Tuskegee University

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debilitating disease that can leave its victims with permanent neurological damage and horrifying scars. Penicillin was discovered in 1927 and it was being used to treat human disease by the early 1940s. In 1947 it had become the gold standard in treating syphilis and often only required one intramuscular dose to eliminate the disease. The researchers were well aware of this information and in order to continue their experiments, they chose to withhold the life-saving treatment. The researchers proceeded to actively deter study participants from obtaining penicillin from other physicians. The patients were told that they had "bad blood." This experiment was conducted by the

1644: 1684: 1452: 1656: 907: 8890: 1632: 1833: 1608: 1584: 1476: 605: 1620: 1488: 1536: 613: 1464: 1512: 1524: 1596: 1548: 8203: 845: 1560: 1668: 1136: 930: 1161: 995: 828:, Henry H. Rogers was a major anonymous contributor to Tuskegee and dozens of other black schools for more than fifteen years. There is some discussion as to whether his strong support for "industrial" education was fully earnest or at least partly a strategy to attract such large donors, as he thought the idea of an "industrial" college would appeal to them. Publication of the article "Industrial Education of the Negro" in a leading magazine designed for African-American readers is one piece of evidence against this claim. 1366: 1729: 561: 474: 40: 353: 10065: 8214: 1413: 1426: 1400: 10079: 1168: 1143: 2562: 1387: 584:, Washington intended to train students in skills, morals, and religious life, in addition to academic subjects. Washington urged the teachers he trained "to return to the plantation districts and show the people there how to put new energy and new ideas into farming as well as into the intellectual and moral and religious life of the people." Washington's second wife 490:. W.F. Foster offered that, if Adams could persuade the black constituents to vote for Foster, then Foster, if elected, would push the state of Alabama to establish a school for black people in the county. The majority of Macon County's population was black, so black constituents had political power. Adams succeeded and Foster followed through with the school. 746:

labor as practical, but also as beautiful and dignified. As part of their work-study programs, students constructed most of the new buildings. Many students earned all or part of their expenses through the construction, agricultural, and domestic work associated with the campus, as they reared livestock and raised crops, as well as producing other goods.

2096:, the oldest black college football classic in the country. Instead, after going 10–2 the Golden Tigers made their first playoff appearance in school history for the 2013 NCAA Division II Football Championship, for which they had qualified in the past but could not participate due to the Turkey Day Classic. Tuskegee competed against the 872:. He had long been concerned about the lack of educational resources for blacks, especially in the South. After meeting with Washington, Rosenwald agreed to serve on Tuskegee's board of directors. He also worked with Washington to stimulate funding to train teachers' schools such as Tuskegee and Hampton institutes. 509:. A teachers' school was the dream of Lewis Adams, a former slave, and George W. Campbell, a banker, merchant, and former slaveholder, who shared a commitment to the education of black people. Despite lacking formal education, Adams could read, write, and speak several languages. He was an experienced 1406:

Built in 1906 and completely renovated in 2013, Tompkins Hall serves as the primary student dining facility and student center. The building includes a ballroom, an auditorium, a game room, a retail restaurant, and a 24-hour student study with healthy food vending machines. It is home to the offices

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The postwar decades were a time of continued expansion for Tuskegee, which added new programs and departments, adding graduate programs in several fields to reflect the rise of professional studies. For example, its School of Veterinary Medicine was added in 1944. Mechanical Engineering was added in

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for the U.S. Public Health Service medical experiment (1932–1972), where 399 poor—and mostly illiterate—African American sharecroppers became part of a study on non-treating and natural history of syphilis. The center houses the Bioethics Honors Program available to undergraduate students interested

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The academic programs are organized into five colleges and two schools: (1) The College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences; (2) The College of Arts and Sciences; (3) The Brimmer College of Business and Information Science; (4) The College of Engineering; (5) The College of Veterinary

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were studied. These experiments have become infamous for deceiving study participants, poor African-American men, both by not telling them that they had latent syphilis and by pretending to give them medical care; in fact researchers were only monitoring the progression of the disease. Syphilis is a

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students within the Department of Food and Nutrition Science are able to receive hands on experience at the Kellogg Hotel & Conference Center. The Kellogg Hotel & Conference Center is the only center at a historically black university; there are only 11 worldwide. Other Kellogg Conference

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was also interested in the Institute and its aeronautical school. In 1941 she visited Tuskegee Army Air Field and worked to have African Americans get the chance as pilots in the military. She corresponded with F.D. Patterson, the third president of the Tuskegee Institute, and frequently lent her

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of 100 acres in size. In 1973 the Tuskegee Institute, now Tuskegee University, did an oral history interview with Annie Lou "Bama" Miller. In that interview she indicated that her grandmother sold the original 100 acres of land to Booker T. Washington. That oral history interview is located at the

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The years after World War I challenged the basis of the Tuskegee Institute. Teaching was still seen as a critical calling, but southern society was changing rapidly. Attracted by the growth of industrial jobs in the North, including the rapid expansion of the Pennsylvania Railroad, suffering job

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Beginning with a pilot program in 1912, Rosenwald created model rural schools and stimulated construction of new schools across the South. Tuskegee architects developed the model plans, and some students helped build the schools. Rosenwald created a fund but required communities to raise matching

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The school expressed Washington's dedication to the pursuit of self-reliance. In addition to training teachers, he also taught the practical skills needed for his students to succeed at farming or other trades typical of the rural South, where most of them came from. He wanted his students to see

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Adams and Campbell had secured $ 2,000 from the State of Alabama for teachers' salaries but nothing for land, buildings, or equipment. Adams, Campbell (replacing Thomas Dryer, who died after his appointment), and M. B. Swanson formed Tuskegee's first board of commissioners. Campbell wrote to the

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The Marching Crimson Piper Band (MCP) is one of the oldest HBCU marching bands in the nation being founded in 1883. Since its inception, the band has performed at TU athletic events, nationally televised shows, NFL games, the Honda Battle of the Bands, Mardi Gras parades, and many other notable

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under the Division of Mechanical Industries in 1893. The 4-year curriculum in architecture leading to the Bachelor of Science degree was initiated in 1957 and the professional 6-year program in 1965. The Robert R. Taylor School of Architecture offers two professional programs: Architecture, and

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Booker T. Washington is laid to rest in the Tuskegee University Campus Cemetery. Many other notable university people are interred on the Tuskegee campus including: George Washington Carver, Cleveland L. Abbott, William L. Dawson, Luther Hilton Foster (4th president), Frederick D. Patterson (3rd

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The Legacy Museum houses: The African collection (contains approximately 900 items), the antiques and miscellaneous items collection and The Lovette W. Harper Collection of African Art. Third Floor exhibition contains "The United States Public Health Service Untreated Syphilis Study in the Negro

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students during these years. Following small-scale recruitments prior to the 1898–99 school year, the university quickly gained popularity among ambitious Afro-Cubans. In the first three decades of the school's existence, dozens of Afro-Cubans enrolled at Tuskegee each year, becoming the largest

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The National Historic Site includes Booker T. Washington's home The Oaks and the George Washington Carver Museum. The district historic landmark district includes the entire Tuskegee University campus at the time. "Points of special historic interest" noted in the landmark description include:

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center devoted to engaging the sciences, humanities, law and religious faiths in the exploration of the core moral issues which underlie research and medical treatment of African Americans and other under-served people. The official launching of the Center took place two years after President

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to award Baccalaureate, Master's, Doctorate, and professional degrees. The following academic programs are accredited by national agencies: Architecture, Business, Education, Engineering, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Social Work, and Veterinary Medicine.

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James Henry Meriwether Henderson Hall is Tuskegee University's new Agricultural Life Science Teaching, Extension and Research Building. Henderson Hall provides labs for teaching introductory courses in animal, plant, soil, and environmental sciences as well as biology and

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Robert R. Taylor School of Architecture and Construction Science is home to one of only 2 NAAB-accredited, architecture professional degree programs in the state of Alabama. It is also home to one of the top Construction Science and Management degree programs in the

1789:. The Mechanical Engineering Department was established in 1954 and the Chemical Engineering Department began in 1977; The Department of Electrical Engineering is the largest of five departments within the College of Engineering. The program is accredited by EAC/ 1804:

College of Engineering – Luther H. Foster Hall has long been home to one of the nation's best engineering programs containing: Aerospace Science Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Materials Science Engineering, Mechanical and Military

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funds, to encourage local collaboration between blacks and whites. Rosenwald and Washington stimulated the construction and operation of more than 5,000 small community schools and supporting resources for the education of blacks throughout the rural

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was commissioned in 1958 to produce a new campus master plan. In 1960 he was awarded, along with the partnership of John A. Welch and Louis Fry, the commission for a new chapel, perhaps the most significant modern building constructed in Alabama.

588:, was instrumental to Tuskegee's success. As assistant principal, she worked with Washington to raise funds from donors in Massachusetts, and within a few months, they had raised enough to purchase a farm and construct a large school building. 485:

for Colored Teachers. This was a result of an agreement made during the 1880 elections in Macon County between a former Confederate Colonel, W.F. Foster, who was a candidate for re-election to the Alabama Senate, and a local black Leader,

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Washington was a tireless fundraiser for the institute. In 1905 he kicked off an endowment campaign, raising money all over America in 1906 for the 25th anniversary of the institution. Along with wealthy donors, he gave a lecture at

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Tuskegee University archives. The earliest campus buildings were constructed on that property, usually by students as part of their work-study. By the start of the 20th century, the Tuskegee Institute occupied nearly 2,300 acres.

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Despite his travels and widespread work, Washington continued as principal of Tuskegee. Concerned about the educator's health, Rosenwald encouraged him to slow his pace. In 1915, Washington died at the age of 59, as a result of

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Tuskegee University School of Nursing – Basil O'Connor Hall. Tuskegee Institute Training School of Nurses was registered with the State Board of Nursing in Alabama in September 1892 under the auspices of Tuskegee University's

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Memorial Hospital. In 1948 the university began its baccalaureate program in Nursing; becoming the first nursing program in the state of Alabama. The Nursing department holds full accreditation from the

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for the significance of its academic programs, its role in higher education for African-Americans, and its status in United States history. Congress authorized the establishment of the Tuskegee Institute

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and unveiled on April 5, 1922. The statue depicts Dr. Washington lifting the veil of ignorance off his people, who had once been enslaved, by showing them the ways of a better life through education and

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Gradually, a rural extension program was developed, to take progressive ideas and training to those who could not come to the campus. Tuskegee alumni founded smaller schools and colleges throughout the

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international civil and human rights activist, the first woman from Alabama to run for United States Congress in 1964 (affectionately known as "Queen Mother Amelia"), best known for her role in the "

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in the first round of the playoffs, but lost 30–27. Tuskegee won the 2014 SIAC Football Championship and advanced to the first round of the NCAA Division II football playoffs with a loss of 20–17 to

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As a young free man after the Civil War, Washington sought a formal education. He worked his way through Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University) and attended college at

1463: 961:, migration to the North continued, with California added as a destination because of its defense industries. A total of 5 million black Southerners moved out of the South from 1940 to 1970. 10105: 8678: 949:

and increasing mechanization of agriculture, and fleeing extra-legal violence, hundreds of thousands of rural blacks moved from the South to Northern and Midwestern industrial cities in the

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Tuskegee won the 2013–14 SIAC Championship and advanced to the 2014 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament. Tuskegee won the NCAA Division II South Regional Championship by defeating

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The school of Nursing was established as the Tuskegee Institute Training School of Nurses and registered with the Alabama State board of Nursing, September 1892 under the auspices of the

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Brandon, Dwayne T., Lydia A. Isaac, and Thomas A. LaVeist. "The legacy of Tuskegee and trust in medical care: is Tuskegee responsible for race differences in mistrust of medical care?."

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national senior outdoor meet for all athletes 14 times in 1937–1942 and 1944–1951. The team likewise won the AAU national indoor championship four times in 1941, 1945, 1946 and 1948.

2449:, architect for most of the Tuskegee campus buildings and founder of trades programs, served as second in command to Tuskegee's founder and first president, Dr. Booker T. Washington 8777: 8149: 8051: 1881:

to help redress diversity shortages in the medical field. Qualified Tuskegee students will automatically gain admissions into the medical school with a tuition-free first semester.

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The Tuskegee University football team has won 29 SIAC championships (the most in SIAC history). As of 2013 the Golden Tigers continue to be the most successful HBCU with 652 wins.

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Sodeke, Stephen Olufemi, and Lauren R. Powell. "Paying tribute to Henrietta lacks at Tuskegee University and at the Virginia Henrietta lacks commission, Richmond, Virginia."

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Tuskegee's Men's Basketball won the 2014 SIAC Championship and the 2014 NCAA Division South Region Championship. The Golden Tigers also made it to the Elite Eight during the

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Tuskegee is ranked 109th among 614 master's universities (which award a significant number of master's degrees but few or no doctoral degrees) in the U.S. according to the

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Canadian-born American architect and engineer, of African descent. He was the first Black architect registered in the states of Alabama (in 1935) and Michigan (in 1939).

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Tuskegee University's historic Cleveland Leigh Abbott Memorial Alumni Stadium, completed 1924. The stadium was the first of its kind to be built at any HBCU in the south.

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Sodeke, Stephen Olufemi. "Tuskegee University experience challenges conventional wisdom: is integrative bioethics practice the new ethics for the public's health?."

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photographer who documented working class African Americans, ex-slaves, and black leaders; also served as the institute's official photographer for four decades.

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Tuskegee University provides Campus Police protection for its students and staff, on and off-campus, which is on-call 24-hours. All officers are state certified.

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showing they merit inclusion in this article AND are alumni, or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate

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Track began (Men and Women) at Tuskegee in 1916. The first Tuskegee Relays and Meet was held on May 7, 1927; it was the oldest African American relay meet.

1970:(SIAC). The university has a total of 10 varsity sports teams, five men's teams called the "Golden Tigers", and five women's teams called the "Tigerettes". 8693: 8250: 6610: 4100: 1974: 1445:

Tuskegee University provides on-campus apartment style living for students in the Commons Apartments located across the campus in three different locations

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Buckley, Ingrid A., and Hira Narang. "A Study: Exploring the Feasibility of Developing a Computer Science Online Degree Program at Tuskegee University."

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The Kellogg Hotel & Conference Center at the renovated Dorothy Hall (built 1901) was established in 1994 on the campus of Tuskegee University by the

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most blacks by constitutional amendments and electoral rules from 1890 until 1964. Against this background, Washington's vision, as expressed in his "

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in Tuskegee, Booker T. Washington began classes for his new school in a rundown church and shanty. The following year (1882), he purchased a former

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African American scientist, botanist, educator, and inventor whose studies and teaching revolutionized agriculture in the Southern United States

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in 1881 by Lewis Adams, and Booker T. Washington with help from the Alabama legislature via funding from two politicians seeking black votes.

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Gold Coast educator, administrator, journalist, editor, Presbyterian minister and fourth Synod Clerk, Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast

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2020 rankings, which rate schools' contribution to the public good as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service.

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alumni, esteemed educator and minister, Education Chief of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor

1853:. The Clinical Laboratory Science Program is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. (NAACLS) 1759:(D.V.M.); its School of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1944. The school is fully accredited by the Council on Education of the 1737:

Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health; (6), The Taylor School of Architecture and Construction Science; and (7) The School of Education.

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architect and professor; appointed as the first chair of the architecture department at Tuskegee Institute, a newly formed department

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The continuing expansion of black education took place against a background of increased violence against blacks in the South, after

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Margaret Murray Washington Hall is home to Office of Admission, University Bookstore and additional dining services for the students

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In April 2024, Tuskegee received a $ 20 million gift from an anonymous donor. The major gift will go towards supporting Tuskegee’s

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that will allow Tuskegee students to receive a bachelor's degree and law degree in six years as opposed to the traditional seven.

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Brown, M. Christopher. "The politics of industrial education: Booker T. Washington and Tuskegee State Normal School, 1880-1915."

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George Washington Carver (front row, center) poses with fellow faculty of Tuskegee Institute in this c. 1902 photograph taken by

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Thanks to recruitment efforts on the island and contacts with the U.S. military, Tuskegee had a particularly large population of

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Where to educate, 1898–1899. A guide to the best private schools, higher institutions of learning, etc., in the United States

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fighter pilot in the U.S. Air Force, who in 1975 became the first African American to reach the rank of four-star General

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In May 2024, Mark Brown became the first Tuskegee graduate (Class of 1986) to be appointed president of the institution.

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Mayes, McKinley. "Status of agricultural research programs at 1890 land-grant institutions and Tuskegee University." In

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Suffragist, YWCA leader on national level, activist for social and women's health issues, and host of a salon in Harlem

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was the first African American woman to win an Olympic gold medal in any sport, at the 1948 Olympic Games in London.

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donated $ 20 million to Tuskegee. Her donation is the largest single gift in Tuskegee's history from a known donor.

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and other booming areas. The programs at Tuskegee, based on an agricultural economy, had to change. During and after

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academic programs, as well as vocational institutes. In the early twentieth century, Du Bois envisioned the rise of "

739: 573: 140: 5348: 1014:, about 4 miles (6.4 km) away from the campus center. The graduates became known as the Tuskegee Airmen. The 8424: 8394: 8389: 8323: 7693: 7391: 7104: 6841: 6361: 5923: 3580: 1838: 953:. A total of 1.5 million moved during this period. In the South, industrialization was occurring in cities such as 750: 392: 4703: 4195:

Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic: Tuskegee, Colonialism, and the Shaping of African Industrial Education

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Tuskegee, in cooperation with church missionary activity, work to set up industrial training programs in Africa.

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Soares, Leigh (April 2023). ""Tuskegee is Her Monument": Gender and Leadership in Early Public Black Colleges".

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The Aerospace Science Engineering department was established in 1983. Tuskegee University is the first and only

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Perceived as a spokesman for black "industrial" education, Washington developed a network of wealthy American

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US Air Force Fighter pilot, in 1975 became the first African American to reach the rank of four-star General

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Construction Science and Management. The 5-year Bachelor of Architecture program is fully accredited by the

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The Main Library, Hollis Burke Frissell now known as the Ford Motor Company Library/Learning Resource Center

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lawyer who researched and advocated for the pardon of Clarence Norris, the last surviving Scottsboro Boy

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Executive director of the National Baptist Association, editor of the National Baptist Voice, mentor to

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program has won thirteen SIAC championships and has produced several professional players, including

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program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the

1763:(AVMA). About 75% of the nation's African-American veterinarians graduated from Tuskegee's program. 1709: 1661:

Tuskegee University campus partial view of the "Valley" and the Kellogg Hotel & Conference Center

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also rated Tuskegee 20th "Best Regional College in the South" for 2021 out of 134 schools evaluated.

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regained power in state governments and imposed white supremacy in society. They instituted legal

407: 5542:, 320–327. University of Illinois Press, 2004. Early recordings by the Tuskegee Institute Singers. 4962: 4826: 1902:

places Tuskegee 3rd out of 79 Historically Black Colleges and Universities in their 2022 rankings.

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singer, founder of Mwalimu School in Harlem, president of Texas Association of Negro Musicians

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director of agricultural operations and instruction at Tuskegee, first Black graduate from the

2232: 2173: 2144: 1953: 1696: 1243: 889: 604: 593: 445: 312: 208: 4101:"Dr. Charlotte P. Morris elected as 9th President of Tuskegee University by Board of Trustees" 9551: 9441: 9386: 9376: 9320: 9152: 9097: 8655: 8625: 7794: 7774: 7152: 6174: 5259: 4425: 4378: 3540: 3090: 3035: 2909: 2707: 2640: 2580: 2373:

Architect, stained glass artist, educator, academic administrator, and civil rights activist

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In 1985, Tuskegee Institute achieved university status and was renamed Tuskegee University.

969:

From 1932 to 1972, Tuskegee Institute collaborated with the United States government in the

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The Tuskegee Revolt: Student Activism, Black Power, and the Legacy of Booker T. Washington.

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to develop plans for safeguarding the school's historic buildings against climate change.

8: 9828: 9784: 9706: 9696: 9631: 9591: 9491: 9481: 9456: 9451: 9431: 9205: 9122: 8874: 8683: 8650: 8565: 8489: 7633: 7570: 7292: 7109: 6979: 6807: 6742: 6325: 6275: 5153: 3597: 3390: 2974: 2523: 2331: 2152: 1007: 954: 809: 727:

in Washington, DC (now Virginia Union University). He returned to Hampton as a teacher.

712: 542: 406:

figures, including founder and first principal/president Booker T. Washington, scientist

160: 5559:

Chandler, Dana R. "Lifting the veil: digitizing Black archives at Tuskegee University."

5396:"Charlotte Hubbard, First Black Woman Deputy Asst. Secretary of State, Dies in Maryland" 3972: 3958: 3213:, was syndicated across the United States and heard by over 10 million radio listeners. 1493:

Tuskegee University's campus has a park like setting and features many large green areas

1055:

1953, and a four-year program in Architecture in 1957, with a six-year program in 1965.

441:. Tuskegee is home to nearly 3,000 students from around the U.S. and over 30 countries. 9964: 9879: 9661: 9611: 9601: 9556: 9546: 9521: 9516: 9361: 9356: 9260: 9215: 9190: 9117: 8899: 8859: 7302: 7252: 7024: 7014: 6934: 6914: 6904: 6590: 6315: 6310: 6285: 6255: 6129: 6086: 5939: 5889: 5730: 5131: 4915: 4563: 4072: 3268: 3141: 3123: 3067: 2993: 2820: 2748: 2456: 2408: 2093: 2028: 1999: 1913: 1481:

Booker T. Washington Boulevard is the main drive into the campus of Tuskegee University

938: 778: 766: 754: 672: 642: 585: 502: 430: 377: 84: 5422: 4496: 4148:

Forging Diaspora: Afro-Cubans and African Americans in a World of Empire and Jim Crow.

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events. MCP is accompanied by the Crimson Piperettes (danceline) and Twirling Divas.

1274: 9979: 9974: 9938: 9746: 9691: 9596: 9576: 9526: 9501: 9496: 9421: 9371: 9351: 9250: 9200: 9012: 8620: 8585: 8580: 8560: 8452: 8442: 7552: 7192: 7079: 6994: 6964: 6939: 6335: 6189: 5673: 5263: 5252: 5204: 5177: 5078: 5031: 4941: 4931: 4919: 4876: 4849: 4805: 4623: 4456: 4446: 4341:"Tuskegee University Receives Anonymous $ 20 Million Gift | Tuskegee University" 4207: 4169: 4076: 4035: 3812: 3325: 3246: 3150: 2943: 2876: 2500: 2467:(1968-1974); executive vice president and provost of Tuskegee University (1974-1980) 2430:

early Sierra Leonean nationalist politician who taught at Tuskegee in the late 1920s

2009: 1810: 1700: 1188: 1034: 869: 844: 682: 581: 534: 403: 388: 307: 222: 4610:"Cumberland School of Law Partners with Tuskegee University for Accelerated Program" 2151:), 106–87, in the Elite Eight of the NCAA Division II tournament at Ford Center, in 784:

Washington gradually attracted notable scholars to Tuskegee, including the botanist

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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places

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The campus was designated as the Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site by the

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in collaboration with the Tuskegee Institute. This was a direct violation of the

801: 457: 434: 415: 1926:

National Center for Bioethics in Research and Health Care is the nation's first

1865:(NAAB). Graduates of the program are qualified to become registered architects. 929: 9969: 9751: 9726: 9656: 9566: 9536: 9486: 9476: 9411: 9381: 9331: 7287: 7142: 7009: 5228: 4988: 3511: 3444: 2829: 2811: 2738: 2725: 2633:

author of "Growing Up Black in Mississippi" and "Green Berets in the Vanguard"

2180: 1821: 1741: 825: 817: 797: 770: 5479:

Center for Arkansas History and Culture, University of Arkansas at Little Rock

4527: 4327:"$ 3.8M in Action Fund Grants Help Protect 40 African American Historic Sites" 4260: 3805:

https://www.tuskegee.edu/Content/Uploads/Tuskegee/files/IE/TUFactBook22-23.pdf

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athlete who specialized in high jump, and was the first black woman to win an

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Religion and Community. Facts On File, 1997. African-American History Online

4460: 1921: 473: 9711: 9686: 9671: 9651: 9280: 9240: 8849: 7039: 6969: 5448:"UAB Prof. Jessica Scoffield Becomes First Recipient of Notable Fellowship" 3626: 3619:

First African-American woman in the North Carolina General Assembly (1972)

3380: 3339: 3256: 3173: 2956: 2684: 2676: 2241: 1932: 1857: 1755:

Tuskegee University is the only Historically Black University to offer the

1377: 1328: 958: 897: 426: 411: 352: 39: 5383: 4726:"A Message from the National Bioethics Center for Research in Health Care" 2251:

photographer who made portraits of many black leaders and shot covers for

769:" speech, became controversial and was challenged by new leaders, such as 425:

programs, including a five-year accredited professional degree program in

9681: 9676: 9666: 9561: 9436: 8984: 8961: 5787: 4232: 3683: 3237: 2884: 2120: 1011: 946: 702: 487: 460:, the first professionally trained African-American landscape architect. 4842:

Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Louis Edwin Fry Sr. (1903–2000)".

3437:

microbiologist who is currently professor emeritus at Howard University

1774:

Tuskegee University offers several Engineering degree programs all with

9897: 9531: 8989: 6605: 5827: 5498:

Hairston, Otis L. Greensboro North Carolina. Arcadia Publishing, 2003.

5071:

Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Donald Frank White (1908–2002)".

4068: 3931:"First African-American landscape architect launched career at Cornell" 3201: 3081: 2348: 2184: 2124: 2048: 1813:

College of Business and Information Science is fully accredited by the

832: 742:, out of which he expanded the institute in the decades that followed. 550: 5627: 5540:

Lost Sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry, 1890-1919

9844: 8183:

List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places

5622: 3487: 3307: 3228: 1980:

The Tuskegee Department of Athletics sponsors the following sports:

1927: 1704: 514: 5617: 2165:

List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships

1744:

for qualified rising sophomores with at least a cumulative 3.2 GPA.

9616: 4426:

National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings: Tuskegee Institute

3895:

Visual identity and COmmunications Policies for Tuskegee University

3357: 2113: 2038: 1749:

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges

1637:

Daniel "Chappie" James Center -Tuskegee basketball pre-game warm-up

1023: 974: 774: 758: 541:, requesting the recommendation of a teacher for their new school. 538: 510: 9052: 5197:

Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (December 12, 2003). "Albert Grant Brown".

4474: 493:

The school became a part of the expansion of higher education for

10121:

Historically black universities and colleges in the United States

8751: 8518: 8263: 5200:

African-American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945

5173:

African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945

5074:

African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945

4872:

African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945

4845:

African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945

4368: 3875: 3264: 1003: 228: 8792: 2774:

a member of the Tuskegee Airmen who rose to the rank of Colonel

1732:

A view of the Tuskegee University campus – White Hall bell tower

773:, who argued that blacks should have opportunities for study in 5059:

Deborah Partridge Wolfe: Biography of a Kappa Delta Pi Laureate

4869:

Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "William Augustus Hazel".

4741:

American Women's Track and Field – A History, 1895 through 1980

2084:

In 2013 Tuskegee opted not to renew its contract to face rival

2043: 2014: 1884:

In 2020, Tuskegee established a strategic partnership with the

402:

in 1974. The university has been home to a number of important

5170:

Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Charles Sumner Bowman".

1977:. Tuskegee's Women's Softball won the 2014 SIAC Championship. 1613:

Andrew F. Brimmer College of Business and Information Sciences

10106:

National Register of Historic Places in Macon County, Alabama

7754: 1687:

The Tuskegee University Kellogg Hotel & Conference Center

9036:

Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service

4743:. Jefferson, North Carolina, U.S.: McFarland & Co., Inc. 3538:

television actress best known as Dee from the 1970s TV show

2836:

70s R&B band whose members met while attending Tuskegee

2147:

80–59. The Golden Tigers fell to No. 1-ranked Metro State (

1433:

president), many other Washington family members and others.

1085: 1010:

established a training program at Tuskegee Institute, using

5610: 4313:"Tuskegee gifted $ 20M; largest donation in school history" 3740: 3177: 1790: 1775: 1076: 937:

After Washington's death, he was succeeded as principal by

4329:. National Trust for Historic Preservation. June 13, 2023. 4150:

Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

1770:

College of Veterinary Medicine – Fredrick D Patterson Hall

1261: 339: 5475:"Dr. William H. Townsend papers, 1962-2005, UALR.MS.0299" 3587: 3558:

lawyer, first African American to practice law in Oregon

2865: 2446: 2276:(1901), feuded with George Washington Carver at Tuskegee 1922:

National Center for Bioethics in Research and Health Care

8929: 8748:

Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources

6159: 2291:

Established the Institute's Tuskegee-Togo Cotton Scheme

1678: 1376:

statue of Booker T. Washington was designed by sculptor

738:. The following year, he bought the grounds of a former 564:

Original campus buildings on the Miller plantation, 1882

481:

The school was founded on July 4, 1881, as the Tuskegee

1829:

and is approved by the Alabama State Board of Nursing.

52:

Tuskegee Normal School for Colored Teachers (1881–1891)

27:

Historically black university in Tuskegee, Alabama, US

6106:

African American founding fathers of the United States

2172:

The Tuskegee women's team won the championship of the

5332:

The Forsaken: An American Tragedy in Stalin's Russia.

1815:

Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business

1029:

Numerous presidents have visited Tuskegee, including

736:

Butler Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church

4924:

Facts on File encyclopedia of Black women in America

788:, one of the university's most renowned professors. 599: 54:

Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (1891–1937)

7785:

History of the National Register of Historic Places

5596:

Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved

5589:

Journal of health care for the poor and underserved

3300:literary and jazz critic, novelist, and biographer 2850:lawyer and city official in New Haven, Connecticut 1856:Tuskegee University began offering certificates in 7495:Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science 7447: 5251: 5099:"Claude A. Barnett Collection of Visual Materials" 4978: 4700:"Center for Bioethics in Research and Health Care" 4023: 2190: 1827:National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission 1703:College of Business and Information Science & 1505:College of Veterinary Medicine Williams Bowie Hall 7816:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state 4445:. Guilford, Conn: Globe Pequot Press. p. 5. 4092: 3122:first black woman to serve as a deputy assistant 2917:Nutritional researcher and government consultant 1975:2014 NCAA Men's Division II basketball tournament 1022:in 1998. The U.S. Army, Air Force, and Navy have 10097: 5285:"Chuancey Eskridge, 70, close ally of Rev. King" 3959:"History and Mission | Tuskegee University" 1877:In 2019, Tuskegee signed a partnership with the 623: 596:; they continued to emphasize teacher training. 8208:National Register of Historic Places portal 7615:North Carolina Central University School of Law 7350:North Carolina Central University School of Law 6002:Booker T. Washington State Park (West Virginia) 5689:Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences 4443:Guide to the National Park Areas Eastern States 4098: 3107:Methodist minister and district superintendent 2583:by removing names that do not have independent 1935:'s apology to the nation, the survivors of the 1718:California State Polytechnic University, Pomona 1079:programs and a variety of campus improvements. 973:by which the effects of deliberately untreated 964: 856:Washington developed a major relationship with 8258: 7644:Southern University at Shreveport-Bossier City 5701:Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health 4980:"Dr. Andrew Torrence, 3rd TSU President, Dies" 4797:George Washington Carver: Scientist and Symbol 4624:"Historically Black Colleges and Universities" 3953: 3951: 3736:List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama 2310:alumni, first African-American to receive PhD 836:population of foreign students at the school. 10141:Universities and colleges established in 1881 9068: 8915: 8778: 8244: 7740: 7433: 6591: 6145: 6121: 5907:Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture 5843: 5798:Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture 5643: 5402:. Johnson Publishing Company. January 9, 1995 4831:(PhD). University of California, Los Angeles. 4761: 4497:"Lovette W. Harper Collection of African Art" 4434: 3028:political activist and Comintern functionary 1708:Centers in the United States are located at: 1649:Daniel "Chappie" James Center basketball game 882:Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture 468: 10156:Private universities and colleges in Alabama 8795:Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference 7402:Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference 7397:Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association 6607:Historically black colleges and universities 5736:Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference 5312:. pressofAtlanticCity.com. November 29, 2009 4987:. June 12, 1980. pp. 6, 18 – via 4952: 4914: 4261:"The Appalling Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment" 3074:First African-American physician in Arizona 2503:alumni, early writer on civil rights topics 2199: 1968:Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference 1795:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools 1068:In 2023, Tuskegee received funding from the 880:in New York on January 23, 1906, called the 505:, with many schools founded by the northern 444:Tuskegee's campus was designed by architect 185:263 full-time and 45 part-time (spring 2022) 8500:Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail 5997:Booker T. Washington State Park (Tennessee) 5530:Journal of the National Medical Association 5254:Black Women Scientists in the United States 4889: 4649:"Best Regional Universities South Rankings" 4287:"The Tuskegee Airmen and Eleanor Roosevelt" 3973:"History and Mission | Tuskegee University" 3948: 2789:Baptist minister and civil rights activist 1303:In 1965 Tuskegee University was declared a 1167: 1142: 9075: 9061: 8957:Historical Panorama of Alabama Agriculture 8922: 8908: 8845:Kentucky State Thorobreds and Thorobrettes 8825:Central State Marauders and Lady Marauders 8785: 8771: 8251: 8237: 7747: 7733: 7684:University of the District of Columbia Law 7440: 7426: 6598: 6584: 6152: 6138: 5850: 5836: 5650: 5636: 5420: 5225:"George W. Crawford Black Bar Association" 5030:. Willey & Company. pp. 393–396. 4828:The Tuskegee-Togo Cotton Scheme, 1900-1909 4400:National Historic Landmark summary listing 4200: 4021: 3245:former dean of the College of Medicine at 2387:Professor of English at Howard University 351: 38: 7756:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 7340:Florida A&M University College of Law 6020:Booker T. Washington Memorial half dollar 5623:Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site 5568:The Tuskegee Student Uprising: A History. 5203:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 97–100. 4824: 4390: 4388: 4159: 3840:"College Navigator - Tuskegee University" 3604:actor, comedian, and television producer 1851:American Occupational Therapy Association 1747:Tuskegee University is accredited by the 1352:is at Moton Field, in Tuskegee, Alabama. 1262:Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site 1109:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 1101:Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site 1086:Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site 5857: 5492: 5064: 4418: 4162:"Booker T. Washington's Death Revisited" 3853: 3851: 3849: 3249:and US Army Brigadier General (retired) 2072: 1960:National Collegiate Athletic Association 1867: 1863:National Architectural Accrediting Board 1831: 1799: 1765: 1727: 1682: 1070:National Trust for Historic Preservation 993: 928: 843: 611: 603: 559: 472: 7634:Southern University and A&M College 7606:North Carolina A&T State University 6251:Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine 5657: 5384:https://www.la-umc.org/obituary/1547371 5276: 5154:"Black Yanks Claim Game's Best Infield" 5061:. The Educational Forum, V.69. 264-275. 5027:The Afro-American Press and Its Editors 4793: 4738: 4402:. National Park Service. Archived from 4253: 3573:optometrist, Arkansas state legislator 2700:Negro League outfielder/second baseman 2149:Metropolitan State University of Denver 1761:American Veterinary Medical Association 1420:Male, Macon County, Alabama 1932-1972." 620:'s home on the Tuskegee campus, c. 1906 14: 10131:National Historic Landmarks in Alabama 10098: 9949:Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site 7679:University of the District of Columbia 6950:Interdenominational Theological Center 5992:Booker T. Washington National Monument 5472: 5334:New York: Penguin Press, 2008; pg. 98. 5249: 5196: 5169: 5070: 4868: 4841: 4835: 4524:"Honors Program – Tuskegee University" 4430:Accompanying 20 or so photos, undated. 4385: 4369:"National Register Information System" 4267:from the original on December 12, 2021 4263:. Today I Found Out. January 2, 2019. 4233:"Tuskegee and the Health of Black Men" 4054: 4003:. Boston: Brown and Company. p. 5 3996: 3718:educator and humanitarian, founder of 3658:Roosevelt Williams (gridiron football) 2975:Richard Stockton College of New Jersey 1785:to offer an accredited B.S. degree in 1407:of the Student Government Association. 1350:Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site 1016:Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site 824:. An early champion of the concept of 9056: 8903: 8870:Savannah State Tigers and Lady Tigers 8766: 8485:Little River Canyon National Preserve 8232: 7728: 7534:Florida A&M University Law School 7421: 6579: 6133: 6120: 5831: 5631: 5515:. p. 8. Retrieved July 14, 2021. 5282: 5258:. Indiana University Press. pp. 5152:News-Messenger staff (June 1, 1942). 4895: 4440: 4208:"TU Presidents | Tuskegee University" 3846: 3504:oil broker and civil rights advocate 2759:(now West Virginia State University) 1679:Kellogg Hotel & Conference Center 1002:In 1941, in an effort to train black 557:, an alumnus and teacher at Hampton. 454:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10146:Alabama Cooperative Extension System 10126:Land-grant universities and colleges 8931:Alabama Cooperative Extension System 7689:University of Maryland Eastern Shore 7674:University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 6161:Colleges and universities in Alabama 5757:Alabama Cooperative Extension System 5509:"Tuskegee Captain, Edward Woolridge" 5160:. p. 9. Retrieved May 14, 2021. 5023: 5017: 4374:National Register of Historic Places 4361: 4240:National Bureau of Economic Research 4123:"Industrial Education for the Negro" 3925: 3923: 3469:microbiologist and professor at the 2715:Architect, educator and director at 2555: 1983: 1939:, Tuskegee University, and Tuskegee/ 1553:Interior view of the Tuskegee Chapel 1020:National Register of Historic Places 9082: 7591:Mississippi Valley State University 5752:The George Washington Carver Museum 5051: 4674:"2020 Master's University Rankings" 4424:Horace J. Sheely, Jr. (1965-03-01) 3859:"Microsoft Word - Quick Facts 22FA" 3471:University of Alabama at Birmingham 2445:first African American graduate of 2274:University of Massachusetts Amherst 1343:The George Washington Carver Museum 800:who donated to the school, such as 24: 10136:National Historic Sites in Alabama 8171:National Historic Preservation Act 7639:Southern University at New Orleans 7500:Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 6519:Community College of the Air Force 5584:, pp. 53–58. Routledge, 2017. 5577:City University of New York, 2018. 5522: 5363: 5337: 3422:against Fascist Italy during WWII 3285:State's Attorney in Baltimore, MD 3059:Texas's 9th congressional district 2484:first principal of the university 2158: 1879:Ross University School of Medicine 274:Rural, 5,200 acres (2,100 ha) 25: 10177: 10026:African American military history 8495:Pinhoti National Recreation Trail 7611:North Carolina Central University 7581:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) 5602: 5507:Defender staff (April 21, 1928). 5283:Heise, Kenan (January 19, 1988). 4755:"Band | Tuskegee University" 4099:McGough, Kawana (July 26, 2021). 3920: 3418:early aviator and colonel in the 2551: 1740:Tuskegee houses an undergraduate 1673:I-85 exit for Tuskegee University 1018:at Moton Field was listed on the 998:Tuskegee University Chapel (1969) 626:Presidents of Tuskegee University 600:Booker T. Washington's leadership 553:general, recommended 25-year-old 18:Tuskegee Golden Tigers basketball 10077: 10064: 10063: 9131: 8888: 8213: 8212: 8201: 7694:University of the Virgin Islands 7392:Southwestern Athletic Conference 6362:Alabama Community College System 5924:The Future of the American Negro 5695:Business and Information Science 4197:(Baylor University Press, 2017). 3901:. August 1, 2012. Archived from 3761:"Tuskegee University is Founded" 3209:radio host whose daily program, 2560: 1839:John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital 1666: 1654: 1642: 1630: 1618: 1606: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1558: 1546: 1534: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1486: 1474: 1462: 1450: 1438: 1425: 1412: 1399: 1386: 1365: 1166: 1159: 1141: 1134: 905: 521:, an acknowledged leader of the 8727:Mobile-Tensaw Delta-W L Holland 8463:National Wild and Scenic Rivers 7664:Thurgood Marshall School of Law 7629:South Carolina State University 7619:Prairie View A&M University 7557:Howard University School of Law 7520:Elizabeth City State University 7387:Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference 7382:Florida's Black Junior Colleges 7360:Thurgood Marshall School of Law 7345:Howard University School of Law 5501: 5466: 5440: 5414: 5388: 5377: 5324: 5302: 5243: 5217: 5190: 5163: 5146: 5116: 5091: 5077:. Routledge. pp. 600–604. 4995: 4971: 4875:. Routledge. pp. 273–278. 4862: 4848:. Routledge. pp. 217–221. 4818: 4787: 4747: 4732: 4718: 4692: 4666: 4641: 4616: 4602: 4588: 4570: 4556: 4542: 4516: 4489: 4467: 4347: 4333: 4319: 4305: 4279: 4225: 4187: 4160:Dominguez, Alex (May 6, 2006). 4153: 4140: 4115: 4083: 4048: 4015: 3990: 3965: 2757:West Virginia Colored Institute 2191:The Marching Crimson Piper Band 2069:Tuskegee Golden Tigers football 1577:George Washington Carver Museum 1323:Booker T. Washington monument, 1118:U.S. National Historic Landmark 989: 580:Based on his experience at the 507:American Missionary Association 477:History class at Tuskegee, 1902 10161:1881 establishments in Alabama 9031:U.S. Department of Agriculture 8124:Federated States of Micronesia 7770:Architectural style categories 7709:Winston-Salem State University 7704:West Virginia State University 7649:Southern University Law Center 7449:Thurgood Marshall College Fund 7355:Southern University Law Center 7248:Mississippi Industrial College 5897:National Negro Business League 5885:1895 Atlanta Exposition Speech 5726:Abbott Memorial Alumni Stadium 5057:Van Hover, Stephanie. (2005). 4825:Radcliffe, Kandahl L. (1998). 4773:www.kinginstitute.stanford.edu 4057:History of Education Quarterly 3886: 3868: 3832: 3797: 3779: 3753: 3151:General Daniel "Chappie" James 2569:This article's list of alumni 2395:General Daniel "Chappie" James 1269: 804:(funding a library building), 730:Hired as principal of the new 421:Tuskegee University offers 43 76:Knowledge, Leadership, Service 56:Tuskegee Institute (1937–1985) 13: 1: 10151:Carnegie libraries in Alabama 7576:Lincoln University (Missouri) 7548:Harris–Stowe State University 7525:Fayetteville State University 7334:David A. Clarke School of Law 6025:Carver-Washington half dollar 5176:. Routledge. pp. 68–70. 5024:Penn, Irvine Garland (1891). 4739:Tricard, Louise Mead (1996). 3997:Thomas, Grace Powers (1898). 3746: 2138: 2034:Track and Field/Cross Country 2005:Track and Field/Cross Country 1783:Historically Black University 1757:Doctor of Veterinary Medicine 1625:Daniel "Chappie" James Center 1374:Lifting the Veil of Ignorance 1333:Grave of Booker T. Washington 1325:Lifting the Veil of Ignorance 1175:Show map of the United States 1061:In July 2020, philanthropist 884:, in which Mark Twain spoke. 781:" to lead African Americans. 439:Doctor of Veterinary Medicine 10051:United States Colored Troops 9795:North American B-25 Mitchell 7538:Fort Valley State University 7258:Mount Hermon Female Seminary 7000:Morehouse School of Medicine 6407:H. Council Trenholm State CC 6346:United States Sports Academy 5547:The Negro Educational Review 5124:"Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba" 4653:U.S. News & World Report 4628:U.S. News & World Report 4428:, National Park Service and 3420:Imperial Ethiopian Air Force 2883:retired Army major general, 2203: 1958:Tuskegee is a member of the 1947: 1906:U.S. News & World Report 1899:U.S. News & World Report 1723: 1320:The Oaks (Washington's Home) 1090:United States historic place 971:Tuskegee syphilis experiment 965:Tuskegee syphilis experiment 924: 839: 791: 653:Frederick Douglass Patterson 7: 9800:North American P-51 Mustang 7158:Central Mississippi College 6930:Florida Memorial University 4022:Washington, Booker (1995). 3767:. African American Registry 3729: 3403:The United States Air Force 3211:The Tom Joyner Morning Show 2571:may not follow Knowledge's 2492:Josephine Turpin Washington 2107: 2098:University of North Alabama 2062: 1891: 1565:Fall at Tuskegee University 1529:Main entrance to the campus 933:Tuskegee Institute, c. 1916 10: 10182: 9607:Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr. 9447:Daniel "Chappie" James Jr. 9296:Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr. 9008:Alabama A&M University 8840:Fort Valley State Wildcats 8448:Dugger Mountain Wilderness 8176:Historic Preservation Fund 8155:American Legation, Morocco 7654:Tennessee State University 7543:Grambling State University 7530:Florida A&M University 7480:Bluefield State University 7460:Alabama A&M University 6555:Southeastern Bible College 6093:Margaret Murray Washington 5618:Tuskegee Athletics website 5591:30, no. 4 Suppl (2019): 1. 5563:40, no. 3 (2018): 232–251. 5158:The Fremont News-Messenger 4794:McMurry, Linda O. (1981). 3665:former NFL player for the 2887:recipient in Korea – 1950 2844:George Williamson Crawford 2755:Architect and educator at 2520:New Jersey City University 2465:Tennessee State University 2299:Nathaniel Oglesby Calloway 2162: 2102:University of West Georgia 2066: 1951: 1305:National Historic Landmark 1041: 1026:programs on campus today. 980:U.S. Public Health Service 866:Sears, Roebuck and Company 822:Elizabeth Milbank Anderson 717:2021 (effective August 1) 469:Planning and establishment 463: 65:Scientia Principatus Opera 10059: 10018: 9957: 9926: 9889: 9855: 9820: 9813: 9805:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 9777: 9765: 9667:Charles "Chuck" Stone Jr. 9181: 9140: 9129: 9090: 9021: 8998: 8970: 8937: 8886: 8802: 8744: 8709:Wildlife Management Areas 8707: 8664: 8576:Confederate Memorial Park 8526: 8517: 8475: 8461: 8433: 8372:National Wildlife Refuges 8370: 8337: 8309: 8279: 8270: 8196: 8163: 8142: 8117:Lists by associated state 8116: 8075: 7808: 7762: 7699:Virginia State University 7659:Texas Southern University 7624:Savannah State University 7566:Kentucky State University 7515:Delaware State University 7455: 7377:Atlanta University Center 7369: 7326: 7133: 6865: 6618: 6527: 6506: 6490: 6437:Marion Military Institute 6355:Community/junior colleges 6354: 6243: 6167: 6127: 6122:Links to related articles 6073: 6038: 5982: 5964:Tuskegee & Its People 5915: 5865: 5811: 5770: 5744: 5708: 5682: 5667: 4127:Teaching American History 3166:Lonnie Johnson (inventor) 3057:U.S. Representative from 2782:Charles William Carpenter 2263:George Ruffin Bridgeforth 2215: 2209: 2206: 2200:Notable faculty and staff 1710:Michigan State University 1355: 1293: 1285: 1280: 1268:NRHP reference 1267: 1257: 1253:Greek Revival, Queen Anne 1249: 1239: 1231: 1194: 1184: 1128: 1124: 1115: 1106: 1099: 1095: 850:Frances Benjamin Johnston 350: 334: 318: 306: 288: 278: 270: 255:32.4302111°N 85.7077250°W 217: 207: 197: 189: 179: 169: 159: 126: 114: 96: 80: 70: 60: 46: 37: 10046:U.S. Army Black Panthers 9934:Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk 9246:Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler 8810:Albany State Golden Rams 8098:Northern Mariana Islands 7601:Norfolk State University 7561:Jackson State University 7505:Chicago State University 7490:Central State University 7465:Alabama State University 7407:HBCU Athletic Conference 6763:Mississippi Valley State 6291:Huntsville Bible College 6261:Birmingham School of Law 5878:George Washington Carver 5783:George Washington Carver 5570:Vol. 2. NYU Press, 2022. 5554:Higher Education Studies 5421:Lacher-Feldman, Jackie. 4896:Alexander, Adele Logan. 3348:Prime Minister of Guyana 2318:George Washington Carver 2086:Alabama State University 1966:and competes within the 1886:Cumberland School of Law 1809:The Tuskegee University 1541:A scenic campus corridor 1338:George Washington Carver 1250:Architectural style 786:George Washington Carver 437:programs, including the 408:George Washington Carver 372:; formerly known as the 10041:366th Infantry Regiment 10010:Thomas Franklin Vaughns 9173:Tuskegee Army Air Field 8947:Smith–Lever Act of 1914 8865:Morehouse Maroon Tigers 8319:Birmingham Civil Rights 7596:Morgan State University 7510:Coppin State University 7475:Alcorn State University 7470:Albany State University 6758:Maryland, Eastern Shore 6498:Athens State University 6467:Southern Union State CC 6387:Chattahoochee Valley CC 6081:Fannie Smith Washington 5902:1901 White House dinner 5803:Tuskegee Syphilis Study 5598:23, no. 4 0 (2012): 15. 5556:4, no. 3 (2014): 48–57. 5427:Encyclopedia of Alabama 4967:Encyclopedia of Alabama 4802:Oxford University Press 4502:Encyclopedia of Alabama 3712:Elizabeth Evelyn Wright 3704:Negro League infielder 3649:Morgan State University 3453:Birmingham City Council 3412:John Robinson (aviator) 3115:Charlotte Moton Hubbard 2726:Amelia Boynton Robinson 2212: 1817:(AACSB-International). 1693:W.K. Kellogg Foundation 941:for the next 20 years. 864:who rose to the top of 814:Henry Huttleston Rogers 260:32.4302111; -85.7077250 102:; 143 years ago 9864:Flight of the Red Tail 9737:Oscar Lawton Wilkerson 9732:Malvin "Mal" Whitfield 9113:302nd Fighter Squadron 9108:301st Fighter Squadron 9103:100th Fighter Squadron 8880:Tuskegee Golden Tigers 8855:LeMoyne–Owen Magicians 8830:Clark Atlanta Panthers 8093:Minor Outlying Islands 8076:Lists by insular areas 7790:Keeper of the Register 7485:Bowie State University 7263:New Orleans University 7243:Miner Teachers College 7228:Lincoln Junior College 7060:Southwestern Christian 6783:North Carolina Central 6778:North Carolina A&T 5972:The Negro in the South 5956:Working with the Hands 5716:Tuskegee Golden Tigers 5549:50, no. 3 (1999): 123. 5532:97, no. 7 (2005): 951. 4963:Robert Robinson Taylor 4769:"Barbour, Joseph Pius" 3317:New Orleans, Louisiana 2953:Martin Luther King Jr. 2683:1970s writer known as 2650:Associated Negro Press 2522:alumni, 1938 and 1945 2438:Robert Robinson Taylor 2366:William Augustus Hazel 2233:Martin Luther King Jr. 2174:Amateur Athletic Union 2145:Delta State University 2078: 2023:Women's athletic teams 1954:Tuskegee Golden Tigers 1874: 1842: 1806: 1771: 1733: 1697:Hospitality Management 1688: 1517:Tuskegee football game 1310:National Historic Site 1244:Robert Robinson Taylor 999: 945:losses because of the 934: 853: 621: 609: 565: 478: 456:, in conjunction with 446:Robert Robinson Taylor 9442:Mitchell Higginbotham 9377:James Clayton Flowers 9321:Benjamin O. Davis Jr. 9163:Oscoda Army Air Field 9098:99th Fighter Squadron 8477:Other protected areas 7795:National Park Service 7775:Contributing property 7055:Simmons College (Ky.) 6753:Lincoln, Pennsylvania 6432:Lurleen B. Wallace CC 6417:J. F. Ingram State TC 6412:J. F. Drake State CTC 5473:Besett, Cody (2002). 5351:on September 25, 2017 5250:Warren, Wini (1999). 5003:"Tuskegee University" 4898:"Roberts, Ruth Logan" 4564:"Tuskegee University" 4477:. Tuskegee University 4441:Scott, David (2004). 4379:National Park Service 4103:. Tuskegee University 3091:Major League Baseball 3036:Manet Harrison Fowler 2914:B.A. 1946, M.A. 1947 2910:Cecile Hoover Edwards 2708:Charles Sumner Bowman 2641:Claude Albert Barnett 2308:Iowa State University 2284:James Nathan Calloway 2076: 1941:Macon County, Alabama 1871: 1835: 1803: 1787:Aerospace Engineering 1769: 1731: 1686: 1216:32.43028°N 85.70778°W 1038:support to programs. 1031:Franklin D. Roosevelt 997: 932: 916:Tuskegee campus, 1916 847: 615: 607: 563: 527:Macon County, Alabama 519:Prince Hall Freemason 513:, harness-maker, and 476: 452:to graduate from the 400:National Park Service 385:land-grant university 320:Sporting affiliations 128:Academic affiliations 91:land-grant university 72:Motto in English 10116:Booker T. Washington 9906:Henry Browne, Farmer 9790:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk 9771:Freeman Field mutiny 9637:Graham Smith (pilot) 9582:Louis R. Purnell Sr. 9572:James O. Plinton Jr. 9206:William N. Alsbrooka 9196:Rutherford H. Adkins 9158:Moton Army Air Field 8835:Edward Waters Tigers 8815:Allen Yellow Jackets 8150:District of Columbia 7586:Medgar Evers College 7233:Louisville Municipal 7148:Booker T. Washington 6813:Southern–New Orleans 6803:South Carolina State 6788:Prairie View A&M 6693:Elizabeth City State 6560:Southern Benedictine 6507:Federal institutions 6491:Upper level colleges 6442:Northeast Alabama CC 6244:Private institutions 6014:Booker T. Washington 5859:Booker T. Washington 5778:Booker T. Washington 5582:A Century of Service 5561:The Public Historian 5513:The Chicago Defender 5452:The Birmingham Times 5103:www.lib.uchicago.edu 4706:on February 12, 2009 4406:on February 18, 2008 4396:"Tuskegee Institute" 4275:– via YouTube. 4168:. Associated Press. 3793:on November 9, 2015. 3787:"NAICU - Membership" 3612:Alfreda Johnson Webb 3462:Jessica A. Scoffield 3101:William Talbot Handy 3022:Lovett Fort-Whiteman 2992:educator, taught at 2812:Alice Marie Coachman 2668:Jackson, Mississippi 2659:Chokwe Antar Lumumba 2581:improve this article 2475:Booker T. Washington 1989:Men's athletic teams 1847:Occupational Therapy 1714:Gallaudet University 1046:The noted architect 806:Collis P. Huntington 663:Luther H. Foster Jr. 633:Booker T. Washington 618:Booker T. Washington 608:Booker T. Washington 555:Booker T. Washington 391:. It was founded on 294:Crimson and old gold 283:The TU Campus Digest 165:$ 157 million (2021) 10111:Tuskegee University 10084:aviation portal 9944:Tuskegee University 9829:The Tuskegee Airmen 9785:Bell P-39 Airacobra 9697:Robert B. Tresville 9632:Wilmeth Sidat-Singh 9592:Lawrence E. Roberts 9492:James Johnson Kelly 9482:William H. Holloman 9457:Alexander Jefferson 9452:Clarence C. Jamison 9432:Raymond V. Haysbert 9286:William A. Campbell 9168:Selfridge Air Field 9000:Parent universities 8952:Tuskegee University 8875:Spring Hill Badgers 8651:Tannehill Ironworks 8490:Natchez Trace Trail 8362:William B. Bankhead 7669:Tuskegee University 7571:Langston University 7105:Virginia University 6857:Winston-Salem State 6852:West Virginia State 6818:Southern–Shreveport 6648:Arkansas–Pine Bluff 6535:Birmingham–Southern 6447:Northwest Shoals CC 6397:Enterprise State CC 6168:Public institutions 5660:Tuskegee University 5345:"Arizona Informant" 5231:on December 4, 2010 5134:on October 23, 2017 5013:on August 20, 2009. 4916:Hine, Darlene Clark 4804:. pp. 59–161. 4728:. December 3, 2019. 4381:. January 23, 2007. 3598:Keenen Ivory Wayans 3391:Lawrence E. Roberts 3340:Dr. Ptolemy A. Reid 3180:aerospace engineer 3014:NFL defensive back 2931:scholar, author of 2767:William A. Campbell 2524:Columbia University 2479:Appointed President 2413:Physical education 2332:Louis Edwin Fry Sr. 2153:Evansville, Indiana 1720:(Cal Poly Pomona). 1294:Designated NHL 1221:32.43028; -85.70778 1212: / 1150:Show map of Alabama 1008:U.S. Army Air Corps 955:Birmingham, Alabama 898:high blood pressure 810:John D. Rockefeller 713:Charlotte P. Morris 628: 568:As the newly hired 543:Samuel C. Armstrong 362:Tuskegee University 251: / 34: 33:Tuskegee University 9965:Leslie Edwards Jr. 9880:Wings for This Man 9662:Harry Stewart, Jr. 9612:John W. Rogers Sr. 9602:Curtis C. Robinson 9557:Walter L. McCreary 9547:Armour G. McDaniel 9522:Wilmore B. Leonard 9517:Clarence D. Lester 9362:John Ellis Edwards 9357:Wilson V. Eagleson 9261:Granville C. Coggs 9123:477th Bomber Group 9118:332d Fighter Group 8860:Miles Golden Bears 8311:National Monuments 8301:Tuskegee Institute 8283:and Historic Sites 7303:Terrell Law School 7125:Xavier (Louisiana) 6698:Fayetteville State 6422:Jefferson State CC 6392:Coastal Alabama CC 6382:Central Alabama CC 6281:Heritage Christian 6200:Jacksonville State 6087:Olivia A. Davidson 6063:Theodore Roosevelt 5940:Character Building 5890:Atlanta Compromise 5873:Tuskegee Institute 5731:James Center Arena 5371:"Color Blind Care" 4920:Thompson, Kathleen 4678:Washington Monthly 4193:Andrew E. Barnes, 4069:10.1017/heq.2023.3 3880:tucampusdigest.com 3690:former NFL player 3541:What's Happening!! 3519:columnist for the 3269:Harlem Renaissance 3194:former NFL player 3142:Dillard University 3124:secretary of state 3068:Winston C. Hackett 3051:Alexander N. Green 2994:Hampton University 2821:Olympic gold medal 2749:Albert Grant Brown 2717:Western University 2457:Andrew P. Torrence 2442:Trades Department 2409:Ruth Logan Roberts 2094:Turkey Day Classic 2079: 1914:Washington Monthly 1875: 1843: 1807: 1772: 1734: 1689: 1000: 939:Robert Russa Moton 935: 854: 779:the Talented Tenth 767:Atlanta Compromise 755:racial segregation 673:Benjamin F. Payton 643:Robert Russa Moton 624: 622: 610: 586:Olivia A. Davidson 566: 503:American Civil War 499:Confederate states 479: 382:historically black 374:Tuskegee Institute 88:historically black 32: 10166:Rosenwald schools 10093: 10092: 9980:Buford A. Johnson 9975:Maycie Herrington 9939:Red Tail Squadron 9922: 9921: 9747:Romeo M. Williams 9692:Edward L. Toppins 9597:George S. Roberts 9577:Wendell O. Pruitt 9502:George L. Knox II 9497:James B. Knighten 9422:Vernon V. Haywood 9372:Raymond Cassagnol 9352:Charles W. Dryden 9251:George R. Bolling 9231:Charles P. Bailey 9211:William Armstrong 9201:Halbert Alexander 9050: 9049: 9044: 9043: 9013:Auburn University 8972:Notable directors 8897: 8896: 8760: 8759: 8740: 8739: 8606:Lake Guntersville 8551:Cathedral Caverns 8513: 8512: 8505:Weeks Bay Reserve 8453:Sipsey Wilderness 8443:Cheaha Wilderness 8420:Watercress Darter 8410:Mountain Longleaf 8226: 8225: 7780:Historic district 7722: 7721: 7553:Howard University 7415: 7414: 7208:Immanuel Lutheran 7168:Concordia Alabama 6748:Lincoln, Missouri 6708:Fort Valley State 6573: 6572: 6266:Columbia Southern 6195:Auburn Montgomery 6114: 6113: 6066:(2022 miniseries) 5948:The Negro Problem 5825: 5824: 5692:Arts and Sciences 5675:Tuskegee, Alabama 5210:978-0-203-49312-0 5183:978-1-135-95629-5 5084:978-1-135-95629-5 4882:978-1-135-95629-5 4855:978-1-135-95629-5 4811:978-0-19-503205-5 4680:. August 28, 2020 4530:on April 16, 2016 4030:. Dover. p. 3935:Cornell Chronicle 3820:Missing or empty 3727: 3726: 3633:abstract painter 3451:president of the 3401:and a colonel in 3326:Dimitri Patterson 3267:writer and poet, 3247:Howard University 2944:Chauncey Eskridge 2877:Oliver W. Dillard 2741:on March 7, 1965 2606: 2605: 2549: 2548: 2501:Howard University 2059: 2058: 1811:Andrew F. Brimmer 1701:Andrew F. Brimmer 1301: 1300: 1281:Significant dates 1189:Tuskegee, Alabama 1035:Eleanor Roosevelt 870:Chicago, Illinois 757:and a variety of 721: 720: 683:Gilbert L. Rochon 582:Hampton Institute 535:Hampton Institute 423:bachelor's degree 389:Tuskegee, Alabama 359: 358: 203:2,100 (fall 2022) 193:2,570 (fall 2022) 100:July 4, 1881 16:(Redirected from 10173: 10082: 10081: 10080: 10067: 10066: 9990:Theodore Johnson 9818: 9817: 9722:Sherman W. White 9717:Luke J. Weathers 9702:Andrew D. Turner 9512:Walter I. Lawson 9507:Herman A. Lawson 9472:William Lee Hill 9392:Willie H. Fuller 9347:Elwood T. Driver 9342:Lawrence Dickson 9316:Alfonza W. Davis 9306:Lemuel R. Custis 9266:Woodrow Crockett 9256:Herbert V. Clark 9135: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9054: 9053: 8924: 8917: 8910: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8796: 8787: 8780: 8773: 8764: 8763: 8641:Rickwood Caverns 8524: 8523: 8435:Wilderness areas 8339:National Forests 8277: 8276: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8216: 8215: 8206: 8205: 8204: 8129:Marshall Islands 7749: 7742: 7735: 7726: 7725: 7442: 7435: 7428: 7419: 7418: 7362:(Texas Southern) 7203:Haygood Seminary 6960:Johnson C. Smith 6955:Jarvis Christian 6945:Huston–Tillotson 6880:Arkansas Baptist 6798:Shelton State CC 6713:Gadsden State CC 6600: 6593: 6586: 6577: 6576: 6565:Virginia College 6528:Defunct colleges 6457:Shelton State CC 6402:Gadsden State CC 6154: 6147: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6118: 6117: 6047:A Guest of Honor 5852: 5845: 5838: 5829: 5828: 5676: 5661: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5629: 5628: 5614: 5613: 5611:Official website 5573:Jones, Brian P. 5516: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5392: 5386: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5347:. Archived from 5341: 5335: 5330:Tim Tzouliadis, 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5257: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5227:. Archived from 5221: 5215: 5214: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5167: 5161: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5130:. Archived from 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5068: 5062: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5009:. Archived from 4999: 4993: 4992: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4926:. New York, NY: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4775:. April 25, 2017 4765: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4702:. Archived from 4696: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4582:www.tuskegee.edu 4574: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4526:. Archived from 4520: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4438: 4432: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4315:. July 28, 2020. 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4293:on June 25, 2008 4289:. Archived from 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4237: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4212:www.tuskegee.edu 4204: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4157: 4151: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4096: 4090: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4029: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3977:www.tuskegee.edu 3969: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3908:on April 5, 2015 3907: 3900: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3855: 3844: 3843: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3823: 3818: 3816: 3808: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3789:. Archived from 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3757: 3720:Voorhees College 3698:Edward Woolridge 3671:Cleveland Browns 3641:Dr. David Wilson 3566:William Townsend 3532:Danielle Spencer 3497:Jake Simmons Jr. 3397:a member of the 3379:R&B singer, 3315:former mayor of 3221:John A. Lankford 3172:inventor of the 3134:Marvalene Hughes 3007:Drayton Florence 2966:Vera King Farris 2797:Carl Henry Clerk 2694:Bradford Bennett 2608: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2585:reliable sources 2564: 2563: 2556: 2381:G. David Houston 2204: 1984: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1562: 1550: 1538: 1526: 1514: 1502: 1490: 1478: 1466: 1454: 1442: 1429: 1416: 1403: 1390: 1369: 1289:October 15, 1966 1271: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1176: 1170: 1169: 1163: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1138: 1093: 1092: 984:Hippocratic Oath 909: 892:into the 1930s. 858:Julius Rosenwald 725:Wayland Seminary 693:Brian L. Johnson 629: 523:African-American 450:African-American 433:programs, and 5 404:African American 355: 346: 343: 341: 325:NCAA Division II 302: 298: 266: 265: 263: 262: 261: 256: 252: 249: 248: 247: 244: 110: 108: 103: 42: 35: 31: 21: 10181: 10180: 10176: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10171: 10170: 10096: 10095: 10094: 10089: 10078: 10076: 10055: 10036:Golden Thirteen 10031:Buffalo Soldier 10014: 10000:Wallace P. Reed 9995:Noel F. Parrish 9953: 9918: 9885: 9872:Red Tail Reborn 9851: 9821:Fictional films 9809: 9773: 9761: 9742:Yancey Williams 9707:James A. Walker 9647:Calvin J. Spann 9467:James H. Harvey 9462:Carl C. Johnson 9417:Charles B. Hall 9397:Edward C. Gleed 9367:Joseph Elsberry 9337:Gene Derricotte 9301:Milton Crenchaw 9276:George L. Brown 9236:William Bartley 9183: 9177: 9136: 9127: 9086: 9084:Tuskegee Airmen 9081: 9051: 9046: 9045: 9040: 9017: 8994: 8966: 8933: 8928: 8898: 8893: 8884: 8820:Benedict Tigers 8798: 8794: 8791: 8761: 8756: 8736: 8732:Gaillard Island 8703: 8660: 8509: 8471: 8457: 8429: 8366: 8333: 8305: 8296:Tuskegee Airmen 8282: 8266: 8260:Protected areas 8257: 8227: 8222: 8202: 8200: 8192: 8159: 8138: 8112: 8071: 7804: 7758: 7753: 7723: 7718: 7451: 7446: 7416: 7411: 7365: 7322: 7283:SCSU Law School 7183:Georgia Baptist 7163:Collier-Blocker 7135: 7129: 7075:St. Augustine's 7035:Philander Smith 6900:Bethune–Cookman 6867: 6861: 6823:Tennessee State 6718:Grambling State 6703:Florida A&M 6658:Bluefield State 6653:Bishop State CC 6628:Alabama A&M 6620: 6614: 6604: 6574: 6569: 6523: 6502: 6486: 6427:Lawson State CC 6372:Bishop State CC 6367:Bevill State CC 6350: 6239: 6180:Alabama A&M 6163: 6158: 6123: 6115: 6110: 6100:Giles v. Harris 6069: 6034: 6007:Booker Mountain 5978: 5932:Up from Slavery 5911: 5861: 5856: 5826: 5821: 5807: 5793:Tuskegee Airmen 5766: 5740: 5704: 5678: 5674: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5525: 5523:Further reading 5520: 5519: 5506: 5502: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5454:. June 27, 2019 5446: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5423:"Lionel Richie" 5419: 5415: 5405: 5403: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5382: 5378: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5329: 5325: 5315: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5289:Chicago Tribune 5281: 5277: 5270: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5184: 5168: 5164: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5022: 5018: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4957: 4953: 4938: 4922:, eds. (1997). 4906: 4904: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4840: 4836: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4792: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4737: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4632: 4630: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4453: 4439: 4435: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4394: 4393: 4386: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4216: 4214: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4166:Washington Post 4158: 4154: 4146:Guridy, Frank. 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4026:Up From Slavery 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3847: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3821: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3732: 3590:defensive back 3551:McCants Stewart 3522:Chicago Tribune 3430:George C. Royal 3399:Tuskegee Airmen 2998:Fisk University 2977:from 1983–2003 2895:Milton C. Davis 2648:Founder of the 2626:Chalmers Archer 2602: 2596: 2593: 2578: 2565: 2561: 2554: 2539: 2534:Donald F. White 2480: 2354: 2337: 2268: 2247: 2227: 2222:J. Pius Barbour 2202: 2193: 2167: 2161: 2159:Track and field 2141: 2133:Roy Lee Jackson 2110: 2071: 2065: 2060: 1956: 1950: 1924: 1894: 1778:accreditation. 1726: 1681: 1674: 1671: 1662: 1659: 1650: 1647: 1638: 1635: 1626: 1623: 1614: 1611: 1602: 1599: 1590: 1587: 1578: 1575: 1566: 1563: 1554: 1551: 1542: 1539: 1530: 1527: 1518: 1515: 1506: 1503: 1494: 1491: 1482: 1479: 1470: 1467: 1458: 1455: 1446: 1443: 1434: 1430: 1421: 1417: 1408: 1404: 1395: 1391: 1382: 1370: 1358: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1198: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1120: 1111: 1102: 1091: 1088: 1063:MacKenzie Scott 1044: 992: 967: 951:Great Migration 927: 919: 918: 917: 915: 910: 842: 802:Andrew Carnegie 798:philanthropists 794: 602: 471: 466: 458:David Williston 435:doctoral degree 431:master's degree 416:Tuskegee Airmen 338: 321: 300: 296: 295: 259: 257: 253: 250: 245: 242: 240: 238: 237: 236: 235: 231: 225: 213:215 (fall 2022) 182: 155: 129: 106: 104: 101: 73: 55: 53: 49: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10179: 10169: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10073: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9970:Wilfred DeFour 9967: 9961: 9959: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9930: 9928: 9924: 9923: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9909: 9902: 9893: 9891: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9883: 9876: 9868: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9841: 9833: 9824: 9822: 9815: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9781: 9779: 9775: 9774: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9752:Henry Wise Jr. 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9727:James T. Wiley 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9657:Lowell Steward 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9567:Fitzroy Newsum 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9537:Walter Manning 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9487:George J. Iles 9484: 9479: 9477:Lincoln Hudson 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9412:Oliver Goodall 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9382:Julius Freeman 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9332:Robert W. Deiz 9329: 9324: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9291:Herbert Carter 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9187: 9185: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9094: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9080: 9079: 9072: 9065: 9057: 9048: 9047: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9027: 9025: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9015: 9010: 9004: 9002: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8976: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8943: 8941: 8935: 8934: 8927: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8904: 8895: 8894: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8806: 8804: 8800: 8799: 8790: 8789: 8782: 8775: 8767: 8758: 8757: 8745: 8742: 8741: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8713: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8670: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8536:Bladon Springs 8532: 8530: 8521: 8515: 8514: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8481: 8479: 8473: 8472: 8467: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8439: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8376: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8343: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8331: 8326: 8324:Freedom Riders 8321: 8315: 8313: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8291:Horseshoe Bend 8287: 8285: 8281:National Parks 8274: 8268: 8267: 8256: 8255: 8248: 8241: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8210: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8179: 8178: 8167: 8165: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8152: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8110: 8108:Virgin Islands 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8083:American Samoa 8079: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8017:South Carolina 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7982:North Carolina 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7812: 7810: 7809:Lists by state 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7800:Property types 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7752: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7729: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7445: 7444: 7437: 7430: 7422: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7313:Volusia County 7310: 7305: 7300: 7298:Suwannee River 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7139: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7100:Virginia Union 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6871: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6847:Virginia State 6844: 6839: 6830: 6828:Texas Southern 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6793:Savannah State 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6738:Kentucky State 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6688:Delaware State 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 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5960: 5952: 5951:(editor, 1903) 5944: 5936: 5928: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5855: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5832: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5754: 5748: 5746: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5655: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5604: 5603:External links 5601: 5600: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5566:Jones, Brian. 5564: 5557: 5550: 5543: 5533: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5500: 5491: 5465: 5439: 5413: 5387: 5376: 5362: 5336: 5323: 5301: 5275: 5268: 5242: 5216: 5209: 5189: 5182: 5162: 5145: 5115: 5090: 5083: 5063: 5050: 5036: 5016: 4994: 4989:Newspapers.com 4985:The Tennessean 4970: 4951: 4936: 4888: 4881: 4861: 4854: 4834: 4817: 4810: 4786: 4760: 4746: 4731: 4717: 4691: 4665: 4640: 4615: 4601: 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2817: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2753: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2739:Selma, Alabama 2731: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2666:53rd mayor of 2664: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2604: 2603: 2568: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2552:Notable alumni 2550: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2443: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2270: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2249: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2229: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2181:Alice Coachman 2160: 2157: 2140: 2137: 2109: 2106: 2067:Main article: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1982: 1952:Main article: 1949: 1946: 1944:in bioethics. 1937:Syphilis Study 1923: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1909: 1903: 1893: 1890: 1822:John A. Andrew 1742:honors program 1725: 1722: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1605: 1603: 1601:Campus banners 1600: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1385: 1383: 1371: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1321: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1140: 1139: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1043: 1040: 991: 988: 966: 963: 926: 923: 912: 911: 904: 903: 902: 841: 838: 826:matching funds 818:George Eastman 793: 790: 771:W.E.B. Du Bois 763:disfranchising 719: 718: 715: 709: 708: 705: 699: 698: 695: 689: 688: 685: 679: 678: 675: 669: 668: 665: 659: 658: 655: 649: 648: 645: 639: 638: 635: 601: 598: 545:, the Hampton 501:following the 497:in the former 470: 467: 465: 462: 357: 356: 348: 347: 336: 332: 331: 322: 319: 316: 315: 310: 304: 303: 292: 286: 285: 280: 276: 275: 272: 268: 267: 233: 227: 221: 219: 215: 214: 211: 205: 204: 201: 199:Undergraduates 195: 194: 191: 187: 186: 183: 181:Academic staff 180: 177: 176: 173: 167: 166: 163: 157: 156: 154: 153: 148: 143: 138: 132: 130: 127: 124: 123: 118: 112: 111: 98: 94: 93: 82: 78: 77: 74: 71: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 50: 47: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10178: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10103: 10101: 10086: 10085: 10074: 10072: 10071: 10062: 10061: 10058: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10017: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10005:Willie Rogers 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9956: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9925: 9914: 9910: 9908: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9877: 9874: 9873: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9856:Documentaries 9854: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9834: 9831: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9819: 9816: 9812: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9758: 9757:Coleman Young 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9627:David Showell 9625: 9623: 9622:Robert Searcy 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9587:Price D. Rice 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552:Charles McGee 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9542:Robert Martin 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9407:Alfred Gorham 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9387:Robert Friend 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9327:Charles DeBow 9325: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9311:Clarence Dart 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9226:Willie Ashley 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9180: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9148:Chanute Field 9146: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9134: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9078: 9073: 9071: 9066: 9064: 9059: 9058: 9055: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9024: 9020: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8997: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8980:Luther Duncan 8978: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8969: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8925: 8920: 8918: 8913: 8911: 8906: 8905: 8902: 8891: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8788: 8783: 8781: 8776: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8765: 8755: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8666:State Forests 8663: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8646:Roland Cooper 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8636:Paul M. Grist 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8591:Frank Jackson 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8556:Chattahoochee 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8546:Buck's Pocket 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8464: 8460: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8254: 8249: 8247: 8242: 8240: 8235: 8234: 8231: 8219: 8211: 8209: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8172: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8162: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8141: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8057:West Virginia 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7962:New Hampshire 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7922:Massachusetts 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7738: 7736: 7731: 7730: 7727: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7443: 7438: 7436: 7431: 7429: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7368: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7178:Frelinghuysen 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7085:Texas College 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7030:Pensole Lewis 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6920:Edward Waters 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6910:Clark Atlanta 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6885:Barber–Scotia 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6773:Norfolk State 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6733:Jackson State 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6668:Central State 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6633:Alabama State 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6617: 6612: 6608: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6589: 6587: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6483: 6482:Wallace Selma 6480: 6478: 6477:Wallace State 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6452:Reid State TC 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6215:South Alabama 6213: 6211: 6210:North Alabama 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6185:Alabama State 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6150: 6148: 6143: 6141: 6136: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6119: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6089:(second wife) 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5848: 5846: 5841: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5743: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5671: 5666: 5662: 5653: 5648: 5646: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5606: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5558: 5555: 5551: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5495: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5380: 5372: 5366: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5327: 5311: 5305: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5271: 5265: 5261: 5256: 5255: 5246: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5212: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5166: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5138:September 10, 5133: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5067: 5060: 5054: 5043:September 10, 5039: 5037:9780598582683 5033: 5029: 5028: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4937:9780816034246 4933: 4929: 4928:Facts on File 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913:Sourced from 4903: 4899: 4892: 4884: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4838: 4830: 4829: 4821: 4813: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4790: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4756: 4750: 4742: 4735: 4727: 4721: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4658:September 26, 4654: 4650: 4644: 4633:September 26, 4629: 4625: 4619: 4611: 4605: 4597: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4565: 4559: 4551: 4545: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4476: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4452:0-7627-2988-0 4448: 4444: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4389: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4356: 4350: 4342: 4336: 4328: 4322: 4314: 4308: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4241: 4234: 4228: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4190: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4143: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4102: 4095: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4043: 4041:9780486287386 4037: 4033: 4028: 4027: 4018: 4002: 4001: 3993: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3960: 3954: 3952: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3924: 3904: 3897: 3896: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3841: 3835: 3827: 3814: 3806: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3675:New York Jets 3672: 3668: 3667:Chicago Bears 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647:president of 3646: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3480:Betty Shabazz 3478: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3372:Lionel Richie 3370: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3293:Albert Murray 3291: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3278:Marilyn Mosby 3276: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227:20th century 3226: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140:president of 3139: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973:President of 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2935: 2934:Invisible Man 2930: 2928: 2926: 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