United States presidential nominating convention

3733: 28: 3850: 3717: 3669:). The state's spokesperson (who generally begins with glowing comments about the state's history, geography, and notable party elected officials) can either choose to announce its delegate count or pass. Once all states have either declared or passed, those states which passed are called upon again to announce their delegate count. (Generally, a decision is made beforehand that some states will pass in the first round, to allow a particular state—generally either the presidential or vice-presidential nominee's home state—to be the one whose delegate count pushes the candidate "over the top", thus securing the nomination.) 3869: 8048: 3501: 5546:, where, in a speech to the delegates, he bade them return to their constituencies, to test the sentiment of the people, and meet again at a later time to determine as to the advisability of creating a new party—a Roosevelt party—a party, the sole excuse for the formation of which was based upon the contention that delegates in the Republican Convention were stolen from one candidate and given to another. "Thou shalt not steal," was made the keynote of the Roosevelt bolting convention. 263:– recommended that states adopt new rules to assure wider participation. A large number of states, faced with the need to conform to more detailed rules for the selection of national delegates in 1972, chose a presidential primary as an easier way to come into compliance with the new national Democratic Party rules. The result was that many more future delegates would be selected by a state presidential primary. The Republicans also adopted many more state presidential primaries. 346:, which is usually held on the first Thursday after Labor Day in September. (The NFL accommodated the conventions and moved its game to an earlier start time in 2008, and to a rare Wednesday in 2012. Convention dates in 2004, and 2016 through 2024 did not conflict with the NFL schedule). Additionally, election laws in some states would likely prevent conventions from moving later into mid-September. Ohio election laws forced the Democrats to schedule a virtual nomination of 455: 3481: 406: 3267:

Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada, which are exempt from the rule and may hold earlier selection processes). The Republican Party uses a "Proportional Allocation" rule, which states that delegates should be based on the statewide votes or the number of congressional district votes in proportion to the number of votes received by each candidate. Also, each state must advocate to have an equal number of men and women in its delegation.

4296: 280:. Usually issued about 18 months in advance, the Call is an invitation from the national party to the state and territory parties to convene to select a presidential nominee. It also sets out the number of delegates to be awarded to each, as well as the rules for the nomination process. The conventions are usually scheduled for four days of business, with the exception of the 591:), the presence of several meeting spaces in the city considered spacious by the era's standards, quality hotels in the city, and quality dining in the city. Baltimore is currently considered to lack an appropriate venue by the standards and requirements of modern conventions in terms of seating capacity, space and logistics. When the city made a longshot bid for the 4287:

connected to the suspense and the decisions being made, therefore making them more politically aware, and more educated voters. When scholars studied the 1976 conventions they determined that by watching nomination conventions, even viewers that were not previously very politically active developed a much stronger interest in the election process and the candidate.

307:, the Democrats had their convention after the Republicans, but it is unclear whether they went second because they held the White House or because they had almost always gone second. 1956 became the first year it was clear a party went second because they were the party of the incumbent, and that protocol has been followed ever since. 3305:". The state delegates are pledged to vote for him at least for the first round. Today the role is honorific, but before 1972 control of a delegation gave bargaining power regarding the platform or the nomination. The technique was widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Since nationwide campaigns by candidates and binding 3841:

acceptance speech has always been televised by the networks, because it receives the highest ratings of the convention. In addition, the halls of the convention are packed at this time, with many party loyalists sneaking in. Afterwards, balloons are usually dropped and the delegates celebrate the nomination.

3248:. Super Delegates aren't pledged to a particular candidate, and can vote for who they please. Any registered Democrat may run to be a delegate, and wins are based on congressional votes. Once Democrats choose their delegates, they distribute delegates to each candidate evenly, according to the number of 105:" results. All pledged delegates in a brokered convention are then "released" and can switch their allegiance to a different candidate so a re-vote would result in a clear majority. Generally, use of "presidential campaign nominating convention" refers to the two major parties' quadrennial events: the 4286:

The increase of the media at these conventions originally led to a growth in the public's interest in elections. Voter turnout in the primaries increased from fewer than five million voters in 1948 to around thirteen million in 1952. By broadcasting the conventions on the television, people were more

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was flourishing nationwide, although no nationally prominent Democrat acknowledged membership, and the factions battled over a resolution to condemn the KKK. No compromises seemed possible as the convention dragged on for 17 days, with the balloting for presidential candidate being deadlocked for 103

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Chicago with its central location was the favorite convention city. In addition St. Louis, Missouri, hosted Democratic national nominating conventions in 1876, 1888, 1904, and 1916, as well as the national Republican convention of 1896 and a national Populist convention in the same year. The city had

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in Los Angeles start a little earlier, in mid-July, and this could therefore have an effect on the schedule for the two 2028 conventions. And unlike the 2000 Sydney Olympics, which were held in late September, the 2032 Brisbane Olympics start on July 23, 2032, potentially allowing a normal convention

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Major party conventions from the start through 1948 were mostly held in May and June, with a few exceptions. This might have been due to the lack of air conditioning – the last conventions held without air conditioning were in 1948. Since 1952, all major party conventions have been held in the months

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Entering the convention, the forces of President Taft and ex-president Roosevelt seemed evenly matched. Taft had better planning, better organizers, and more top convention officials. The camps engaged in a fight for the delegations, with Taft emerging victorious, and Roosevelt claiming that several

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has held 25 Republican and Democratic Conventions combined, more than any other city—became the favored hosts. In present times, political symbolism affects the selection of the host city as much as economic or logistical considerations do. A particular city might be selected to enhance the standing

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had 2,509 delegates and 2,344 alternates. However, other attendees who do not participate in the formal business of the convention dwarf these individuals numerically. These include non-delegate party officials and activists, invited guests and companions, and international observers, not to mention

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Finally, within the above general constraints, and the variable scheduling of the Olympics, political reasons can also drive the schedules. For example, the Democratic Party held its 2008 convention after the Beijing Olympics to "maximize momentum for our Democratic ticket in the final months of the

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As with the Democratic convention, the Republican convention was conducted in a downsized form. To fulfill the host city contract with Charlotte, a program of official business was conducted in-person on August 24 with a smaller contingent of 336 delegates, including the roll call. The remainder of

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The final day of the convention usually features the formal acceptance speeches from the nominees for president and vice president. Despite recent controversy maintaining that recent conventions were scripted from beginning to end, and that very little news (if any) comes out of the convention, the

650:. The last day of the 2012 Democratic Convention originally also was scheduled for an outdoor football stadium, but was moved indoors due to weather concerns. Excepting the pandemic-affected 2020 conventions, the last non-sporting venue to host the Democratic National Convention was San Francisco's 482:

The convention is typically held in a major city selected by the national party organization 18–24 months before the election is to be held, although the Republican National Committee voted in 2022 to allow the party to select its presidential convention sites six years in advance. As the two major

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as a way to measure popular opinion of candidates, as opposed to the opinion of the bosses. Florida enacted the first presidential primary in 1901. The Wisconsin direct open primary of 1905 was the first to eliminate the caucus and mandate direct selection of national convention delegates. In 1910,

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selected the party's presidential candidates. That system collapsed in 1824, and since 1832 the preferred mechanism for nomination has been a national convention. Delegates to the national convention were usually selected at state conventions whose own delegates were chosen by district conventions.

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and television had made the original purposes of the conventions—being "the only place and time where party politicians could communicate frankly and bargain personally", and "discover which candidates had genuine support and which just gave lip service"–increasingly redundant, and that the events

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If, after the first round of voting, there is no candidate with a majority of votes, subsequent roll calls are held. In between, candidates can make backroom deals, swapping delegates in exchange for positions in the administration or other favors, or candidates can release their delegates to vote

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More recently, a customary practice has been for the losing candidates in the primary season to release their delegates and exhort them to vote for the winning nominee as a sign of party unity. Thus, the vote tallied on the floor is unanimous or nearly so. Some delegates may nevertheless choose to

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In recent conventions, routine business such as examining the credentials of delegations, ratifying rules and procedures, election of convention officers, and adoption of the platform usually take up the business of the first two days of the convention. Balloting was usually held on the third day,

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Rule 14 of the Republican Party's national rules determines the size of delegates for each state, territory, or political subdivision. Delegate selection for the Republican Party must take between March 1 and the second Saturday in June in the year that the convention is held (except for Iowa, New

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Having been the site of 25 major party conventions, Chicago, Illinois has been the most frequent host city of major party conventions, hosting more than a quarter of all of them. Chicago has been both the most frequent host of Democratic conventions (hosting 12) and Republican conventions (hosting

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proclaimed that progressives would form a new party to nominate Roosevelt. Though many of Roosevelt's delegates remained at the convention, most refused to take part in the presidential ballot in protest of the contested delegates. Roosevelt ultimately ran a third party campaign as part of the

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The Federalist Party invented the first national conventions in 1808 and 1812 when they held secret national meetings to pick their candidates. The Democratic-Republican Party never used conventions. Instead its members of Congress met in party caucuses to select the nominee. Regional conflicts

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in August. One reason why the Republican Party wanted a July convention was to help avoid a drawn-out primary battle similar to what happened in 2012 that left the party fractured heading into the general election. The Democrats then followed suit so they could provide a quicker response to the

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and adopt the rules for the party's activities, including the presidential nominating process for the next election cycle. Presidential nominating conventions are generally held in a different city every four years. With 26, Chicago has hosted the most major party conventions, beginning with

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in 1968. The Republicans adopted the primary as their preferred method in 1972. Henceforth, candidates would be given convention delegates based on their performance in primaries, and these delegates were bound to vote for their candidate. As a result, the major party presidential nominating

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The presence of journalists at presidential nominating conventions have increased with the television networks. In 1976, the Democratic Convention consisted of 3,381 delegates and 11,500 reporters, broadcasters, editors and camera operators. This is on par with the increase in the number of

101:" because they can choose for themselves for which candidate they vote. The pledged delegates determined by the primaries generally allow the nominees to be decided before the convention opens, but if no single candidate has secured a majority of both pledged and unpledged delegates then a " 3215:, when there was widespread dissatisfaction with the presidential nominating process. Minor-party movements also threatened the chances of Democratic and Republican candidates to win majorities of the electoral votes, which resulted in the reformation of the presidential election process. 433:

representatives or state government officials who are members of the party, and the state's voting patterns in previous presidential elections. The selection of individual delegates and their alternates, too, is governed by the bylaws of each state party, or in some cases by state law.

599:(which would have likely necessitated its baseball team tenant to vacate the venue for a roughly two-month period of their season). Potential lack of sufficient hotels has also been cited as an obstacle to Baltimore playing host to another major party convention any time soon. 4259:, "Convention coverage is the most important thing we do. The conventions are not just political theater, but really serious stuff, and that's why all the networks have an obligation to give gavel-to-gavel coverage. It's a time when we all ought to be doing our duty." 3966:

In Chicago, Abraham Lincoln was nominated by the Republicans. The Democratic Party convention nominated Stephen A. Douglas: however, after Southern delegates walked out of or boycotted the convention, they held their own convention and nominated John C. Breckinridge.

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conventions have grown into large, publicized affairs with significant economic impact, cities today compete vigorously to be awarded host responsibilities, citing their meeting venues, lodging facilities, and entertainment as well as offering economic incentives.

338:, which allow the candidates to spend an unlimited amount of money before the convention, but forbid fundraising after the convention, for the parties to receive federal campaign funds. However, moving the conventions into early September led to conflicts with the 243:

Oregon became the first state to establish a presidential preference primary, which requires delegates to the National Convention to support the winner of the primary at the convention. The impetus for national adoption of the binding primary election was the

385:, originally scheduled to open on July 24, 2020, were also postponed, because of the pandemic, to July 2021. This was the first time that nominating conventions did not coincide with the Olympics since 1944, when the games were cancelled due to World War II. 3573:

Since the 1970s, voting has for the most part been perfunctory; the selection of the major parties' nominees have rarely been in doubt, so a single ballot has always been sufficient. Each delegation announces its vote tallies, usually accompanied with some

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Before the presidential nomination season actually begins, there is often speculation about whether a single front runner would emerge. If there is no single candidate receiving a majority of delegates at the end of the primary season, a scenario called a

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and other cable television outlets are watching. The evening's speeches—designed for broadcast to a large national audience—are reserved for major speeches by notable, respected public figures; the speakers at the 2004 Democratic Convention included

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On the two aforementioned occasions in which more than one city was the host of a major party's convention(s) (the 1860 Democratic conventions and 2020 Republican convention), the different cities were also located in different states/districts.

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then emerged from Washington's immediate circle of advisors. Hamilton and Madison, who wrote the aforementioned Federalist Papers against political factions, ended up being the core leaders in this partisanship: Hamilton became the leader of the

3680:, the vote was also scattered widely. In 1988, both parties decided to have their designated candidates nominated by suspending the rules and declaring them nominated by acclamation; the most recent vice-presidential roll call vote was at the 4480:, but still conduct the official business from Charlotte. However, after Jacksonville enacted similar restrictions, and amid nationwide increases in cases, Trump announced in July 2020 that the events in Jacksonville had been called off. 3207:

Every year of a presidential election, the United States' political parties have national conventions that result in presidential candidates. However, selected delegates from each state choose candidates rather than members of the public.

579:, Maryland (the site of the first presidential nominating convention). Between 1832 and 1872, Baltimore saw twelve major party conventions. However, the city has only since played host city to a single other major party convention (the 4319:, the nominee has often secured a commanding majority of delegates far in advance of the convention. As such, any actual business conducted at the major parties' conventions (such as the roll call of delegates) have largely become a 6579: 3589:

would result, where a candidate would be selected either at or near the convention, through political horse-trading and lesser candidates compelling their delegates to vote for one of the front runners. The best example was the

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system, but such a scenario has been the subject of speculation with regard to most contested nominations of both parties without actually coming to pass in recent years. It is a common scenario in fiction, most recently in an

2203:) have hosted a combined nine major party conventions. The region that has gone the longest since hosting a major party convention is the western United States, which has not been the site of a major party convention since the 670:

Of the 95 major-party conventions held through the 2020 election cycle, 27 different metro areas have hosted conventions. On two occasions, parties had more than one official "host city" for their conventions, these being the

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of their state or territory. The delegation may pass, nominally to retally their delegates' preferences, but often to allow a different delegation to give the leading candidate the honor of casting the majority-making vote.

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of July, August or (for the first time in 2004), finishing in early September. Between the middle of the 20th century and 2004, the two major party conventions were primarily scheduled about one month apart, often with the

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with the nomination and acceptance made on the last day, but even some of these traditions have fallen away in 21st-century conventions. The only constant is that the convention ends with the nominee's acceptance speech.

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At the intensely fought 1896 Republican convention, the decisive battle was on support for gold or silver. When gold forces won by tally of 812 to 110, 25 of the 110 bolted while the others supported the party nominee,

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While rank and file members had no input in early nominations, they were still drawn by the aura of mystery surrounding the convention, and networks began to broadcast speeches and debates to the general public.

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Conventions were often heated affairs, playing a vital role in deciding each party's nominee. The process remained far from democratic or transparent, however. The party convention was a scene of intrigue among

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The changing nature of the conventions, as well as overall changes in television viewing habits, have changed how broadcasters cover the conventions. Coverage of the conventions is now typically relegated to

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received enough votes in the primary to lock up the nomination. Since then, candidates have received enough momentum to reach a majority through pledged and bound delegates before the date of the convention.

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conventions, which were scheduled for three days each. (The 2008 and 2012 Republican conventions were also three days each, but in each case was shortened from the scheduled four days due to weather issues.)

8897: 357:'s choice not to receive federal campaign funds for the 2008 general election started a trend, and so the campaign finance reason for the late scheduling of conventions has gone away in subsequent cycles. 67:. The formal purpose of such a convention is to select the party's nominees for popular election as President and Vice President, as well as to adopt a statement of party principles and goals known as the 6666: 486:

The location of early conventions was dictated by the difficulty of transporting delegates from far-flung parts of the country; early Democratic and Whig Conventions were frequently held in the central

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Naming the younger brother of William Jennings Bryan as running mate was a sop to the rural faction. Oklahoma was a representative border state, with the delegation deeply divided on the KKK issue.

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was the favorite son at the Republican convention, but he was challenged by Senator Richard Nixon. Nixon leveraged his way into becoming Eisenhower's choice for the vice presidential nomination.

583:). At the time that it was a frequent host of major party conventions, the city was seen as an appealing location for these events due to its accessibility by various means of transit (railroads, 8799: 6382: 6984: 141:

forced both the major and third parties to modify their usual conventions that year, scheduling virtual affairs with minimal participation, as large energetic crowds risked spreading the virus.

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Generally speaking, delegates of both major parties usually pledge their votes to a specific candidate, and those who are associated with the Democratic Party and are unpledged are considered

556:. Nine of the conventions held in Chicago took place in the 19th century, and sixteen of them took place in the 20th century. Chicago's frequency as a host significantly dropped-off after the 334:

Olympics, respectively, resulting in the conventions starting in September for the first time (Democrats in 2008, Republicans in 2012). One reason for these late conventions had to do with

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Since 1936 the party to which the incumbent president belongs has held its convention second. Between 1864 and 1952, the Democrats went second every year (except for 1888). In 1956, when

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have been the sites of more than half of all major party conventions. Combined, the seven states that have each held six or more major party conventions (California, Illinois, Maryland,

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will be held in Chicago, Illinois from August 19 to 22; although returning to an in-person event, the roll call was still held as a virtual vote in early-August to comply with Ohio's

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televisions in American homes. In 1960, 87 percent of people had a television; by 1976, 98 percent did. By the 1992 conventions, network coverage increased from three networks (NBC,

6602: 4157:—did not compete in a single primary, yet controlled enough delegates to secure the Democratic nomination. This proved one of several factors behind rioting which broke out at the 8751: 8485: 8060: 3908:

outright rejected taking part in the caucus because of its little, heavily dwindling participation and in their view undemocratic character, rejected the eventual caucus nominee,

19: 4323:, and the main focus is on promoting the nominee and party platform to a wider audience. For instance, speeches by noted and popular party figures are scheduled for the coveted 6705: 3553:

Because it is ideological rather than pragmatic, however, the platform is sometimes itself politicized. For example, defenders of abortion rights lobbied heavily to remove the

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was Virginia's favorite at the Democratic Party convention. He offered a proslavery voice of moderation amidst the strident rhetoric of secession. In 1952, California Governor

8107: 4531:, as the state was unable to sufficiently move its ballot deadline from August 7 to accommodate the scheduling of the DNC; the new law does not take effect until September 1. 4729: 6487: 4528: 3520:

During the day, party activists hold meetings and rallies, and work on the platform. Voting and important convention-wide addresses usually take place in the evening hours.

630:, for example, were required to have a facility with a seating capacity of at least 20,500 people, including a convention floor of about 5,500 delegates and alternates; the 4616: 8804: 7059: 8931: 6517: 350:

prior to the scheduled 2024 convention, to get around an August 7 ballot deadline. (Such deadlines have been waived in one way or another in previous election cycles).

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emerged as the candidate after the failure of the leading candidates to secure the necessary two-thirds majority. Other successful dark horse candidates include:

4181:. Media images of the event—angry mobs facing down police—damaged the image of the Democratic Party, which appointed a commission headed by South Dakota Senator 3837:

Uniquely, Miller, by then a Senator, would also be the keynote speaker at the 2004 Republican Convention, despite still maintaining his Democratic registration.

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continues to provide full primetime coverage of the conventions, although it breaks away from minor speakers and mundane business for analysis and discussion.

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Until the late 1960s, during the Fifth Party System and before, most delegates in presidential nominating conventions were appointed by political bosses or "

8650: 8640: 8635: 8615: 429:. Each party uses its own formula for determining the size of each delegation, factoring in such considerations as population, proportion of that state's 8565: 8475: 3546:. Much of the language is generic, while other sections are narrowly written to appeal to factions or interest groups within the party. Unlike electoral 446:

numerous members of the news media, volunteers, protesters, and local business proprietors and promoters hoping to capitalize on the quadrennial event.

8600: 8595: 8465: 8100: 6976: 8950: 8945: 8690: 8655: 8560: 8535: 3442:, appealed to the bolters by accepting the Silver Republican nomination; he also accepted the People's party nomination, so he ran on three tickets. 299:

was the incumbent, the Democrats went first for the first time since 1888. So from 1936 to 1952, during administrations led by Democratic presidents

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easy railroad access, numerous elegant hotels and expansive meeting facilities. Democrats wanted to meet close to their base in the "Solid South."

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Minor figures in the party are given the opportunity to address the floor of the convention during the daytime, when only the small audiences of

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down the middle, holding a bolting convention to nominate Roosevelt who came in second in the election, something that would never happen again.

188: 6319: 5331: 5293: 3202: 8975: 8937: 8630: 8585: 8525: 8500: 8450: 7368: 7007: 5798: 5597: 4906: 4413: 4384:, and streaming outlets; by 2012, the major networks usually only provided an hour of coverage per-night, focusing on the headlining speakers. 9006: 8660: 8540: 8505: 8093: 7342: 3998:. The Liberal Republicans were bitterly opposed to incumbent Republican Ulysses S. Grant, and bolted to form their own party. They nominated 3955: 3249: 6541:"Scaled-back Democratic National Convention overhauled as state delegates no longer traveling to Milwaukee, event moved out of Fiserv Forum" 3404:

Delegates to the convention are expected to support whichever candidate wins the nomination. A delegate who refuses to do that walks out or

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On six occasions, both the Democratic and Republican parties held their conventions in the same city. However, this has not occurred since

561: 134: 8789: 7741: 2183:, New York, and Pennsylvania) have hosted a combined 33 major party conventions. States located in the southern United States (Florida, 2171:) have been the locations of a combined 43 major party conventions. States and districts located in the northeastern United States (the 8877: 7826: 7751: 5255: 4505: 611: 7771: 6697: 5228: 4828: 4312: 478:

for president and vice president. In recent decades, the two major parties have held their conventions at sports stadiums and arenas.

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with all speakers appearing from remote locations, and no in-person gatherings of delegates. To fulfill the host city contract with

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Pfau, Michael William. "Conventions of Deliberation? Convention Addresses and Deliberative Containment in the Second Party System'

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In 2008 and 2012, the Democratic and Republican conventions were scheduled for back-to-back weeks following the conclusion of the

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The most notorious instance of bolting was in 1912 when, having lost a credentials fight, the supporters of former President

335: 160: 6857: 6827: 6728: 2199:, and Texas) have hosted a combined 12 major party conventions. States located in the western United States (California and 7891: 7671: 6759: 4405: 3261: 3224: 672: 4780: 4754: 3789:

address, one which above all others is stated to underscore the convention's themes or political goals. For instance, the

3732: 3395:, a businessman who came out of nowhere to win the Republican nomination in 1940. He lost to President Franklin Roosevelt. 614:

sites, allowing plenty of time for preparation (the major political parties have avoided baseball stadiums ever since the

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held every four years in the United States by most of the political parties who will be fielding nominees in the upcoming

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Edward Kohn, "Crossing the Rubicon: Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge, and the 1884 Republican National Convention."

5004:"5.3 Cities That Have Hosted Conventions of Major National Political Parties 1832–2020 | The American Presidency Project" 4524: 4517: 4401: 4397: 4331: 4304: 4280: 4256: 4240: 4211: 4199: 4198:

convention has lost almost all of its old drama. The last attempt to release delegates from their candidates came at the

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and stadiums to accommodate the increasing capacity, the former because indoor arenas are usually off-season outside of

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Each party sets its own rules for the participation and format of the convention. Broadly speaking, each U.S. state and

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repeatedly pushed for the Republican convention to be held in-person as normal. The event was originally scheduled for

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Free access to political speeches by American and other politicians, developed by Hong Kong Baptist University Library

7060:"Better safe than sorry: Democrats prepare for virtual roll call despite Ohio deadline changes • Ohio Capital Journal" 388:

The schedule for 2024 returned to the standard for most of the late 20th century, with the conventions bracketing the

7981: 7881: 7841: 7806: 7423: 5398: 5368: 4550: 3562: 126: 97:. Other delegates to these conventions include political party members who are seated automatically, and are called " 4804:"Democrats move ahead with plan to virtually nominate Biden as Ohio officials worry about interpretation of new law" 7956: 7866: 7836: 7801: 7574: 7479: 7392: 7385: 6884: 3765: 2077:

Of the 95 major party conventions held up through the 2020 election cycle, more than a quarter have taken place in

293: 118: 7241: 5995: 5969: 5933: 4855: 8776: 4555: 513: 488: 184: 7821: 7736: 7444: 7141: 6235:

Valley, David (1974). "Significant Characteristics of Democratic Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speeches".

4881: 4447: 4409: 4186: 410: 260: 110: 106: 6356: 5875: 8066: 7796: 7791: 7494: 6152:

Paletz & Elson (1976). "Television Coverage of Presidential Conventions: Now You See It, Now You Don't".

4264: 4244: 4194: 3801: 3245: 2530: 2526: 2462: 2458: 2454: 1811: 1085: 1022: 1018: 1014: 315:

in between so they did not have to compete for viewers. In 1996, both were held in August to accommodate the

252: 4975: 512:, or in an effort to curry favor with residents of that state. For example, in 2011, Obama campaign manager 8887: 8836: 8723: 7911: 7584: 7299: 6793: 6401: 5769: 5710: 3794: 3661:, and a catch-all "delegates abroad" category. The states are called in alphabetical order (beginning with 3658: 251:

secured the presidential nomination despite not winning a single primary under his own name. After this, a

27: 5739: 5523: 4014:" organized their forces in the swing states, especially New York and Massachusetts. They failed to block 3270:

Delegates and alternate delegates for the Republican National Convention may be selected or bound by only

361:

Presidential election". In 2016, both the Republican and Democratic conventions moved to July, before the

319:

in July, the last Summer Olympics to date to be hosted in the U.S. In 2000, both conventions preceded the

8011: 7991: 7971: 7651: 7418: 7403: 7304: 5680: 5091: 4485: 4095:

The party was deeply factionalized along regional and cultural lines, with two powerful factions, led by

4064:

delegations were fraudulently seated because of the machinations of conservative party leaders including

3905: 3595: 655: 596: 209: 114: 6435: 5651: 5139: 4355:

abruptly ended his coverage of the 1996 conventions, arguing that the events had effectively become an "

3594:, which took 103 ballots. The situation is more likely to occur in the Democratic Party, because of its 732:

Two metro areas have seen more than one of their municipalities be the site of major party conventions.

8912: 7961: 7931: 7666: 7529: 6633: 3716: 3641:

The voting method at the conventions is a "roll call of the states", which include territories such as

1696: 733: 647: 623: 373:

was originally scheduled to take place July 13–16, but was postponed to August 17–20, 2020, due to the

156: 3849: 1950:

have hosted major party presidential nominating conventions. Thirty-one states have never hosted one (

8026: 7976: 7851: 7721: 7661: 7504: 7454: 4560: 4465: 4422:

in 2020 forced both major and third parties to modify the format of their conventions to comply with

4307:

told viewers that he was going home because it has become "more of an infomercial than a news event."

3951: 1391: 517: 7034:"Democrats face uncertainty around roll call timing amid questions about Biden's political standing" 5970:"Roosevelt, Beaten, to Bolt Today; Gives the Word in Early Morning; Taft's Nomination Seems Assured" 5899:

Matthew T. Downey, "Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872."

5806: 3946:, Maryland to select a single presidential candidate agreeable to the whole party leadership in the 2100:

Six states have seen more than one of their metro-areas host a convention: California (Los Angeles,

2097:, Pennsylvania) have been the locations of more than three-quarters of all major party conventions. 8016: 7253:

Silver, Adam. "Consensus and Conflict: A Content Analysis of American Party Platforms, 1840–1896."

6074:

Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned

4710: 4604:

Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789–1815 (Oxford History of the United States)

4343: 4272: 3600: 3237: 2156: 1787: 496: 339: 7327: 595:, the city proposed hosting the convention underneath a temporary canopy that would be erected at 7946: 7489: 7459: 7153:

Costain, Anne N. "An analysis of voting in american national nominating conventions, 1940–1976."

5872:

Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election that Brought on the Civil War

4501: 4461: 4368: 4364: 3435: 1353: 459: 5184:"Constitutional Safeguards in the Selection of Delegates to Presidential Nominating Conventions" 4049:, who largely appointed and otherwise controlled for the most part nearly all of the delegates. 4030:, leading reformers, refused to bolt—an action that preserved their leadership role in the GOP. 3688:

for whoever they personally prefer. Roll calls continue until one candidate has a majority: the

3438:. It had a strong base of support in the silver-mining Mountain states. The Democratic nominee, 1941: 7761: 7619: 7609: 7564: 7554: 7449: 5774: 3769: 3439: 3241: 2105: 1186: 753: 430: 6460: 5557: 4730:"NFL And NBC Agree To Move Kickoff Of Opener Up In Response To Republican Convention Conflict" 3550:

in many European countries, the platform is not binding on either the party or the candidate.

89:, before which smaller groups of party leaders chose the nominee, arguably beginning with the 85:

The earliest public national presidential nominating Conventions have been traced back to the

7886: 7871: 7716: 7711: 7589: 7145: 6977:"What virus? At the Republican National Convention, the COVID-19 pandemic is largely ignored" 5570: 5360: 4626: 4620: 4591:

The Idea of a Party System: The Rise of Legitimate Opposition in the United States, 1780–1840

4477: 4339: 3772: 3513: 3445:

Conservative Democrats from the South bolted from the 1948 Democratic Convention to form the

2117: 1529: 1310: 638:

was eventually selected. Meanwhile, approximately 84,000 people attended the last day of the

635: 300: 682:

More than half of all major party conventions have been held in just three cities: Chicago,

665: 552:

14). Chicago was last the site of a major party convention in 2024, when it was the host of

7524: 5744: 5298: 4451: 4335: 4096: 3776: 3757: 3701: 3554: 2184: 2172: 1947: 533: 393: 389: 382: 362: 331: 327: 320: 316: 312: 296: 4832: 4283:

there were approximately seven journalists per one delegate, or about 15,000 journalists.

232:

who controlled delegates; the national convention was far from democratic or transparent.

8: 8922: 8846: 8841: 8831: 8756: 8006: 7726: 7706: 7624: 7614: 7604: 7569: 7469: 4484:

the event consisted of primetime programs of pre-recorded speeches, filmed mainly at the

4039: 3933: 3909: 3585: 3358: 3317: 3310: 745: 122: 102: 48: 5996:"Taft Renominated by the Republican Convention; Roosevelt Named as Candidate by Bolters" 4781:"Biden to be nominated virtually before the convention in order to get on Ohio's ballot" 3800:, whose stories of an impoverished childhood echoed the economic themes of the nominee, 8085: 7846: 7701: 7276: 7136: 7109: 6638: 6169: 6055:

William D. Pennington, "The Oklahoma Delegation to the Democratic Convention of 1924."

6012:

James C. Prude, "William Gibbs McAdoo and the Democratic National Convention of 1924."

5938: 5203: 4124: 4065: 4023: 3976: 3939: 3894: 3534: 3509: 3461: 2059: 631: 172: 7190: 6858:"Republican National Convention kicks off in Charlotte, subdued – then Trump shows up" 4476:

or social distancing, the RNC announced plans to move most of the in-person events to

3924:

of Tennessee (all of whom carried more states than Crawford in the election) instead.

3868: 421:

party is apportioned a select number of voting representatives, individually known as

8856: 8851: 8761: 8021: 7544: 7509: 7311: 7286: 7179: 6801: 6767: 6409: 6386: 6327: 6293: 6077: 5685: 5470: 5467:

Dark Horse: The Surprise Election and Political Murder of President James A. Garfield

5394: 5364: 5353: 4882:"Exclusive: Democrats, anticipating heated primary, set earlier 2020 convention date" 4630: 4423: 4419: 4377: 4154: 4027: 3913: 3834:, whose speech brought the future President national recognition for the first time. 3378: 3368: 603: 471: 374: 196: 180: 168: 138: 6634:"Trump Abruptly Cancels Republican Convention in Florida: 'It's Not the Right Time'" 4671:"DThe First Democratic Convention on Live TV Was the Last Not to be Air-Conditioned" 4426:

and restrictions on public gatherings. The Democratic convention was conducted as a

8927: 8907: 7996: 7926: 7921: 7896: 7656: 7519: 6603:"New RNC memo discloses multiple convention venues, restricted number of attendees" 6480:"Democratic Convention Moves to Smaller Venue, as Delegates Are Urged to Stay Away" 6244: 6161: 6069: 5336: 5195: 4435: 4170: 4019: 3912:

of Georgia, and backed three regional candidates, nominated by state legislatures,

3642: 3465: 3431: 3306: 540:, in the politically competitive state of Wisconsin, was chosen as the site of the 343: 239: 213: 205: 200: 164: 60: 44: 6828:"NC officials say they can be flexible for crowd size at RNC | Charlotte Observer" 8071: 7936: 7861: 7856: 7776: 7766: 7696: 7162:

Let the People Rule: Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of the Presidential Primary

7114:

Carleton, William G. "The revolution in the presidential nominating convention."

6946:"Masks and social distancing are mostly absent from Republican convention events" 5715: 5543: 4696: 4252: 4182: 4174: 4150: 4146: 4015: 3631: 3454: 3392: 3348: 3301:

A powerful state politician, typically the governor or senator, can set up as a "

544:(although due to COVID-19 it was essentially not held there), and the subsequent 304: 256: 248: 235: 75: 6698:"GOP moves main 2020 convention events, including Trump speech, to Jacksonville" 5952:

Thomas E. Felt, "Organizing A National Convention: A Lesson From Senator Dick."

4239:

in New York City made the first telecast of a national party convention, of the

575:

In the 19th century, the most frequent host city of major party conventions was

413:

held in Chicago. Various third parties also hold their own national conventions.

8001: 7217: 7207: 7099: 4922:"Republicans may decide this year on host cities for 2024 and 2028 conventions" 4072:. Following the seating of the anti-Roosevelt delegations, California Governor 4046: 3999: 3921: 3815: 3736: 3692:

holds the record as the longest ever, as divisions within the party concerning

3646: 3450: 2196: 2192: 662:

became the last non-sporting venue to host the Republican National Convention.

651: 529: 229: 69: 7258: 6248: 3500: 366:

Republicans, rather than wait for a month until after the Olympics were over.

8990: 8766: 8733: 8713: 6805: 6771: 6572:"Downtown Wilmington prepares to play host to Democratic National Convention" 6413: 6331: 6297: 5656: 5413:

R. Randall Moore, "Robert MT Hunter and the Crisis of the Union, 1860–1861."

5059: 4497: 4443: 4427: 4215: 4109: 4073: 4069: 3873: 3779: 3705: 3618: 3605: 3341: 3233: 2176: 2063: 2015: 1942:

Table of states/federal districts by number of major party conventions hosted

1631: 347: 176: 98: 7025: 6122:

Judith A. Center, "1972 Democratic Convention Reforms and Party Democracy,"

5524:"La Follette's autobiography; a personal narrative of political experiences" 5088:"News: Anaheim asked to make bid for Republican convention - OCRegister.com" 4948:"Team Obama Likes Its Chances: AZ, VA, NC Could Go Democrat In 2012 (VIDEO)" 3785:

The organizers of the convention may designate one of these speeches as the

7941: 7691: 4489: 4457: 4207: 4104: 3853: 3831: 3804: 3761: 3635: 3489: 3414:. A group of bolters may form an alternate convention that can be called a 3302: 3287:

Any method that stays consistent with the rules by which they were selected

2137: 2086: 2039: 2035: 2023: 1029: 714: 687: 509: 418: 354: 7321: 6510:"2020 DNC pulled from Fiserv Forum, will move toward mostly virtual event" 5355:

Bifurcated Politics: Evolution and Reform in the National Party Convention

4622:

Bifurcated Politics: Evolution and Reform in the National Party Convention

4311:

With the rise of the direct primary, and in particular with states moving

3672:

Vice-presidential voting has been problematic since the beginning: at the

8917: 7376: 7195:

Miles, Edwin A. "The keynote speech at national nominating conventions."

7008:"DNC to virtually nominate Biden and Harris to bypass Ohio ballot issues" 6760:"How Trump's Demands for a Full House in Charlotte Derailed a Convention" 4356: 4219: 4203: 4142: 3877: 3797: 3753: 3693: 3654: 3614: 3406: 3321: 2109: 1999: 1967: 1818: 1525: 1347: 737: 722: 666:

Table of cities (metro areas) by number of major party conventions hosted

463: 7235: 6667:"Republicans announce Trump convention events will move to Jacksonville" 454: 7119: 6173: 6127: 6017: 5904: 5229:"Who gets to be a Delegate at the Presidential Nominating Conventions?" 4469: 4372:

had become largely "choreographed" celebrations of the party nominee.

4352: 4324: 4300: 4206:

of Massachusetts sought votes of delegates held by incumbent President

3917: 3575: 3419: 3333: 2180: 2133: 2125: 2019: 1635: 1234: 584: 475: 5207: 4002:, who lost to Grant in a landslide, and the new party soon collapsed. 7966: 7202:

Morison, Samuel E. "The First National Nominating Convention, 1808."

6044:

The 103rd Ballot: Democrats and the Disaster in Madison Square Garden

4493: 4439: 4431: 4347: 4320: 4210:. The last major party convention whose outcome was in doubt was the 4185:

to select a new, less controversial method of choosing nominees. The

4130: 4099:

leaving the rural/Protestant/Southern faction, and New York Governor

3943: 3857: 3721: 3565:

despite the fact that no such amendment had ever come up for debate.

3547: 3480: 3446: 2188: 2168: 2164: 2129: 2121: 2101: 2043: 1568: 1564: 1271: 1192: 1138: 954: 757: 683: 659: 619: 588: 576: 537: 521: 492: 405: 40: 6794:"The M.V.P.s of This Year's Conventions? The Digital and I.T. Teams" 6165: 3457:

successfully added a civil rights plank to the Democratic platform.

3434:. The next day the bolters formed a new political party, dubbed the 7357: 7316:

National Party Conventions eGuide, The Campaign Finance Institute,

7176:

Presidential timber: A history of nominating conventions, 1868–1960

5934:"Taft Victory in the First Clash; Root Chosen Chairman, 558 to 502" 5233: 5199: 4504:), were conducted live and in-person with audiences of supporters; 4248: 4133:", "party regulars...who had the most say in picking a candidate." 4100: 4011: 3823: 3819: 3697: 2204: 2200: 2160: 2090: 2082: 2078: 2055: 2027: 2007: 1991: 1971: 1963: 1142: 773: 769: 761: 749: 741: 580: 163:

did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan. In

7094:

Becker, Carl. "The Unit Rule in National Nominating Conventions."

6632:

Haberman, Maggie; Mazzei, Patricia; Karni, Annie (July 23, 2020).

6383:"Goodbye, After Nearly Two Centuries, to the National Conventions" 6098:

American Maelstrom: The 1968 Election and the Politics of Division

6029:

David B. Burner, "The Democratic Party in the Election of 1924."

4472:

refused to allow it to be held at full scale or without mandatory

4295: 3609:. The closest to a brokered convention in recent years was at the 3203:

United States presidential primary § Delegate selection rules

6916:"Most Republican Convention Speeches Will Be Delivered From D.C." 5888:

Gateway Heritage: The Magazine of the Missouri Historical Society

4617:"Emergence of the Presidential The Nomination and the Convention" 4177:, but the catalyst for their widespread adoption came during the 3786: 3666: 3662: 3229:

Each party and state has its own process to selecting delegates.

2149: 2067: 2051: 2003: 1979: 1959: 1951: 1600: 1460: 500: 179:, respectively, wrote specifically about the dangers of domestic 6885:"What to watch on the second night of the Republican convention" 6140:

The Concise Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History

5846:

The Concise Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History

5030:"Baltimore has been site of many national political conventions" 4149:

of Minnesota, but they had no say in the matter. Vice President

3818:

of New York, intended to reassure political moderates about the

3768:

President, while speakers at the Republican Convention included

3532:

Each convention produces a statement of principles known as its

495:. As the U.S. expanded westward and railroads connected cities, 20:

List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States

6185: 6183: 4488:

in Washington, D.C. The speeches by Vice President Pence (from

4381: 4018:, and many bolted to the Democrats, who had nominated reformer 3748: 3634:

received over 1,000 votes before she herself moved to nominate

3543: 3493: 2208: 2145: 2031: 2011: 1987: 1955: 1728: 1665: 1425: 643: 224: 155:

There is no provision for the role of political parties in the

7248:

Inside the Wigwam: Chicago Presidential Conventions, 1860–1996

7126:

Emergence of the Presidential Nominating Convention, 1789–1832

5859:

The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War

4658:

Emergence of the Presidential Nominating Convention, 1789–1832

4153:—associated with the increasingly unpopular administration of 3211:

Including delegates in the nomination process began after the

524:

map." Likewise, New York City was selected as the host of the

7212:

Murdock, John S. "The First National Nominating Convention."

7089:

Media politics: The news strategies of presidential campaigns

5748:. Spokane, Wash. Associated Press. March 17, 1988. p. A6 5166:"Raucous '68 Convention Led to Changes in Nomination Process" 5140:"1972 Political Conventions in Miami Beach | Flashback Miami" 4829:"Week In Review: National Organizing Kickoff a Great Success" 4414:

Constitution Party National Convention § 2020 Convention

4218:

nearly won the nomination away from the incumbent president,

3884:, the last major party convention whose outcome was in doubt. 2141: 2113: 1995: 1975: 1877: 607: 51:

were nominated for president and vice president respectively.

6180: 5886:

Gary N. Smith, "St. Louis Hosts the Political Conventions,"

5340:. September 20, 1971 – via Google News Archive Search. 4103:

representing the urban/Catholic/machine element. The second

4010:

In the run-up to the 1884 GOP convention, reformers called "

3542:. Relatively little of a party platform is even proposed as 18:

For a list of U.S. presidential nominating conventions, see

6320:"Romney Campaign Works Feverishly to Project Relaxed Image" 6192:

Political Campaign Communication Principles & Practices

6076:(1st ed.). New York: HarperCollins. pp. 622–623. 5829:

Congress & the Presidency: A Journal of Capital Studies

5799:"REPUBLICANS: Ford Is Close, but Watch Those Trojan Horses" 5428:

The Contender: Richard Nixon, the Congress Years, 1946–1952

4236: 4145:

energized a large number of supporters of anti-war Senator

3650: 2094: 2047: 1983: 717:, Pennsylvania was host of both major-party conventions in 697:. Chicago played double-duty as a host city four times, in 606:, but in recent decades the two major parties have favored 5320:. January 30, 1960 – via Google News Archive Search. 5302:. January 12, 1928 – via Google News Archive Search. 3708:

was chosen as a compromise candidate on the 103rd ballot.

3676:, the vote was scattered between 50 candidates and at the 2155:

Up through the 2020 election cycle, states located in the

93:. Since 1972, most of the delegates have been selected in 8052:

State and local political parties (without national body)

7037: 6222:

Political Campaign Communication Principles and Practices

5625:"None of the Above: GOP Heading to a Brokered Convention" 4385: 4276: 4268: 4232: 3469: 8115: 117:

also select their nominees by convention, including the

6224:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 6219: 6194:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 6189: 5558:

Robert Moran on Election 2004 on National Review Online

5115:"Barack Obama, Al Gore raise the roof at Invesco Field" 4998: 4996: 4338:

blocks of party-produced coverage on the cable network

3638:

by acclamation, officially making it a unanimous vote.

3410:, sometimes in public fashion, can be referred to as a 1946:

As of the 2024 election cycle, nineteen states and the

7147:

Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer.

3782:

of New York, two of the largest states in the nation.

564:, with Chicago only hosting Democratic conventions in 6729:"Trump cancels GOP convention events in Jacksonville" 4945: 4907:"2020 Republican National Convention dates announced" 4391: 516:

noted: "We put the Democratic National Convention in

4993: 183:. Thus in the first two presidential elections, the 8795:

elections in which the winner lost the popular vote

7150:(Washington, Congressional Research Service, 2000). 6631: 6286:"'Nightline' Pulls the Plug on Convention Coverage" 5510:

Critical presidential elections in American history

3291: 780:Cities/metro areas by number of conventions hosted 602:The conventions historically have been held inside 223:, congressional party or a state legislature party 6151: 5352: 5261:. The Republican National Committee. July 18, 2016 5058: 228:Sometimes they were dominated by intrigue between 8997:United States presidential nominating conventions 7106:American political parties: their natural history 6436:"Networks Reducing Convention Coverage Yet Again" 5827:Kolodny, Robin. "The Several Elections of 1824." 5598:"Obama, Clinton Head Toward Contested Convention" 5521: 5314:"How Term 'Favorite Son' Got Started in Politics" 4755:"NFL season opener to be held Wednesday, Sept. 5" 4520:was held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, July 15 to 18. 3262:Republican National Convention § Delegations 3225:Democratic National Convention § Delegations 626:to play 26 consecutive road games). Bids for the 151:United States presidential primary § History 8988: 5740:"Democrats worrying about a brokered convention" 5571:"GOP's worst nightmare – a contested convention" 5060:"Hub, 4 rivals buff their Democratic party ware" 4434:, the event's production was conducted from the 3422:or convention they leave behind can be called a 2598:(Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco Bay area) 441:counted 4,353 delegates and 611 alternates. The 57:United States presidential nominating convention 7281:Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. 7223:Nichols, Roy F. "It Happens Every Four Years," 6758:Karni, Annie; Haberman, Maggie (June 6, 2020). 6539:Spicuzza, Mary; Glauber, Bill (June 24, 2020). 6538: 6461:"Political conventions lose drama, TV audience" 6357:"Some Media Chafe Under Choreography of 'News'" 6111:Party of the People: A History of the Democrats 4571:National conventions of the Communist Party USA 4508:-recommended mitigations were largely ignored. 3255: 3218: 381:took place as scheduled from August 24–27. The 7369:List of political parties in the United States 7169:National conventions in an age of party reform 5918:Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 5542:Roosevelt and his followers held a meeting in 5387:Tarr, Dave; Benenson, Bob (October 22, 2013). 4831:. democrats.org. November 2005. Archived from 8101: 7343: 6757: 4468:; after North Carolina's Democratic governor 4342:in response to decreasing network coverage), 3340:, at which little-known Tennessee politician 3196: 3193:**Years with multiple convention host states 1938:**Years with multiple convention host cities 562:infamous protest activity and police response 6625: 5386: 3284:State and Congressional district conventions 3240:who identify with the party, members of the 520:in part because we believe so deeply in" a " 6471: 6402:"Online Media Will Star at the Conventions" 4976:"A long time between political conventions" 4946:Evan McMorris-Santoro (November 29, 2011). 4711:"NFL season opener yields to McCain speech" 4327:hours, when most people would be watching. 4303:(pictured in 2002), who midway through the 4164: 8108: 8094: 7350: 7336: 7305:Interview with historian Michael Beschloss 7206:17.4 (1912): 744–763. on 1808 Federalists 7032:John, Arit; Cohen, Ethan (July 11, 2024). 6907: 6791: 5767: 5028:Rasmussen, Frederick N. (August 2, 2012). 4243:in Philadelphia, and the other two of the 3538:, containing goals and proposals known as 7031: 6433: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6273: 5027: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4919: 4856:"Democratic National Convention date set" 4363:news event. In 2020, political historian 4290: 187:handled the nominations and elections in 8810:electoral vote changes between elections 7307:on the origins of the convention process 7246:Sautter, R. Craig, and Edward M. Burke. 6937: 6850: 5652:"Dems May Be In for Brokered Convention" 5622: 4359:" for the party's nominee rather than a 4294: 4173:in the late 19th century and during the 3867: 3848: 3731: 3715: 3499: 3479: 453: 404: 26: 6913: 6882: 6860:. Charlotte Observer. August 24, 2020. 6825: 6726: 6695: 6664: 6569: 6477: 6354: 5964: 5962: 5056: 5052: 5050: 4801: 4699:. Eric M. Appleman/Democracy in Action. 4546:List of Republican National Conventions 4541:List of Democratic National Conventions 4367:argued in an op-ed that the advents of 3252:votes they get (must be at least 15%). 2215:States by number of conventions hosted 8989: 7500:Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party 7360:political parties in the United States 7187:Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups 7005: 6974: 6956:from the original on September 7, 2020 6943: 6380: 6317: 6283: 6270: 6234: 5770:"Brokered convention: Is it possible?" 5708: 5678: 5595: 5497:Dictionary of American political terms 5454:Dictionary of American political terms 5350: 5281:Dictionary of American political terms 5085: 4973: 4962: 4727: 4614: 4566:Constitution Party National Convention 4225: 4169:A few, mostly western, states adopted 4033: 3927: 3561:platform, a move fiercely resisted by 8089: 7331: 7240:Republican National Convention 2004: 7057: 6864:from the original on December 2, 2020 6838:from the original on December 2, 2020 6739:from the original on December 2, 2020 6677:from the original on December 2, 2020 6399: 6350: 6348: 6318:Peters, Jeremy W. (August 20, 2012). 6261: 6204: 6068: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5112: 4854:Jaffe, Alexandra (January 23, 2015). 4853: 4118: 3970: 3385:president in 1920 after his surprise 276:The convention cycle begins with the 95:presidential primaries state by state 9007:United States presidential primaries 8117:United States presidential elections 6987:from the original on August 28, 2020 6925:from the original on August 15, 2020 6895:from the original on August 27, 2020 6792:Corasaniti, Nick (August 17, 2020). 6582:from the original on August 19, 2020 6570:Holveck, Brandon (August 16, 2020). 6551:from the original on August 19, 2020 5988: 5959: 5926: 5649: 5623:Blankley, Tony (December 19, 2007). 5568: 5359:. Harvard University Press. p. 5279:Hans Sperber and Travis Trittschuh, 5047: 4778: 4625:. Harvard University Press. p. 4406:2020 Libertarian National Convention 3888: 3236:. These super delegates may include 2081:. Combined, the states of Illinois, 673:1860 Democratic National Conventions 411:2008 Green Party National Convention 8729:South Carolina presidential primary 7485:Freedom Road Socialist Organization 7283:National party platforms, 1840–1964 6883:Vazquez, Maegan (August 25, 2020). 6434:Mirkinson, Jack (August 20, 2012). 6062: 5294:"How 'Favorite Son' Politics Works" 5256:"The Rules of the Republican Party" 4525:2024 Democratic National Convention 4518:2024 Republican National Convention 4511: 4402:2020 Republican National Convention 4398:2020 Democratic National Convention 4332:1996 Republican National Convention 4305:1996 Republican National Convention 4281:1996 Republican National Convention 4271:) to five networks (NBC, ABC, CBS, 4257:1972 Democratic National Convention 4241:1940 Republican National Convention 4212:1976 Republican National Convention 4200:1980 Democratic National Convention 4112:, a neutral figure, was nominated. 4091:1924 Democratic National Convention 4059:1912 Republican National Convention 4052: 4005: 3992:1872 Democratic National Convention 3961: 3882:1976 Republican National Convention 3862:2008 Democratic National Convention 3828:2004 Democratic National Convention 3809:1996 Republican National Convention 3791:1992 Democratic National Convention 3741:2008 Democratic National Convention 3726:1972 Republican National Convention 3690:1924 Democratic National Convention 3682:1984 Republican National Convention 3678:1976 Republican National Convention 3674:1972 Democratic National Convention 3611:1976 Republican National Convention 3559:1996 Republican National Convention 3506:2008 Republican National Convention 3486:2008 Democratic National Convention 3338:1844 Democratic National Convention 677:2020 Republican National Convention 640:2008 Democratic National Convention 628:2008 Republican National Convention 616:1992 Republican National Convention 593:2004 Democratic National Convention 558:1968 Democratic National Convention 546:2024 Republican National Convention 542:2020 Democratic National Convention 526:2004 Republican National Convention 468:1988 Republican National Convention 443:2004 Republican National Convention 439:2004 Democratic National Convention 379:2020 Republican National Convention 371:2020 Democratic National Convention 255:-commissioned panel led by Senator 245:1968 Democratic National Convention 33:1876 Democratic National Convention 13: 8805:Electoral College results by state 8719:New Hampshire presidential primary 8057:Presidential nominating convention 7265: 6727:Oprysko, Caitlin (July 23, 2020). 6708:from the original on June 12, 2020 6646:from the original on July 24, 2020 6613:from the original on July 17, 2020 6520:from the original on June 25, 2020 6490:from the original on June 24, 2020 6478:Epstein, Reid J. (June 24, 2020). 6427: 6393: 6355:Johnson, Steve (August 15, 1996). 6345: 5650:Orin, Deborah (January 22, 2004). 5283:(Wayne State UP, 1962) pp 147–148. 5241: 5214: 4974:Grauer, Neil A. (August 5, 2000). 4879: 4392:COVID-19 affected 2020 conventions 4315:in the primary calendar since the 4255:said just before the start of the 4214:, when former California Governor 3996:1872 Liberal Republican convention 3994:which endorsed the nominee of the 3756:, a forty-two-year veteran of the 3213:Presidential election year of 1968 397:bracketing schedule in that year. 14: 9018: 8942:Vice presidential confirmations: 7292: 7006:Murray, Isabella (May 28, 2024). 6600: 6381:Barone, Michael (July 24, 2020). 6284:Bennet, James (August 15, 1996). 5768:Greenfield, Jeff (May 18, 1984). 5709:Wicker, Tom (September 3, 1991). 5681:"A fun idea: Brokered convention" 5679:Rusher, William (March 1, 1996). 5596:Garber, Kent (February 8, 2008). 5569:Frum, David (February 20, 2012). 5113:Lloyd, Robert (August 29, 2008). 4551:List of Whig National Conventions 4136: 4084: 3985: 3793:keynote address was delivered by 3626:vote for their candidate. And in 768:) and San Francisco (site of the 554:that year's Democratic convention 199:. The beginnings of the American 8047: 8046: 7164:(WW Norton & Company, 2016). 7051: 6999: 6975:Colvin, Jill (August 27, 2020). 6968: 6944:Vigdor, Neil (August 26, 2020). 6876: 6696:Samuels, Brett (June 11, 2020). 6665:Linskey, Annie (June 11, 2020). 6400:Hagey, Keach (August 20, 2012). 6220:Trent & Friedenberg (2004). 6190:Trent & Friedenberg (2004). 5805:. August 2, 1976. Archived from 5508:Arthur M, Schlesinger, Jr., ed. 5090:. Ocregister.com. Archived from 5057:Johnson, Glen (April 25, 2002). 4802:Kreemer, Avery (July 18, 2024). 4728:Powell, Brian (March 26, 2008). 4159:Democratic convention in Chicago 3990:The Democrats held a very short 3704:, before the relatively unknown 3292:Favorite son, dark horse, bolter 3186: 3171: 3157: 3151: 3124: 3118: 3092: 3078: 3060: 3054: 3028: 3014: 2996: 2990: 2964: 2930: 2895: 2877: 2859: 2853: 2823: 2785: 2743: 2693: 2643: 2589: 2387: 1931: 1916: 1902: 1888: 1871: 1857: 1843: 1829: 1804: 1798: 1781: 1767: 1753: 1739: 1722: 1716: 1690: 1684: 1659: 1653: 1625: 1619: 1594: 1558: 1540: 1519: 1513: 1487: 1454: 1448: 1419: 1385: 1341: 1304: 1282: 1265: 1228: 1180: 1132: 948: 400: 7081: 6914:Kilgore, Ed (August 14, 2020). 6826:Morrill, Jim (August 7, 2020). 6819: 6785: 6751: 6720: 6689: 6658: 6594: 6563: 6532: 6502: 6453: 6374: 6311: 6255: 6228: 6213: 6198: 6145: 6132: 6116: 6103: 6090: 6049: 6036: 6023: 6006: 5946: 5910: 5893: 5880: 5864: 5851: 5838: 5821: 5791: 5761: 5732: 5702: 5672: 5643: 5616: 5589: 5562: 5551: 5515: 5502: 5489: 5476: 5459: 5446: 5433: 5420: 5407: 5380: 5344: 5324: 5306: 5286: 5273: 5176: 5158: 5132: 5106: 5079: 5021: 4939: 4913: 4899: 4873: 4847: 4821: 4795: 4772: 4697:"Presidential Campaign Finance" 4556:Libertarian National Convention 3900:erupted in the hotly contested 3880:(right) shake hands during the 3822:of the nominee, former Senator 3484:Roll call of states during the 3296: 111:Republican National Conventions 8752:List of nominating conventions 7273:A guide to political platforms 7142:Congressional Research Service 7133:A guide to political platforms 6100:(Oxford UP, 2016) pp. 261–286. 5430:(2017) pp. 403, 433, 438, 442. 4747: 4721: 4703: 4689: 4663: 4650: 4608: 4596: 4583: 4500:and President Trump (from the 4448:Chase Center on the Riverfront 4410:2020 Green National Convention 3475: 725:, Florida was host to both in 1: 8067:Politics of the United States 7058:Evans, Nick (July 30, 2024). 6237:Central States Speech Journal 5512:(1972) pp. 241–44, 250. 5484:Safire's political dictionary 5443:(Oxford UP, 2008) pp 166–167. 5441:Safire's political dictionary 4779:Egan, Lauren (May 28, 2024). 4576: 4438:. The acceptance speeches of 4334:(where the RNC had purchased 4245:Big Three television networks 4195:Democratic National Committee 3327: 3246:Democratic National Committee 253:Democratic National Committee 238:reformers then looked to the 8837:Certificate of ascertainment 8724:Nevada presidential caucuses 7757:Democratic-Republican (1844) 7585:South Carolina Workers Party 7322:Corpus of Political Speeches 4920:Gabby Orr (April 14, 2022). 4909:. WCNC.com. October 1, 2018. 3844: 3256:Republican selection process 3244:, as well as members of the 3219:Democratic selection process 449: 271: 266: 208:while Madison co-helmed the 7: 8883:Historical election polling 7232:Rhetoric and Public Affairs 7197:Quarterly journal of Speech 7189:(4th ed. 1958) pp 414–470. 7155:American Politics Quarterly 7116:Political Science Quarterly 6266:. Indiana University Press. 6209:. Indiana University Press. 6154:Political Science Quarterly 6124:Political Science Quarterly 6059:(Dec 1984) 52#4 pp 408–419. 6014:Journal of Southern History 5901:Journal of American History 5890:(Spring 1981) 1#4 pp 10–17. 4534: 4486:Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium 3906:Democratic-Republican Party 3904:, in which factions of the 3711: 3696:led to 102 ballots between 3596:proportional representation 3527: 3336:candidate" was used at the 656:San Diego Convention Center 597:Oriole Park at Camden Yards 210:Democratic-Republican Party 37:Merchants Exchange Building 10: 9023: 9002:Political party assemblies 8913:Red states and blue states 7515:National Progressive Party 7440:African People's Socialist 7214:American Historical Review 7204:American Historical Review 7096:American Historical Review 7087:Arterton, F. Christopher. 6545:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 6142:(2011) pp 152–55, 310–314. 6138:Michael Kazin et al. eds. 5848:(2011) pp 155–62, 310–314. 5844:Michael Kazin et al. eds. 5711:"Snakeskins and Democrats" 4395: 4187:McGovern–Fraser Commission 4122: 4088: 4056: 4037: 3974: 3948:1832 presidential election 3931: 3892: 3592:1924 Democratic Convention 3351:, the Democratic nominee, 3281:Republican State Committee 3259: 3222: 3200: 3197:Delegate selection process 2472:(Harrisburg, Philadelphia) 648:Invesco Field at Mile High 261:McGovern–Fraser Commission 157:United States Constitution 148: 144: 65:U.S. presidential election 17: 8961: 8870: 8815:electoral vote recipients 8800:Electoral College margins 8775: 8742: 8704: 8436: 8123: 8039: 7967:States Rights (Dixiecrat) 7684: 7644: 7637: 7432: 7411: 7402: 7375: 7366: 7227:(June 1956) 7#4 pp 20–33. 7128:(Houghton Mifflin: 1973). 6249:10.1080/10510977409367769 5954:Ohio Historical Quarterly 5403:– via Google Books. 5351:Shafer, Byron E. (1988). 4561:Green National Convention 4108:ballots until dark horse 3568: 3399: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2219: 800: 795: 790: 787: 784: 532:'s leadership during the 518:Charlotte, North Carolina 7560:Socialism and Liberation 7234:9#4 (2006), pp. 635–654 5495:Sperber and Trittschuh, 5452:Sperber and Trittschuh, 4615:Shafer, Byron E (1988). 4165:Switch to primary system 2540:(Kansas City, St. Louis) 2157:midwestern United States 425:and collectively as the 340:National Football League 8976:Gubernatorial elections 7837:National States' Rights 7692:American (Know Nothing) 7540:Progressive Labor Party 5522:Robert M. La Follette. 5332:"No Demo Favorite Sons" 5008:www.presidency.ucsb.edu 4502:White House Rose Garden 4450:in Biden's hometown of 4369:direct distance dialing 3860:appear together at the 3453:when Minneapolis Mayor 3436:Silver Republican Party 2702:(Cincinnati, Cleveland) 1493:Los Angeles, California 1354:Miami metropolitan area 363:Rio de Janeiro Olympics 165:Federalist Papers No. 9 8820:popular votes received 8744:Nominating conventions 8706:Primaries and caucuses 7565:Serve America Movement 7555:Renew America Movement 7255:Social Science History 7118:72.2 (1957): 224–240. 6262:Kraus, Sidney (1979). 6205:Kraus, Sidney (1979). 6057:Chronicles of Oklahoma 5775:The Milwaukee Sentinel 5375:Favorite son politics. 5194:(7): 1228–1252. 1969. 4308: 4291:Decrease in importance 3885: 3865: 3744: 3729: 3517: 3497: 3440:William Jennings Bryan 3250:congressional district 2868:(Minneapolis-St. Paul) 2106:San Francisco Bay area 1187:San Francisco Bay Area 754:San Francisco Bay Area 734:Minneapolis–Saint Paul 654:in 1984. In 1996, the 479: 414: 139:2020 COVID-19 pandemic 52: 7972:Traditionalist Worker 7652:Democratic-Republican 7590:Social Democrats, USA 7580:Socialist Alternative 7257:42.3 (2018): 441–467 7250:(Loyola Press, 1996). 7216:1.4 (1896): 680–683. 6126:89#2 (1974): 325–350 6016:38.4 (1972): 621–628 5956:(1958) 87#1 pp 50–62. 5903:53.4 (1967): 727–750 5809:on September 30, 2007 5465:Kenneth D. Ackerman, 4950:. Talking Points Memo 4496:), and by First Lady 4478:Jacksonville, Florida 4298: 4123:Further information: 4038:Further information: 3975:Further information: 3932:Further information: 3893:Further information: 3871: 3852: 3773:Arnold Schwarzenegger 3735: 3724:being honored at the 3719: 3514:Saint Paul, Minnesota 3503: 3483: 3464:formed the so-called 3420:remnants of the party 3387:Republican nomination 1849:San Diego, California 636:Saint Paul, Minnesota 528:to evoke memories of 457: 408: 336:campaign finance laws 301:Franklin D. Roosevelt 30: 8903:Presidential debates 8825:popular-vote margins 8486:District of Columbia 7827:National Renaissance 7752:Constitutional Union 7104:Binkley, Wilfred E. 7064:Ohio Capital Journal 5870:Douglas R. Egerton, 5778:. p. 16. Part 1 5745:The Spokesman-Review 5299:The Pittsburgh Press 5188:The Yale Law Journal 4589:Richard Hofstadter, 4452:Wilmington, Delaware 3958:soon followed suit. 3758:United States Senate 3555:Human Life Amendment 3449:under the banner of 3447:States' Rights Party 3311:brokered conventions 2752:(Miami Beach, Tampa) 2173:District of Columbia 1948:District of Columbia 534:September 11 attacks 466:was the site of the 394:2028 Summer Olympics 390:2024 Summer Olympics 297:Dwight D. Eisenhower 61:political convention 8923:Tipping-point state 8893:Major party tickets 8847:Contingent election 8842:Certificate of vote 8832:Electoral Count Act 8757:Brokered convention 8027:Youth International 7977:Unconditional Union 7882:Populist (People's) 7792:Independence (2007) 7787:Independence (1906) 7747:Constitution (1952) 7722:American Vegetarian 7662:National Republican 7505:Legal Marijuana Now 7455:American Solidarity 7312:Conventional Wisdom 7271:Chester, Edward W 7220:on 1812 Federalists 7199:46.1 (1960): 26–31. 7157:6.1 (1978): 95–120. 7131:Chester, Edward W 7098:5.1 (1899): 64–82. 7091:(Free Press, 1984). 6671:The Washington Post 6406:Wall Street Journal 5857:Kenneth M. Stampp, 5629:Real Clear Politics 5531:Library of Congress 5318:The Free Lance-Star 5094:on October 15, 2008 4313:earlier and earlier 4226:Television coverage 4040:Fourth Party System 4034:Fourth Party System 3952:National Republican 3934:Second Party System 3928:Second Party System 3910:William H. Crawford 3813:U.S. Representative 3659:U.S. Virgin Islands 3586:brokered convention 3359:Rutherford B. Hayes 3318:Robert M. T. Hunter 2223:Total number hosted 2216: 788:Total number hosted 781: 493:Baltimore, Maryland 460:Louisiana Superdome 344:season kickoff game 323:in late September. 123:Socialist Party USA 103:brokered convention 99:unpledged delegates 49:Thomas A. Hendricks 41:St. Louis, Missouri 8898:Major party losers 8438:Elections by state 7907:Progressive (1948) 7902:Progressive (1924) 7897:Progressive (1912) 7832:National Socialist 7812:Liberal Republican 7782:Human Rights Party 7742:Communist Workers' 7595:Socialist Equality 7242:Convention History 7171:(Greenwood, 1983). 7135:(1977) pp 127–135 6950:The New York Times 6832:Charlotte Observer 6798:The New York Times 6764:The New York Times 6639:The New York Times 6484:The New York Times 6361:chicagotribune.com 6324:The New York Times 6290:The New York Times 6096:Michael A. Cohen, 6042:Robert K. Murray, 6033:46 (1964): 92–113. 6000:The New York Times 5974:The New York Times 5939:The New York Times 5920:5.1 (2006): 19–45 5699:(1996 Republicans) 5640:(2008 Republicans) 5586:(2012 Republicans) 5456:(1962) pp 112–113. 5426:Irwin F. Gellman, 5415:Southern Historian 5144:flashbackmiami.com 5067:. The Boston Globe 4340:The Family Channel 4309: 4125:Fifth Party System 4119:Fifth Party System 4066:William Barnes Jr. 4024:Theodore Roosevelt 3977:Third Party System 3971:Third Party System 3956:Democratic parties 3940:Anti-Masonic Party 3916:of Massachusetts, 3895:First Party System 3886: 3866: 3775:of California and 3745: 3730: 3518: 3510:Xcel Energy Center 3498: 3462:Theodore Roosevelt 3416:bolting convention 3274:of the following: 2214: 2167:, Missouri, Ohio, 1195:and San Francisco) 785:Cities/metro-areas 779: 632:Xcel Energy Center 604:convention centers 499:locations such as 480: 470:, which nominated 415: 278:Call to Convention 219:Starting with the 181:political factions 173:Alexander Hamilton 131:Constitution Party 53: 8984: 8983: 8857:Unpledged elector 8852:Faithless elector 8777:Electoral College 8762:Convention bounce 8124:Elections by year 8083: 8082: 8035: 8034: 7952:Social Democratic 7947:Silver Republican 7917:Radical Democracy 7912:Proletarian Party 7680: 7679: 7633: 7632: 7600:Socialist Workers 7490:Freedom Socialist 7460:Christian Liberty 7225:American Heritage 7160:Cowan, Geoffrey. 6516:. June 24, 2020. 6387:Rasmussen Reports 6207:The Great Debates 6083:978-0-06-008381-6 6070:Davis, Kenneth C. 5861:(1858) pp 136–62. 5686:Rome News-Tribune 5417:13 (1992): 25–35. 5237:. March 21, 2016. 5119:Los Angeles Times 4835:on March 10, 2008 4808:dayton-daily-news 4717:. March 26, 2008. 4446:were held at the 4424:social distancing 4420:COVID-19 pandemic 4193:, adopted by the 4171:primary elections 4155:Lyndon B. Johnson 4079:Progressive Party 4028:Henry Cabot Lodge 3920:of Kentucky, and 3914:John Quincy Adams 3889:First conventions 3830:featured Senator 3802:Arkansas Governor 3702:William G. McAdoo 3504:The floor of the 3379:Warren G. Harding 3369:James A. Garfield 3316:In 1860, Senator 3307:primary elections 3191: 3190: 3134: 3102: 3070: 3038: 3006: 2974: 2940: 2905: 2869: 2833: 2795: 2794:(Dallas, Houston) 2753: 2703: 2653: 2599: 2541: 2473: 2397: 2267: 2132:), Pennsylvania ( 1936: 1935: 1759:Detroit, Michigan 1357: 1196: 828:Chicago, Illinois 620:Houston Astrodome 501:Chicago, Illinois 375:COVID-19 pandemic 247:. Vice President 197:George Washington 185:Electoral College 127:Libertarian Party 9014: 8971:Senate elections 8928:Election recount 8908:October surprise 8878:Campaign slogans 8780:and popular vote 8110: 8103: 8096: 8087: 8086: 8050: 8049: 7962:Socialist (1901) 7682: 7681: 7642: 7641: 7620:Working Families 7575:Socialist Action 7570:Socialist (1973) 7520:Progressive Dane 7450:American Freedom 7409: 7408: 7352: 7345: 7338: 7329: 7328: 7287:online 1840–1956 7174:Eaton, Herbert. 7167:Davis, James W. 7124:Chase, James S. 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6972: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6576:The News Journal 6567: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6467:. July 25, 2004. 6457: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6431: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6352: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6281: 6268: 6267: 6264:The Great Debate 6259: 6253: 6252: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6187: 6178: 6177: 6149: 6143: 6136: 6130: 6120: 6114: 6109:Jules Witcover, 6107: 6101: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6066: 6060: 6053: 6047: 6040: 6034: 6027: 6021: 6010: 6004: 6003: 6002:. June 23, 1912. 5992: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5966: 5957: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5942:. June 19, 1912. 5930: 5924: 5914: 5908: 5897: 5891: 5884: 5878: 5868: 5862: 5855: 5849: 5842: 5836: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5795: 5789: 5788:(1984 Democrats) 5787: 5785: 5783: 5765: 5759: 5758:(1988 Democrats) 5757: 5755: 5753: 5736: 5730: 5729:(1992 Democrats) 5728: 5726: 5724: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5676: 5670: 5669:(2004 Democrats) 5668: 5666: 5664: 5647: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5620: 5614: 5613:(2008 Democrats) 5612: 5610: 5608: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5566: 5560: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5539: 5537: 5528: 5519: 5513: 5506: 5500: 5493: 5487: 5480: 5474: 5463: 5457: 5450: 5444: 5439:William Safire, 5437: 5431: 5424: 5418: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5390:Elections A to Z 5384: 5378: 5377: 5358: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5337:The Deseret News 5328: 5322: 5321: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5290: 5284: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5260: 5252: 5239: 5238: 5225: 5212: 5211: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5172:. July 15, 2008. 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5062: 5054: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4971: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4734:Awful Announcing 4725: 4719: 4718: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4675:AtlasObscura.com 4667: 4661: 4656:James S. Chase; 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4612: 4606: 4602:Gordon S. Wood, 4600: 4594: 4587: 4512:2024 conventions 4436:Wisconsin Center 4191:primary election 4179:election of 1968 4053:1912 Republicans 4047:political bosses 4020:Grover Cleveland 4006:1884 Republicans 3962:1860 conventions 3811:was keynoted by 3795:Georgia Governor 3739:speaking at the 3665:and ending with 3468:, splitting the 3466:Bull Moose Party 3432:William McKinley 3278:Primary election 3163:Washington, D.C. 3132: 3100: 3068: 3036: 3004: 2972: 2938: 2903: 2867: 2831: 2793: 2751: 2701: 2651: 2597: 2539: 2471: 2395: 2265: 2217: 2213: 1908:Washington, D.C. 1699:, South Carolina 1394:, North Carolina 1352:(located in the 1351: 1190: 782: 778: 489:Eastern Seaboard 472:George H.W. Bush 317:Atlanta Olympics 240:primary election 230:political bosses 214:Thomas Jefferson 206:Federalist Party 201:two-party system 161:Founding Fathers 135:Reform Party USA 45:Samuel J. Tilden 9022: 9021: 9017: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9012: 9011: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8966:House elections 8957: 8938:Guam straw poll 8866: 8779: 8771: 8738: 8700: 8432: 8119: 8114: 8084: 8079: 8076: 8072:Politics portal 8031: 7957:Socialist Labor 7937:Red Guard Party 7887:Personal Choice 7822:National (1917) 7717:American (1969) 7712:American (1924) 7697:Americans Elect 7676: 7638:Defunct parties 7629: 7428: 7398: 7371: 7362: 7356: 7310:History House: 7295: 7268: 7266:Primary sources 7185:Key, Jr., V.O. 7084: 7079: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7056: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7030: 7026: 7016: 7014: 7004: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6981:Chicago Tribune 6973: 6969: 6959: 6957: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6865: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6841: 6839: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6790: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6756: 6752: 6742: 6740: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6694: 6690: 6680: 6678: 6663: 6659: 6649: 6647: 6630: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6552: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6476: 6472: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6444: 6442: 6432: 6428: 6418: 6416: 6398: 6394: 6379: 6375: 6365: 6363: 6353: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6282: 6271: 6260: 6256: 6233: 6229: 6218: 6214: 6203: 6199: 6188: 6181: 6166:10.2307/2149161 6150: 6146: 6137: 6133: 6121: 6117: 6108: 6104: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6067: 6063: 6054: 6050: 6041: 6037: 6028: 6024: 6011: 6007: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5979: 5977: 5976:. June 20, 1912 5968: 5967: 5960: 5951: 5947: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5915: 5911: 5898: 5894: 5885: 5881: 5869: 5865: 5856: 5852: 5843: 5839: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5781: 5779: 5766: 5762: 5751: 5749: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5722: 5720: 5716:Lakeland Ledger 5707: 5703: 5692: 5690: 5677: 5673: 5662: 5660: 5648: 5644: 5633: 5631: 5621: 5617: 5606: 5604: 5594: 5590: 5579: 5577: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5552: 5535: 5533: 5526: 5520: 5516: 5507: 5503: 5494: 5490: 5481: 5477: 5464: 5460: 5451: 5447: 5438: 5434: 5425: 5421: 5412: 5408: 5401: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5349: 5345: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5253: 5242: 5227: 5226: 5215: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5111: 5107: 5097: 5095: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5055: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5026: 5022: 5012: 5010: 5002: 5001: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4972: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4944: 4940: 4930: 4928: 4918: 4914: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4852: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4726: 4722: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4677:. July 25, 2016 4669: 4668: 4664: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4537: 4529:ballot deadline 4514: 4462:Spectrum Center 4416: 4396:Main articles: 4394: 4293: 4253:John Chancellor 4247:soon followed. 4228: 4202:, when Senator 4189:settled on the 4183:George McGovern 4175:Progressive Era 4167: 4151:Hubert Humphrey 4147:Eugene McCarthy 4139: 4127: 4121: 4093: 4087: 4061: 4055: 4042: 4036: 4016:James G. Blaine 4008: 3988: 3986:1872 Democrats 3979: 3973: 3964: 3936: 3930: 3897: 3891: 3847: 3714: 3698:Alfred E. Smith 3643:Washington D.C. 3632:Hillary Clinton 3630:both happened: 3613:, when neither 3571: 3557:plank from the 3530: 3478: 3455:Hubert Humphrey 3424:rump convention 3402: 3393:Wendell Willkie 3349:Franklin Pierce 3330: 3299: 3294: 3264: 3258: 3234:super delegates 3227: 3221: 3205: 3199: 3131: 3101:(Atlantic City) 3099: 3067: 3035: 3003: 2971: 2937: 2902: 2866: 2830: 2792: 2750: 2700: 2652:(New York City) 2650: 2596: 2538: 2470: 2394: 2264: 2237: 2232: 2227: 1944: 1668:, Massachusetts 802: 797: 792: 668: 452: 403: 321:Sydney Olympics 313:Summer Olympics 305:Harry S. Truman 286:2012 Democratic 282:1972 Republican 274: 269: 257:George McGovern 249:Hubert Humphrey 236:Progressive Era 153: 147: 76:Abraham Lincoln 23: 12: 11: 5: 9020: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8940: 8935: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8874: 8872: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8828: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8783: 8781: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8748: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8710: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8646:South Carolina 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8611:North Carolina 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8430: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8127: 8125: 8121: 8120: 8113: 8112: 8105: 8098: 8090: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8054: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8012:Young Patriots 8009: 8004: 8002:White Panthers 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7877:People's Party 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7817:Liberty (1840) 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7772:Gold Democrats 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7688: 7686: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7672:National Union 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7648: 7646: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7436: 7434: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7426: 7421: 7415: 7413: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7389: 7381: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7355: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7319: 7314: 7308: 7294: 7293:External links 7291: 7290: 7289: 7279: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7251: 7244: 7238: 7228: 7221: 7210: 7200: 7193: 7183: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7139: 7129: 7122: 7112: 7102: 7092: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7050: 7024: 6998: 6967: 6936: 6906: 6875: 6849: 6818: 6784: 6750: 6719: 6688: 6657: 6624: 6601:Bloch, Emily. 6593: 6562: 6531: 6501: 6470: 6452: 6426: 6392: 6373: 6344: 6310: 6269: 6254: 6227: 6212: 6197: 6179: 6160:(1): 109–131. 6144: 6131: 6115: 6102: 6089: 6082: 6061: 6048: 6035: 6022: 6005: 5987: 5958: 5945: 5925: 5909: 5892: 5879: 5863: 5850: 5837: 5820: 5790: 5760: 5731: 5701: 5671: 5642: 5615: 5588: 5561: 5550: 5544:Orchestra Hall 5514: 5501: 5488: 5475: 5458: 5445: 5432: 5419: 5406: 5399: 5379: 5369: 5343: 5323: 5305: 5285: 5272: 5240: 5213: 5200:10.2307/795003 5175: 5157: 5146:. Miami Herald 5131: 5105: 5078: 5065:Newspapers.com 5046: 5020: 4992: 4961: 4938: 4912: 4898: 4872: 4846: 4820: 4794: 4771: 4746: 4720: 4702: 4688: 4662: 4649: 4636:978-0674072565 4635: 4607: 4595: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4536: 4533: 4513: 4510: 4393: 4390: 4365:Michael Barone 4292: 4289: 4227: 4224: 4166: 4163: 4138: 4137:1968 Democrats 4135: 4120: 4117: 4097:William McAdoo 4089:Main article: 4086: 4085:1924 Democrats 4083: 4057:Main article: 4054: 4051: 4035: 4032: 4007: 4004: 4000:Horace Greeley 3987: 3984: 3972: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3929: 3926: 3922:Andrew Jackson 3890: 3887: 3846: 3843: 3816:Susan Molinari 3737:Michelle Obama 3713: 3710: 3647:American Samoa 3570: 3567: 3529: 3526: 3477: 3474: 3451:Strom Thurmond 3401: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3390: 3376: 3366: 3356: 3329: 3326: 3309:have replaced 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3260:Main article: 3257: 3254: 3223:Main article: 3220: 3217: 3201:Main article: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3130:South Carolina 3127: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2901:North Carolina 2898: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2768: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2722: 2719: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2626: 2623: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2572: 2569: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2534: 2533: 2524: 2521: 2496: 2493: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2466: 2465: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2441: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2326: 2323: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2197:South Carolina 2193:North Carolina 1943: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790:, Pennsylvania 1784: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1372: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1328: 1325: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1253: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1215: 1212: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1123: 1120: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1055: 1052: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1032:, Pennsylvania 1026: 1025: 1012: 1009: 1004: 1001: 964: 961: 958: 951: 950: 947: 944: 887: 884: 835: 832: 829: 825: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 805: 804: 799: 794: 789: 786: 667: 664: 652:Moscone Center 624:Houston Astros 530:George W. Bush 451: 448: 402: 399: 383:Tokyo Olympics 273: 270: 268: 265: 195:that selected 149:Main article: 146: 143: 70:party platform 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9019: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8960: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8862:Voter turnout 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8767:Superdelegate 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8734:Super Tuesday 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8714:Iowa caucuses 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8703: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8686:West Virginia 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8591:New Hampshire 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8551:Massachusetts 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8111: 8106: 8104: 8099: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8041: 8038: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8007:White Patriot 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7872:Patriot Party 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7727:Black Panther 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7707:American Nazi 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7685:Third parties 7683: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645:Major parties 7643: 7640: 7636: 7626: 7625:Workers World 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7615:Working Class 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7605:Transhumanist 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7495:Forward Party 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7480:Freedom Party 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7431: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7404:Third parties 7401: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7377:Major parties 7374: 7370: 7365: 7361: 7353: 7348: 7346: 7341: 7339: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7269: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7249: 7245: 7243: 7239: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7198: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7170: 7166: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7065: 7061: 7054: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7013: 7009: 7002: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6971: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6924: 6920: 6919:Intelligencer 6917: 6910: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6879: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6822: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6754: 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York Post 5653: 5646: 5630: 5626: 5619: 5603: 5599: 5592: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5559: 5554: 5547: 5545: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5505: 5498: 5492: 5485: 5479: 5472: 5468: 5462: 5455: 5449: 5442: 5436: 5429: 5423: 5416: 5410: 5402: 5400:9781506331508 5396: 5392: 5391: 5383: 5376: 5372: 5370:9780674072565 5366: 5362: 5357: 5356: 5347: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5301: 5300: 5295: 5289: 5282: 5276: 5265:September 28, 5257: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5120: 5116: 5109: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5066: 5061: 5053: 5051: 5035: 5034:Baltimore Sun 5031: 5024: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4981: 4980:Baltimore Sun 4977: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4949: 4942: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4902: 4887: 4883: 4880:Merica, Dan. 4876: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4782: 4775: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4698: 4692: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4659: 4653: 4638: 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Davis 4106: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4074:Hiram Johnson 4071: 4070:Boies Penrose 4067: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3978: 3968: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3902:1824 election 3896: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3874:Ronald Reagan 3872:Primary foes 3870: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3780:George Pataki 3778: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3709: 3707: 3706:John W. Davis 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3619:Ronald Reagan 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3606:The West Wing 3602: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3566: 3564: 3563:conservatives 3560: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3544:public policy 3541: 3537: 3536: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3342:James K. Polk 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3242:U.S. Congress 3239: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3194: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3034:Massachusetts 3033: 3032: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3005:(New Orleans) 3001: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2969: 2968: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2935: 2934: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2900: 2899: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2864: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2828: 2827: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2790: 2789: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2748: 2747: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2718: 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2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2116:), Missouri ( 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2064:West Virginia 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2016:New Hampshire 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1719: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1687: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1632:Atlantic City 1630: 1629: 1622: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1583: 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7082:Bibliography 7067:. 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Retrieved 4621: 4610: 4603: 4598: 4590: 4585: 4522: 4515: 4490:Fort McHenry 4482: 4458:Donald Trump 4456: 4417: 4374: 4360: 4346: 4329: 4310: 4299:News anchor 4285: 4261: 4229: 4208:Jimmy Carter 4168: 4140: 4128: 4114: 4105:Ku Klux Klan 4094: 4062: 4043: 4009: 3989: 3980: 3965: 3942:convened in 3938:In 1831 the 3937: 3898: 3854:Barack Obama 3839: 3836: 3832:Barack Obama 3805:Bill Clinton 3784: 3762:Jimmy Carter 3746: 3686: 3671: 3640: 3636:Barack Obama 3624: 3604: 3584: 3581: 3572: 3552: 3539: 3533: 3531: 3522: 3519: 3490:Pepsi Center 3459: 3444: 3428: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3403: 3331: 3315: 3303:favorite son 3300: 3297:Favorite son 3271: 3269: 3265: 3231: 3228: 3210: 3206: 3192: 3133:(Charleston) 2469:Pennsylvania 2238:conventions 2207:was held in 2175:, Maryland, 2154: 2138:Philadelphia 2108:), Florida ( 2099: 2093:, New York, 2087:Pennsylvania 2076: 2072: 2040:South Dakota 2036:Rhode Island 2024:North Dakota 1945: 1937: 1030:Philadelphia 803:conventions 731: 715:Philadelphia 692: 688:Philadelphia 681: 669: 601: 574: 560:, which saw 550: 510:favorite son 485: 481: 436: 426: 422: 416: 387: 368: 359: 355:Barack Obama 352: 325: 309: 291: 277: 275: 234: 218: 159:, since the 154: 84: 68: 56: 54: 24: 15: 8918:Swing state 8566:Mississippi 8476:Connecticut 8022:Young Lords 7842:Natural Law 7545:Prohibition 7424:Libertarian 6445:December 4, 6419:December 4, 6366:December 4, 6337:December 4, 6303:December 4, 6031:Mid-America 5689:. p. 4 5124:October 31, 5098:October 25, 4642:February 1, 4357:infomercial 4330:During the 4220:Gerald Ford 4204:Ted Kennedy 4143:Vietnam War 3878:Gerald Ford 3876:(left) and 3798:Zell Miller 3764:, a former 3754:Ted Kennedy 3720:First Lady 3694:Prohibition 3655:Puerto Rico 3615:Gerald Ford 3496:, Colorado. 3476:Proceedings 3322:Earl Warren 2939:(Milwaukee) 2904:(Charlotte) 2396:(Baltimore) 2233:conventions 2228:conventions 2159:(Illinois, 2118:Kansas City 2110:Miami Beach 2000:Mississippi 1968:Connecticut 1821:, Louisiana 1819:New Orleans 1532:, Minnesota 1526:Minneapolis 1348:Miami Beach 1311:Kansas City 1191:(cities of 798:conventions 793:conventions 756:is home to 738:Minneapolis 736:is home to 723:Miami Beach 622:forced the 514:Jim Messina 464:New Orleans 119:Green Party 8991:Categories 8681:Washington 8601:New Mexico 8596:New Jersey 8466:California 7997:U.S. Labor 7932:Red Guards 7927:Readjuster 7922:Raza Unida 7867:Opposition 7732:Boston Tea 7657:Federalist 7393:Republican 7386:Democratic 6991:August 28, 6960:August 27, 6929:August 14, 6899:August 27, 6868:August 24, 6842:August 10, 6586:August 18, 6555:August 15, 5980:October 8, 5602:USNews.com 4954:January 6, 4865:August 25, 4783:. Politico 4681:January 4, 4577:References 4470:Roy Cooper 4353:Ted Koppel 4301:Ted Koppel 4279:). At the 4251:anchorman 4235:affiliate 4131:kingmakers 3918:Henry Clay 3826:. 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