57:
33:
145:
1838:
1962:
441:
1864:
398:
Herron, Matthew D.; Castoe, Todd A.; Parkinson, Christopher L. (2004). "Sciurid phylogeny and the paraphyly of
Holarctic ground squirrels (
1812:
1851:
539:
232:, while the long-tailed ground squirrel is exclusively found in Asia. The name of the genus is said to be derived from the Latin
707:
509:
A Greek-English
Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie.
1856:
637:
1955:
1424:
1869:
1325:
1616:
347:
40:
1991:
1589:
1553:
835:
689:
655:
320:
284:
1948:
1625:
1300:
1261:
664:
628:
356:
1695:
1562:
1544:
1369:
698:
293:
275:
1778:
1773:
1634:
1397:
1236:
532:
365:
56:
1642:
1489:
1334:
1270:
825:
517:
374:
1571:
1433:
732:
302:
1471:
1379:
1227:
750:
741:
470:
1686:
1580:
1388:
1360:
1097:
983:
816:
646:
439:
311:
1895:
1986:
1726:
1677:
1668:
1607:
1480:
1461:
1452:
1442:
1415:
1406:
1196:
1043:
525:
338:
1843:
1905:
1890:
1764:
1598:
1535:
1070:
965:
329:
266:
1882:
1981:
1799:
1106:
1034:
1025:
1016:
926:
8:
1160:
1142:
1124:
1088:
890:
759:
216:
All but two species are native to the northern and western parts of North
America, from
1710:
1187:
899:
51:
1936:
1877:
1786:
1169:
1133:
1115:
791:
678:
617:
440:
Helgen, Kristofer M.; Cole, F. Russel; Helgen, Lauren E. & Wilson, Don E (2009).
419:
1657:
1510:
1061:
908:
768:
460:
411:
1791:
1928:
1250:
1178:
1007:
944:
549:
177:
128:
415:
1932:
1749:
1205:
1079:
1052:
974:
187:
1975:
1279:
1151:
917:
881:
229:
496:
A Latin dictionary founded on
Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.
465:
209:, and could therefore no longer be retained as a single genus. As a result,
1348:
1314:
1218:
956:
872:
592:
423:
198:
191:
182:
228:; the Arctic ground squirrel inhabits Arctic terrain on both sides of the
1825:
1758:
863:
721:
202:
547:
240:
for "ground squirrel". The proper word for "tail" in classical Latin is
1817:
217:
1830:
997:
935:
805:
221:
68:
1720:
1743:
782:
599:
571:
180:. They were previously believed to belong to the much larger genus
118:
88:
44:
606:
32:
1804:
849:
585:
578:
564:
225:
206:
108:
98:
78:
173:
442:"Generic Revision in the Holarctic Ground Squirrel Genus
397:
224:
through the north-western United States and western
1973:
488:
213:is now considered as a genus in its own right.
1956:
533:
248:(Îżá˝ĎÎŹ) is the ancient Greek word for "tail".
435:
433:
256:Thirteen species are currently identified:
1963:
1949:
540:
526:
391:
31:
464:
430:
708:Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel
1974:
507:Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940).
1725:
1724:
521:
404:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1922:
494:Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879).
1425:Caucasian mountain ground squirrel
13:
14:
2003:
683:(golden-mantled ground squirrels)
638:EspĂritu Santo antelope squirrel
197:gene showed that this group was
55:
1590:Southern Idaho ground squirrel
1554:Northern Idaho ground squirrel
836:Thirteen-lined ground squirrel
690:Golden-mantled ground squirrel
656:White-tailed antelope squirrel
1262:Baja California rock squirrel
665:San Joaquin antelope squirrel
501:
321:Southern Idaho ground squirrel
285:Northern Idaho ground squirrel
1:
1696:Round-tailed ground squirrel
1617:Richardson's ground squirrel
699:Sierra Madre ground squirrel
384:
1935:. You can help Knowledge by
1635:Long-tailed ground squirrel
1529:(Holarctic ground squirrels)
1492:(Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)
1398:Red-cheeked ground squirrel
1354:(Old World ground squirrels)
1237:Ring-tailed ground squirrel
348:Richardson's ground squirrel
41:Richardson's ground squirrel
7:
1643:Washington ground squirrel
1626:Townsend's ground squirrel
1490:Asia Minor ground squirrel
1326:Père David's rock squirrel
1301:Franklin's ground squirrel
1271:California ground squirrel
826:Rio Grande ground squirrel
629:Harris's antelope squirrel
416:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.015
366:Long-tailed ground squirrel
10:
2008:
1921:
1572:Columbian ground squirrel
1563:Merriam's ground squirrel
1545:Belding's ground squirrel
1434:Tian Shan ground squirrel
1370:Brandtâs ground squirrel (
375:Washington ground squirrel
357:Townsend's ground squirrel
251:
1733:
1707:
1655:
1522:
1501:
1472:Speckled ground squirrel
1380:European ground squirrel
1346:
1312:
1291:
1248:
1228:Tropical ground squirrel
1216:
1127:(N. quadrimaculatus)
995:
847:
810:(little ground squirrels)
803:
780:
751:Black-tailed prairie dog
742:White-tailed prairie dog
719:
676:
615:
559:
303:Columbian ground squirrel
294:Merriam's ground squirrel
276:Belding's ground squirrel
158:
153:
52:Scientific classification
50:
39:
30:
23:
1687:Spotted ground squirrel
1662:(pygmy ground squirrels)
1581:Wyoming ground squirrel
1483:(Spermophilus taurensis)
1462:Relict ground squirrel (
1443:Pallid ground squirrel (
1389:Daurian ground squirrel
1361:Alashan ground squirrel
1335:Forrest's rock squirrel
1136:(N. quadrivittatus)
1098:Yellow-cheeked chipmunk
986:(M. vancouverensis)
984:Vancouver Island marmot
817:Mexican ground squirrel
647:Texas antelope squirrel
548:Living species of tribe
511:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
498:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
352:Urocitellus richardsonii
1678:Perote ground squirrel
1669:Mohave ground squirrel
1608:Arctic ground squirrel
1481:Taurus ground squirrel
1474:(Spermophilus suslicus)
1453:Little ground squirrel
1416:Russet ground squirrel
1407:Yellow ground squirrel
1046:(N. cinereicollis)
1044:Gray-collared chipmunk
936:Groundhog or woodchuck
733:Gunnison's prairie dog
466:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-309.1
379:Urocitellus washingtoni
312:Wyoming ground squirrel
307:Urocitellus columbianus
1698:(X. tereticaudus)
1619:(U. richardsonii)
1599:Piute ground squirrel
1536:Uinta ground squirrel
1400:(S. erythrogenys)
1319:(Asian rock squirrels)
1264:(O. atricapillus)
1118:(N. panamintinus)
968:(M. flaviventris)
966:Yellow-bellied marmot
893:(M. camtschatica)
361:Urocitellus townsendii
339:Arctic ground squirrel
1992:Ground squirrel stubs
1891:Paleobiology Database
1645:(U. washingtoni)
1574:(U. columbianus)
1363:(S. alashanicus)
1035:Gray-footed chipmunk
1017:Yellow-pine chipmunk
838:(I. tridecemlineatus)
370:Urocitellus undulatus
330:Piute ground squirrel
325:Urocitellus endemicus
267:Uinta ground squirrel
236:, meaning "tail" and
1680:(X. perotensis)
1671:(X. mohavensis)
1628:(U. townsendii)
1436:(S. nilkaensis)
1328:(S. davidianus)
1303:(P. franklinii)
1282:(O. variegatus)
1199:(N. townsendii)
1197:Townsend's chipmunk
1145:(N. ruficaudus)
1143:Red-tailed chipmunk
1125:Long-eared chipmunk
1100:(N. ochrogenys)
1089:California chipmunk
911:(M. himalayana)
891:Black-capped marmot
760:Mexican prairie dog
622:(antelope squirrels)
453:Journal of Mammalogy
289:Urocitellus brunneus
280:Urocitellus beldingi
1689:(X. spilosoma)
1637:(U. undulatus)
1592:(U. endemicus)
1239:(N. annulatus)
1190:(N. speciosus)
1188:Lodgepole chipmunk
1071:Merriam's chipmunk
1002:(western chipmunks)
929:(M. menzbieri)
900:Long-tailed marmot
866:(M. baibacina)
794:(E. sibiricus)
762:(C. mexicanus)
710:(C. saturatus)
701:(C. madrensis)
692:(C. lateralis)
649:(A. interpres)
640:(A. insularis)
343:Urocitellus parryii
316:Urocitellus elegans
271:Urocitellus armatus
1556:(U. brunneus)
1547:(U. beldingi)
1513:(T. striatus)
1455:(S. pygmaeus)
1391:(S. dauricus)
1382:(S. citellus)
1337:(S. forresti)
1273:(O. beecheyi)
1230:(N. adocetus)
1208:(N. umbrinus)
1172:(N. siskiyou)
1170:Siskiyou chipmunk
1134:Colorado chipmunk
1116:Panamint chipmunk
1107:Palmer's chipmunk
1091:(N. obscurus)
1073:(N. merriami)
1064:(N. durangae)
1055:(N. dorsalis)
1026:Buller's chipmunk
959:(M. caligata)
947:(M. sibirica)
927:Menzbier's marmot
792:Siberian chipmunk
744:(C. leucurus)
658:(A. leucurus)
631:(A. harrisii)
552:(ground squirrels)
334:Urocitellus mollis
1944:
1943:
1916:
1915:
1878:Open Tree of Life
1727:Taxon identifiers
1718:
1717:
1610:(U. parryii)
1583:(U. elegans)
1538:(U. armatus)
1511:Eastern chipmunk
1181:(N. sonomae)
1161:Allen's chipmunk
1109:(N. palmeri)
1082:(N. minimus)
1062:Durango chipmunk
1037:(N. canipes)
1028:(N. bulleri)
1019:(N. amoenus)
1010:(N. alpinus)
977:(M. olympus)
920:(M. marmota)
909:Himalayan marmot
902:(M. caudata)
884:(M. broweri)
769:Utah prairie dog
753:(C. ludovicianus)
679:Callospermophilus
667:(A. nelsoni)
553:
298:Urocitellus canus
165:
164:
149:
1999:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1923:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1872:
1860:
1859:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1795:
1794:
1782:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1722:
1721:
1658:Xerospermophilus
1601:(U. mollis)
1409:(S. fulvus)
1255:(rock squirrels)
1179:Sonoma chipmunk
1008:Alpine chipmunk
945:Tarbagan marmot
618:Ammospermophilus
551:
542:
535:
528:
519:
518:
512:
505:
499:
492:
486:
485:
483:
481:
476:on 15 April 2012
475:
469:. Archived from
468:
450:
437:
428:
427:
395:
178:ground squirrels
144:
60:
59:
35:
21:
20:
16:Genus of rodents
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1929:ground squirrel
1919:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1729:
1719:
1714:
1703:
1661:
1651:
1565:(U. canus)
1528:
1518:
1497:
1445:S. pallidicauda
1418:(S. major)
1353:
1342:
1318:
1308:
1287:
1254:
1251:Otospermophilus
1244:
1212:
1206:Uinta chipmunk
1163:(N. senex)
1154:(N. rufus)
1080:Least chipmunk
1053:Cliff chipmunk
1001:
991:
975:Olympic marmot
950:
938:(M. monax)
875:(M. bobak)
853:
843:
809:
799:
776:
725:
715:
682:
672:
621:
611:
555:
546:
516:
515:
506:
502:
493:
489:
479:
477:
473:
448:
438:
431:
396:
392:
387:
254:
143:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1887:
1874:
1861:
1848:
1835:
1822:
1809:
1796:
1783:
1770:
1755:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1640:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1459:
1450:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:Rock squirrel
1277:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1152:Hopi chipmunk
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
1003:
993:
992:
990:
989:
981:
972:
963:
942:
933:
924:
918:Alpine marmot
915:
906:
897:
888:
882:Alaska marmot
879:
857:
855:
845:
844:
842:
841:
833:
823:
819:(I. mexicanus)
813:
811:
801:
800:
798:
797:
788:
786:
778:
777:
775:
774:
771:(C. parvidens)
766:
757:
748:
739:
735:(C. gunnisoni)
729:
727:
726:(prairie dogs)
717:
716:
714:
713:
705:
696:
686:
684:
674:
673:
671:
670:
662:
653:
644:
635:
625:
623:
613:
612:
610:
609:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
560:
557:
556:
545:
544:
537:
530:
522:
514:
513:
500:
487:
459:(2): 270â305.
429:
410:(3): 1015â30.
389:
388:
386:
383:
382:
381:
372:
363:
354:
345:
336:
327:
318:
309:
300:
291:
282:
273:
253:
250:
188:DNA sequencing
163:
162:
156:
155:
151:
150:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2004:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Rodent genera
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:article is a
1930:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:S. brevicauda
1368:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:sensu stricto
1350:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1293:Poliocitellus
1290:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
988:
987:
982:
979:
978:
973:
970:
969:
964:
961:
960:
957:Hoary marmot
954:
949:
948:
943:
940:
939:
934:
931:
930:
925:
922:
921:
916:
913:
912:
907:
904:
903:
898:
895:
894:
889:
886:
885:
880:
877:
876:
873:Bobak marmot
871:
870:
868:
867:
861:
856:
852:
851:
846:
840:
839:
834:
831:
829:
828:(I. parvidens
824:
821:
820:
815:
814:
812:
808:
807:
802:
796:
795:
790:
789:
787:
785:
784:
779:
773:
772:
767:
764:
763:
758:
755:
754:
749:
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745:
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736:
731:
730:
728:
724:
723:
718:
712:
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697:
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675:
669:
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636:
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619:
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583:
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531:
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230:Bering Strait
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58:
53:
49:
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42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1937:expanding it
1926:
1918:
1734:
1709:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1656:
1644:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1512:
1502:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1463:
1454:
1444:
1435:
1427:(S. musicus)
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1371:
1362:
1349:Spermophilus
1347:
1336:
1327:
1315:Sciurotamias
1313:
1302:
1292:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1249:
1238:
1229:
1219:Notocitellus
1217:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
996:
985:
976:
967:
958:
953:Petromarmota
952:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
864:Gray marmot
859:
848:
837:
827:
818:
804:
793:
781:
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
720:
709:
700:
691:
677:
666:
657:
648:
639:
630:
616:
593:Sciuromorpha
508:
503:
495:
490:
478:. Retrieved
471:the original
456:
452:
444:Spermophilus
443:
407:
403:
400:Spermophilus
399:
393:
378:
369:
360:
351:
342:
333:
324:
315:
306:
297:
288:
279:
270:
260:
258:
255:
245:
241:
237:
233:
215:
210:
203:prairie dogs
199:paraphyletic
193:
183:Spermophilus
181:
168:
167:
166:
159:
139:
138:
24:
18:
1982:Urocitellus
1826:iNaturalist
1765:Urocitellus
1759:Wikispecies
1735:Urocitellus
1525:Urocitellus
1464:S. relictus
605:Subfamily:
480:25 February
261:Urocitellus
211:Urocitellus
192:cytochrome
169:Urocitellus
140:Urocitellus
25:Urocitellus
1976:Categories
591:Suborder:
550:Marmotini
385:References
218:California
160:See text.
146:Obolenskij
998:Neotamias
951:Subgenus
858:Subgenus
854:(marmots)
806:Ictidomys
600:Sciuridae
563:Kingdom:
222:Minnesota
129:Marmotini
119:Sciuridae
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
1750:Q3766334
1744:Wikidata
1711:Category
783:Eutamias
598:Family:
586:Rodentia
579:Mammalia
572:Chordata
570:Phylum:
565:Animalia
424:15120398
238:citellus
154:Species
115:Family:
109:Rodentia
99:Mammalia
89:Chordata
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
45:Manitoba
1906:4388876
1870:1141645
1844:1251134
1818:4827933
1805:4467390
869:
860:Marmota
850:Marmota
722:Cynomys
607:Xerinae
584:Order:
577:Class:
252:Species
207:marmots
201:to the
190:of the
135:Genus:
125:Tribe:
105:Order:
95:Class:
1903:uBio:
1896:453452
1883:462988
1857:930231
1831:179977
1779:741552
1692:
1683:
1674:
1648:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1503:Tamias
1486:
1477:
1468:
1458:
1449:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1366:
1331:
1276:
1267:
1233:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
980:
971:
962:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
832:
822:
765:
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747:
738:
704:
695:
661:
652:
643:
634:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
422:
259:Genus
226:Canada
186:, but
148:, 1927
1927:This
1839:IRMNG
474:(PDF)
449:(PDF)
242:cauda
174:genus
172:is a
1933:stub
1865:NCBI
1852:ITIS
1813:GBIF
1792:857B
1774:BOLD
482:2016
420:PMID
402:)".
246:Oura
220:and
205:and
1800:EoL
1787:CoL
461:doi
412:doi
234:uro
176:of
43:in
1978::
1893::
1880::
1867::
1854::
1841::
1828::
1815::
1802::
1789::
1776::
1761::
1746::
955::
862::
457:90
455:.
451:.
432:^
418:.
408:31
406:.
377:,
368:,
359:,
350:,
341:,
332:,
323:,
314:,
305:,
296:,
287:,
278:,
269:,
244:.
1964:e
1957:t
1950:v
1939:.
1466:)
1447:)
1374:)
830:)
541:e
534:t
527:v
484:.
463::
446:"
426:.
414::
194:b
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