224:
331:, thus declaring Quirigua's independence from Copan. In 738, a date given conspicuous prominence in Quirigua's monuments, Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat captured and beheaded Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil. This event is recorded on Quirigua's monuments as an 'ax event', referring to the beheading of Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil. The only reference at Copan is on the Hieroglyphic Stairway, recording the death of Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil by 'flint and shield'. There is no evidence of a large-scale battle at or around Copan during the 730's, suggesting that Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil was captured abroad.
790:
253:
244:. The most impressive of these is Structure 10L-22, which represents a sacred man-made mountain. The inner chamber of 10L-22 was likely central in the performance of auto-sacrificial bloodletting rituals. The corners of the structure are decorated with stone masks, textually labeled as 'stone mountain'. The entrance was carved in the likeness of an arching Celestial Monster, representing the mouth of a cave and a symbolic entrance into the earth.
335:
348:
Chan Yopaat hosted a delegation from the polity of
Calakmul, including its ruler Wamaw Kʼawiil. This suggests that Calakmul played a role in Copan's defeat, possibly even providing the armed forces necessary to overpower a polity the size of Copan. Calakmul's possible motives include control of important trade routes, but more importantly striking a blow against its rival polity Tikal, Copan's greatest ally.
38:
357:
his was likely under Kʼak Tiliw Chan Yopaat's jurisdiction. Inscriptions at
Quirigua name Kʼak Tiliw Chan Yopaat as the 14th ruler in the line of the founder, a possible reference to him as successor of Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil. At the very least, the loss of the Quirigua trade routes would have meant a substantial economic and political setback.
276:
macaws may be symbolic of sun in the
Underworld. This could make the players symbolic combatants in the battle between light and dark. The inclined benches of the ballcourt are inscribed with hieroglyphic text, one of these being the commemoration date. It was dedicated in 738, only 113 days before
356:
The effects of
Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil's death were profound. After an era of unprecedented architectural and sculptural achievement, no new structures or monuments were erected for 18 years after Copan's defeat. Kʼakʼ Joplaj Chan Kʼawiil succeeded Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil as ruler of Copan, but
347:
It is unlikely that a polity only one-tenth the size of Copan could overthrow centuries of regional hegemony by acting alone. Stela I at
Quirigua states that in 736, two years before Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil's defeat and two years after the inscription declaring Quirigua's independence, Kʼakʼ Tiliw
231:
Based on the number of structures and monuments constructed during his reign, Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil is considered the greatest patron of the arts in Copan's history. This period was characterized by a deep, florid relief, which represents the culmination of the sculptural tradition of Copan.
285:
Between 711 and 736, Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil commissioned the construction of seven monuments. Stelas C, F, 4, H, A, B, and D (erected in that order) represent one of the greatest achievements in
Classic Maya sculpture. Each stela depicts Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil in ritual pose, with a
211:, in 695. He began his reign with the construction of the Esmeralda Structure in order to entomb the remains of Smoke Imix. This ritually terminated the adjacent ancient temple of Papagayo constructed 250 years earlier by the celebrated Ruler 2, son of
323:
trade route. About 35 years into his reign, Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil presided over the accession of Kʼak Tiliw Chan Yopaat, who was to be subject to Copan's authority. In 734 on Altar M at
Quirigua, Kʼak Tiliw Chan Yopaat gives himself the title
268:. It is remarkable for the sloping benches used by players of the game, and by six macaw markers, the function of which is not completely resolved. Many of the stone macaws associated with the ballcourt wear the sign for darkness,
319:, on May 3, 738. Quirigua was a vassal of Copan, founded by a subordinate of Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ in 426. Though only about one-tenth the size of Copan, it was an important location controlling the
215:. He later constructed the original hieroglyphic stairway on the east side of the Esmeralda Structure. A passage on the stairway commemorates its construction 15 years after the death of Smoke Imix.
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The reign of
Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil saw the construction of several structures, some of which were lost to erosion by the
673:
286:
two-headed centipede bar clasped to his chest. The text of Stela A proclaims that Copan ranked with three other kingdoms,
207:
Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil ascended to the throne of Copan upon the death of the 12th ruler in the line of the founder,
260:
The final architectural achievement of
Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil was Ballcourt A-III. It is one of the most imposing
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The final version of the ballcourt was dedicated by
Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil in AD 738.
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Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya
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Stela P at Copán, depicting Quirigua's Kʼakʼ Chan Yopaat.
311:
Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil was captured and beheaded by
611:
384:"NOVA | Transcripts | Lost King of the Maya | PBS"
1518:
520:
298:, as the four great polities of the Maya World.
199:). He ruled from January 2, 695, to May 3, 738.
42:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil's portrait on Stela H
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618:(6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA:
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264:in the region, surpassed only by that of
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1519:
586:Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens
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235:
1537:8th-century monarchs in North America
726:
700:
645:Schele, Linda; David Freidel (1990).
584:Martin, Simon; Nikolai Grube (2008).
1542:8th century in the Maya civilization
277:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kawiil's death.
183:polity associated with the site of
13:
674:"Hieroglyphs and History at Copán"
14:
1553:
788:
653:William Morrow and Company, Inc.
651:(First ed.). New York, NY:
373:Martin & Grube 2000, p.203.
315:, ruler of the small polity of
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588:(2nd ed.). New York, NY:
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1:
525:(Revised ed.). London.:
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523:Scribes, Warriors, and Kings
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173:"Waxaklajuun Ub'aah K'awiil"
7:
10:
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1441:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
227:The Hieroglyphic Stairway.
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165:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
22:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
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1096:Annals of the Cakchiquels
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620:Stanford University Press
610:; Loa P. Traxler (2006).
521:Fash, William L. (2001).
179:or ruler of the powerful
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1456:Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
1416:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
557:. London and New York:
463:Martin & Grube 2000
313:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
262:Mesoamerican ballcourts
195:Maya name was probably
343:Political implications
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228:
62:9 July 695 - 3 May 738
1431:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
1421:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1180:Título de Totonicapán
753:Classic Maya collapse
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213:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
1436:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
1159:Ritual of the Bacabs
820:Twin-pyramid complex
1401:Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
1371:Xmucane and Xpiacoc
1166:Songs of Dzitbalché
559:Thames & Hudson
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302:Death and aftermath
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137:Yax Kuk Mo Dynasty
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1411:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
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648:A Forest of Kings
608:Sharer, Robert J.
590:Thames and Hudson
527:Thames and Hudson
169:"Eighteen Rabbit"
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110:(aged 62–63)
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1285:Post-Classic
1274:Moon goddess
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805:Architecture
686:. Retrieved
682:the original
647:
613:
585:
553:
522:
491:
472:Martin 2008.
468:
447:
426:Sharer 2006.
406:Stuart 1996.
402:
391:. Retrieved
387:
378:
369:
355:
346:
325:
310:
284:
273:
269:
266:Chichen Itza
259:
239:
230:
219:Architecture
206:
196:
172:
168:
164:
163:
27:
1506:Yohl Ikʼnal
1341:Hun Hunahpu
1259:Kinich Ahau
1249:Jaguar gods
451:Shele 1990.
388:www.pbs.org
242:Copan River
108:(738-05-03)
67:Predecessor
1527:738 deaths
1521:Categories
1356:Qʼuqʼumatz
1229:Hero Twins
1214:Death gods
1088:Literature
1024:Households
990:Priesthood
688:2011-01-19
480:References
442:Fash 2001.
393:2020-12-20
209:Smoke Imix
187:in modern
1496:Sak Kʼukʼ
1326:Popol Vuh
1264:Maize god
1224:Goddess I
1145:Popol Vuh
995:Sacrifice
978:Midwifery
968:Childhood
918:Mythology
881:Languages
768:Guatemala
352:Aftermath
307:Beheading
281:Sculpture
248:Ballcourt
106:3 May 738
77:Successor
1491:Lady Xoc
1351:Jacawitz
1336:Camazotz
1319:Yum Kaax
1314:Kukulkan
1074:Tzolkʼin
1035:Calendar
985:Religion
943:Textiles
923:Numerals
908:Medicine
903:Mayanist
844:Ceramics
837:Graffiti
672:(1996).
638:57577446
577:47358325
551:(2000).
514:59432778
492:The Maya
490:(1999).
317:Quirigua
292:Palenque
288:Calakmul
189:Honduras
153:Religion
113:Quiriguá
1381:Zipacna
1346:Huracan
1254:Kʼawiil
1239:Itzamna
1200:Classic
1192:Deities
1122:Grolier
1115:Dresden
1109:Codices
959:Society
948:Warfare
886:Classic
864:Economy
854:Cuisine
825:Revival
810:E-Group
778:Yucatán
763:Chiapas
739:History
326:kʼuhul
203:History
197:Oxwitik
193:Classic
1467:Queens
1331:Awilix
1279:Yopaat
1244:Ixchel
1129:Madrid
1059:Kʼatun
1049:Baktun
938:Stelae
928:People
891:Script
849:Cities
798:Topics
658:
636:
626:
596:
575:
565:
533:
512:
502:
294:, and
143:Father
1392:Kings
1376:Xquic
1361:Tohil
1309:Ixtab
1219:God L
1209:Chaac
1204:Bacab
1136:Paris
1079:Winal
1054:Haabʼ
973:Women
933:Sites
913:Music
869:Trade
859:Dance
773:Petén
361:Notes
296:Tikal
274:akbal
270:akbal
191:(its
185:Copán
132:House
120:Issue
97:Copán
59:Reign
53:Copán
1304:Chin
1299:Akna
1289:Acat
1064:Kʼin
1044:Ajaw
1017:Ajaw
896:List
656:ISBN
634:OCLC
624:ISBN
594:ISBN
573:OCLC
563:ISBN
531:ISBN
510:OCLC
500:ISBN
328:ajaw
181:Maya
177:ajaw
103:Died
91:Born
49:King
29:Ajaw
16:Ajaw
1269:Mam
1069:Tun
832:Art
171:or
94:675
51:of
1523::
676:.
632:.
622:.
592:.
571:.
561:.
547:;
529:.
508:.
498:.
456:^
431:^
411:^
386:.
290:,
720:e
713:t
706:v
691:.
664:.
640:.
602:.
579:.
539:.
516:.
396:.
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