4450:
4117:
5826:
5692:
4373:
4273:
4252:
4152:
4127:
3956:
3826:. Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks
3540:
3469:
3297:
3045:
833:
209:
5839:
4009:"Generic Revision in the Holarctic Ground Squirrel Genus Spermophilus"
4900:
4838:
4708:
3796:
3772:
2178:
893:
889:
726:
Predators of the Colombian ground squirrel include the grizzly bear (
592:
532:
324:
320:
109:
5623:
4144:
3948:
3894:
3524:
5765:
5646:
4685:
4502:
4474:
3762:
3760:
159:
129:
4509:
4350:"Hibernating patterns of free-ranging Columbian ground squirrels"
4292:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
3445:"Hibernating patterns of free-ranging Columbian ground squirrels"
3273:"Hibernating patterns of free-ranging Columbian ground squirrels"
3083:
2294:
1285:
768:
762:
757:
678:
450:
depths and begins hibernation when the soil temperature of their
349:
50:
3757:
3413:. Leslie N. Carraway. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4752:
4488:
4481:
4467:
3671:
3669:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
383:
372:
306:
302:
149:
139:
119:
54:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
4295:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 806.
3596:
3220:
3218:
844:
832:
and reapplying the species designation originally applied by
3666:
3608:
3242:
3176:
3735:
3733:
3642:
3230:
3188:
3122:
3075:
885:
They have also been referred to as the burrowing squirrel.
3357:
3215:
4408:
4191:. 11, 12. Vol. VII. California state printing office
3745:
323:, along with marmots, chipmunks, prairie dogs, and other
3855:. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 45–49
3730:
3632:
3630:
3694:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3057:(named after the contemporary genus name of the animal
352:
occurs diffusely, without a clear line of delineation.
4006:
3802:
3778:
4104:
Merriam, C. Hart (30 July 1891). "Mammals of Idaho".
3784:
3627:
4404:
4128:"Predation by Badgers on Columbian Ground Squirrels"
3509:"Predation by Badgers on Columbian Ground Squirrels"
3154:
3152:
3078:
lists the Columbian ground squirrel as a species of
3808:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
867:, was the animal designated by Richardson in 1829.
624:), which is a carrier for the bacteria that causes
4126:
3654:
3443:
3271:
4280:
3849:Bailey, Vernon; Bailey, Florence Merriam (1918).
3766:
3554:Skibiel, Amy L.; Hood, Wendy R. (February 2013).
3164:
3149:
855:, is a synonym. Another synonymous designation,
5932:
3328:
3927:
3675:
3621:
3143:
429:ranges. The remaining squirrels came from the
379:is broader, with more robust zygomatic arches.
313:. It is the second largest member of the genus
4089:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42466A22265632.en
4044:
3209:
3197:
3182:
778:). Predatory birds include the golden eagle (
227:Distribution of the Columbian ground squirrel
4436:
4317:
4063:
3648:
3257:
3236:
3224:
3113:
628:. Other external parasites include the lice
4324:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3848:
3602:
459:they are able to leave the nest altogether.
359:Columbian ground squirrel at burrow entrance
4281:Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. (2005).
3553:
896:) derived from maximum parsimony analysis.
410:. Fossils from this site date to the late
390:
4443:
4429:
4159:
3751:
839:Two subspecies are described. The first,
218:
71:
40:
4221:
4087:
4027:
3910:
3713:
3571:
3375:
4318:Verts, B.J.; Carraway, Leslie N (1998).
4045:Kurtén, Björn; Anderson, Elaine (1980).
3928:Elliott, C. L.; Flinders, J. T. (1991).
3039:
806:
710:
521:
490:
445:Columbian ground squirrel burrow diagram
440:
354:
4611:Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel
4203:
4103:
4049:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3739:
3687:
3636:
865:Spermophilus columbianus erythrogluteia
14:
5933:
4259:
4238:
3977:
3892:
3870:"The mammals and life zones of Oregon"
3867:
3790:
3660:
3170:
3158:
3069:
5628:
5627:
4424:
4347:
4124:
3852:Wild animals of Glacier National Park
3506:
3441:
3406:
3269:
3035:
4178:
4047:Pleistocene mammals of North America
3345:
841:Spermophilus columbianus columbianus
5941:IUCN Red List least concern species
5328:Caucasian mountain ground squirrel
4075:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
872:Spermophilus columbianus ruficaudus
24:
828:, rejecting the genus designation
25:
5967:
4586:(golden-mantled ground squirrels)
4541:EspĂritu Santo antelope squirrel
4400:
849:Spermophilus columbianus albertae
4407:
4183:Citellus columbianus columbianus
4181:"The Columbian ground squirrel (
723:lost mass over this time frame.
96:
5493:Southern Idaho ground squirrel
5457:Northern Idaho ground squirrel
4739:Thirteen-lined ground squirrel
4593:Golden-mantled ground squirrel
4559:White-tailed antelope squirrel
3688:Neuhaus, P. (7 November 2003).
3681:
3547:
3500:
3435:
3400:
3351:
3263:
5165:Baja California rock squirrel
4568:San Joaquin antelope squirrel
666:. Internal parasites include
421:ecoregion, which includes the
335:
13:
1:
5599:Round-tailed ground squirrel
5520:Richardson's ground squirrel
4602:Sierra Madre ground squirrel
3816:"Columbian Ground Squirrel —
3767:Thorington & Hoffman 2005
3089:
863:in 1817. The third synonym,
717:North Central Rockies Forests
715:Columbian ground squirrel in
526:Squirrel posing at Logan Pass
319:, which is part of the tribe
305:common in certain regions of
5538:Long-tailed ground squirrel
5432:(Holarctic ground squirrels)
5395:(Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)
5301:Red-cheeked ground squirrel
5257:(Old World ground squirrels)
5140:Ring-tailed ground squirrel
3868:Bailey, Vernon (June 1936).
694:. Instances of presence of
634:Neohaemotopinus laeviusculus
626:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
7:
5546:Washington ground squirrel
5529:Townsend's ground squirrel
5393:Asia Minor ground squirrel
5229:Père David's rock squirrel
5204:Franklin's ground squirrel
5174:California ground squirrel
4729:Rio Grande ground squirrel
4532:Harris's antelope squirrel
3912:10.1095/biolreprod35.5.1289
3676:Elliott & Flinders 1991
3622:Elliott & Flinders 1991
3507:Murie, J. O. (1992-05-26).
3377:10.1095/biolreprod35.5.1289
3144:Elliott & Flinders 1991
892:of ground squirrels (tribe
878:. The type was taken near
802:
436:
263:Merriam and Stejneger, 1891
10:
5972:
5475:Columbian ground squirrel
5466:Merriam's ground squirrel
5448:Belding's ground squirrel
5337:Tian Shan ground squirrel
5273:Brandt’s ground squirrel (
3442:Young, P. J. (July 1990).
3270:Young, P. J. (July 1990).
3210:Kurtén & Anderson 1980
3198:Kurtén & Anderson 1980
3183:Kurtén & Anderson 1980
674:Trypanosoma otospermophili
517:
35:Columbian ground squirrel
5946:Mammals described in 1815
5755:
5636:
5610:
5558:
5425:
5404:
5375:Speckled ground squirrel
5283:European ground squirrel
5249:
5215:
5194:
5151:
5131:Tropical ground squirrel
5119:
5030:(N. quadrimaculatus)
4898:
4750:
4713:(little ground squirrels)
4706:
4683:
4654:Black-tailed prairie dog
4645:White-tailed prairie dog
4622:
4579:
4518:
4462:
4160:Richardson, John (1829).
3988:Canadian Field-Naturalist
3649:Verts & Carraway 1998
3258:Verts & Carraway 1998
3237:Verts & Carraway 1998
3225:Verts & Carraway 1998
2938:
2914:
2899:
2892:
2877:
2870:
2855:
2848:
2833:
2826:
2802:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2731:
2716:
2709:
2694:
2687:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2643:
2636:
2621:
2614:
2540:
2525:
2518:
2503:
2496:
2472:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2396:
2381:
2374:
2359:
2352:
2328:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2287:
2272:
2260:
2227:
2212:
2205:
2190:
2183:
2171:
2164:
2068:
2053:
2046:
2031:
2024:
2009:
2002:
1987:
1980:
1965:
1958:
1943:
1936:
1921:
1914:
1890:
1866:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1788:
1773:
1766:
1751:
1744:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1703:
1616:
1601:
1594:
1579:
1572:
1548:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1486:
1471:
1464:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1393:
1378:
1371:
1356:
1349:
1334:
1327:
1312:
1297:
1290:
1278:
1236:
1221:
1214:
1199:
1192:
1163:
1139:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1098:
1091:
1040:
1025:
1018:
1003:
996:
981:
974:
945:
930:
923:
911:
904:
874:was described in 1928 by
811:Columbian ground squirrel
772:sp.), and mountain lion (
706:Dermatophilus congolensis
642:Opisocrostis tuberculatus
549:Belding's ground squirrel
537:Belding's ground squirrel
293:Columbian ground squirrel
238:
231:
226:
217:
198:
191:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
5956:Taxa named by George Ord
5667:Spermophilus_columbianus
5638:Spermophilus columbianus
5590:Spotted ground squirrel
5565:(pygmy ground squirrels)
5484:Wyoming ground squirrel
5386:(Spermophilus taurensis)
5365:Relict ground squirrel (
5346:Pallid ground squirrel (
5292:Daurian ground squirrel
5264:Alashan ground squirrel
5238:Forrest's rock squirrel
5039:(N. quadrivittatus)
5001:Yellow-cheeked chipmunk
4889:(M. vancouverensis)
4887:Vancouver Island marmot
4720:Mexican ground squirrel
4550:Texas antelope squirrel
4451:Living species of tribe
3982:Spermophilus columbianus
3932:Spermophilus columbianus
3603:Bailey & Bailey 1918
882:in northeastern Oregon.
826:Spermophilus columbianus
688:Eimeria callospermophili
630:Enderleinellus suturalis
573:southern red-backed vole
408:Bonneville County, Idaho
391:Distribution and habitat
259:Spermophilus columbianus
5787:Urocitellus columbianus
5757:Urocitellus columbianus
5581:Perote ground squirrel
5572:Mohave ground squirrel
5511:Arctic ground squirrel
5384:Taurus ground squirrel
5377:(Spermophilus suslicus)
5356:Little ground squirrel
5319:Russet ground squirrel
5310:Yellow ground squirrel
4949:(N. cinereicollis)
4947:Gray-collared chipmunk
4839:Groundhog or woodchuck
4636:Gunnison's prairie dog
4163:Fauna boreali-americana
4068:Urocitellus columbianus
4029:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-309.1
3899:Biology of Reproduction
3886:10.5962/bhl.title.19694
3818:Urocitellus columbianus
3364:Biology of Reproduction
870:The second subspecies,
851:, described in 1903 by
729:Ursus arctos horribilis
664:Pygmephorus erlangensis
654:Androlaelaps fahrenholz
605:Microtus pennsylvanicus
561:Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
298:Urocitellus columbianus
202:Urocitellus columbianus
18:Urocitellus columbianus
5601:(X. tereticaudus)
5522:(U. richardsonii)
5502:Piute ground squirrel
5439:Uinta ground squirrel
5303:(S. erythrogenys)
5222:(Asian rock squirrels)
5167:(O. atricapillus)
5021:(N. panamintinus)
4871:(M. flaviventris)
4869:Yellow-bellied marmot
4796:(M. camtschatica)
4321:Land mammals of Oregon
4289:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
4223:10.1644/1-MAMM-A-078.1
4125:Murie, Jan O. (1992).
3978:Harris, M. A. (1985).
3893:Barnes, Brian (1986).
3706:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0073
3700:(Suppl_2): S213–S215.
3573:10.1644/1-MAMM-A-078.1
3410:Land mammals of Oregon
3049:
812:
719:
597:Peromyscus maniculatus
565:northern pocket gopher
527:
496:
446:
360:
342:Arctic ground squirrel
5740:Paleobiology Database
5548:(U. washingtoni)
5477:(U. columbianus)
5266:(S. alashanicus)
4938:Gray-footed chipmunk
4920:Yellow-pine chipmunk
4741:(I. tridecemlineatus)
4348:Young, P. J. (1990).
4204:Skibiel, Amy (2013).
4082:: e.T42466A22265632.
3407:Verts, B. J. (1998).
3043:
810:
714:
621:Dermacentor andersoni
581:western jumping mouse
557:American red squirrel
525:
495:Standing at attention
494:
480:Glacier National Park
472:Vernon Orlando Bailey
444:
358:
309:and the northwestern
5583:(X. perotensis)
5574:(X. mohavensis)
5531:(U. townsendii)
5339:(S. nilkaensis)
5231:(S. davidianus)
5206:(P. franklinii)
5185:(O. variegatus)
5102:(N. townsendii)
5100:Townsend's chipmunk
5048:(N. ruficaudus)
5046:Red-tailed chipmunk
5028:Long-eared chipmunk
5003:(N. ochrogenys)
4992:California chipmunk
4814:(M. himalayana)
4794:Black-capped marmot
4663:Mexican prairie dog
4525:(antelope squirrels)
4210:Journal of Mammalogy
4133:Journal of Mammalogy
4106:North American Fauna
4064:Cassola, F. (2016).
4016:Journal of Mammalogy
3874:North American Fauna
3560:Journal of Mammalogy
3513:Journal of Mammalogy
784:), red-tailed hawk (
646:Oropsylla idahoensis
553:Urocitellus beldingi
250:Arctomys columbianus
5592:(X. spilosoma)
5540:(U. undulatus)
5495:(U. endemicus)
5142:(N. annulatus)
5093:(N. speciosus)
5091:Lodgepole chipmunk
4974:Merriam's chipmunk
4905:(western chipmunks)
4832:(M. menzbieri)
4803:Long-tailed marmot
4769:(M. baibacina)
4697:(E. sibiricus)
4665:(C. mexicanus)
4613:(C. saturatus)
4604:(C. madrensis)
4595:(C. lateralis)
4552:(A. interpres)
4543:(A. insularis)
4366:1990Oecol..83..504Y
4166:. London: J. Murray
4118:10.3996/nafa.5.0002
3824:Montana Field Guide
3462:1990Oecol..83..504Y
3290:1990Oecol..83..504Y
3070:Conservation status
2230:I. tridecemlineatus
750:) American badger (
738:), Pacific marten (
700:, the cause of the
684:Eimeria bilamellata
650:Dermacarus heptneri
184:U. columbianus
63:Conservation status
5459:(U. brunneus)
5450:(U. beldingi)
5416:(T. striatus)
5358:(S. pygmaeus)
5294:(S. dauricus)
5285:(S. citellus)
5240:(S. forresti)
5176:(O. beecheyi)
5133:(N. adocetus)
5111:(N. umbrinus)
5075:(N. siskiyou)
5073:Siskiyou chipmunk
5037:Colorado chipmunk
5019:Panamint chipmunk
5010:Palmer's chipmunk
4994:(N. obscurus)
4976:(N. merriami)
4967:(N. durangae)
4958:(N. dorsalis)
4929:Buller's chipmunk
4862:(M. caligata)
4850:(M. sibirica)
4830:Menzbier's marmot
4695:Siberian chipmunk
4647:(C. leucurus)
4561:(A. leucurus)
4534:(A. harrisii)
4455:(ground squirrels)
4374:10.1007/BF00317201
4283:"Family Sciuridae"
4155:– via JSTOR.
3803:Helgen et al. 2009
3779:Helgen et al. 2009
3470:10.1007/BF00317201
3298:10.1007/BF00317201
3050:
3036:Human interactions
1396:M. vancouveriensis
857:Anisonyx brachiura
813:
793:Accipiter gentilis
720:
569:Thomomys talpoides
528:
497:
447:
361:
301:) is a species of
277:Anisonyx brachiura
5928:
5927:
5913:Open Tree of Life
5630:Taxon identifiers
5621:
5620:
5513:(U. parryii)
5486:(U. elegans)
5441:(U. armatus)
5414:Eastern chipmunk
5084:(N. sonomae)
5064:Allen's chipmunk
5012:(N. palmeri)
4985:(N. minimus)
4965:Durango chipmunk
4940:(N. canipes)
4931:(N. bulleri)
4922:(N. amoenus)
4913:(N. alpinus)
4880:(M. olympus)
4823:(M. marmota)
4812:Himalayan marmot
4805:(M. caudata)
4787:(M. broweri)
4672:Utah prairie dog
4656:(C. ludovicianus)
4582:Callospermophilus
4570:(A. nelsoni)
4456:
4302:978-0-8018-8221-0
4179:Shaw, WT (1918).
3941:Mammalian Species
3742:, pp. 40–41.
3605:, pp. 47–48.
3420:978-0-520-92031-6
3212:, pp. 62–63.
3032:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2927:
2926:
2815:
2814:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2743:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2485:
2484:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2341:
2340:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2153:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2080:
1903:
1902:
1879:
1878:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1561:
1560:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1188:Callospermophilus
1176:
1175:
1152:
1151:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
958:
957:
859:, was applied by
787:Buteo jamaicensis
781:Aquila chrysaetos
692:Eimeria lateralis
638:Neopsylla inopina
485:Luzula parviflora
367:, the population
365:U. c. columbianus
289:
288:
282:
273:
264:
255:
244:
86:
27:Species of rodent
16:(Redirected from
5963:
5921:
5920:
5908:
5907:
5895:
5894:
5882:
5881:
5869:
5868:
5856:
5855:
5843:
5842:
5830:
5829:
5817:
5816:
5804:
5803:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5748:
5747:
5735:
5734:
5722:
5721:
5709:
5708:
5696:
5695:
5683:
5682:
5670:
5669:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5625:
5624:
5561:Xerospermophilus
5504:(U. mollis)
5312:(S. fulvus)
5158:(rock squirrels)
5082:Sonoma chipmunk
4911:Alpine chipmunk
4848:Tarbagan marmot
4521:Ammospermophilus
4454:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4393:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4314:
4277:
4256:
4235:
4225:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4156:
4130:
4121:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4091:
4060:
4041:
4031:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3959:. Archived from
3938:
3924:
3914:
3905:(5): 1289–1297.
3889:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3717:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3625:
3619:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3575:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3447:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3379:
3370:(5): 1289–1297.
3355:
3349:
3343:
3326:
3325:
3275:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3147:
3141:
3120:
3111:
2895:
2894:
2873:
2872:
2851:
2850:
2829:
2828:
2783:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2712:
2711:
2690:
2689:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2639:
2638:
2617:
2616:
2521:
2520:
2499:
2498:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2439:Xerospermophilus
2377:
2376:
2355:
2354:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2290:
2289:
2263:
2262:
2208:
2207:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2049:
2048:
2027:
2026:
2005:
2004:
1983:
1982:
1961:
1960:
1939:
1938:
1917:
1916:
1869:S. xanthopyrmnus
1847:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1769:
1768:
1747:
1746:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1597:
1596:
1575:
1574:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1467:
1466:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1374:
1373:
1352:
1351:
1330:
1329:
1293:
1292:
1281:
1280:
1217:
1216:
1195:
1194:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1021:
1020:
999:
998:
977:
976:
970:Ammospermophilus
926:
925:
914:
913:
907:
906:
900:
899:
876:Arthur H. Howell
853:Joel Asaph Allen
790:), and goshawk (
545:Sorex monticolus
377:U. c. ruficaudus
371:has a tail more
369:U. c. ruficaudus
281:Rafinesque, 1817
280:
271:
262:
253:
242:
222:
204:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
44:
32:
31:
21:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5916:
5911:
5903:
5898:
5890:
5885:
5877:
5872:
5864:
5859:
5851:
5846:
5838:
5833:
5825:
5820:
5812:
5807:
5799:
5794:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5751:
5743:
5738:
5730:
5725:
5717:
5712:
5704:
5699:
5691:
5686:
5678:
5673:
5665:
5660:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5606:
5564:
5554:
5468:(U. canus)
5431:
5421:
5400:
5348:S. pallidicauda
5321:(S. major)
5256:
5245:
5221:
5211:
5190:
5157:
5154:Otospermophilus
5147:
5115:
5109:Uinta chipmunk
5066:(N. senex)
5057:(N. rufus)
4983:Least chipmunk
4956:Cliff chipmunk
4904:
4894:
4878:Olympic marmot
4853:
4841:(M. monax)
4778:(M. bobak)
4756:
4746:
4712:
4702:
4679:
4628:
4618:
4585:
4575:
4524:
4514:
4458:
4449:
4413:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4303:
4194:
4192:
4169:
4167:
4145:10.2307/1382073
4094:
4092:
4057:
4011:
3997:
3995:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3949:10.2307/3504178
3936:
3858:
3856:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3758:
3752:Richardson 1829
3750:
3746:
3738:
3731:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3643:
3635:
3628:
3620:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3552:
3548:
3525:10.2307/1382073
3505:
3501:
3440:
3436:
3421:
3405:
3401:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3329:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3123:
3112:
3101:
3092:
3072:
3038:
3033:
3024:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2928:
2917:U. richardsonii
2816:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2646:U. washingtonii
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2486:
2475:X. tereticaudus
2428:
2419:
2410:
2342:
2316:C. ludovicianus
2250:
2241:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2056:S. erythrogenys
2012:S. pallidicauda
1968:S. erythrogenys
1904:
1880:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1582:M. camtschatica
1562:
1509:
1500:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1337:M. flaviventris
1268:
1259:
1250:
1177:
1153:
1127:O. atricapillus
1106:Otospermophilus
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
959:
821:John Richardson
817:Lewis and Clark
805:
799:
697:Yersinia pestis
659:Macrocheles sp.
520:
512:C. Hart Merriam
439:
431:Owyheee Uplands
397:Rocky Mountains
393:
338:
330:Lewis and Clark
285:
279:
270:
261:
252:
246:
245:
213:
206:
200:
187:
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5969:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5909:
5896:
5883:
5870:
5857:
5844:
5831:
5818:
5805:
5792:
5777:
5761:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5736:
5723:
5710:
5697:
5684:
5671:
5658:
5642:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5596:
5587:
5578:
5568:
5566:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5543:
5535:
5526:
5517:
5508:
5499:
5490:
5481:
5472:
5463:
5454:
5445:
5435:
5433:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5410:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5390:
5381:
5372:
5362:
5353:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5289:
5280:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5200:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:Rock squirrel
5180:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5106:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5061:
5055:Hopi chipmunk
5052:
5043:
5034:
5025:
5016:
5007:
4998:
4989:
4980:
4971:
4962:
4953:
4944:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4906:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4884:
4875:
4866:
4845:
4836:
4827:
4821:Alpine marmot
4818:
4809:
4800:
4791:
4785:Alaska marmot
4782:
4760:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4736:
4726:
4722:(I. mexicanus)
4716:
4714:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4674:(C. parvidens)
4669:
4660:
4651:
4642:
4638:(C. gunnisoni)
4632:
4630:
4629:(prairie dogs)
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4608:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4415:Mammals portal
4402:
4401:External links
4399:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4360:(4): 504–511.
4345:
4343:
4330:
4315:
4301:
4278:
4257:
4236:
4201:
4176:
4157:
4139:(2): 385–394.
4122:
4101:
4061:
4055:
4042:
4022:(2): 270–305.
4004:
3975:
3925:
3890:
3865:
3845:
3838:
3837:
3807:
3805:, p. 274.
3795:
3793:, p. 147.
3783:
3781:, p. 297.
3771:
3769:, p. 806.
3756:
3754:, p. 106.
3744:
3729:
3680:
3665:
3653:
3641:
3626:
3607:
3595:
3566:(1): 146–154.
3546:
3519:(2): 385–394.
3499:
3456:(4): 504–511.
3434:
3419:
3399:
3350:
3327:
3284:(4): 504–511.
3262:
3260:, p. 189.
3241:
3239:, p. 188.
3229:
3214:
3202:
3200:, pp. 62.
3187:
3185:, p. 215.
3175:
3163:
3148:
3121:
3098:
3091:
3088:
3071:
3068:
3044:Ornithologist
3037:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2836:U. columbianus
2832:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1002:
997:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
980:
975:
973:
965:
964:
961:
960:
956:
955:
952:
951:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
929:
924:
922:
912:
910:
905:
903:
898:
804:
801:
744:), grey wolf (
741:Martes caurina
585:Zapus princeps
577:Myodes gapperi
519:
516:
438:
435:
419:Blue Mountains
392:
389:
337:
334:
287:
286:
284:
283:
274:
268:S. c. albertae
265:
256:
241:
240:
239:
236:
235:
229:
228:
224:
223:
215:
214:
207:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
88:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5968:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5919:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5746:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5663:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5626:
5616:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:S. brevicauda
5271:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5254:sensu stricto
5253:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5196:Poliocitellus
5193:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4860:Hoary marmot
4857:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4776:Bobak marmot
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4731:(I. parvidens
4727:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4446:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4416:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4333:
4331:9780520211995
4327:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4177:
4165:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
4005:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3976:
3966:on 2015-02-20
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3933:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3741:
3736:
3734:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3657:
3651:, p. 33.
3650:
3645:
3639:, p. 40.
3638:
3633:
3631:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3233:
3227:, p. 24.
3226:
3221:
3219:
3211:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3116:
3115:IUCN Red List
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:least concern
3077:
3067:
3064:
3063:The Citellary
3060:
3056:
3055:the Citellary
3047:
3042:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3010:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2992:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:U. townsendii
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:U. townsendii
2692:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:U. townsendii
2619:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:X. perotensis
2523:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:X. mohavensis
2455:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:P. franklinii
2270:
2269:
2268:Poliocitellus
2265:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:M. himalayana
1599:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:O. variegatus
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
979:
978:
972:
971:
967:
966:
963:
962:
954:
953:
950:
949:
943:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
928:
927:
921:
920:
916:
915:
909:
908:
902:
901:
897:
895:
891:
886:
883:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
822:
818:
809:
800:
797:
795:
794:
789:
788:
783:
782:
777:
776:
775:Puma concolor
771:
770:
765:
764:
759:
755:
754:
753:Taxidea taxus
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
736:
735:Canis latrans
731:
730:
724:
718:
713:
709:
707:
703:
699:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:
616:
612:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:montane shrew
538:
534:
524:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
489:
487:
486:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
460:
456:
453:
443:
434:
432:
428:
427:Blue Mountain
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
388:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
357:
353:
351:
345:
343:
333:
331:
326:
322:
318:
317:
312:
311:United States
308:
304:
300:
299:
294:
278:
275:
269:
266:
260:
257:
251:
248:
247:
237:
234:
230:
225:
221:
216:
211:
205:
203:
197:
194:
193:Binomial name
190:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5756:
5637:
5612:
5600:
5591:
5582:
5573:
5559:
5547:
5539:
5530:
5521:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5476:
5474:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5426:
5415:
5405:
5394:
5385:
5376:
5366:
5357:
5347:
5338:
5330:(S. musicus)
5329:
5320:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5284:
5274:
5265:
5252:Spermophilus
5250:
5239:
5230:
5218:Sciurotamias
5216:
5205:
5195:
5184:
5175:
5166:
5152:
5141:
5132:
5122:Notocitellus
5120:
5110:
5101:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5065:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4899:
4888:
4879:
4870:
4861:
4856:Petromarmota
4855:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4822:
4813:
4804:
4795:
4786:
4777:
4768:
4767:Gray marmot
4762:
4751:
4740:
4730:
4721:
4707:
4696:
4684:
4673:
4664:
4655:
4646:
4637:
4623:
4612:
4603:
4594:
4580:
4569:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4519:
4496:Sciuromorpha
4357:
4353:
4335:. Retrieved
4320:
4291:
4287:Wilson, D.E.
4265:
4262:The Murrelet
4261:
4244:
4241:The Murrelet
4240:
4213:
4209:
4193:. Retrieved
4188:
4182:
4168:. Retrieved
4162:
4136:
4132:
4109:
4105:
4093:. Retrieved
4079:
4073:
4067:
4046:
4019:
4015:
3996:. Retrieved
3994:(2): 250–252
3991:
3987:
3981:
3968:. Retrieved
3961:the original
3943:(372): 1–9.
3940:
3931:
3902:
3898:
3877:
3873:
3857:. Retrieved
3851:
3841:
3840:
3828:. Retrieved
3823:
3817:
3810:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3747:
3740:Merriam 1891
3697:
3693:
3683:
3678:, p. 4.
3656:
3644:
3637:Merriam 1891
3624:, p. 3.
3598:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3453:
3449:
3437:
3409:
3402:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3281:
3277:
3265:
3232:
3205:
3178:
3166:
3146:, p. 1.
3114:
3094:
3093:
3073:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3051:
2940:
2939:
2916:
2915:
2901:
2900:
2879:
2878:
2858:U. undulatus
2857:
2856:
2835:
2834:
2804:
2803:
2789:
2788:
2733:
2732:
2718:
2717:
2696:
2695:
2675:U. brunnenus
2674:
2673:
2645:
2644:
2623:
2622:
2608:
2543:X. spilosoma
2542:
2541:
2527:
2526:
2506:X. spilosoma
2505:
2504:
2474:
2473:
2459:
2458:
2437:
2398:
2397:
2384:C. gunnisoni
2383:
2382:
2362:C. parvidens
2361:
2360:
2331:C. mexicanus
2330:
2329:
2315:
2314:
2293:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2229:
2228:
2215:I. parvidens
2214:
2213:
2193:I. mexicanus
2192:
2191:
2177:
2070:
2069:
2055:
2054:
2033:
2032:
2011:
2010:
1989:
1988:
1967:
1966:
1945:
1944:
1923:
1922:
1892:
1891:
1868:
1867:
1853:
1852:
1790:
1789:
1775:
1774:
1753:
1752:
1731:
1730:
1711:Spermophilus
1709:
1618:
1617:
1603:
1602:
1581:
1580:
1550:
1549:
1536:M. baibacina
1535:
1534:
1488:
1487:
1474:M. menzbieri
1473:
1472:
1451:
1450:
1395:
1394:
1380:
1379:
1358:
1357:
1336:
1335:
1314:
1313:
1299:
1298:
1284:
1239:C. madrensis
1238:
1237:
1224:C. lateralis
1223:
1222:
1202:C. saturatus
1201:
1200:
1186:
1165:
1164:
1141:
1140:
1126:
1125:
1104:
1043:A. interpres
1042:
1041:
1027:
1026:
1005:
1004:
983:
982:
968:
948:N. annulatus
947:
946:
932:
931:
919:Notocitellus
917:
887:
884:
880:Wallowa Lake
871:
869:
864:
856:
848:
840:
838:
829:
825:
814:
798:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
725:
721:
705:
702:black plague
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
673:
667:
663:
657:
653:
649:
648:; the mites
645:
641:
637:
636:; the fleas
633:
629:
619:
617:
613:
609:
604:
601:meadow voles
596:
589:
584:
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
529:
510:
506:
502:
498:
483:
470:Mammalogist
469:
461:
457:
452:hibernaculum
448:
416:
405:
394:
381:
376:
368:
364:
362:
346:
339:
314:
297:
296:
292:
290:
276:
267:
258:
249:
201:
199:
183:
182:
170:
29:
5951:Urocitellus
5887:NatureServe
5835:iNaturalist
5781:Wikispecies
5428:Urocitellus
5367:S. relictus
4508:Subfamily:
4337:20 February
4216:: 146–154.
4170:20 February
3880:: 147–149.
3859:21 February
3791:Bailey 1936
3661:Harris 1985
3171:Svihla 1933
3159:Svihla 1932
2805:U. beldingi
2610:Urocitellus
2399:C. leucurus
1990:S. citellus
1946:S. relictus
1924:S. citellus
1893:S. suslicus
1854:S. dauricus
1791:S. pygmaeus
1754:S. pygmaeus
1619:M. sibirica
1359:M. caligata
1142:O. beecheyi
1028:A. harrisii
1006:A. leucurus
984:A. harrisii
933:N. adocetus
888:Below is a
747:Canis lupus
732:), coyote (
669:Trypanosoma
579:), and the
476:Piegan Pass
412:Pleistocene
336:Description
316:Urocitellus
272:Allen, 1903
171:Urocitellus
5935:Categories
4494:Suborder:
4453:Marmotini
4056:0231037333
3970:2015-02-19
3095:Footnotes:
3090:References
3046:George Ord
2941:U. parryii
2902:U. elegans
2880:U. parryii
2790:U. armatus
1732:S. musicus
1489:M. caudata
1452:M. broweri
1381:M. olympus
1315:M. marmota
861:Rafinesque
676:, and the
465:postpartum
401:Washington
5772:Q21730465
4901:Neotamias
4854:Subgenus
4761:Subgenus
4757:(marmots)
4709:Ictidomys
4503:Sciuridae
4466:Kingdom:
4354:Oecologia
4268:(3): 78.
4247:(2): 55.
4112:: 39–42.
3582:0022-2372
3533:1545-1542
3478:0029-8549
3450:Oecologia
3386:0006-3363
3346:Shaw 1918
3306:0029-8549
3278:Oecologia
2719:U. mollis
2179:Ictidomys
2034:S. fulvus
894:Marmotini
890:cladogram
836:in 1815.
682:species:
611:hectare.
593:deer mice
533:sympatric
325:holarctic
321:Marmotini
254:Ord, 1815
178:Species:
160:Sciuridae
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
5892:2.103644
5766:Wikidata
5732:12401015
5706:11166818
5653:Q1767988
5647:Wikidata
5614:Category
4686:Eutamias
4501:Family:
4489:Rodentia
4482:Mammalia
4475:Chordata
4473:Phylum:
4468:Animalia
4382:28313184
4311:62265494
4232:86280776
4038:28483038
3842:Sources:
3724:14667386
3590:86280776
3486:28313184
3429:47011896
3314:28313184
3059:Citellus
2071:S. major
1776:S. major
1551:M. bobak
1300:M. monax
830:Arctomys
803:Taxonomy
672:species
437:Behavior
382:Several
233:Synonyms
156:Family:
150:Rodentia
140:Mammalia
130:Chordata
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
5918:1014254
5879:1001790
5827:7786966
5693:2437295
4772:
4763:Marmota
4753:Marmota
4625:Cynomys
4510:Xerinae
4487:Order:
4480:Class:
4390:2681433
4362:Bibcode
4274:3535311
4253:3534104
4195:1 March
4153:1382073
4095:30 July
3998:1 March
3957:3504178
3921:3828438
3830:5 March
3715:1809932
3541:1382073
3494:2681433
3458:Bibcode
3394:3828438
3322:2681433
3286:Bibcode
3084:Montana
2295:Cynomys
1286:Marmota
769:Neogale
763:Mustela
758:weasels
679:Eimeria
599:), and
571:), the
563:), the
555:), the
518:Ecology
423:Wallowa
350:Molting
212:, 1815)
166:Genus:
146:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
51:Alberta
5853:930318
5840:179998
5801:741555
5719:180151
5595:
5586:
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5551:
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690:, and
662:, and
644:, and
384:albino
373:rufous
307:Canada
303:rodent
55:Canada
5905:50862
5866:42466
5814:7DTRZ
5745:51688
5701:IRMNG
5680:6Z8WY
4386:S2CID
4285:. In
4270:JSTOR
4249:JSTOR
4228:S2CID
4149:JSTOR
4034:S2CID
4012:(PDF)
3964:(PDF)
3953:JSTOR
3937:(PDF)
3586:S2CID
3537:JSTOR
3490:S2CID
3318:S2CID
845:Idaho
535:with
5900:NCBI
5861:IUCN
5848:ITIS
5822:GBIF
5796:BOLD
5714:ITIS
5688:GBIF
4378:PMID
4339:2015
4326:ISBN
4307:OCLC
4297:ISBN
4197:2015
4172:2015
4097:2021
4080:2016
4051:ISBN
4000:2015
3917:PMID
3861:2015
3832:2015
3720:PMID
3578:ISSN
3529:ISSN
3482:PMID
3474:ISSN
3425:OCLC
3415:ISBN
3390:PMID
3382:ISSN
3310:PMID
3302:ISSN
3117:2016
3076:IUCN
3074:The
847:.
766:and
632:and
425:and
291:The
243:List
5874:MDD
5809:CoL
5727:MSW
5675:CoL
5662:ADW
4370:doi
4218:doi
4141:doi
4114:doi
4084:doi
4024:doi
3945:doi
3907:doi
3882:doi
3710:PMC
3702:doi
3698:270
3568:doi
3521:doi
3466:doi
3372:doi
3294:doi
3061:).
834:Ord
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547:),
478:in
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