30:
120:
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1112:. In chapter 2, Umaswati presents sutras on soul. He asserts that soul is distinguished by suppression of deluding karma, or elimination of eight types of karmas, or partial presence of destructive karmas, or arising of eight types of new karmas, or those that are innate to the soul, or a combination of these. In chapter 3 through 6, Umaswati presents sutras for his first three categories of truth.
3186:
1193:(virtues such as forbearance, modesty, purity, truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity, renunciation), contemplation, endurance in hardship (he lists twenty two hardships including hunger, thirst, cold, heat, nakedness, injury, lack of gain, illness, praise, disrespect), and with good character towards others (he lists five – equanimity, reinitiation, non-injury (
1197:), slight passion and fair conduct), a soul stops karmic accumulations. External austerities such as fasting, reduced diet and isolated habitation, while internal austerities such as expiation, reverence, service, renunciation and meditation, according to Umaswati, along with respectful service to teachers and ailing ascetics help shed karma.
1162:
affects rebirths. He asserts that accumulated karma in life determine the length of life and realm of rebirth for each soul in each of four states – infernal beings, plants and animals, human beings and as gods. Further, states
Umaswati, karma also affects the body, the shape, the characteristics as
912:
Umaswati, along with
Kundakunda, is one of the two revered ancient scholars of Jainism. In Digambara tradition that reveres Kundakunda, Umaswati is considered as a disciple of Kundakunda. However, they differ in two ways. One, Kundakunda wrote in Prakrit, while Umaswati used Sanskrit. Second, their
1374:
865:
on the other hand, places him later, likely in the 2nd-century. Modern scholars such as Walter Slaje state that there are disagreements in dating
Umaswati, and even whether Umaswati and Umaswami were two different persons, who lived sometime between 2nd- to 5th-century CE.
1171:(lower) status. The accumulated and new karma are material particles, states Umaswati, which stick to the soul and these travel with the soul from one life to the next as bondage, where each ripens. Once ripened, the karmic particles fall off, states Umaswati.
1200:
The state of liberation is presented in
Chapter 10 by Umaswati. It is achieved when deluding and obstructive karmas have been destroyed. This leads to the state of quietism and potentiality, and the soul then moves to the end of the universe, states Umaswati.
1213:
has been the most important work of
Umaswati. However, this text exists in at least two overlapping versions. The Svetambara version and the Digambara versions differ, for example, in sutras 1.33 and 1.34, with the Svetambara version listing five
1260:
was composed in
Sanskrit, making it, according to Johnson, the earliest extant Sanskrit language literature related to Jainism. His text was cherished not only by the Jaina traditions, but widely distributed and preserved by the
1265:
for centuries. The Hindu theistic scholar
Madhvacharya praised Umaswati's ideas in the 13th-century, calling him Umasvati Vachakacharya (literally "expressive teacher"), as Madhvacharya developed his sub-school of
2054:
A Companion to
Sanskrit Literature: Spanning a Period of Over Three Thousand Years, Containing Brief Accounts of Authors, Works, Characters, Technical Terms, Geographical Names, Myths, Legends, and Several
29:
1241:
has been a key and the oldest surviving text in
Jainism, was accepted and widely studied in all four Jaina traditions (Svetambara, Digambara, Sthanakvasi and Terapantha). His
738:, and is the earliest extant comprehensive Jain philosophy text accepted as authoritative by all four Jain traditions. His text has the same importance in Jainism as
961:(simultaneous existence and non-existence of something), and non-possession. The text, states Jaini, summarizes "religious, ethical and philosophical" themes of
1120:
In chapter 7, Umaswati presents the Jaina vows and explains their value in stopping karmic particle inflow to the soul. The vows, translates
Nathmal Tatia, are
3041:
2222:
3142:
2396:
917:. Neither mentions the other in his writings, and scholars have debated if there was any link between the two, and who preceded the other.
1387:
to Jains, is recognized by all four Jain traditions as the earliest, most authoritative and comprehensive summary of their religion.".
1249:, was commented on by numerous Jaina scholars in the centuries that followed, for instance the 8th or 10th century Digambar acharya
3175:
4327:
1183:
by Umaswati describe how karmic particles can be stopped from attaching to the soul and how these can be shed. He asserts that
773:. Umaswati was influential not only in Jainism, but also other Indian traditions over the centuries. The 13th- to 14th-century
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808:(five supreme beings) in Jaina tradition. The theory mooted by Umaswati is that rebirth and suffering is on account of one's
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of Umasvati can be regarded as the main philosophical text of the religion and is recognized as authoritative by all Jains."
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2144:
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2199:
Harmless Souls: Karmic Bondage and Religious Change in Early Jainism with Special Reference to Umāsvāti and Kundakunda
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Harmless Souls: Karmic Bondage and Religious Change in Early Jainism with Special Reference to Umāsvāti and Kundakunda
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4386:
4286:
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993:(world view), enlightened knowledge and enlightened conduct are the path to liberation" – Translated by Nathmal Tatia
689:
643:
144:
834:
Umaswati was born in Nyagrodhika village. His father was Svati and his mother was Uma. Umaswati was thus called as
470:
4391:
713:, was an Indian scholar, possibly between 2nd-century and 5th-century CE, known for his foundational writings on
861:
According to Vidyabhusana's book published in 1920, Umaswati died in 85 CE. More recent scholarship, such as by
4281:
996:"Right faith, right knowledge and right conduct constitute the path to liberation" – Translated by Vijay Jain
4250:
842:
after his mother's lineage. His name is a combination of the names of his parents. Umaswati is also known as
973:(reviews and commentaries) have been written. Umaswati states that these beliefs are essential to achieving
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4113:
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1267:
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804:
4381:
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1237:
Umaswati was an influential, authoritative scholar in Indian history, particularly within Jainism. His
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545:
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2170:
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682:
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4007:
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8:
4312:
4191:
4154:
4128:
4067:
4017:
3577:
3445:
2730:
2593:
2474:
2430:
2406:
2379:
2328:
588:
139:
4302:
4276:
4149:
3992:
3922:
3917:
3552:
3547:
2857:
2776:
2518:
789:. Some in the Digambara Jain tradition believe him to be the chief disciple of Acharya
134:
762:
4171:
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4002:
3997:
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3117:
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2410:
2383:
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2318:
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2285:
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2150:
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2113:
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2007:
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1714:
1687:
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1633:
1577:
1470:
1407:
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954:
798:
374:
318:
313:
254:
242:
174:
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The Pravacana sara of kunda Kunda Acarya together with the commentary, Tattva-dipika
1229:, a guide for the aspirant on the path of peace and liberation from karmic bondage.
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2497:
1189:
1149:
1059:
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782:
722:
675:
598:
583:
573:
477:
204:
189:
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103:
75:
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4108:
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3809:
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3137:
3107:
3097:
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3006:
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2001:
1735:
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1571:
1494:
1464:
1401:
969:
or verses have found ready acceptance with all the sects of Jainas, and on which
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862:
735:
663:
578:
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4123:
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Complete release of karmic particles leads to liberation from worldly bondage (
740:
512:
498:
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463:
328:
274:
214:
169:
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491:
4365:
4266:
4118:
4103:
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3535:
3112:
3016:
2665:
2523:
2154:
903:). He was the first Jain thinker to have written a philosophical work in the
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323:
288:
129:
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456:
4186:
4176:
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3695:
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1683:
A Comprehensive History of Jainism: From the Earliest Beginnings to AD 1000
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1101:
958:
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633:
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892:
867:
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519:
405:
353:
209:
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3705:
3572:
3567:
3525:
3386:
3306:
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2810:
2781:
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2020:
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1137:
1100:
of perception; articulation that which is acquired through literature;
925:
790:
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555:
550:
400:
390:
385:
293:
264:
219:
91:
3819:
3153:
2466:
990:
822:, ultimately leading to liberation. The main philosophy in Umaswati's
119:
4161:
3824:
3779:
3748:
3700:
3685:
3440:
3410:
3233:
3210:
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2715:
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2261:
Acharya Umasvami's Tattvarthsutra: With Hindi and English Translation
1105:
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259:
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3127:
2874:
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2710:
2700:
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2685:
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1057:
Karmic particles bind to the soul which transmigrate with rebirth (
942:
826:
aphorisms is that "all life, both human and non-human, is sacred."
751:
731:
658:
368:
966:
3584:
3360:
3355:
3326:
3189:
2426:
A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Schools
1077:
1068:
962:
714:
111:
64:
2109:
A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern Schools
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1439:
1437:
1435:
1163:
well as the status of the soul within the same species, such as
4240:
3738:
3478:
3345:
3311:
2896:
2869:
1262:
1129:
1050:
970:
876:
is among the oldest surviving Jaina philosophy text along with
802:(head of the monastic order, teacher) and therefore one of the
778:
540:
199:
2133:
Karl H. Potter; Dalsukh Malvania; Jayendra Soni, eds. (2003).
1954:
1952:
1895:
1893:
1865:
1863:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1364:
1362:
1360:
884:, but dates Umaswati and the text to the 4th- to 5th-century.
3875:
3852:
3321:
2375:
1764:
1755:
Thus, there is a vast literature available but it seems that
1432:
1403:
Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE
1159:
1104:
is perception of things outside the natural reach of senses;
1097:
1041:
980:
His sutra have been variously translated. The first verse of
938:
905:
900:
896:
3185:
2032:
1981:
1949:
1920:
1890:
1860:
1848:
1590:
1357:
815:
2105:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1910:
1908:
1880:
1878:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1607:
1576:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 35 with footnote 23.
1539:
1503:
2225:, EB Cowell (Translator), Trubner & Co, pages 46–60
1964:
1932:
1905:
1875:
1776:
1383:, p. xi–xiii, Quote: "That Which Is, known as the
1326:
793:. However, this is disputed by some Western scholars.
2082:Śāstrārambha: Inquiries Into the Preamble in Sanskrit
2050:
1679:
1573:Śāstrārambha: Inquiries Into the Preamble in Sanskrit
1466:
An Archaeological History of Religions of Indian Asia
913:
doctrines differ in the details, such as those about
2241:
Free Will, Agency, and Selfhood in Indian Philosophy
2159:, Quote: "Vidyananda, Tattvarthasutra-Slokavarttika"
1527:
1515:
1492:
1316:
1314:
1551:
929:
Chart showing Samyak Darsana as per Tattvarthasutra
785:, for example referred to Umaswati in his works as
765:sects of Jainism as their own. On the basis of his
1420:
1092:Umaswati categorizes the types of knowledge to be
818:of virtuous living with austerities cleanses this
2172:Indian Semantic Analysis: The Nirvacana Tradition
1999:
1788:
1652:
1625:
1311:
1048:Karmic particles exist that inflow to each soul (
1026:presents seven categories of truth in sutra 1.4:
4363:
1174:
2454:Umaswati in Epigraphical and Literary Tradition
949:. He includes the doctrines on the subjects of
2189:
1713:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 46–51, 91–96.
1499:. Cambridge University Press. pp. xv–xvi.
3169:
2482:
2395:
2195:
1706:
1601:
1406:. Oxford University Press. pp. 395–396.
1395:
1393:
683:
2422:
2238:Dasti, Matthew R.; Bryant, Edwin F. (2014),
2168:
2085:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 34–43.
2078:
1733:
1569:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1447:
1400:Paul Dundas (2006). Patrick Olivelle (ed.).
1011:
2317:
2237:
1987:
1613:
1545:
1509:
1488:
1486:
1399:
814:(deeds) and a life lived in accordance to
3176:
3162:
2489:
2475:
2175:. Cambridge University Press. p. 21.
1686:. Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 282–283.
1390:
1075:Karmic particles can fall away from soul (
887:Umaswati authored his scriptural work the
690:
676:
28:
2348:That which is (Translator: Nathmal Tatia)
2298:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2007),
2297:
2139:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 594–600.
2112:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 186–187.
2058:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 348–349.
2006:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 154–157.
2003:Hindu Spirituality: Vedas Through Vedanta
1563:
1453:
1368:
1218:and the Digambara version listing seven.
2344:
2038:
2026:
1958:
1926:
1899:
1869:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1782:
1770:
1521:
1483:
1380:
1351:
1339:
1066:Karmic particles inflow can be stopped (
924:
3183:
2496:
2324:Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion
2223:Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha by Madhavacharya
1659:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 33–34.
1656:Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion
1629:Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion
726:(literally '"All That Is", also called
4364:
3157:
2470:
2364:
2277:
1737:The Scientific Foundations of Jainism
1557:
1533:
1426:
1143:
2423:Vidyabhusana, Satis Chandra (1920),
2257:
1975:
1943:
1914:
1884:
1794:
1740:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 103.
1320:
2459:Selections From Acharya Umaswami’s
2202:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 46.
2106:Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana (1920).
1632:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 25.
13:
2136:Volume X: Jain Philosophy (Part I)
1140:(abstinence from possessiveness).
945:language, enunciates the complete
14:
4413:
2447:
1136:(abstinence from carnality), and
1022:The core theology of Umaswati in
965:in the second century India. The
730:). Umaswati's work was the first
4346:
3184:
2402:Jainism: The World of Conquerors
984:has been translated as follows:
757:Umaswati is claimed by both the
657:
118:
2216:
2162:
2126:
2099:
2072:
2044:
2029:, pp. 297, also back flap.
1993:
1727:
1700:
1673:
1646:
1619:
1493:B Faddegon; F W Thomas (1935).
838:after his father's name and as
4282:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
2371:The Jaina Path of Purification
2051:Sures Chandra Banerji (1989).
1680:Asim Kumar Chatterjee (2000).
1469:. Paragon House. p. 221.
1:
2231:
1175:Shedding karma and liberation
1128:(abstinence from falsehood),
920:
2351:, Rowman & Littlefield,
1232:
1132:(abstinence from stealing),
1124:(abstinence from violence),
1039:Non-sentient matter exists (
895:or Kusumapura (now known as
829:
34:Image of Umaswami / Umaswati
7:
3367:
2345:Umāsvāti, Umaswami (1994),
2278:Lloyd, Christopher (2009),
1809:, p. xviii–xx, 2–3, 6.
1273:
1158:presents his sutras on how
499:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
275:Aparigraha (non-possession)
10:
4418:
4377:2nd-century Indian writers
2000:Krishna Sivaraman (1989).
1653:Piotr Balcerowicz (2003).
1626:Piotr Balcerowicz (2003).
1154:Umaswati, in chapter 8 of
1147:
1015:
485:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
464:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
4343:
4295:
4259:
4142:
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2544:
2504:
2284:, Bloomsbury Publishing,
1115:
1096:, attained through one's
1012:Seven categories of truth
87:
82:
70:
60:
52:
44:
39:
27:
20:
4397:2nd-century Indian monks
4387:2nd-century Indian Jains
2301:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
1305:
1204:
639:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
492:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
282:Anuvratas (further vows)
4246:Jain terms and concepts
3866:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
2304:, Infobase Publishing,
2281:What on Earth Happened?
2258:Jain, Vijay K. (2011),
728:Tattvarthadhigama Sutra
248:Mahavratas (major vows)
4392:2nd-century Jain monks
2196:W. J. Johnson (1995).
1707:W. J. Johnson (1995).
1009:
930:
787:Umasvati-Vachakacharya
546:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
457:Samayasāra (Digambara)
270:Brahmacarya (chastity)
4277:List of Jain ascetics
4082:Dynasties and empires
3871:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
2169:Eivind Kahrs (1998).
2079:Walter Slaje (2008).
1773:, pp. xiii–xvii.
1734:K. V. Mardia (1990).
1570:Walter Slaje (2008).
1463:Jack Finegan (1989).
1369:Jones & Ryan 2007
986:
928:
769:, he was also called
265:Asteya (non-stealing)
255:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
4272:List of Jain temples
3068:Chandrashekhar Vijay
1187:(curbing activity),
424:Schools and Branches
4402:Indian male writers
4353:Religion portal
4287:Topics List (index)
3578:Mahamastakabhisheka
2594:Digambara Terapanth
2498:Jain monks and nuns
2431:Motilal Banarsidass
2407:Motilal Banarsidass
2380:Motilal Banarsidass
2366:Jaini, Padmanabh S.
2329:Motilal Banarsidass
2264:, Vikalp Printers,
2041:, p. XLV, 206.
1978:, pp. 146–151.
1961:, pp. 250–263.
1946:, pp. 126–145.
1929:, pp. 213–248.
1917:, pp. 121–124.
1902:, pp. 200–203.
1887:, pp. 118–119.
1872:, pp. 195–199.
1857:, pp. 169–170.
1371:, pp. 439–440.
664:Religion portal
354:The 24 Tirthankaras
4251:Sexual differences
2858:Ganeshprasad Varni
2519:Indrabhuti Gautama
2319:Balcerowicz, Piotr
1602:Natubhai Shah 2004
1450:, pp. 168–69.
1354:, p. xi–xiii.
1144:Karma and rebirths
931:
781:Vedanta school of
717:. He authored the
705:, also spelled as
471:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
56:2nd to 5th century
48:1st to 5th century
4382:Indian Jain monks
4359:
4358:
4041:
4040:
3820:Hampa Nagarajaiah
3713:Auspicious dreams
3641:Bhaktamara Stotra
3514:
3513:
3151:
3150:
2931:Keśiśramanācharya
2440:978-81-208-0565-1
2358:978-0-06-068985-8
2291:978-1-4088-0597-8
2271:978-81-903639-2-1
2251:978-0-19-992275-8
2209:978-81-208-1309-0
2182:978-0-521-63188-4
2119:978-81-208-0565-1
2092:978-3-447-05645-8
2065:978-81-208-0063-2
2013:978-81-208-1254-3
1990:, pp. 30–31.
1845:, pp. 7–168.
1833:, pp. 33–62.
1821:, pp. 12–15.
1747:978-81-208-0658-0
1720:978-81-208-1309-0
1693:978-81-215-0931-2
1666:978-81-208-1977-1
1639:978-81-208-1977-1
1583:978-3-447-05645-8
1476:978-0-913729-43-4
1448:Vidyabhusana 1920
1413:978-0-19-977507-1
1179:The chapter 9 of
989:"The enlightened
977:or emancipation.
796:Umaswati, was an
734:language text on
700:
699:
319:Micchami Dukkadam
314:Bhaktamara Stotra
243:Ethics of Jainism
97:
96:
4409:
4351:
4350:
4313:Monks & nuns
4210:Statue of Ahimsa
4167:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
3891:
3890:
3805:Champat Rai Jain
3648:Tattvartha Sutra
3407:
3406:
3370:
3188:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3154:
2936:Swayamprabhasuri
2915:Kharatara Gaccha
2491:
2484:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2461:Tattvaarth Sutra
2443:
2419:
2392:
2361:
2341:
2314:
2294:
2274:
2254:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2146:978-81-20831-698
2130:
2124:
2123:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1997:
1991:
1988:Balcerowicz 2003
1985:
1979:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1947:
1941:
1930:
1924:
1918:
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1903:
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1888:
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1867:
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1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
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1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1757:Tattvartha Sutra
1731:
1725:
1724:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1623:
1617:
1614:Balcerowicz 2003
1611:
1605:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1546:Balcerowicz 2003
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1510:DastiBryant 2014
1507:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1460:
1451:
1445:
1430:
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1418:
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1397:
1388:
1385:Tattvartha Sutra
1378:
1372:
1366:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1324:
1318:
1258:Tattvartha Sutra
1256:Umaswati's text
1243:Tattvartha Sutra
1239:Tattvartha Sutra
1225:, he also wrote
1223:Tattvartha Sutra
1211:Tattvartha Sutra
1181:Tattvartha Sutra
1156:Tattvartha Sutra
1150:Karma in Jainism
1024:Tattvartha Sutra
1018:Tattva (Jainism)
1007:
1004:Tattvartha Sutra
982:Tattvartha Sutra
937:, an aphoristic
935:Tattvartha Sutra
933:Umaswati in his
889:Tattvartha Sutra
873:Tattvartha Sutra
805:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
783:Hindu philosophy
723:Tattvartha Sutra
692:
685:
678:
662:
661:
599:Shravanabelagola
506:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
478:Tattvartha Sutra
122:
99:
98:
83:Religious career
76:Tattvartha Sutra
32:
18:
17:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4345:
4339:
4291:
4255:
4204:Panch Kalyanaka
4138:
4077:
4073:Non-creationism
4037:
3971:
3882:
3834:
3815:Jeffery D. Long
3810:Padmanabh Jaini
3795:Virchand Gandhi
3775:Colette Caillat
3758:
3722:
3672:
3599:
3510:
3460:
3396:
3283:Heavenly beings
3220:
3192:
3182:
3152:
3147:
3138:Daulatsagarsuri
3108:Ratnasundarsuri
3098:Ramchandra Suri
3063:Buddhisagarsuri
3051:
3042:Vidyamandansuri
3007:Kalyansagarsuri
3002:Aryarakshitsuri
2992:Bappabhattisuri
2975:
2941:Ratnaprabhasuri
2919:
2891:
2881:
2750:
2649:
2608:
2553:
2549:Digambara monks
2540:
2500:
2495:
2450:
2441:
2417:
2405:, vol. I,
2390:
2359:
2339:
2321:, ed. (2003) ,
2312:
2292:
2272:
2252:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2167:
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2147:
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2127:
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2100:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1965:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1933:
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1898:
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1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1785:, pp. 5–6.
1781:
1777:
1769:
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1748:
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1425:
1421:
1414:
1398:
1391:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1342:, p. xiii.
1338:
1327:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1276:
1235:
1207:
1177:
1152:
1146:
1118:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
947:Jain philosophy
923:
891:when he was in
878:Bhagavati Sutra
863:Padmanabh Jaini
832:
824:Tatvartha Sutra
736:Jain philosophy
696:
656:
649:
648:
614:
613:
604:
603:
571:
570:
561:
560:
536:
535:
526:
525:
451:
450:
448:Jain literature
439:
438:
421:
420:
411:
410:
349:
348:
339:
338:
329:Ṇamōkāra mantra
309:
308:
299:
298:
240:
239:
230:
229:
160:
159:
71:Notable work(s)
35:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4415:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
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4284:
4279:
4274:
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4263:
4261:
4257:
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4233:
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4218:
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4206:
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4200:
4199:
4189:
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4179:
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4159:
4158:
4157:
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4136:
4131:
4126:
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4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4028:Southeast Asia
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3972:
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3942:
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3905:
3899:
3897:
3888:
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3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:Organisations
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3830:Jinendra Varni
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Hermann Jacobi
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Digambara monk
3730:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3668:Uttaradhyayana
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3636:Namokar Mantra
3630:
3625:
3623:Shatkhandagama
3620:
3618:Pravachanasara
3615:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
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3555:
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3538:
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3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3497:
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3491:
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3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3429:Kashtha Sangha
3426:
3424:Balatkara Gana
3415:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3268:Jain cosmology
3265:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3190:Jainism topics
3181:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3123:Vijayanandsuri
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3093:Vimalsagarsuri
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
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2920:
2918:
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2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2863:Jinendra Varni
2860:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2797:Saubhagyasagar
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
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2733:
2728:
2723:
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2713:
2708:
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2698:
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2627:
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2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2577:Kashtha Sangha
2574:
2572:Balatkara Gana
2563:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2449:
2448:External links
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2420:
2415:
2397:Shah, Natubhai
2393:
2388:
2362:
2357:
2342:
2337:
2315:
2311:978-0816054589
2310:
2295:
2290:
2275:
2270:
2255:
2250:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2208:
2188:
2181:
2161:
2145:
2125:
2118:
2098:
2091:
2071:
2064:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2012:
1992:
1980:
1963:
1948:
1931:
1919:
1904:
1889:
1874:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1746:
1726:
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1699:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1645:
1638:
1618:
1606:
1589:
1582:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1536:, p. 142.
1526:
1514:
1502:
1482:
1475:
1452:
1431:
1419:
1412:
1389:
1373:
1356:
1344:
1325:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1245:, also called
1234:
1231:
1206:
1203:
1176:
1173:
1145:
1142:
1117:
1114:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1016:Main article:
1013:
1010:
999:
987:
922:
919:
880:and the older
844:Vacaka-sramana
831:
828:
741:Vedanta Sutras
698:
697:
695:
694:
687:
680:
672:
669:
668:
667:
666:
651:
650:
647:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
615:
611:
610:
609:
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605:
602:
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596:
591:
586:
581:
572:
568:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
537:
533:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
516:
513:Silappatikaram
509:
502:
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
452:
446:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
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418:
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412:
409:
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403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
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371:
366:
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350:
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331:
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321:
316:
310:
306:
305:
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155:
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137:
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84:
80:
79:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
25:
24:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4414:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Jain acharyas
4370:
4369:
4367:
4354:
4349:
4342:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:List of Jains
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:Jain calendar
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4033:United States
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3967:Uttar Pradesh
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:Nalini Balbir
3768:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Vegetarianism
3546:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3144:
3143:Hansratnasuri
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Kalapurnasuri
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Jinadattasuri
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Upkeśa Gaccha
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Bhadrabahu II
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Samantabhadra
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2524:Sudharmaswami
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2416:81-208-1938-1
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:81-208-1578-5
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:81-208-1977-2
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2040:
2039:Umāsvāti 1994
2035:
2028:
2027:Umāsvāti 1994
2023:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1959:Umāsvāti 1994
1955:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:Umāsvāti 1994
1923:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1900:Umāsvāti 1994
1896:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:Umāsvāti 1994
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:Umāsvāti 1994
1851:
1844:
1843:Umāsvāti 1994
1839:
1832:
1831:Umāsvāti 1994
1827:
1820:
1819:Umāsvāti 1994
1815:
1808:
1807:Umāsvāti 1994
1803:
1796:
1791:
1784:
1783:Umāsvāti 1994
1779:
1772:
1771:Umāsvāti 1994
1767:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1616:, p. 25.
1615:
1610:
1604:, p. 48.
1603:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1560:, p. 81.
1559:
1554:
1548:, p. 26.
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1522:Umāsvāti 1994
1518:
1512:, p. 72.
1511:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1429:, p. 82.
1428:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1381:Umāsvāti 1994
1377:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1352:Umāsvāti 1994
1348:
1341:
1340:Umāsvāti 1994
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1323:, p. vi.
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Samantabhadra
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:Souls exist (
1029:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1005:
997:
992:
985:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
927:
918:
916:
910:
908:
907:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:
807:
806:
801:
800:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:, founder of
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:and known as
708:
704:
693:
688:
686:
681:
679:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
654:
653:
652:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
575:
565:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
530:
529:
522:
521:
517:
515:
514:
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
500:
496:
494:
493:
489:
487:
486:
482:
480:
479:
475:
473:
472:
468:
466:
465:
461:
459:
458:
454:
453:
449:
443:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
425:
415:
414:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Samantabhadra
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
376:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:Major figures
343:
342:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
324:Navkar Mantra
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
303:
302:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
279:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
260:Satya (truth)
258:
256:
253:
252:
249:
246:
245:
244:
234:
233:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
158:
152:
151:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
126:
125:
121:
117:
116:
113:
110:
109:
105:
101:
100:
93:
90:
86:
81:
78:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
26:
19:
16:
4208:
4187:Samavasarana
4177:Śalākāpuruṣa
3785:John E. Cort
3696:Ashtamangala
3691:Siddhachakra
3628:Kasayapahuda
3595:Pratikramana
3503:Sthānakavāsī
3261:Anekāntavāda
3257:Jaina logic
3251:Kevala Jñāna
3246:Epistemology
3103:Rajendrasuri
2961:Devardhigani
2951:Sthulabhadra
2736:Prabhācandra
2661:Amritchandra
2535:
2460:
2425:
2401:
2370:
2347:
2323:
2300:
2280:
2260:
2240:
2218:
2198:
2191:
2171:
2164:
2135:
2128:
2108:
2101:
2081:
2074:
2053:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2002:
1995:
1983:
1922:
1850:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1797:, p. 2.
1790:
1778:
1766:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1736:
1729:
1709:
1702:
1682:
1675:
1655:
1648:
1628:
1621:
1609:
1572:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1495:
1465:
1422:
1402:
1384:
1376:
1347:
1295:Sthulabhadra
1257:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1134:brahmacharya
1125:
1119:
1106:mind reading
1102:clairvoyance
1091:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1003:
988:
981:
979:
959:Anekantavada
951:non-violence
934:
932:
915:anekantavada
914:
911:
904:
888:
886:
882:Rsibhasitani
881:
877:
871:
870:agrees that
860:
855:
848:Nagaravacaka
847:
843:
839:
835:
833:
823:
819:
809:
803:
797:
795:
786:
775:Madhvacharya
771:Nagaravachka
770:
756:
745:
739:
727:
721:
710:
706:
702:
701:
634:Jain symbols
518:
511:
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
455:
373:
334:Jai Jinendra
307:Jain prayers
281:
247:
195:Kevala Jnana
165:Anekantavada
74:
15:
4129:Rashtrakuta
4046:Jainism and
3945:Maharashtra
3903:Bundelkhand
3790:Paul Dundas
3663:Kalpa Sūtra
3658:Aptamimamsa
3543:Monasticism
3474:Murtipujaka
3456:Kanji Panth
3436:Taran Panth
3419:Mula Sangha
3273:Siddhashila
3206:Tirthankara
3133:Vallabhsuri
3083:Mahashraman
3073:Jambuvijaya
3012:Yashovijaya
2997:Hemachandra
2910:Tapa Gaccha
2846:Tarun Sagar
2831:Pranamsagar
2826:Pramansagar
2821:Pragyasagar
2816:Kshamasagar
2772:Deshbhushan
2767:Shantisagar
2746:Taran Svami
2731:Yativṛṣabha
2681:Nemichandra
2635:Pushpadanta
2604:Kanji Panth
2584:Taran Panth
2567:Mula Sangha
1227:Prasamarati
1221:Along with
1167:(upper) or
1110:omniscience
893:Pataliputra
868:Paul Dundas
836:Svatitanaya
644:Topics list
569:Pilgrimages
520:Valayapathi
419:Major sects
406:Yashovijaya
210:Brahmacarya
4366:Categories
4308:Literature
4197:Samvatsari
3962:Tamil Nadu
3887:Jainism in
3706:Nandavarta
3653:Samayasāra
3605:Literature
3573:Kshamavani
3568:Paryushana
3531:Meditation
3526:Sallekhana
3466:Śvetāmbara
3387:Ratnatraya
3307:Gunasthana
3226:Philosophy
3078:Mahāprajña
3047:Udayaratna
3032:Hiravijaya
3022:Jinaharsha
2987:Haribhadra
2966:Siddhasena
2956:Jinabhadra
2946:Bhadrabahu
2888:Śvetāmbara
2841:Sudhasagar
2836:Pulaksagar
2811:Guptisagar
2782:Guptinandi
2777:Vidyasagar
2741:Vidyananda
2671:Gunabhadra
2625:Kundakunda
2531:Bhadrabahu
2244:, OUP US,
2232:References
2055:Appendices
1558:Jaini 1998
1534:Lloyd 2009
1427:Jaini 1998
1300:Hemchandra
1290:Bhadrabahu
1280:Haribhadra
1251:Vidyananda
1148:See also:
1138:aparigraha
1002:Umaswati,
921:Philosophy
791:Kundakunda
763:Śvētāmbara
747:Yogasutras
556:Samvatsari
551:Paryushana
434:Śvetāmbara
401:Haribhadra
391:Siddhasena
386:Kundakunda
294:Sallekhana
220:Gunasthana
215:Aparigraha
157:Philosophy
92:Kundakunda
4226:Sculpture
4162:Ekendriya
4023:Singapore
4008:Hong Kong
3988:Australia
3957:Rajasthan
3928:Karnataka
3840:Community
3825:Bal Patil
3780:Chandabai
3749:Pattavali
3701:Shrivatsa
3686:Jain flag
3563:Festivals
3519:Practices
3507:Terapanth
3494:Tristutik
3484:Kharatara
3446:Terapanth
3441:Bispanthi
3411:Digambara
3234:Five Vows
3211:Ganadhara
3088:Prem Suri
3037:Manatunga
3027:Anandghan
2971:Vimalsuri
2792:Aryanandi
2787:Gyansagar
2726:Aparajita
2716:Kumudendu
2706:Manatunga
2676:Pujyapada
2645:Vattakera
2640:Bhutabali
2620:Dharasena
2589:Bispanthi
2514:Ganadhara
2509:Pattavali
2399:(2004) ,
2368:(1998) ,
2155:718313318
1976:Jain 2011
1944:Jain 2011
1915:Jain 2011
1885:Jain 2011
1795:Jain 2011
1321:Jain 2011
1247:Dasasutri
1233:Reception
1094:empirical
856:Umasvamin
854:call him
852:Digambara
840:Vatsisuta
830:Biography
767:genealogy
759:Digambara
719:Jain text
629:Jain flag
619:Ekendriya
594:Shikharji
534:Festivals
429:Digambara
381:Ganadhara
170:Cosmology
4318:Scholars
4296:Navboxes
4155:Timeline
4104:Ikshvaku
4089:Chalukya
4058:Hinduism
4053:Buddhism
4018:Pakistan
3976:Overseas
3763:Scholars
3744:Kshullak
3727:Ascetics
3718:Swastika
3536:Sāmāyika
3451:Yapaniya
3402:Branches
3128:Nemisuri
2980:Medieval
2890:ascetics
2875:Gyanmati
2853:Kshullak
2721:Harisena
2711:Ravisena
2701:Akalanka
2696:Jayasena
2691:Jinasena
2686:Virasena
2654:Medieval
2599:Yapaniya
2559:Branches
2536:Umaswati
1274:See also
1000:—
943:Sanskrit
941:text in
752:Hinduism
750:have in
732:Sanskrit
711:Umaswami
707:Umasvati
703:Umaswati
584:Palitana
369:Mahavira
359:Rishabha
289:Sāmāyika
140:Timeline
104:a series
102:Part of
61:Religion
40:Personal
22:Umaswati
4328:America
4323:Temples
4172:Pratima
4150:History
4143:Related
4134:Santara
4114:Kalinga
4109:Kadamba
4099:Hoysala
4068:Sikhism
3993:Belgium
3923:Haryana
3918:Gujarat
3848:Śrāvaka
3754:Acharya
3678:Symbols
3632:Mantra
3585:Upadhan
3558:Rituals
3553:Fasting
3392:Kashaya
3382:Saṃsāra
3361:Nirjara
3356:Samvara
3327:Pudgala
3216:Arihant
2924:Ancient
2897:Gacchas
2762:Acharya
2613:Ancient
1268:dualism
1078:nirjara
1069:samvara
991:darsana
963:Jainism
909:style.
799:Acharya
715:Jainism
624:Temples
375:Arihant
225:Saṃsāra
135:History
112:Jainism
88:Teacher
65:Jainism
4333:Bengal
4241:Nigoda
4216:Temple
4182:Tirtha
4124:Pandya
4119:Maurya
4003:Europe
3998:Canada
3983:Africa
3950:Mumbai
3940:Kerala
3739:Aryika
3479:Gaccha
3351:Bandha
3346:Asrava
3341:Tattva
3332:Dharma
3312:Dravya
3300:Causes
3278:Naraka
3239:Ahimsa
3056:Modern
2870:Aryika
2755:Modern
2437:
2413:
2386:
2355:
2335:
2308:
2288:
2268:
2248:
2206:
2179:
2153:
2143:
2116:
2089:
2062:
2010:
1753:Quote:
1744:
1717:
1690:
1663:
1636:
1580:
1473:
1410:
1263:Hindus
1195:ahimsa
1190:dharma
1169:Nicchi
1130:asteya
1126:anirta
1122:ahimsa
1116:Ethics
1108:; and
1086:moksha
1060:bandha
1051:asrava
975:moksha
971:bhasya
967:Sūtras
955:ahimsa
779:Dvaita
589:Girnar
541:Diwali
364:Pārśva
238:Ethics
205:Tattva
200:Dravya
185:Dharma
175:Ahimsa
4260:Lists
4221:Stupa
4094:Ganga
4063:Islam
4013:Japan
3933:North
3908:Delhi
3895:India
3876:JAINA
3858:Tamil
3853:Sarak
3613:Agama
3590:Tapas
3377:Death
3368:Mokṣa
3322:Ajiva
3295:Types
3290:Karma
3118:Tulsi
2376:Delhi
1306:Notes
1216:nayas
1205:Works
1185:gupti
1165:Ucchi
1160:karma
1098:sense
1042:ajiva
939:sutra
906:sutra
901:Bihar
897:Patna
820:karma
811:karma
612:Other
574:Tirth
190:Mokṣa
180:Karma
145:Index
130:Jains
4303:Gods
3489:Tapa
3317:Jīva
3198:Gods
2806:Muni
2435:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2384:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2333:ISBN
2306:ISBN
2286:ISBN
2266:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2177:ISBN
2151:OCLC
2141:ISBN
2114:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1715:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1209:The
1033:Jīva
846:and
816:vows
761:and
744:and
53:Died
45:Born
4236:Law
4231:Art
3913:Goa
1006:1.1
953:or
579:Abu
4368::
2433:,
2429:,
2409:,
2382:,
2378::
2374:,
2331:,
2327:,
2149:.
1966:^
1951:^
1934:^
1907:^
1892:^
1877:^
1862:^
1750:.
1592:^
1485:^
1455:^
1434:^
1392:^
1359:^
1328:^
1313:^
1270:.
1253:.
957:,
899:,
858:.
850:.
754:.
106:on
3177:e
3170:t
3163:v
2490:e
2483:t
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2068:.
2016:.
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1045:)
1036:)
691:e
684:t
677:v
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