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114:'s army during the battle made clear the fallacy of this viewpoint. Many Northerners were shocked and realized that the war was going to be much lengthier and bloodier than they had anticipated. It steeled their determination. If Confederates had hoped before this that they could sap Northern willpower and quietly slip away from the Union with a minor military investment, their victory at Bull Run, ironically, destroyed those hopes. Lincoln immediately signed legislation that increased the
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366:. Before the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Johnston had advocated improving the forts' structures as well as deploying additional troops and arms to more adequately defend them. The Confederate government failed to meet these recommendations. Ulysses S. Grant captured the forts in February 1862 and launched a full-scale invasion of Tennessee. The fall of these forts was inaccurately blamed on Johnston, but he continued to serve.
122:, which declared that if a slave holder used his slaves to support the Confederacy he would forfeit his right to them. While the status of the slaves was unclear at the time (they were held as war contraband until the Emancipation Proclamation), this was the first legislative step toward defining the war as a matter of ending
286:, requested assistance from the federal government. Kentucky was never again a safe area of operation for Confederate forces. Polk's actions were not directed by the Confederate government. Almost by accident, the Confederacy was placed at an enormous strategic disadvantage. The early Union successes in the
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platform that favored a negotiated settlement with the
Confederacy. Although McClellan disavowed this platform, the South would have likely seen his election as a strategic victory. Thus, Lincoln's success may have further emboldened belief, on both sides, in the notion that the war would eventually
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was the turning point, since the heavily fortified city was the most critical remaining stronghold in the South. The capture of
Atlanta, following a tedious and frustrating campaign, lifted the spirits of Unionists and came just in time to build the popular support necessary to re-elect Lincoln, in
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dropped precipitously. "… European investors gave the
Confederacy approximately a 42 percent chance of victory prior to the battle of Gettysburg/Vicksburg. News of the severity of the two rebel defeats led to a sell-off in Confederate bonds. By the end of 1863, the probability of a Southern victory
723:
While
Gettysburg was seen by military and civilian observers at the time as a great battle, those in the North had little idea that two more bloody years would be required to finish the war. Lincoln was distraught at Meade's failure to intercept Lee's retreat, believing that to have done so would
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was detested by the city's antebellum elites, he was astute enough to build a base of political support among the poorer classes and create an extensive intelligence and counterespionage capability, nullifying the threat of insurrection. The
Confederacy's loss of its greatest port had significant
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from recognizing the
Confederacy as a legitimate government. The British public had strong anti-slavery beliefs and would not have tolerated joining the pro-slavery side of a fight where slavery was now a prominent issue. This greatly diminished the Confederacy's hopes of surviving a lengthy war
515:. He had been counseled by his cabinet to keep this action confidential until a Union battlefield victory could be announced, lest it appear to be an act of desperation. Along with its immense effect on American history and race relations, the Emancipation Proclamation effectively prevented the
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in April 1862. Johnston's plan was to drive the Union army from its landing point on the
Tennessee River into the surrounding swamps. He assigned Beauregard to coordinate the attack. Beauregard disagreed with his strategy and instead planned to drive the enemy back toward the river. He in turn
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and
Arkansas that might sustain the war effort from passing east. As President Lincoln had stated, "See what a lot of land these fellows hold, of which Vicksburg is the key! The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket.... We can take all the northern ports of the
306:, and the Confederate surrender at the latter, were the first significant Union victories during the war and the start of a mostly successful campaign in the Western Theater. Ulysses S. Grant completed both actions by February 16, 1862, and by doing so, opened the Tennessee and
504:'s invasion of the North. One of his goals was to entice the slave-holding state of Maryland to join the Confederacy, or at least recruit soldiers there. He failed in that objective; he also failed in marshaling Northern fears and opinions to pressure a settlement to the war.
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directed reconnaissance at this plan, resulting in the ultimate failure to pinpoint Grant's army. On the first day of battle, Johnston personally led the attack on the enemy. He was possibly a victim of friendly fire, receiving a hit in the knee which severed his
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had not mounted effective campaigns, or successful pursuits of
Confederate forces after gaining rare victories. Grant devised a coordinated strategy that would strike at the Confederacy from multiple directions: against Lee and the Confederate capital,
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716:. From this point onward, Lee attempted no more strategic offensives. Although two more years of fighting and a new, more aggressive general-in-chief (Grant) were required to fully subdue the rebellion, the eventual end at
998:
McPherson (p. 858) considers the Union victory at
Perryville in combination with that at Antietam to be the second of the war's four major turning points, one in which the possibility of an imminent Southern victory was
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accident. His death was a blow to the morale of the Confederate army, as he was one of its most popular and successful commanders. Two months later, Robert E. Lee had no general with Jackson's audacity available at the
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would come from the north, and made their defensive preparations accordingly. As forces under Grant made gains in the Western Theater, much of the military equipment and manpower in the city's vicinity was sent up the
1166:): First Bull Run, which resulted in establishment of unity of command in the Union army; Fort Donelson, after which he considered Vicksburg and Atlanta (and presumably Chattanooga) to be inevitable; and the fall of
605:) that his replacements were unable or unwilling to take. Lee himself shared this belief and is said to have told his subordinate generals on different occasions that they should have acted like Jackson would have.
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towards Richmond, an attritional campaign that took full advantage of the North's edge in population and resources. Although he suffered a tactical reverse in his first encounter with Lee in the
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492:, fought September 17, 1862, was the bloodiest single day of conflict in American military history. But it also had two strategic consequences. Although considered a tactical draw between the
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were the beginning of intensive press coverage of Grant and would propel his career until he would become leader of the Army of the Potomac, the army that would take Lee's surrender at
318:. The loss of control of these rivers was a significant strategic defeat for the Confederacy. This was the start of offensive actions by Grant that, with the sole exception of the
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386:. Johnston died within an hour. His death resulted in critical reassignments of his command to less talented generals who failed to repair the virtually doomed Western Theater.
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have ended the conflict. Southern morale was seriously affected by the twin setbacks of Gettysburg and Vicksburg, as they perceived that "the coil was tightening around us".
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447:. Thus the port, by far the largest Confederate city, fell undamaged into Union hands, tightening its grip on the Mississippi River and fulfilling a key element of the
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in the dispute, which was seen as a moderately pro-Confederate stance. The loss of Kentucky might have been catastrophic because of its control of the strategic
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to be the last of the war's four major turning points, one which overcame the demoralizing effects of the appalling casualties of the Overland Campaign and the
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Following the victory at Chattanooga, Grant was appointed general-in-chief of all Union armies on March 12, 1864. Leaving Sherman in command of forces in the
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diplomatic consequences. Confederate agents abroad were generally received more coolly, if at all, after news of the city's capture reached London and Paris.
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and occupying parts of southeastern Kentucky. This violation of state neutrality enraged many of its citizens; the state legislature, overriding the veto of
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The loss of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two, denying it any further movement along or across the Mississippi River and preventing supplies from
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was considered one of the best generals serving in the Western Theater. By 1862, he commanded all Confederate forces between the Cumberland Gap and
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McPherson (p. 858) lumps this Union victory together with the earlier ones at Vicksburg and Gettysburg as the war's third major turning point.
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is beyond the final point at which a positive conclusion for the Confederacy could have been contemplated. His opponent, former general
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53:. Several other decisive battles and events throughout the war have been proposed as turning points. The events are presented here in
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Some economic historians have pointed to the fact that after the defeats at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, the market for Confederate
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in the first few months after the April 1861 commencement of the war, which instigated changes in the plans and resources of the
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290:(the locale of all their successful large-scale non-naval initiatives until 1864) can be directly tied to Polk's blunder.
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was generally confident about its prospects for quickly crushing the rebellion with an easy, direct strike against the
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685:. These nearly simultaneous battles are the events most often cited as the ultimate turning points of the entire war.
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in this context is an event that occurred during the conflict after which most modern scholars would agree that the
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by 500,000 men and allowed for their terms of service to last the duration of the war. Congress quickly passed the
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was the turning point of the war because it reduced the Confederacy to the Atlantic coast and opened the way for
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was still a possibility, but it never came to pass. Antietam and two other coincident failed actions—
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could be invaded. Lincoln wrote, "I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game."
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511:'s victory was just convincing enough that President Lincoln used it as justification for announcing his
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593:. Many historians argue that Jackson might have succeeded in seizing key battlefield positions (such as
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Confederates launch a surprise early morning attack on the Union encampment on the first day of the
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Gettysburg was the first major defeat suffered by Lee. The three-day battle witnessed the Union
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1120:"Victory or Repudiation? The Probability of the Southern Confederacy Winning the Civil War"
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decisively repel his second invasion of the North and inflicted serious casualties on his
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In one of the war's most dramatic events, a spontaneous Union infantry advance
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McPherson (p. 858) considers the Union capture of Atlanta and its coincident
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against the North's suffocating naval blockade. Support from Napoleon III's
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Early in the war, Confederate strategists believed the primary threat to
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1021:"May 2, 1863: Stonewall Jackson Shot by His Own Men at Chancellorsville"
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in the west, in July 1863 is widely cited as the military climax of the
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to ensure continued Northern support for pursuit of ultimate victory.
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By mid-1861, eleven states had seceded, but four more slave-owning "
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Fuller was inconsistent in naming turning points. In his 1929 work
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The Civil War: A Narrative: Volume 2: Fredericksburg to Meridian
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in the heart of the Confederacy and nearly destroying the city.
609:
Union capture of Vicksburg and victory at Gettysburg (July 1863)
4073:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
1219:
The Civil War: A Narrative: Volume 1: Fort Sumter to Perryville
627:
A Union battalion scales the defenses of Vicksburg in a costly
521:
333:
83:
1283:
The Civil War: A Narrative: Volume 3: Red River to Appomattox
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past the Confederacy's only two forts below the city in the
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as Union supply lines and avenues of invasion to Tennessee,
29:
There is widespread disagreement among historians about the
534:"high-water mark of the Confederacy in the Western Theater"
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780:
Grant's appointment as Union general-in-chief (March 1864)
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contended that Grant's defeat of Braxton Bragg's army at
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Union victory in the Chattanooga Campaign (November 1863)
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Union capture of Forts Henry and Donelson (February 1862)
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campaign poster on October 1, 1864, weeks prior to the
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57:
order with only the positive arguments for each given.
1170:, which he claimed led directly to Lee's surrender at
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collapsed, a copse of trees on Cemetery Ridge, as the
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for the South's defeat. Although the occupation under
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in an attempt to stem the victorious Union tide. When
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rivers and its position from which the vital state of
228:. Kentucky was considered the most at risk; the state
1117:
4708:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
1118:
Weidenmier, M. D.; Oosterlinck, K. (November 2007).
463:
Union victory at Battle of Antietam (September 1862)
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4668:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
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693:Confederacy and they can defy us from Vicksburg."
201:Union assault on Confederate entrenchments at the
1448:Great Battles and Turning Points of the Civil War
923:end with the Union's original ambition achieved.
187:Confederate invasion of Kentucky (September 1861)
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3759:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
1401:
1372:
22:Confederates capture a Union battery during the
3583:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
1111:
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1469:
1276:
1244:
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882:addition to its military result of crippling
813:. Previous Union commanders in the critical
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334:Albert Sidney Johnston's death (April 1862)
84:Confederate victory at Bull Run (July 1861)
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251:On September 3, 1861, Confederate General
60:The list includes battle victories by the
4771:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1131:
862:Union capture of Atlanta (September 1864)
390:Union capture of New Orleans (April 1862)
62:military forces of the Confederate States
5061:Historiography of the American Civil War
1672:Treatment of slaves in the United States
1347:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
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406:forces its way past the downstream forts
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17:
3415:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
1587:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
877:Some contend that Sherman's successful
870:Sherman's troops destroy a railroad in
720:in 1865 seems inevitable in hindsight.
255:extended his defensive line north from
31:turning point of the American Civil War
5043:
3400:Modern display of the Confederate flag
1483:
441:Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip
369:In March 1862, Johnston organized the
110:. The embarrassing rout of Brig. Gen.
41:was inevitable. The near simultaneous
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1597:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
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912:reelection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864
573:, the Army of Northern Virginia lost
443:, New Orleans had no means to oppose
396:New Orleans in the American Civil War
1286:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1254:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1222:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
933:Conclusion of the American Civil War
890:Lincoln's reelection (November 1864)
809:, he moved his headquarters east to
653:On July 4, 1863, the most important
548:Stonewall Jackson's death (May 1863)
4713:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
3754:Committee on the Conduct of the War
3430:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1315:The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant
1160:The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant
834:; against railroad supply lines in
298:In Tennessee, the capture of Forts
13:
3824:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
3619:
3163:impeachment managers investigation
1542:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
906:in which Lincoln won a second term
714:high-water mark of the Confederacy
193:Kentucky in the American Civil War
162:Border states (Union slave states)
14:
5077:
3249:Reconstruction military districts
1697:Abolitionism in the United States
1652:Plantations in the American South
1567:Origins of the American Civil War
72:, eventually contributing to the
5024:
5023:
4865:Palestinian expulsion and flight
4103:
4094:
4093:
3232:Enforcement Act of February 1871
3205:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
1198:apparent stalemate at Petersburg
1194:victory in the Shenandoah Valley
377:. He launched his attack at the
135:Civil War division of U.S., 1863
4728:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
4663:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4470:Causes of the Armenian genocide
4017:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
3879:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
3440:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
1405:Turning Points of the Civil War
1186:
1177:
1152:
1140:
1087:
1067:
5000:Gunpowder and gun transmission
4874:Zionism as settler colonialism
3120:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
1056:
1044:
1002:
992:
981:
970:
955:
944:
673:. The previous day, Maj. Gen.
631:ordered by Grant early in the
1:
3535:Ladies' Memorial Associations
3237:Enforcement Act of April 1871
3133:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
3008:
1206:
842:. In May, Grant launched the
437:West Gulf Blockading Squadron
330:just over three years later.
180:Slave territories (contested)
3668:Confederate revolving cannon
3410:Sons of Confederate Veterans
3281:South Carolina riots of 1876
3259:Indian Council at Fort Smith
3210:South Carolina riots of 1876
3175:Knights of the White Camelia
1667:Slavery in the United States
1410:University of Nebraska Press
1029:. 2012-05-02. Archived from
7:
4632:German resistance to Nazism
4488:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4022:New York City riots of 1863
3847:Battle Hymn of the Republic
3598:United Confederate Veterans
3435:Children of the Confederacy
3425:United Confederate Veterans
3420:Southern Historical Society
2572:
2052:Price's Missouri Expedition
1522:Timeline leading to the War
1496:
926:
854:and the surrender of Lee's
732:fell to about 15 percent."
10:
5082:
4637:Nazi foreign policy debate
3990:Confederate Secret Service
3578:Grand Army of the Republic
3470:Grand Army of the Republic
3288:Southern Claims Commission
1310:Fuller, Maj. Gen. J. F. C.
904:1864 presidential election
783:
612:
571:Battle of Chancellorsville
551:
466:
393:
337:
190:
87:
5018:
4987:
4951:
4845:
4799:
4785:Second Sino-Japanese War
4763:
4693:
4645:
4607:
4567:
4443:
4265:
4184:
4160:
4089:
4065:
3978:Confederate States dollar
3950:
3892:
3837:
3789:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
3784:Emancipation Proclamation
3746:
3678:Medal of Honor recipients
3635:
3631:
3614:
3566:Confederate Memorial Hall
3548:
3527:
3485:
3457:
3448:
3368:Confederate Memorial Hall
3341:Confederate History Month
3321:Civil War Discovery Trail
3301:
3222:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
3053:
3028:Reconstruction Amendments
3018:
3014:
3003:
2925:
2794:
2787:
2727:
2591:
2584:
2580:
2567:
2509:
2256:
2249:
2080:
1936:
1895:
1863:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1790:
1687:
1637:Emancipation Proclamation
1605:
1506:
1502:
1491:
1402:Rawley, James A. (1966).
1373:Martin, David G. (2003).
1124:NBER Working Paper Series
1102:Foote, vol. 2, pp. 641–42
1078:Foote, vol. 2, pp. 626–27
856:Army of Northern Virginia
798:, May 1864, early in the
708:marks the point at which
702:Army of Northern Virginia
513:Emancipation Proclamation
498:Army of Northern Virginia
212:" remained in the Union,
4703:Auschwitz bombing debate
4389:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4240:Late Bronze Age collapse
4174:List of military museums
4052:U.S. Sanitary Commission
3963:Battlefield preservation
3869:Marching Through Georgia
3794:Hampton Roads Conference
3769:Confiscation Act of 1862
3764:Confiscation Act of 1861
3540:U.S. national cemeteries
3346:Confederate Memorial Day
3331:Civil War Trails Program
3200:New Orleans riot of 1866
938:
848:Battle of the Wilderness
796:Battle of the Wilderness
746:carries Missionary Ridge
683:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
677:had decisively defeated
507:But more strategically,
153:Free territories (Union)
120:Confiscation Act of 1861
96:First Battle of Bull Run
90:First Battle of Bull Run
24:First Battle of Bull Run
4653:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4512:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3973:Confederate war finance
3593:Southern Cross of Honor
3561:1938 Gettysburg reunion
3556:1913 Gettysburg reunion
3254:Reconstruction Treaties
3227:Enforcement Act of 1870
3110:Freedman's Savings Bank
1727:Lane Debates on Slavery
1552:Lincoln–Douglas debates
1434:Unpublished remarks by
646:on the last day of the
500:, it marked the end of
324:unconditional surrender
203:Battle of Fort Donelson
5051:Albert Sidney Johnston
4776:"Battle for Australia"
4658:Soviet offensive plans
4627:Broad vs. narrow front
4466:Late Ottoman genocides
4032:Richmond riots of 1863
3958:Baltimore riot of 1861
3738:U.S. Military Railroad
3658:Confederate Home Guard
3390:Historiographic issues
3356:Historical reenactment
1855:Revenue Cutter Service
1722:William Lloyd Garrison
1631:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1444:University of Virginia
1172:Appomattox Court House
907:
874:
802:
762:Chattanooga, Tennessee
753:
750:Chattanooga, Tennessee
718:Appomattox Court House
663:Vicksburg, Mississippi
650:
642:Union troops repulsed
635:
566:
532:(sometimes called the
485:
431:was able to force the
412:
410:capture of New Orleans
360:Albert Sidney Johnston
356:
340:Albert Sidney Johnston
328:Appomattox Court House
205:
183:
26:
5005:Torsion mangonel myth
4937:Sri Lankan Civil War
3997:Great Revival of 1863
3874:Maryland, My Maryland
3663:Confederate railroads
3326:Civil War Roundtables
3195:Meridian riot of 1871
3190:Memphis riots of 1866
1747:George Luther Stearns
1732:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1625:Crittenden Compromise
1082:McPherson, pp. 666–67
1052:Foote, vol. 2, p. 596
966:Foote, vol. 1, p. 361
962:McPherson, pp. 418–19
897:
869:
852:fall of their capital
793:
784:Further information:
743:
706:National Park Service
641:
626:
561:
552:Further information:
496:and the much smaller
476:
403:
394:Further information:
351:
338:Further information:
200:
132:
78:articles of surrender
21:
4622:"Blitzkrieg" concept
4493:Powder keg of Europe
4368:Franco-Prussian War
3884:Daar kom die Alibama
3799:National Union Party
3475:memorials to Lincoln
3395:Lost Cause mythology
3100:Eufaula riot of 1874
3088:Confederate refugees
2301:District of Columbia
1928:Union naval blockade
1774:Underground Railroad
1562:Nullification crisis
1050:Martin, pp. 563–65;
648:Battle of Gettysburg
615:Battle of Gettysburg
591:Battle of Gettysburg
542:Corinth, Mississippi
530:invasion of Kentucky
43:Battle of Gettysburg
4958:Russo-Georgian War
4931:Sovereignty dispute
4910:Iranian Revolution
4740:"Polish death camp"
4717:In relation to the
4426:Myth of English aid
4417:War of the Pacific
4194:Albigensian Crusade
4042:Supreme Court cases
3809:Radical Republicans
3588:Old soldiers' homes
3572:Confederate Veteran
3498:artworks in Capitol
3217:Reconstruction acts
3078:Colfax riot of 1873
2042:Richmond-Petersburg
1647:Fugitive slave laws
1577:Popular sovereignty
1557:Missouri Compromise
1547:Kansas-Nebraska Act
1342:McPherson, James M.
977:Rawley, pp. 97–114.
916:George B. McClellan
756:Military historian
698:Army of the Potomac
540:'s advance against
509:George B. McClellan
494:Army of the Potomac
477:Union forces cross
371:Army of Mississippi
234:declared neutrality
4973:Syrian revolution
4885:Malayan Emergency
4860:1948 Palestine war
4593:Spanish Civil War
4543:War guilt question
4352:American Civil War
4332:Invasion of Russia
4308:New Russian School
3863:A Lincoln Portrait
3804:Politicians killed
3728:U.S. Balloon Corps
3723:Union corps badges
3503:memorials to Davis
3373:Disenfranchisement
3244:Reconstruction era
3125:Timber Culture Act
3083:Compromise of 1877
2047:Franklin–Nashville
1717:Frederick Douglass
1620:Cornerstone Speech
1537:Compromise of 1850
1485:American Civil War
1440:James M. McPherson
1376:Gettysburg, July 1
1162:, he cited three (
1074:Rawley, pp. 156–57
1026:The New York Times
951:Rawley, pp. 49–67.
908:
875:
838:; and against the
803:
766:William T. Sherman
754:
657:stronghold on the
651:
636:
619:Siege of Vicksburg
569:After winning the
567:
490:Battle of Antietam
486:
483:Battle of Antietam
469:Battle of Antietam
413:
357:
265:Columbus, Kentucky
206:
184:
171:Confederate states
108:Richmond, Virginia
51:American Civil War
27:
5066:Stonewall Jackson
5038:
5037:
4841:
4840:
4719:Armenian genocide
4582:Polish–Soviet War
4577:Burning of Smyrna
4563:
4562:
4553:Reichstag inquiry
4476:Patriotic consent
4347:
4346:
4322:War in the Vendée
4286:French Revolution
4268:century conflicts
4257:Peloponnesian War
4218:Eighty Years' War
4117:
4116:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
3915:Italian Americans
3900:African Americans
3857:John Brown's Body
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3523:
3522:
3361:Robert E. Lee Day
3105:Freedmen's Bureau
3068:Brooks–Baxter War
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2783:
2782:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
1972:Northern Virginia
1918:Trans-Mississippi
1891:
1890:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1678:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1615:African Americans
1419:978-0-8032-8935-2
1386:978-0-306-81240-8
1357:978-0-19-503863-7
1325:978-0-306-80450-2
1318:. Da Capo Press.
1293:978-0-307-74469-2
1261:978-0-307-74468-5
1229:978-0-307-74467-8
1147:McPherson, p. 677
1106:McPherson, p. 665
1063:McPherson, p. 665
872:Battle of Atlanta
844:Overland Campaign
824:Shenandoah Valley
800:Overland Campaign
659:Mississippi River
578:Stonewall Jackson
563:Stonewall Jackson
554:Stonewall Jackson
479:Burnside's Bridge
422:Mississippi River
404:Farragut's fleet
375:P.G.T. Beauregard
314:, and eventually
308:Cumberland Rivers
273:Belmont, Missouri
271:'s occupation of
47:fall of Vicksburg
5073:
5027:
5026:
5010:War and genocide
4834:
4820:Résistancialisme
4807:Battle of France
4789:Nanjing Massacre
4643:
4642:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4484:
4434:
4316:
4299:
4272:
4271:
4199:Catharism debate
4185:pre-18th century
4167:Military history
4144:
4137:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4107:
4097:
4096:
3920:Native Americans
3905:German Americans
3698:Partisan rangers
3693:Official Records
3633:
3632:
3616:
3615:
3508:memorials to Lee
3455:
3454:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3004:
2792:
2791:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2569:
2568:
2542:Washington, D.C.
2336:Indian Territory
2296:Dakota Territory
2254:
2253:
2171:Chancellorsville
1962:Jackson's Valley
1952:Blockade runners
1828:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1792:
1791:
1752:Thaddeus Stevens
1742:Lysander Spooner
1702:Susan B. Anthony
1504:
1503:
1493:
1492:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1431:
1398:
1369:
1337:
1305:
1273:
1241:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1115:
1109:
1091:
1085:
1071:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1017:
1011:
1006:
1000:
996:
990:
985:
979:
974:
968:
959:
953:
948:
920:Democratic Party
879:siege of Atlanta
836:western Virginia
786:Ulysses S. Grant
774:March to the Sea
770:Atlanta Campaign
710:Pickett's Charge
671:Ulysses S. Grant
644:Pickett's Charge
384:popliteal artery
379:Battle of Shiloh
354:Battle of Shiloh
344:Battle of Shiloh
320:Battle of Shiloh
269:Ulysses S. Grant
267:(in response to
177:
168:
159:
150:
141:
45:in the east and
39:eventual outcome
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5014:
4995:Conflict thesis
4983:
4947:
4837:
4828:
4795:
4759:
4689:
4641:
4603:
4569:Interwar period
4559:
4529:
4522:
4514:
4498:Schlieffen Plan
4478:
4439:
4428:
4343:
4310:
4293:
4278:
4267:
4261:
4245:Dorian invasion
4230:Fall of Babylon
4186:
4180:
4179:
4156:
4148:
4118:
4113:
4077:
4061:
3946:
3910:Irish Americans
3888:
3833:
3742:
3733:U.S. Home Guard
3673:Field artillery
3627:
3626:
3602:
3544:
3519:
3481:
3450:
3444:
3336:Civil War Trust
3303:
3297:
3185:Ethnic violence
3170:Kirk–Holden war
3049:
3010:
2987:
2921:
2779:
2723:
2576:
2551:
2505:
2258:
2245:
2076:
2057:Sherman's March
2037:Bermuda Hundred
1932:
1887:
1859:
1815:
1814:
1778:
1737:J. Sella Martin
1707:James G. Birney
1683:
1601:
1527:Bleeding Kansas
1515:
1498:
1487:
1482:
1420:
1387:
1358:
1326:
1294:
1262:
1230:
1209:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1116:
1112:
1092:
1088:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1009:Rawley, p. 101.
1007:
1003:
997:
993:
988:Rawley, p. 142.
986:
982:
975:
971:
960:
956:
949:
945:
941:
929:
892:
864:
815:Eastern Theater
807:Western Theater
788:
782:
738:
704:. In fact, the
621:
613:Main articles:
611:
565:on his deathbed
556:
550:
471:
465:
456:Benjamin Butler
398:
392:
346:
336:
296:
288:Western Theater
284:Beriah Magoffin
195:
189:
182:
175:
173:
166:
164:
157:
155:
148:
146:
139:
137:
92:
86:
80:in April 1865.
12:
11:
5:
5079:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4967:Responsibility
4964:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4923:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4879:New Historians
4876:
4871:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4745:Responsibility
4742:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4725:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4521:
4509:
4503:Spirit of 1914
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4473:
4463:
4460:Fischer thesis
4449:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4423:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4401:Paraguayan War
4398:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4327:Napoleonic era
4324:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4300:
4291:Pre-revolution
4282:
4280:
4276:Coalition Wars
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4190:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4154:historiography
4147:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4101:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4057:Women soldiers
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:Naming the war
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3648:Campaign Medal
3645:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3623:Related topics
3620:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3461:
3459:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3351:Decoration Day
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3307:
3305:
3304:Reconstruction
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3158:second inquiry
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3115:Homestead Acts
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3063:Alabama Claims
3059:
3057:
3055:Reconstruction
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3043:15th Amendment
3040:
3038:14th Amendment
3035:
3033:13th Amendment
3024:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:J. E. Johnston
2661:
2659:A. S. Johnston
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:R. H. Anderson
2595:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2577:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2461:South Carolina
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:North Carolina
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Fredericksburg
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2101:Wilson's Creek
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:Lower Seaboard
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:Harriet Tubman
1766:
1765:
1764:
1757:Charles Sumner
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1592:States' rights
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1436:Gary Gallagher
1432:
1418:
1399:
1385:
1370:
1356:
1338:
1324:
1306:
1292:
1274:
1260:
1242:
1228:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1185:
1176:
1151:
1139:
1133:10.3386/w13567
1110:
1098:Rawley, p. 163
1094:Rawley, p. 145
1086:
1066:
1055:
1043:
1012:
1001:
991:
980:
969:
954:
942:
940:
937:
936:
935:
928:
925:
891:
888:
884:transportation
863:
860:
840:port of Mobile
781:
778:
737:
734:
629:failed assault
610:
607:
601:at the end of
549:
546:
517:British Empire
467:Main article:
464:
461:
429:David Farragut
391:
388:
335:
332:
295:
292:
277:Cumberland Gap
191:Main article:
188:
185:
174:
165:
156:
147:
138:
133:
112:Irvin McDowell
88:Main article:
85:
82:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5078:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5030:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:Post-Cold War
4950:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4926:Falklands War
4924:
4922:
4921:Iran–Iraq War
4919:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4869:Ongoing Nakba
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:Western Front
4798:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4781:Bengal famine
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4695:The Holocaust
4692:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:Eastern Front
4644:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4377:Paris Commune
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:Turning point
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4314:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4266:18th and 19th
4264:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4211:Islamic views
4209:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4145:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Photographers
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:Gender issues
4000:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3829:War Democrats
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Union Leagues
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Turning point
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:Naval battles
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:and memorials
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3311:Commemoration
3309:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:first inquiry
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Carpetbaggers
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3002:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:West Virginia
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:New Hampshire
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Massachusetts
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
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2116:Hampton Roads
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2106:Fort Donelson
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2002:Morgan's Raid
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1947:Anaconda Plan
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1923:Pacific Coast
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1572:Panic of 1857
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1278:Foote, Shelby
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1246:Foote, Shelby
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1033:on 2012-05-03
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758:J.F.C. Fuller
751:
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730:
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721:
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715:
711:
707:
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699:
694:
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686:
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680:
679:Robert E. Lee
676:
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664:
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616:
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599:Cemetery Hill
596:
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586:friendly fire
583:
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560:
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545:
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539:
538:Earl Van Dorn
535:
531:
527:
526:Braxton Bragg
523:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
502:Robert E. Lee
499:
495:
491:
484:
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475:
470:
460:
457:
454:
450:
449:Anaconda Plan
446:
442:
438:
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411:
408:prior to the
407:
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261:Gideon Pillow
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253:Leonidas Polk
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211:
210:border states
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63:
58:
56:
55:chronological
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:turning point
32:
25:
20:
16:
5056:Case studies
4900:Six-Day War
4896:Algerian War
4867: /
4826:Vichy France
4818:
4811:
4721: /
4609:World War II
4505: /
4361:
4172:
4165:
3968:Bibliography
3951:Other topics
3893:By ethnicity
3861:
3814:Trent Affair
3717:
3713:Signal Corps
3570:
3293:White League
3180:Ku Klux Klan
3093:Confederados
3020:Constitution
2892:D. D. Porter
2745:Breckinridge
2456:Rhode Island
2451:Pennsylvania
2206:Spotsylvania
2166:Stones River
2146:2nd Bull Run
2096:1st Bull Run
1982:Stones River
1883:Marine Corps
1850:Marine Corps
1689:Abolitionism
1676:
1629:
1447:
1404:
1375:
1346:
1314:
1282:
1250:
1218:
1188:
1179:
1159:
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1142:
1123:
1113:
1089:
1069:
1058:
1046:
1035:. Retrieved
1031:the original
1024:
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1004:
994:
983:
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957:
946:
909:
876:
804:
755:
726:
722:
695:
687:
675:George Meade
652:
584:following a
568:
506:
487:
426:Flag Officer
414:
368:
358:
297:
250:
207:
144:Union states
134:
93:
76:signing the
66:armed forces
59:
30:
28:
15:
4829: [
4764:Pacific War
4548:Article 231
4538:Reparations
4515: [
4479: [
4456:Color books
4445:World War I
4429: [
4406:War of 1812
4311: [
4294: [
4279:(1792–1815)
4250:Sea Peoples
4235:Gallic Wars
3774:Copperheads
3486:Confederate
3378:Black Codes
2704:E. K. Smith
2585:Confederate
2532:New Orleans
2527:Chattanooga
2391:Mississippi
2291:Connecticut
2259:territories
2250:Involvement
2211:Cold Harbor
2201:Fort Pillow
2191:Chattanooga
2186:Chickamauga
2136:Seven Pines
2126:New Orleans
2091:Fort Sumter
2032:Valley 1864
1865:Confederacy
1662:Slave Power
1642:Fire-Eaters
1379:. Da Capo.
1350:. OUP USA.
918:, ran on a
669:to General
667:surrendered
655:Confederate
595:Culp's Hill
417:New Orleans
312:Mississippi
230:legislature
106:capital at
104:Confederate
74:Confederacy
5045:Categories
4962:Background
4813:Guilty Men
4755:Uniqueness
4678:Background
4673:Winter War
4597:Background
4530:Versailles
4384:Great Game
4007:Juneteenth
3528:Cemeteries
3405:Red Shirts
3316:Centennial
3266:Red Shirts
2674:Longstreet
2604:Beauregard
2547:Winchester
2522:Charleston
2491:Washington
2426:New Mexico
2421:New Jersey
2281:California
2257:States and
2241:Five Forks
2226:Mobile Bay
2196:Wilderness
2176:Gettysburg
2156:Perryville
2141:Seven Days
2072:Appomattox
1997:Gettysburg
1957:New Mexico
1824:Combatants
1799:Combatants
1712:John Brown
1207:References
1168:Wilmington
1037:2020-03-04
826:; against
433:Union Navy
116:Union Army
4733:Pius Wars
4528:Treaty of
4187:conflicts
3985:Espionage
3779:Diplomacy
3747:Political
3703:POW camps
3449:Monuments
3276:Scalawags
3271:Redeemers
3009:Aftermath
2958:Pinkerton
2897:Rosecrans
2862:McClellan
2765:Memminger
2501:Wisconsin
2466:Tennessee
2386:Minnesota
2361:Louisiana
2236:Nashville
2181:Vicksburg
2111:Pea Ridge
2062:Carolinas
2017:Red River
2012:Knoxville
1992:Tullahoma
1987:Vicksburg
1967:Peninsula
1939:campaigns
1805:Campaigns
1582:Secession
1446:seminar:
1302:712783750
1270:712783750
1238:712783750
1126:(13567).
822:; in the
729:war bonds
582:pneumonia
453:Maj. Gen.
263:occupied
257:Tennessee
238:Tennessee
5029:Category
4847:Cold War
4750:Slovakia
4337:Waterloo
4206:Crusades
4151:Military
4099:Category
3940:Seminole
3930:Cherokee
3683:Medicine
3636:Military
3549:Veterans
3383:Jim Crow
3148:timeline
2943:Ericsson
2926:Civilian
2907:Sheridan
2867:McDowell
2827:Farragut
2812:Burnside
2802:Anderson
2795:Military
2775:Stephens
2735:Benjamin
2728:Civilian
2614:Buchanan
2592:Military
2537:Richmond
2486:Virginia
2431:New York
2406:Nebraska
2396:Missouri
2381:Michigan
2371:Maryland
2356:Kentucky
2331:Illinois
2306:Delaware
2286:Colorado
2271:Arkansas
2231:Franklin
2151:Antietam
2022:Overland
1977:Maryland
1896:Theaters
1802:Theaters
1428:44957745
1395:44965867
1366:15550774
1344:(1988).
1312:(1929).
1280:(2011).
1248:(2011).
1216:(2011).
1149:, p. 680
999:quashed.
927:See also
828:Johnston
820:Richmond
811:Virginia
575:Lt. Gen.
364:Arkansas
304:Donelson
281:Governor
226:Delaware
222:Maryland
218:Kentucky
214:Missouri
4988:Related
4941:Origins
4904:Origins
4855:Origins
4411:Origins
4357:Origins
4223:Origins
4066:Related
3935:Choctaw
3925:Catawba
3708:Rations
3653:Cavalry
3515:Removal
3143:efforts
3127:of 1873
2973:Stevens
2968:Stanton
2953:Lincoln
2912:Sherman
2847:Halleck
2837:Frémont
2822:Du Pont
2760:Mallory
2719:Wheeler
2654:Jackson
2634:Forrest
2574:Leaders
2517:Atlanta
2481:Vermont
2401:Montana
2341:Indiana
2316:Georgia
2311:Florida
2276:Arizona
2266:Alabama
2216:Atlanta
2131:Corinth
2083:battles
2027:Atlanta
2007:Bristoe
1908:Western
1903:Eastern
1808:Battles
1607:Slavery
1511:Origins
1497:Origins
1442:, 2005
1334:1523705
900:Lincoln
832:Atlanta
603:day one
481:at the
445:capture
316:Georgia
178:
169:
160:
151:
142:
124:slavery
68:of the
4977:Causes
4914:Causes
4889:Causes
4683:Spirit
4617:Causes
4587:Causes
4452:Causes
4421:Causes
4394:Causes
4372:Causes
4303:Causes
4109:Portal
4047:Tokens
2983:Welles
2963:Seward
2948:Hamlin
2917:Thomas
2852:Hooker
2817:Butler
2770:Seddon
2755:Hunter
2740:Bocock
2714:Taylor
2709:Stuart
2699:Semmes
2679:Morgan
2639:Gorgas
2619:Cooper
2510:Cities
2446:Oregon
2411:Nevada
2351:Kansas
2321:Hawaii
2221:Crater
2121:Shiloh
2081:Major
2067:Mobile
1937:Major
1811:States
1762:Caning
1426:
1416:
1393:
1383:
1364:
1354:
1332:
1322:
1300:
1290:
1268:
1258:
1236:
1226:
898:A pro-
536:) and
522:France
224:, and
176:
167:
158:
149:
140:
4833:]
4723:Nakba
4519:]
4483:]
4433:]
4315:]
4298:]
3852:Dixie
3839:Music
3458:Union
3302:Post-
3138:trial
2938:Chase
2933:Adams
2902:Scott
2877:Meigs
2872:Meade
2842:Grant
2832:Foote
2807:Buell
2788:Union
2750:Davis
2694:Price
2684:Mosby
2629:Ewell
2624:Early
2609:Bragg
2471:Texas
2366:Maine
2326:Idaho
1832:Union
1164:p. 46
939:Notes
748:near
690:Texas
633:siege
373:with
300:Henry
259:when
100:North
70:Union
4507:1917
4037:Salt
3643:Arms
3493:List
3465:List
2978:Wade
2887:Pope
2857:Hunt
2689:Polk
2649:Hood
2644:Hill
2476:Utah
2441:Ohio
2346:Iowa
1878:Navy
1873:Army
1845:Navy
1840:Army
1438:and
1424:OCLC
1414:ISBN
1391:OCLC
1381:ISBN
1362:OCLC
1352:ISBN
1330:OCLC
1320:ISBN
1298:OCLC
1288:ISBN
1266:OCLC
1256:ISBN
1234:OCLC
1224:ISBN
910:The
830:and
794:The
772:and
617:and
597:and
488:The
342:and
302:and
246:Ohio
242:Ohio
240:and
232:had
94:The
33:. A
2882:Ord
2669:Lee
1128:doi
768:'s
681:at
661:at
580:to
528:'s
435:'s
5047::
4831:fr
4517:ru
4481:fr
4458:/
4431:es
4313:ru
4296:fr
1422:.
1412:.
1408:.
1389:.
1360:.
1328:.
1296:.
1264:.
1232:.
1122:.
1104:;
1100:;
1096:;
1080:;
1076:;
1023:.
964:;
858:.
776:.
665:,
220:,
216:,
126:.
4472:)
4468:(
4462:)
4454:(
4143:e
4136:t
4129:v
1477:e
1470:t
1463:v
1450:.
1430:.
1397:.
1368:.
1336:.
1304:.
1272:.
1240:.
1174:.
1136:.
1130::
1108:.
1084:.
1040:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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