43:
699:
Note: The 1941 edition of Norman Skene's book (posthumously (1878-1932)) is the most up to date outside the confidential notes of the Rules
Commission notes of the New York Yacht Club. Skene was the designer of J-Class yacht "Yankee" (1930), America's Cup contender, eliminated in the last selection
145:
devised the rule in 1902 "Herreshoff Rule" and accepted by the New York Yacht Club as the rule-making body for 1903. Herreshoff had designed winning
America's Cup yachts which fully exploited the Seawanhaka rule, which was based only on a yacht's upright waterline length and sail area, to create
111:. This Rating Rule is intended to calculate a rating for yachts, which can then be used to calculate its Time Correction Factor (T.C.F.) in order to have disparate yachts racing against each other. The first boat said to be built under the universal rule was
435:
575:
152:, the defender of the 1903 America's Cup, which was described as a "racing freak", suitable only for certain conditions. This prompted Herreshoff to propose a rule which also took into account the displacement of the boat.
220:
245:- Measured sail area, up to 1923 to British Navy method, then amended for 3/4 mast-height jibstay and foresails, after the 1928 IYRU London Conference same as Metre-boats of the International Rule. See
273:
The numerator contains a yacht's speed-giving elements, length and sail area, while the retarding quantity of displacement is in the denominator. Also the result will be dimensionally correct;
318:
631:
132:
gained popularity in the 12-Metre Class and smaller to the detriment of the M-class and smaller and became the standard. The 6, 8 and 12 Metre
Classes and from 1948 on the
444:
996:
749:"The America's Cup: The History of Sailing's Greatest Competition in the Twentieth Century" by Dennis Conner (Author), Michael Levitt (Author), 1992
588:= quarter-beam length, measured at the quarter-beam position of the maximum beam (mainframe)on the inside of the hull to the inside of the hull skin
136:, were the most popular and the 12-Metre was used for the America's Cup until 1987, the last year the America's Cup was sailed in 12-meter yachts.
649:
643:
637:
625:
619:
613:
607:
246:
167:
1070:
989:
752:" Olin J. Stephens II. Lines: A half-century of Yacht Designs by Sparkman & Stephens, 1930-1980.", 2002, David R. Godine,
912:
877:
757:
305:
837:
926:
107:
from 1914 to 1937 and for this the J-class was chosen. Boats built according to the rule reached their peak in the large
291:
between 65 and 76 feet (adjusted upward from original to allow
British yachts under the International Rule to compete.
1034:
982:
816:
771:
82:
1014:
125:
430:{\displaystyle {\textbf {Rating}}={\frac {0.182\cdot {\textbf {L}}\cdot {\sqrt {SailArea}}}{\sqrt{Displacement}}}}
53:
743:
Several articles by "Wooden Boat" magazine on S, R, Q, P, M and J Classes. WoodenBoat
Magazine www.woodenboat.com
259:- Dead-weight by weighing, no sails no provisions, converted by formula to the equivalent cubic feet of seawater.
17:
1029:
962:
686:
129:
1019:
676:
112:
779:
716:"J Class - Sparkman & Stephens" www.sparkmanstephens.com/yachtdesign/sailyachts/jclass_designs.php
663:
The current
International A class yacht retains several elements of the Universal Rule in its formulas
1075:
285:
rating falls within a certain range. J-Class boats, for example, are any single masted craft with an
800:
723:
60:
279:
will be a linear unit of length (such as feet or meters). Sailing craft are thus rated when their
31:
570:{\displaystyle {\textbf {L}}=L.W.L.+.5(q.b.l.-{\frac {100-{\sqrt {L.W.L.}}}{100}}\cdot L.W.L.)}
867:
734:"Sensible Cruising designs",L. Frances Herreshoff, 1991 (contains lines of two J-class yachts)
966:
117:
713:"J-Class Racing Association", J Class Yachts Association, website www.jclassyachts.com/news
1039:
142:
133:
128:
was used for
America's Cup racing, and after 1937 smaller boats were desirable, and so the
8:
705:
1049:
139:
873:
812:
767:
753:
235:- Rated boat length, definition tweaked from year to year by the New York Yacht Club
148:
104:
974:
845:
59:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
940:
738:
64:
1064:
1044:
1024:
731:"The Guinness Book of Yachting Facts and Feats", Peter Johnson (editor), 1975
601:
108:
582:= Length (on) Waterline, measured in measurement trim, in upright position
746:"The Twelve Metre Yacht: Its Evolution and Design 1906-1987",Chris Freer
728:"Twelve Meter Challenges for the America's Cup", Norris D. Hoyt, 1977
681:
811:
Twelve Meter
Challenges for the America's Cup, Norris D. Hoyt, 1977
660:
The Pond Racing Yacht Marble-head is related to the
Universal Rule
30:
This article is about yachting. For universal rules in logic, see
215:{\displaystyle R={\frac {0.2\cdot L\cdot {\sqrt {S}}}{\sqrt{D}}}}
722:"The Herreshoff Marine Museum", website www.herreshoff.org/ and
667:
There were multi-mast classes too, running Class A to Class H.
591:
The length factor in the 1903 Formula is the
Measurement Length
294:
The listing for single mast boats, namely classes I through S.
146:
narrow boats with long overhangs. This reached its peak with
100:
967:
http://www.americascupmasters.com/_/The_Flica_Project.html
766:"Aero-hydrodynamics of sailing", CzesΕaw Antony Marchaj,
656:
Incorrect upper limits; should read 16.x feet, etc.
447:
321:
310:
indicates this applicable to yachts from around 1930:
170:
763:"Vim" a Twelve Meter Design by Sparkman and Stephens
902:
900:
898:
737:"Mystic Seaport Museum" www.mysticseaport.org/ and
569:
429:
214:
1004:
597:The yachts were divided into Development Classes
1062:
895:
719:"America's Cup Book 1851-1983', John Rousmaniere
704:"New York Yacht Club", website www.nyyc.org and
865:
872:. The Rudder publishing company. p. 146.
990:
840:History of the Universal Rule of Measurement
997:
983:
780:"Biography Norman l Skene by John G Evans"
827:The New York Times coverage articles 1903
304:harv error: no target: CITEREFSkene1941 (
155:
99:(Universal Rule for Yachts) determined a
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
911:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSkene1941 (
927:"2007 M Class Model Yacht Championship"
14:
1063:
978:
906:
700:match, so had access to these rules.
299:
36:
450:
343:
324:
164:formula as introduced in 1903 was:
24:
782:, Sciences 360 www.sciences360.com
25:
1087:
1035:Performance Handicap Racing Fleet
1015:International Measurement System
298:Class I: Rating = 76β 88 feet. (
41:
956:
947:
1071:Sailing rules and handicapping
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919:
886:
859:
830:
821:
805:
793:
710:"The M-yacht", website extant?
564:
482:
103:'s eligibility to race in the
13:
1:
1030:Offshore Racing Congress Rule
1005:Handicapping rules in sailing
786:
776:"1928 IYRU London Conference"
687:International or 'Metre' Rule
963:International Rule (sailing)
953:Wooden Boat magazine article
7:
1020:International Offshore Rule
677:Square Metre Rule (sailing)
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113:Nathanael Greene Herreshoff
27:Yacht race eligibility rule
10:
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29:
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866:Norman L. Skene (2001) .
869:Elements of Yacht Design
801:Herreshoff Marine Museum
724:Herreshoff_Marine_Museum
640:: Rating = 20 β 25 feet
634:: Rating = 25 β 31 feet
628:: Rating = 31 β 38 feet
622:: Rating = 38 β 46 feet
616:: Rating = 46 β 55 feet
610:: Rating = 55 β 65 feet
604:: Rating = 65 β 76 feet
32:Categorical proposition
652:: Rating = 0 β 17 feet
646:: Rating = 17β 20 feet
571:
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156:Universal Rule formula
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1040:Portsmouth Yardstick
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319:
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160:Mathematically, the
143:Nathanael Herreshoff
838:"universalrule.com
706:New_York_Yacht_Club
1050:Thames Measurement
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130:International Rule
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879:978-1-57409-134-2
758:978-1-56792-195-3
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124:Before 1914, the
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16:(Redirected from
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126:Seawanhaka Rule
121:built in 1905.
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52:has an unclear
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162:Universal Rule
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140:Yacht designer
109:J-class yachts
97:Universal Rule
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54:citation style
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18:Universal Rule
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848:on 2012-03-08
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105:America's Cup
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850:. Retrieved
846:the original
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224:Variables:
1065:Categories
907:Skene 1941
852:2013-06-11
787:References
300:Skene 1941
65:footnoting
941:"A Class"
693:Footnotes
682:Ton class
544:⋅
513:−
504:−
349:⋅
339:⋅
190:⋅
184:⋅
134:5.5 Metre
73:June 2014
671:See also
269:- Rating
149:Reliance
61:citation
650:Class S
644:Class R
638:Class Q
632:Class P
626:Class N
620:Class M
614:Class L
608:Class K
602:Class J
247:J-class
876:
815:
770:
756:
586:q.b.l.
580:L.W.L.
439:where
325:Rating
336:0.182
118:Doris
101:yacht
965:and
913:help
874:ISBN
813:ISBN
799:The
768:ISBN
754:ISBN
306:help
95:The
63:and
1045:SRS
1025:IRC
539:100
510:100
181:0.2
115:'s
1067::
897:^
480:.5
998:e
991:t
984:v
943:.
929:.
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909:.
882:.
855:.
842:"
760:.
565:)
562:.
559:L
556:.
553:W
550:.
547:L
533:.
530:L
527:.
524:W
521:.
518:L
501:.
498:l
495:.
492:b
489:.
486:q
483:(
477:+
474:.
471:L
468:.
465:W
462:.
459:L
456:=
451:L
421:3
416:t
413:n
410:e
407:m
404:e
401:c
398:a
395:l
392:p
389:s
386:i
383:D
375:a
372:e
369:r
366:A
363:l
360:i
357:a
354:S
344:L
330:=
308:)
302:)
288:R
282:R
276:R
265:R
255:D
249:.
241:S
231:L
206:3
202:D
195:S
187:L
175:=
172:R
86:)
80:(
75:)
71:(
67:.
57:.
34:.
20:)
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