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denoted any of the leading class of nobles in a particular polity. It was not limited to a single individual, with a meaning variously rendered as "leader", "ruler", "lord", "king", or "queen", depending on the individual. Since the
286:, boasts what may be the royal tomb of the earliest-known Mayan ruler. This tomb has been dated to 350-300 BC. It contains the earliest evidence of the institution of ajaw in the Maya Lowlands.
254:
could also be applied to persons who, in theory, recognised the overlordship of another person, dynasty, or state. When the title was given to women rulers, such as
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173:), as well as in their contemporary descendant languages (in which there may be observed some slight variations). "Ajaw" is the modernised
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246:("divine lord") indicates a sovereign leader of a polity, although the extent of the territory and influence controlled by an
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scholars. Before this standardisation, it was more commonly written as "Ahau", following the orthography of 16th-century
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Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of
American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894–1895
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variants are known. A picture of the ruler sometimes substitutes for the more abstract day sign.
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in the standard revision of Mayan orthography, put forward in 1994 by the
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426:. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc (FAMSI).
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performed religious activities, it also designated a member of the
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Montgomery, John; Peter
Mathews; Christophe Helmke (2002–2007).
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530:, sound file and syllabic glyph example at John Montgomery's
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444:"The History of the Transcription of the Mayan Languages"
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156:(this version is typical of many monumental inscriptions)
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inscriptions. It is also the name of the 20th day of the
441:
129:, the Maya divinatory calendar, on which a ruler's
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402:New Data from a Preclassic Tomb at Kʼo, Guatemala.
451:Amerindia, Revue d'Ethnolinguistique amérindienne
1359:
360:
358:
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479:
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169:both those in pre-Columbian use (such as in
378:. Wayeb and Leiden University. p. 16.
365:Kettunen, Harri; Christophe Helmke (2005).
340:. Wayeb and Leiden University. p. 32.
327:Kettunen, Harri; Christophe Helmke (2005).
560:
546:
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
399:John Tomasic and Steven Bozarth (2011),
137:
34:This article includes a list of general
424:Maya Hieroglyphic writing: Dictionaries
1360:
567:
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289:
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20:
13:
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
18:Pre-Columbian Maya political title
14:
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521:
382:from the original on 17 June 2007
344:from the original on 17 June 2007
206:, the representation of the word
629:
430:from the original on 7 June 2007
417:"Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs"
368:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
330:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
165:The word is known from several
91:
25:
532:Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs,
501:U.S. Government Printing Office
192:in Spanish transcriptions (now
485:"Day Symbols of the Maya Year"
393:
320:
274:, associated with the Classic
218:. In either case, quite a few
145:for the 20th named-day of the
119:political title attested from
1:
313:
160:
493:Bureau of American Ethnology
442:Osborne, Deborah (1994–95).
184:, and now widely adopted by
135:-ending rituals would fall.
7:
301:
270:The archaeological site of
10:
1394:
1282:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
225:
196:in the modernised style).
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1030:
937:Annals of the Cakchiquels
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873:
797:
638:
627:
577:
534:published online at FAMSI
487:. In J. W. Powell (ed.).
250:varied considerably, and
182:Academia de Lenguas Mayas
1297:Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
1257:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
497:Smithsonian Institution
55:more precise citations.
282:located in modern-day
157:
1272:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
1262:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1021:Título de Totonicapán
594:Classic Maya collapse
210:could be as either a
141:
1277:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
1000:Ritual of the Bacabs
661:Twin-pyramid complex
503:. pp. 199–266.
1242:Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
1212:Xmucane and Xpiacoc
1007:Songs of Dzitbalché
405:Kansas.academia.edu
1267:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
1075:Howler monkey gods
453:. 19–20: 435–442.
290:In Popular Culture
201:Maya hieroglyphics
158:
1368:Maya inscriptions
1355:
1354:
1292:Yuknoom Chʼeen II
1252:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
570:Maya civilization
513:Project Gutenberg
491:. Washington DC:
266:Earliest evidence
214:, or spelled-out
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1317:Lady Eveningstar
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599:Spanish conquest
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47:Please help to
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468:on 2006-11-19
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294:In the game,
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150:Maya calendar
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114:pre-Columbian
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23:
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1378:Noble titles
1207:Vucub Caquix
1166:
1135:Ah-Muzen-Cab
1126:Post-Classic
1115:Moon goddess
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
993:Rabinal Achí
991:
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944:Chilam Balam
942:
935:
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646:Architecture
531:
511:– via
488:
470:. Retrieved
463:the original
450:
432:. Retrieved
423:
401:
395:
384:. Retrieved
367:
346:. Retrieved
329:
322:
308:Halach Uinik
293:
269:
256:K'awiil Ajaw
251:
247:
243:
235:
230:
229:
216:syllabically
207:
198:
193:
190:Yucatec Maya
181:
171:Classic Maya
164:
153:
130:
124:
87:
83:
82:
67:
58:
39:
15:
1347:Yohl Ikʼnal
1182:Hun Hunahpu
1100:Kinich Ahau
1090:Jaguar gods
252:kʼuhul ajaw
244:kʼuhul ajaw
175:orthography
53:introducing
1362:Categories
1197:Qʼuqʼumatz
1070:Hero Twins
1055:Death gods
929:Literature
865:Households
831:Priesthood
472:2007-05-08
434:2007-05-08
386:2022-11-13
348:2022-11-13
314:References
179:Guatemalan
161:Background
121:epigraphic
36:references
1337:Sak Kʼukʼ
1167:Popol Vuh
1105:Maize god
1065:Goddess I
986:Popol Vuh
836:Sacrifice
819:Midwifery
809:Childhood
759:Mythology
722:Languages
609:Guatemala
459:0221-8852
284:Guatemala
276:Maya city
61:July 2010
1332:Lady Xoc
1192:Jacawitz
1177:Camazotz
1160:Yum Kaax
1155:Kukulkan
915:Tzolkʼin
876:Calendar
826:Religion
784:Textiles
764:Numerals
749:Medicine
744:Mayanist
685:Ceramics
678:Graffiti
509:14963920
483:(1897).
428:Archived
380:Archived
342:Archived
302:See also
212:logogram
186:Mayanist
143:Logogram
126:tzolkʼin
1222:Zipacna
1187:Huracan
1095:Kʼawiil
1080:Itzamna
1041:Classic
1033:Deities
963:Grolier
956:Dresden
950:Codices
800:Society
789:Warfare
727:Classic
705:Economy
695:Cuisine
666:Revival
651:E-Group
619:Yucatán
604:Chiapas
580:History
226:Meaning
220:glyphic
199:In the
194:Yukatek
152:cycle,
147:Tzolkin
49:improve
1308:Queens
1172:Awilix
1120:Yopaat
1085:Ixchel
970:Madrid
900:Kʼatun
890:Baktun
779:Stelae
769:People
732:Script
690:Cities
639:Topics
528:'AJAW'
507:
457:
280:Holmul
132:kʼatun
38:, but
1233:Kings
1217:Xquic
1202:Tohil
1150:Ixtab
1060:God L
1050:Chaac
1045:Bacab
977:Paris
920:Winal
895:Haabʼ
814:Women
774:Sites
754:Music
710:Trade
700:Dance
614:Petén
466:(PDF)
447:(PDF)
1145:Chin
1140:Akna
1130:Acat
905:Kʼin
885:Ajaw
858:Ajaw
737:List
505:OCLC
455:ISSN
260:Coba
248:ajaw
236:ajaw
231:Ajaw
208:ajaw
154:Ajaw
117:Maya
88:Ahau
84:Ajaw
1110:Mam
910:Tun
673:Art
374:PDF
336:PDF
278:of
272:Kʼo
86:or
1364::
499:;
495:,
449:.
422:.
357:^
105:aʊ
96:ɑː
561:e
554:t
547:v
515:.
475:.
437:.
389:.
376:)
372:(
351:.
338:)
334:(
108:/
102:x
99:ˈ
93:/
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
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