34:
1043:
878:, where candidates who get 15 percent or more of the popular vote in a state or one of its districts divide the respective delegates in proportion to the votes on the respective level (those who get under 15 percent of the votes in a state and all of its districts do not get any delegates). Statewide and district delegates are strictly separated, they are both proportionally allocated based on the popular vote in the state or the respective districts. The statewide delegates are furthermore separated into two groups, at-large delegates and pledged PLEO delegates, which are both allocated proportionally based on the statewide vote but calculated separately. This amounts to in fact three different delegate groups, allocated proportionally but separately, leading to contortion and slightly unproportional results.
1895:
1310:
1324:
1140:) has required multiple ballots. While the rule was in force, it virtually assured that no candidate without support from the South could be nominated. The elimination of the two-thirds rule made it possible for liberal Northern Democrats to gain greater influence in party affairs, leading to the disenfranchisement of Southern Democrats, and defection of many of the latter to the Republican Party, especially during the Civil Rights struggles of the 1960s.
398:
1657:
1470:
248:
1220:) conventions has changed considerably since the 1972 McGovern reforms (which have largely influenced the Republican primaries as well). Every four years, the nominees are essentially selected earlier and earlier in the year, so the conventions now officially ratify the nominees instead of choose them (even the close race of
1093:
was nominated for vice president on the first ballot. Although this rule was waived in the 1836 and 1840 conventions – when Van Buren was nominated as presidential candidate by acclamation – in 1844, it was revived by opponents of former
President Van Buren, who had the support of a majority (but not
941:
From 1832 to 1936, any nomination for president or vice-president was required to have a majority of two-thirds of the total number of delegates. Unless there was a popular incumbent, something that only happened three times between the Civil War and World War II, getting that many votes on the first
221:
Since 2012, the number of pledged delegates allocated to each of the 50 U.S. states and
Washington, D.C. is based on two main factors: (1) the proportion of votes each state gave to the Democratic candidate in the last three presidential elections, and (2) the number of electoral votes each state has
817:
The
Democratic Party awards bonus pledged delegates to each jurisdiction based on two factors: timing and clustering. The timing criterion is based on when the state holds its primaries or caucuses with those states scheduling their contests in May and June getting the higher bonus. For clustering,
984:
candidates, people who never imagined they would run for president until the last moments of the convention. Dark horse candidates were chosen in order to break deadlocks between more popular and powerful prospective nominees that blocked each other from gaining enough delegates to be nominated.
928:
Democratic superdelegates are free to support any candidate for the presidential nomination. On August 25, 2018, the
Democratic National Committee agreed to reduce the influence of superdelegates by generally preventing them from voting on the first ballot at the Democratic National Convention,
117:
season. Since the 1980s, national conventions have become mostly inaugural events for the winning candidate, since winners are announced long before the convention. In 2020, both major parties, and many minor parties, replaced their usual in-person conventions with virtual programs due to the
896:
is an unpledged delegate to the
Democratic National Convention who is seated automatically and chooses for themselves for whom they vote. These superdelegates include elected officials, and party activists and officials. They make up slightly under 15 percent of all convention delegates.
1197:), a commission headed by Senator McGovern reformed the Democratic Party's nominating process to increase the power of primaries in choosing delegates in order to increase the democracy of the process. Not entirely coincidentally, McGovern himself won the nomination in 1972. The
1007:
Before 1972, the party's choice of the vice-presidential nominee was usually not known until the last evening of the convention. This was because the presidential nominee had little to do with the process, and in many cases was not known at the start of the convention.
393:{\displaystyle {\text{Allocation factor}}={1 \over 2}\times \left({{\text{SDV}}_{\text{2008}}+{\text{SDV}}_{\text{2012}}+{\text{SDV}}_{\text{2016}} \over {\text{TDV}}_{\text{2008}}+{\text{TDV}}_{\text{2012}}+{\text{TDV}}_{\text{2016}}}+{{\text{SEV}} \over 538}\right)}
1014:
From 1972 to 1980, the party's choice of the vice-presidential nominee became known on the first evening of the convention, but this led to scattering of votes in order to sabotage the nominee's chances, which turned the voting in 1972 and 1980 into a farce:
754:
945:
This resulted in often contentious debate that riled the passions of party leaders, with delegates being forced to vote for a nominee until someone could receive the minimum number of delegates required. This situation occurred at the conventions of
566:
1089:, only to nominate a vice presidential candidate as it was clear that Jackson as the party's natural leader would run for the presidency again. In that year the rule requiring a two-thirds vote to nominate a candidate was created, and
808:
1061:
had fallen into disrepute and collapsed as a method of nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates. A national convention idea had been brought up, but nothing occurred until the next decade: state conventions and
603:
821:
The bonus awarded is then a percentage increase in the jurisdiction's delegation (rounded to the nearest integer). A fourth of the bonus delegates are then designated as
District, and the other three-fourths become At-Large.
527:
472:
685:
5155:
4243:
4238:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4460:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4455:
4388:
1205:
also opened the door for quotas mandating that certain percentages of delegates be women or members of minority groups, and subjects that were previously deemed not fit for political debate, such as
1034:
To prevent any repeat of the events of 1972 and 1980, the presumptive nominee has, since 1984, announced their choice before the convention even opened, and they have been ratified by acclamation.
1371:
Exceptions are the 1835 national convention, which occurred 3 years after the 1832 national convention, and the 1840 national convention, which occurred 5 years after the 1835 national convention.
6023:
6002:
5932:
4412:
1094:
two-thirds) of the delegates, in order to prevent him from receiving the nomination after his 1840 defeat. The rule then remained in place until 1936, when the renomination of
President
977:, the convention deadlocked after 57 ballots, during which 50 Southern delegates walked out; subsequently, second and third conventions nominated separate Northern and Southern tickets.
691:
638:
is assigned 44 base votes in 2020, then the same formulas used in Step 3 above for U.S. states are used to calculate the territory's at-large, district, and PLEO pledged delegates:
918:
4055:
1019:
In 1972, a record 79 candidates (a number of whom were highly unlikely or joke candidates) received at least one vote, and the only ballot was not completed until 1:40 a.m.
4213:
3016:
3726:
4481:
4476:
105:
which are unpledged delegates representing the
Democratic establishment, attend the convention and cast their votes to choose the party's presidential candidate. Like the
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
4491:
4486:
3009:
2956:
2952:
1996:
1930:
1074:" privately carried out the plan for the first Democratic National Convention: the public call for the first national convention emanated from Jackson's supporters in
533:
1011:
In 1944 and 1956, the nominee let the convention choose the running mate without any recommendation, which led to two ballots of voting being required in each case.
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4233:
4228:
204:
The size of delegations to the
Democratic National Convention, for each state, territory, or other political subdivision, are described in the party's quadrennial
1622:
4577:
2015:
147:
pledged delegates are allocated and elected at a district level, usually the congressional district, but sometimes by state or territory legislative district.
4569:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4281:
1175:
1105:, when the convention deadlocked after 57 ballots: the delegates adjourned, and reconvened in separate Northern and Southern groups six weeks later, and in
760:
3903:
572:
1298:
was the last
Democratic Convention to be held in a convention center complex; all the intervening years saw their conventions held in sports arenas.
496:
441:
4585:
4067:
4050:
643:
4841:
4683:
4208:
3993:
3848:
2005:
1952:
5135:
5130:
4028:
3075:
1923:
4603:
1251:
was the last where the vice-presidential nominee was announced during the convention, after the presidential nominee was chosen (Carter chose
5961:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
1342:
6055:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
2879:
2859:
2839:
2819:
2799:
2779:
2759:
2739:
2719:
2699:
2679:
2659:
2639:
2619:
2594:
2574:
2554:
2534:
2514:
2494:
2474:
2454:
2434:
2414:
2394:
2374:
2354:
2334:
2314:
1221:
4140:
4115:
4003:
1417:
4564:
4530:
1101:
On seven occasions, this rule led to Conventions which dragged on for over a dozen ballots. The most infamous examples of this were in
4535:
4274:
4125:
3258:
1916:
1066:
emerged as the nomination apparatus until they were supplanted by the national convention method of nominating candidates. President
130:
The party's presidential nominee is chosen primarily by pledged delegates, which are in turn selected through a series of individual
6096:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
4135:
4130:
4110:
1851:
Pfau, Michael William. "Conventions of Deliberation? Convention Addresses and Deliberative Containment in the Second Party System'
1665:
914:
5067:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
4166:
2891:
1337:
924:
Distinguished party leaders (consisting of current and former Presidents, Vice Presidents, congressional leaders, and DNC chairs)
54:
4013:
5954:
4544:
4507:
4218:
3883:
1524:
1453:"Report No. R42533, The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2016: Frequently Asked Questions"
6049:
6016:
6009:
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5988:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5268:
4267:
2119:
1102:
33:
1592:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
3893:
2866:
2846:
2826:
2806:
2786:
2766:
2746:
2726:
2706:
2686:
2666:
2646:
2626:
2601:
2581:
2561:
2541:
2521:
2501:
2481:
2461:
2441:
2421:
2401:
2381:
2361:
2341:
2321:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2028:
1287:
1271:
1256:
1248:
1236:
1198:
1155:
1151:
1137:
1122:
1106:
1086:
1047:
996:
974:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
230:
78:
70:
58:
20:
5968:
5925:
5918:
5911:
4290:
992:, who was chosen to become the candidate for president only after being added to the eighth and ninth delegate ballot.
131:
1224:, which was not decided until early June, did not change the modern function of the convention, as superdelegates and
5851:
3968:
1693:
1063:
908:
6065:
4188:
4120:
4077:
3584:
3039:
2939:
1939:
1491:
1347:
749:{\displaystyle {\text{District delegates}}_{\text{PR2020}}=44-{\text{At-large delegates}}_{\text{PR2020}}=44-11=33}
98:
62:
1129:
received a majority of the votes, but did not subsequently go on to achieve a two-thirds vote and the nomination (
874:
Based on the results of each of the primaries and caucuses, pledged delegates are awarded to the candidates under
5713:
4617:
3988:
3933:
3898:
3768:
2974:
1058:
223:
181:, delegates whose votes are not bound to the outcome of a state's caucus or primary, only vote in the event of a
5944:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5485:
4008:
3973:
3888:
3878:
3838:
3529:
2909:
1799:
1761:
1352:
1217:
106:
74:
1030:, while 36 candidates received at least one vote, and the only ballot required several roll calls to complete.
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
3978:
3938:
3928:
3923:
3446:
2968:
2962:
2921:
66:
27:
4156:
3963:
3853:
3798:
3753:
3677:
2945:
2933:
2927:
2903:
1042:
86:
1022:
In 1980, over 20% of the delegates walked out of the convention before the vice-presidential voting after
995:
The rules were changed to a simple majority in 1936. Since then, only one multi-ballot convention (in the
980:
Backroom deals by party bosses were normal and often resulted in compromise nominees that became known as
6101:
3783:
3758:
2915:
2895:
875:
6070:
4608:
4183:
3943:
3918:
3823:
3788:
3619:
2992:
2986:
2980:
1627:
612:
Jurisdictions without electoral votes are instead given a fixed amount of pledged delegates. In 2020,
5791:
4248:
4176:
3913:
3868:
3858:
3843:
3833:
3818:
3773:
3763:
2166:
1675:
4259:
4045:
3998:
3983:
3958:
3863:
3803:
3778:
3748:
3738:
3706:
3266:
1868:
Silver, Adam. "Consensus and Conflict: A Content Analysis of American Party Platforms, 1840–1896."
621:
73:. The primary goal of the Democratic National Convention is to officially nominate a candidate for
4062:
3873:
3813:
3743:
3133:
3023:
2998:
1773:
Costain, Anne N. "An analysis of voting in american national nominating conventions, 1940-1976."
1181:
Following the 1968 convention, in which many reformers had been disappointed that Vice President
561:{\displaystyle {\text{District delegates}}={\text{Base delegation}}-{\text{At-large delegates}}}
41:(bottom left) became the first female presidential nominee of a major party in the United States
4654:
4092:
4087:
3948:
3828:
3793:
3459:
2292:
2266:
2253:
2205:
2201:
2088:
2049:
1210:
1143:
988:
One of the most famous dark horse candidates nominated at a Democratic National Convention was
1905:, contains the text of the national platforms that were adopted by the conventions (1840–2004)
5901:
4644:
3953:
3908:
3808:
3524:
2465:
2445:
2425:
2405:
2349:
1765:
1264:
1095:
3589:
3330:
2131:
2114:
1315:
1185:, despite not having competed in a single primary, easily won the nomination over Senators
930:
182:
94:
8:
4171:
3464:
3454:
3288:
3193:
3181:
3151:
3145:
2218:
2192:
2153:
2149:
2127:
1967:
1957:
1596:
1202:
1154:, while the most historically notable and tumultuous convention in recent memory was the
1051:
625:
1894:
4072:
3564:
3519:
3514:
3494:
3414:
3372:
3324:
3282:
3139:
3103:
3093:
3081:
3051:
2525:
2505:
2389:
2329:
2309:
2139:
2123:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1756:
1729:
82:
1822:
803:{\displaystyle {\text{Pledged PLEO delegates}}_{\text{PR2020}}=44\times 0.15=6.6\to 7}
4082:
3629:
3624:
3599:
3579:
3569:
3396:
3360:
3276:
3205:
3175:
3127:
3115:
3097:
3087:
3057:
2674:
2565:
2549:
2429:
2409:
2270:
2244:
1792:
1194:
1159:
1114:
119:
6075:
4674:
4622:
4161:
4018:
3634:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3574:
3390:
3378:
3354:
3342:
3318:
3300:
3169:
3121:
3033:
2489:
2449:
2369:
2240:
2231:
2227:
2214:
2188:
2075:
2058:
2045:
2036:
1283:
1178:, and the Chicago police in city parks, streets and hotels marred this convention.
1167:
1090:
629:
598:{\displaystyle {\text{Pledged PLEO delegates}}={\text{Base delegation}}\times 0.15}
114:
110:
1567:
1516:
432:
for each state and the District of Columbia is then determined by multiplying its
4649:
3691:
3559:
3554:
3489:
3474:
3366:
3247:
3109:
2830:
2690:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2585:
2569:
2545:
2485:
2469:
2279:
2162:
2101:
2097:
2023:
1734:
Carleton, William G. "The revolution in the presidential nominating convention."
1329:
1225:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1110:
1071:
216:
38:
1812:
3716:
3639:
3609:
3544:
3539:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3484:
3469:
3402:
3384:
3336:
3312:
3217:
3163:
2670:
2654:
2634:
2529:
2325:
2305:
2283:
2179:
2175:
2110:
2032:
2019:
1902:
1839:
1719:
1291:
1252:
1130:
1067:
613:
522:{\displaystyle {\text{At-large delegates}}={\text{Base delegation}}\times 0.25}
491:) delegates (fractions 0.5 and above are rounded to the next highest integer):
488:
178:
102:
1873:
467:{\displaystyle {\text{Base delegation}}={\text{Allocation factor}}\times 3200}
6090:
6060:
4659:
4639:
4223:
3668:
3654:
3432:
3294:
3235:
3045:
2870:
2854:
2754:
2694:
2589:
2509:
2365:
2257:
2071:
1474:
1295:
1239:
was the last convention for the Democrats that was seriously contested (when
1162:, which was fraught with highly emotional battles between conventioneers and
1147:
1118:
1075:
989:
887:
483:
is used to calculate the number of its District, At-Large, and pledged PLEO (
415:= The nationwide total Democratic vote in the indicated presidential election
680:{\displaystyle {\text{At-large delegates}}_{\text{PR2020}}=44\times 0.25=11}
3644:
3549:
3534:
3479:
3348:
3306:
3241:
2810:
2790:
2774:
2730:
2710:
2650:
2630:
2345:
2296:
1279:
1260:
1244:
1229:
1027:
818:
three or more neighboring states must concurrently begin on the same date.
1452:
3696:
3659:
3420:
3408:
3211:
3199:
3157:
3063:
2135:
1827:
Miles, Edwin A. "The keynote speech at national nominating conventions."
1243:
forced a failed vote to free delegates from their commitment to vote for
1240:
1193:(who was announced after the assassination of another candidate, Senator
1163:
1126:
1023:
635:
1856:
1323:
1201:
was significant in that the new rules put into place as a result of the
4595:
3686:
3682:
3664:
3426:
3223:
2770:
2084:
1739:
1623:"The Federal Protective Service arrested 11 protesters Wednesday in..."
981:
239:: The following formula is first used to determine each jurisdiction's
90:
4289:
3711:
3701:
3673:
3649:
3229:
3069:
2850:
2834:
2814:
2794:
1834:
Morison, Samuel E. "The First National Nominating Convention, 1808."
1133:
won the nomination on the 46th ballot), the only time this happened.
1082:
409:= The state's Democratic vote in the indicated presidential election
3187:
2874:
2385:
1908:
1789:
Presidential timber: A history of nominating conventions, 1868-1960
1610:
Presidential timber: A history of nominating conventions, 1868-1960
1275:
1206:
141:
pledged delegates are allocated and elected at the statewide level.
1714:
Becker, Carl. "The Unit Rule in National Nominating Conventions."
2750:
2734:
2714:
1798:
Greenfield, Jeff. "The Convention Speeches that Changed America"
1473:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1171:
109:, the Democratic National Convention marks the formal end of the
4669:
1109:, where "Wets" and "Drys" deadlocked between the frontrunners,
1081:
The first national convention of the Democratic Party began in
1863:
Inside the Wigwam: Chicago Presidential Conventions, 1860-1996
1746:
Emergence of the Presidential Nominating Convention, 1789–1832
1562:
907:
Democratic Governors, including territorial governors and the
217:
Allocation formula for the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C.
1888:
1709:
Media politics: The news strategies of presidential campaigns
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1568:"The Math Behind the Democratic Delegate Allocation – 2020"
1170:. Other confrontations between various groups, such as the
617:
1539:
1117:, for 102 ballots over 16 days before finally agreeing on
185:. These superdelegates may also be called unpledged PLEO (
134:. Pledged delegates are classified into three categories:
1002:
1121:
as a compromise candidate on the 103rd ballot. Also, in
1492:"Democrats Overhaul Controversial Superdelegate System"
1485:
1483:
1263:
was accompanied by protests resulting in the arrest of
869:
5156:
List of candidates by number of primary votes received
1809:
What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party
1767:
Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer.
1509:
1213:, now occupied the forefront of political discussion.
970:, where the voting went for at least a dozen ballots.
1098:
by acclamation allowed it finally to be put to rest.
763:
694:
646:
607:
575:
536:
499:
444:
251:
157:
pledged delegates, which allow for representation by
1480:
1305:
936:
904:
Elected members of the Democratic National Committee
1770:(Washington, Congressional Research Service, 2000).
1418:"Call for the 2020 Democratic National Convention"
802:
748:
679:
597:
560:
521:
466:
392:
4291:United States presidential primaries and caucuses
1726:American political parties: their natural history
6088:
1517:"Democratic Detailed Delegate Allocation – 2012"
233:basically consist of the following three steps:
1844:Nichols, Roy F. "It Happens Every Four Years,"
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
37:Democratic National Convention, in 2016, where
1782:National conventions in an age of party reform
1026:lost the presidential nomination to incumbent
211:
16:Nominating meetings of the US Democratic Party
4275:
1924:
1343:History of the United States Democratic Party
6056:Graduated Random Presidential Primary System
1435:
1166:protesters and an outburst by Chicago mayor
4141:National Democratic Redistricting Committee
4116:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
1412:
1410:
1408:
436:by 3,200 (rounded to the nearest integer):
206:Call for the Democratic National Convention
4282:
4268:
1931:
1917:
1893:
1838:17.4 (1912): 744–763. on 1808 Federalists
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
900:Superdelegates fall into four categories:
4126:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
1694:Learn how and when to remove this message
4604:Conservative Political Action Conference
4136:National Conference of Democratic Mayors
4131:Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
4111:Democratic Attorneys General Association
1861:Sautter, R. Craig, and Edward M. Burke.
1041:
32:
4167:National Federation of Democratic Women
1489:
1451:Coleman, Kevin J. (December 30, 2015).
1450:
1385:
1338:List of Democratic National Conventions
632:gets 12 at-large and one pledged PLEO.
6089:
1819:Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups
1593:Who are the Democratic superdelegates?
1490:Herndon, Astead W. (August 25, 2018).
1003:Vice-presidential candidate nomination
4263:
4244:2018 House Caucus leadership election
4239:2006 House Caucus leadership election
1912:
1585:
1527:from the original on February 2, 2012
65:. They have been administered by the
6050:California Democratic Party v. Jones
1938:
1650:
1267:historian Randy Kryn and 10 others.
1136:Since 1932, only one convention (in
915:District of Columbia shadow senators
870:Awarding delegates to the candidates
132:state caucuses and primary elections
19:For the most recent convention, see
1156:1968 Democratic National Convention
1048:1876 Democratic National Convention
485:party leaders and elected officials
55:presidential nominating conventions
21:2024 Democratic National Convention
13:
1646:
812:
608:Allocations to other jurisdictions
14:
6113:
1880:
1176:Students for a Democratic Society
942:ballot was virtually impossible.
937:Presidential candidate nomination
909:Mayor of the District of Columbia
881:
628:each get six at-large delegates.
6066:Rotating Regional Primary System
4189:High School Democrats of America
4121:Democratic Governors Association
4078:Congressional Progressive Caucus
2847:2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)
1655:
1468:
1458:. Congressional Research Service
1322:
1308:
913:Democratic Members of Congress,
6097:Democratic National Conventions
4056:Steering and Outreach Committee
1903:The American Presidency Project
1423:. Democratic National Committee
1232:'s win before the convention).
1059:congressional nominating caucus
929:allowing their votes only in a
863:Both Timing Stage 3 and Cluster
851:Both Timing Stage 2 and Cluster
85:, and unify the party. Pledged
1762:Congressional Research Service
1753:A guide to political platforms
1615:
1602:
1365:
1353:Republican National Convention
1216:The nature of Democratic (and
794:
479:: Finally, the jurisdiction's
125:
107:Republican National Convention
63:United States Democratic Party
47:Democratic National Convention
1:
1678:and help improve the section.
1378:
857:Timing Stage 3 (May and June)
830:Timing Stage 1 (before April)
421:= The state's electoral votes
67:Democratic National Committee
28:Democratic National Committee
4157:College Democrats of America
113:period and the start of the
57:held every four years since
26:Not to be confused with the
7:
2120:1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)
1853:Rhetoric and Public Affairs
1829:Quarterly journal of Speech
1821:(4th ed. 1958) pp 414–470.
1775:American Politics Quarterly
1736:Political Science Quarterly
1301:
1274:in Milwaukee (which due to
876:proportional representation
212:Pledged delegate allocation
10:
6118:
6071:Interregional Primary Plan
4234:2017 chairmanship election
4229:2005 chairmanship election
4184:Young Democrats of America
1836:American Historical Review
1716:American Historical Review
1707:Arterton, F. Christopher.
1628:United Press International
1278:was moved from the larger
1037:
885:
173:fficials within the state.
25:
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4249:Weekly Democratic Address
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4177:Stonewall Young Democrats
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2890:
1988:
1948:
1848:(June 1956) 7#4 pp 20–33.
1748:(Houghton Mifflin: 1973).
229:The calculations for the
4341:National opinion polling
4004:Northern Mariana Islands
1855:9#4 (2006), pp. 635-654
1358:
919:non-voting House members
622:Northern Mariana Islands
81:, adopt a comprehensive
71:1852 national convention
4214:Presidential candidates
4655:South Carolina primary
4093:Problem Solvers Caucus
4088:New Democrat Coalition
2942:(1885–1889; 1893–1897)
1870:Social Science History
1738:72.2 (1957): 224–240.
1228:'s withdrawal ensured
1211:lesbian and gay rights
1144:William Jennings Bryan
1054:
966:and most notoriously,
839:Timing Stage 2 (April)
804:
767:Pledged PLEO delegates
750:
681:
599:
578:Pledged PLEO delegates
562:
523:
468:
394:
42:
4645:New Hampshire primary
4403:State opinion polling
1872:42.3 (2018): 441-467
1865:(Loyola Press, 1996).
1265:Civil Rights Movement
1096:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1045:
865:: 35 percent increase
859:: 30 percent increase
853:: 25 percent increase
847:: 15 percent increase
841:: 10 percent increase
805:
751:
682:
600:
563:
524:
469:
395:
201:fficials) delegates.
36:
3994:District of Columbia
2667:1984 (San Francisco)
2562:1964 (Atlantic City)
2342:1920 (San Francisco)
1724:Binkley, Wilfred E.
1316:United States portal
1046:Illustration of the
931:contested nomination
761:
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249:
183:contested nomination
99:American territories
95:District of Columbia
4172:Stonewall Democrats
2827:2016 (Philadelphia)
2482:1948 (Philadelphia)
2422:1936 (Philadelphia)
1968:Fourth Party System
1958:Second Party System
1831:46.1 (1960): 26–31.
1803:Aug 15, 2020 online
1777:6.1 (1978): 95–120.
1718:5.1 (1899): 64–82.
1711:(Free Press, 1984).
1597:Pew Research Center
1203:McGovern commission
1174:and members of the
1052:St. Louis, Missouri
999:) has taken place.
626:U.S. Virgin Islands
6102:Quadrennial events
5969:1900 • 1904 • 1908
5124:Constitution Party
4501:Debates and forums
4298:Election timelines
4073:Blue Dog Coalition
2747:2000 (Los Angeles)
2602:1972 (Miami Beach)
2542:1960 (Los Angeles)
2322:1916 (Saint Louis)
2276:1904 (Saint Louis)
2263:1900 (Kansas City)
2224:1888 (Saint Louis)
2185:1876 (Saint Louis)
1978:Sixth Party System
1973:Fifth Party System
1963:Third Party System
1784:(Greenwood, 1983).
1755:(1977) pp 127–135
1751:Chester, Edward W
1103:1860 at Charleston
1064:state legislatures
1055:
800:
746:
719:At-large delegates
698:District delegates
677:
650:At-large delegates
595:
558:
555:At-large delegates
539:District delegates
519:
502:At-large delegates
464:
390:
43:
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5980:Progressive Party
5714:Libertarian Party
5149:Results breakdown
5144:
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4999:Libertarian Party
4574:Libertarian Party
4257:
4256:
4197:
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4083:Justice Democrats
3707:Wasserman Schultz
2198:1880 (Cincinnati)
2107:1856 (Cincinnati)
1846:American Heritage
1704:
1703:
1696:
1631:, August 28, 1996
1195:Robert F. Kennedy
1160:Chicago, Illinois
1115:William G. McAdoo
825:The bonuses are:
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254:Allocation factor
241:allocation factor
224:Electoral College
120:COVID-19 pandemic
53:) is a series of
6109:
6076:National Primary
5847:
5846:
5486:Republican Party
5226:Democratic Party
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5183:Republican Party
5160:Democratic Party
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4684:Democratic Party
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4508:Democratic Party
4437:Republican Party
4409:Democratic Party
4370:Republican Party
4347:Democratic Party
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4162:Democrats Abroad
4051:Policy Committee
4036:
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4019:Democrats Abroad
2807:2012 (Charlotte)
2302:1912 (Baltimore)
2172:1872 (Baltimore)
2094:1852 (Baltimore)
2081:1848 (Baltimore)
2068:1844 (Baltimore)
2055:1840 (Baltimore)
2042:1835 (Baltimore)
2029:1832 (Baltimore)
1942:
1941:Democratic Party
1933:
1926:
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1910:
1909:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1889:Official website
1807:Kazin, Michael.
1787:Eaton, Herbert.
1780:Davis, James W.
1744:Chase, James S.
1699:
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1679:
1674:Please read the
1670:may need cleanup
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1284:Wisconsin Center
1168:Richard J. Daley
1150:" speech at the
1091:Martin Van Buren
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5902:Greenback Party
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3277:J. W. Stevenson
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3140:D. B. Culberson
3025:
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2896:administrations
2894:
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2707:1992 (New York)
2647:1980 (New York)
2627:1976 (New York)
2362:1924 (New York)
2159:1868 (New York)
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1608:Herbert Eaton,
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1330:Politics portal
1328:
1321:
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1288:1984 convention
1282:to the smaller
1272:2020 convention
1259:that nominated
1257:1996 convention
1249:1976 convention
1237:1980 convention
1226:Hillary Clinton
1199:1972 convention
1191:George McGovern
1187:Eugene McCarthy
1183:Hubert Humphrey
1152:1896 convention
1146:delivered his "
1111:Alfred E. Smith
1072:Kitchen Cabinet
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1881:External links
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1817:Key Jr., V.O.
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1253:Walter Mondale
1131:Woodrow Wilson
1068:Andrew Jackson
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882:Superdelegates
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103:superdelegates
83:party platform
79:vice president
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4660:Super Tuesday
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4640:Iowa caucuses
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4224:Superdelegate
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4046:Senate Caucus
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3879:New Hampshire
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2975:L. B. Johnson
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2027:
2025:
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2017:
2014:
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2011:
2009:
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1993:
1987:
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1961:
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1677:
1676:editing guide
1671:
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1497:
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1484:
1476:
1475:public domain
1454:
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1443:
1441:
1439:
1427:September 20,
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
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1317:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1296:San Francisco
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:Prior to the
1268:
1266:
1262:
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1254:
1250:
1246:
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1233:
1231:
1227:
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1153:
1149:
1148:Cross of Gold
1145:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:John W. Davis
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1076:New Hampshire
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:By 1824, the
1053:
1049:
1044:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1000:
998:
993:
991:
990:James K. Polk
986:
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976:
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949:
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934:
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923:
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916:
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910:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
895:
894:superdelegate
889:
888:Superdelegate
879:
877:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
835:
831:
828:
827:
826:
823:
819:
810:
797:
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788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
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743:
740:
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734:
731:
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56:
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40:
35:
29:
22:
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5994:
5987:
5979:
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5960:
5953:
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5931:
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5917:
5910:
5900:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5850:
5841:
5830:
5474:
5225:
5078:Reform Party
5066:
4633:Major events
4614:
4330:
4063:House Caucus
3939:South Dakota
3929:Rhode Island
3924:Pennsylvania
3904:North Dakota
3034:A. Stevenson
2892:Presidential
2526:Stevenson II
2506:Stevenson II
2132:Breckinridge
2115:Breckinridge
2062:
2006:presidential
1997:presidential
1989:
1869:
1862:
1852:
1845:
1835:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1800:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1752:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1708:
1690:
1684:January 2023
1681:
1669:
1635:November 19,
1633:, retrieved
1626:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:
1529:. Retrieved
1520:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1462:February 12,
1460:. Retrieved
1425:. Retrieved
1367:
1280:Fiserv Forum
1269:
1261:Bill Clinton
1245:Jimmy Carter
1234:
1230:Barack Obama
1215:
1180:
1142:
1135:
1100:
1080:
1056:
1033:
1028:Jimmy Carter
1013:
1010:
1006:
994:
987:
979:
972:
944:
940:
927:
899:
893:
891:
873:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
833:
829:
824:
820:
816:
757:
688:
640:
634:
611:
569:
530:
493:
487:who are not
484:
480:
476:
475:
438:
433:
429:
425:
424:
418:
412:
406:
401:
245:
240:
236:
235:
228:
220:
205:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
144:
138:
129:
50:
46:
44:
5792:Green Party
5218:conventions
5040:Green Party
4596:Straw polls
4582:Green Party
4470:Fundraising
4104:Fundraising
4009:Puerto Rico
3854:Mississippi
3769:Connecticut
3729:territorial
3429:(2005–2017)
3423:(1995–2005)
3417:(1989–1995)
3411:(1977–1989)
3405:(1961–1977)
3399:(1953–1961)
3393:(1951–1953)
3387:(1949–1951)
3381:(1937–1949)
3375:(1923–1937)
3369:(1920–1923)
3363:(1919–1920)
3357:(1917–1919)
3351:(1913–1917)
3345:(1911–1913)
3339:(1909–1911)
3333:(1907–1909)
3327:(1906–1907)
3321:(1903–1906)
3315:(1899–1903)
3313:J. K. Jones
3309:(1898–1899)
3303:(1890–1898)
3297:(1885–1890)
3291:(1881–1885)
3285:(1877–1881)
3279:(1873–1877)
3259:U.S. Senate
3244:(2003–2023)
3238:(1995–2003)
3232:(1989–1995)
3226:(1987–1989)
3220:(1977–1987)
3214:(1971–1977)
3208:(1962–1971)
3202:(1940–1961)
3196:(1936–1940)
3190:(1935–1936)
3184:(1933–1934)
3178:(1929–1933)
3172:(1923–1929)
3166:(1921–1923)
3160:(1909–1921)
3154:(1903–1909)
3148:(1897–1903)
3142:(1895–1897)
3136:(1891–1895)
3130:(1889–1891)
3124:(1883–1889)
3118:(1876–1881)
3112:(1875–1876)
3106:(1873–1875)
3100:(1869–1871)
3090:(1859–1861)
3084:(1857–1859)
3078:(1855–1857)
3076:G. W. Jones
3072:(1851–1855)
3066:(1849–1851)
3060:(1845–1847)
3054:(1843–1845)
3052:J. W. Jones
3048:(1835–1839)
3042:(1834–1835)
3036:(1827–1834)
2995:(2009–2017)
2989:(1993–2001)
2983:(1977–1981)
2977:(1963–1969)
2971:(1961–1963)
2965:(1945–1953)
2951:Roosevelt (
2948:(1913–1921)
2936:(1868–1869)
2930:(1857–1861)
2924:(1853–1857)
2918:(1845–1849)
2912:(1837–1841)
2906:(1829–1837)
2271:Stevenson I
2245:Stevenson I
2016:1828 (None)
1992:conventions
1241:Ted Kennedy
1164:Vietnam War
1127:Champ Clark
1085:on May 21,
1024:Ted Kennedy
636:Puerto Rico
193:eaders and
165:eaders and
126:Delegations
91:U.S. states
6091:Categories
5852:Whig Party
4618:Ames, Iowa
4029:Affiliated
3969:Washington
3889:New Mexico
3884:New Jersey
3759:California
3146:Richardson
3010:U.S. House
2934:A. Johnson
2831:H. Clinton
2731:B. Clinton
2711:B. Clinton
2566:L. Johnson
2550:L. Johnson
2128:H. Johnson
2050:R. Johnson
1668:" section
1531:January 5,
1501:August 26,
1379:References
1218:Republican
982:dark horse
624:, and the
177:Unpledged
97:, and the
69:since the
5216:National
4675:primaries
4209:Primaries
4150:Sectional
3979:Wisconsin
3944:Tennessee
3849:Minnesota
3824:Louisiana
3727:State and
3692:McAuliffe
3520:McCormick
3443:Chairs of
3403:Mansfield
3391:McFarland
3367:Underwood
3361:Hitchcock
3325:Blackburn
3289:Pendleton
3206:McCormack
2957:1941–1945
2953:1933–1941
2940:Cleveland
2910:Van Buren
2880:primaries
2860:primaries
2840:primaries
2820:primaries
2800:primaries
2780:primaries
2760:primaries
2755:Lieberman
2740:primaries
2720:primaries
2700:primaries
2680:primaries
2660:primaries
2640:primaries
2620:primaries
2595:primaries
2575:primaries
2555:primaries
2535:primaries
2515:primaries
2495:primaries
2475:primaries
2466:Roosevelt
2455:primaries
2446:Roosevelt
2435:primaries
2426:Roosevelt
2415:primaries
2406:Roosevelt
2395:primaries
2375:primaries
2355:primaries
2350:Roosevelt
2335:primaries
2315:primaries
2241:Cleveland
2228:Cleveland
2219:Hendricks
2215:Cleveland
2193:Hendricks
2154:Pendleton
2150:McClellan
2059:Van Buren
2046:Van Buren
2037:Van Buren
2008:primaries
1083:Baltimore
1078:in 1831.
795:→
783:×
735:−
714:−
666:×
590:×
551:−
514:×
459:×
271:×
87:delegates
75:president
4670:Caucuses
4615:defunct:
4068:Factions
4039:Congress
3964:Virginia
3914:Oklahoma
3894:New York
3869:Nebraska
3859:Missouri
3844:Michigan
3834:Maryland
3819:Kentucky
3799:Illinois
3774:Delaware
3764:Colorado
3754:Arkansas
3717:Harrison
3678:Grossman
3620:Westwood
3585:Mitchell
3580:McKinney
3565:Hannegan
3525:Cummings
3415:Mitchell
3373:Robinson
3248:Jeffries
3236:Gephardt
3194:Bankhead
3152:Williams
3122:Carlisle
3017:Speakers
2928:Buchanan
2610:Eagleton
2606:McGovern
2586:Humphrey
2570:Humphrey
2530:Kefauver
2510:Sparkman
2390:Robinson
2370:C. Bryan
2366:J. Davis
2330:Marshall
2310:Marshall
2293:W. Bryan
2284:H. Davis
2267:W. Bryan
2254:W. Bryan
2111:Buchanan
1990:National
1801:Politico
1577:March 5,
1525:Archived
1302:See also
1276:COVID-19
1207:abortion
834:No bonus
145:District
139:At-large
6042:Reforms
5842:Defunct
4531:debates
4219:Debates
4202:Related
3984:Wyoming
3959:Vermont
3864:Montana
3804:Indiana
3784:Georgia
3779:Florida
3749:Arizona
3739:Alabama
3731:parties
3683:Rendell
3655:Wilhelm
3625:Strauss
3615:O'Brien
3605:O'Brien
3595:Jackson
3570:McGrath
3515:McCombs
3505:Taggart
3495:Harrity
3470:Belmont
3465:Smalley
3455:Hallett
3435:(2017–)
3433:Schumer
3421:Daschle
3397:Johnson
3379:Barkley
3283:Wallace
3261:leaders
3250:(2023–)
3218:O'Neill
3200:Rayburn
3170:Garrett
3164:Kitchin
3116:Randall
3104:Niblack
3098:Randall
3094:Niblack
3088:Houston
3012:leaders
3001:(2021–)
2987:Clinton
2969:Kennedy
2904:Jackson
2775:Edwards
2695:Bentsen
2691:Dukakis
2675:Ferraro
2671:Mondale
2655:Mondale
2635:Mondale
2614:Shriver
2546:Kennedy
2490:Barkley
2450:Wallace
2232:Thurman
2206:English
2202:Hancock
2176:Greeley
2163:Seymour
2124:Douglas
2033:Jackson
2024:Calhoun
2020:Jackson
1999:tickets
1953:History
1813:excerpt
1811:(2022)
1791:(1964)
1728:(1962)
1612:(1964).
1290:at the
1286:), the
1255:). The
1247:). The
1172:Yippies
1038:History
845:Cluster
222:in the
197:lected
169:lected
61:by the
4536:forums
4031:groups
3919:Oregon
3874:Nevada
3814:Kansas
3789:Hawaii
3744:Alaska
3687:Andrew
3669:Fowler
3640:Manatt
3630:Curtis
3610:Harris
3600:Bailey
3590:Butler
3560:Walker
3550:Farley
3545:Raskob
3540:Shaver
3485:Barnum
3480:Hewitt
3475:Schell
3460:McLane
3355:Martin
3343:Martin
3319:Gorman
3307:Turpie
3301:Gorman
3269:chairs
3267:Caucus
3242:Pelosi
3224:Wright
3212:Albert
3182:Rainey
3176:Garner
3128:Holman
3026:chairs
3024:Caucus
2981:Carter
2963:Truman
2946:Wilson
2922:Pierce
2871:Harris
2855:Harris
2651:Carter
2631:Carter
2590:Muskie
2486:Truman
2470:Truman
2430:Garner
2410:Garner
2326:Wilson
2306:Wilson
2280:Parker
2258:Sewall
2189:Tilden
2098:Pierce
2089:Butler
2076:Dallas
1874:online
1857:online
1840:online
1823:online
1793:online
1757:online
1740:online
1730:online
1720:online
1664:This "
772:PR2020
724:PR2020
703:PR2020
655:PR2020
477:Step 3
428:: The
426:Step 2
402:where
237:Step 1
151:Add-on
101:, and
93:, the
4623:Texas
4527:2020
3949:Texas
3829:Maine
3794:Idaho
3712:Perez
3702:Kaine
3674:Romer
3660:DeLee
3650:Brown
3635:White
3575:Boyle
3555:Flynn
3530:White
3500:Jones
3490:Brice
3385:Lucas
3337:Money
3230:Foley
3188:Byrns
3158:Clark
3134:Crisp
3058:Davis
2999:Biden
2993:Obama
2851:Biden
2835:Kaine
2815:Biden
2811:Obama
2795:Biden
2791:Obama
2771:Kerry
2386:Smith
2180:Brown
2167:Blair
1456:(PDF)
1421:(PDF)
1359:Notes
189:arty
161:arty
6024:1952
6017:1948
6010:1924
6003:1920
5996:1916
5989:1912
5962:1896
5955:1892
5933:1888
5926:1884
5919:1880
5912:1876
5890:1856
5883:1852
5876:1848
5869:1844
5862:1839
5831:2024
5825:2020
5820:2016
5815:2012
5810:2008
5805:2004
5800:2000
5782:2024
5777:2020
5772:2016
5767:2014
5762:2012
5757:2010
5752:2008
5747:2004
5742:2000
5737:1996
5732:1991
5727:1987
5722:1983
5704:2024
5699:2020
5694:2016
5689:2012
5684:2008
5679:2004
5674:2000
5669:1996
5664:1992
5659:1988
5654:1984
5649:1980
5644:1976
5639:1972
5634:1968
5629:1964
5624:1960
5619:1956
5614:1952
5609:1948
5604:1944
5599:1940
5594:1936
5589:1932
5584:1928
5579:1924
5574:1920
5569:1916
5564:1912
5559:1908
5554:1904
5549:1900
5544:1896
5539:1892
5534:1888
5529:1884
5524:1880
5519:1876
5514:1872
5509:1868
5504:1864
5499:1860
5494:1856
5475:2024
5469:2020
5464:2016
5459:2012
5454:2008
5449:2004
5444:2000
5439:1996
5434:1992
5429:1988
5424:1984
5419:1980
5414:1976
5409:1972
5404:1968
5399:1964
5394:1960
5389:1956
5384:1952
5379:1948
5374:1944
5369:1940
5364:1936
5359:1932
5354:1928
5349:1924
5344:1920
5339:1916
5334:1912
5329:1908
5324:1904
5319:1900
5314:1896
5309:1892
5304:1888
5299:1884
5294:1880
5289:1876
5284:1872
5279:1868
5274:1864
5269:1860
5264:1856
5259:1852
5254:1848
5249:1844
5244:1840
5239:1835
5234:1832
5207:2024
5202:2020
5197:2016
5192:2012
5187:2008
5179:2024
5174:2020
5169:2016
5164:2008
5136:2020
5131:2016
5115:2020
5110:2016
5105:2012
5100:2008
5095:2004
5090:2000
5085:1996
5068:2024
5062:2020
5057:2016
5052:2012
5047:2008
5031:2024
5026:2020
5021:2016
5016:2012
5011:2008
5006:2004
4990:2024
4985:2020
4980:2016
4975:2012
4970:2008
4965:2004
4960:2000
4955:1996
4950:1992
4945:1988
4940:1984
4935:1980
4930:1976
4925:1972
4920:1968
4915:1964
4910:1960
4905:1956
4900:1952
4895:1948
4890:1944
4885:1940
4880:1936
4875:1932
4870:1928
4865:1924
4860:1920
4855:1916
4850:1912
4832:2024
4827:2020
4822:2016
4817:2012
4812:2008
4807:2004
4802:2000
4797:1996
4792:1992
4787:1988
4782:1984
4777:1980
4772:1976
4767:1972
4762:1968
4757:1964
4752:1960
4747:1956
4742:1952
4737:1948
4732:1944
4727:1940
4722:1936
4717:1932
4712:1928
4707:1924
4702:1920
4697:1916
4692:1912
4673:and
4586:2016
4578:2016
4570:2024
4565:2020
4560:2016
4555:2012
4550:2008
4523:2016
4518:2008
4513:2004
4492:2020
4487:2016
4482:2012
4477:2008
4461:2024
4456:2020
4451:2016
4446:2012
4441:2008
4432:2024
4428:2020
4423:2016
4418:2008
4413:2004
4394:2024
4389:2020
4384:2016
4379:2012
4374:2008
4366:2024
4361:2020
4356:2016
4351:2008
4331:2024
4325:2020
4320:2016
4315:2012
4310:2008
4305:2004
3999:Guam
3954:Utah
3909:Ohio
3809:Iowa
3697:Dean
3665:Dodd
3645:Kirk
3535:Hull
3510:Mack
3445:the
3427:Reid
3409:Byrd
3349:Kern
3295:Beck
3110:Kerr
3070:Boyd
3064:Cobb
3046:Polk
3040:Bell
2916:Polk
2875:Walz
2751:Gore
2735:Gore
2715:Gore
2297:Kern
2136:Lane
2102:King
2085:Cass
2072:Polk
2063:None
1637:2022
1579:2019
1533:2015
1503:2018
1464:2020
1429:2019
1235:The
1222:2008
1209:and
1189:and
1138:1952
1123:1912
1113:and
1107:1924
1087:1832
1070:'s "
997:1952
975:1860
968:1924
964:1920
960:1912
956:1868
952:1856
948:1852
917:and
786:0.15
669:0.25
618:Guam
593:0.15
517:0.25
462:3200
363:2016
348:2012
333:2008
319:2016
304:2012
289:2008
155:PLEO
77:and
59:1832
45:The
3447:DNC
3264:and
3082:Orr
3021:and
2346:Cox
2003:and
1294:in
1158:in
1050:in
973:In
792:6.6
419:SEV
413:TDV
407:SDV
381:538
377:SEV
358:TDV
343:TDV
328:TDV
314:SDV
299:SDV
284:SDV
153:or
51:DNC
6093::
2955:;
2869::
2849::
2829::
2809::
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2729::
2709::
2689::
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2612:,
2608:/(
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2226::
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2200::
2187::
2174::
2161::
2148::
2140:SD
2138:,
2122::
2109::
2096::
2083::
2070::
2057::
2044::
2031::
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1764:.
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1595:,
1570:.
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1523:.
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1482:^
1437:^
1387:^
1125:,
962:,
958:,
954:,
950:,
933:.
892:A
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780:44
744:33
738:11
732:44
711:44
675:11
663:44
620:,
616:,
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2873:/
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2833:/
2813:/
2793:/
2773:/
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2733:/
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2633:/
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2528:/
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2282:/
2269:/
2256:/
2243:/
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2100:/
2087:/
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2048:/
2035:/
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1932:e
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