432:(1603β25) renewed and confirmed the company's charter in 1606, adding new privileges. However he engaged in a verbal anti-Turk crusade and neglected direct relations with the Turks. The government did not interfere with trade, which expanded. Especially profitable was the arms trade as the Porte modernised and re-equipped its forces. Of growing importance was textile exports. Between 1609 and 1619, the export of cloth to the Turks increased from 46% to 79% of total cloth exports. The business was highly lucrative. Piracy continued to be a threat. Despite the anti-Ottoman rhetoric of the king, commercial relations with the Turks expanded. The king's finances were increasingly based on the revenues derived from this trade, and English diplomacy was complicated by this trade. For example, James refused to provide financial support to Poland for its war against the Turks.
2436:
2066:
40:
2515:
459:. The number of members was not limited, but averaged about 300. The principal qualification required was that the candidate be a wholesale merchant, either by family, or by serving an apprenticeship of seven years. Those under 25 years of age paid 25 pounds at their admission; those above, twice as much. Each made an oath, at his entrance, not to send any merchandise to the Levant, except on his own account; and not to
500:
349:, an English merchant who had carried out most of the treaty negotiations in Constantinople to French protestations, made himself permanent envoy. But by 1586 Harborne was appointed 'Her Majesty's ambassador' to the Ottoman Empire, with all his expenses (including gifts given to the Sultan and his court) to be paid by the Levant Company.
466:
The company had a court, or board at London, composed of a governor, sub-governor, and twelve directors, or assistants; who were all actually to live in London, or the suburbs. They also had a deputy-governor, in every city and port where there were any members of the company. This assembly at London
491:
One of the best regulations of the company was not to leave the consuls, or even the ambassador, to fix the impositions on the vessels for defraying the common expensesβsomething that was fatal to the companies of most other nationsβbut to allow a pension to the ambassador and consuls, and even to
471:
for the price at which the
European merchandise sent to the Levant were to be sold; and for the quality of those returned. It raised taxes on merchandise, to defray impositions, and the common expense of the company; presented the ambassador, which the King was to keep at the port; elected two
519:
In extraordinary cases, the consuls, and even ambassador himself, had recourse to two deputies of the company, residing in the Levant, or if the affair be very important, assemble the whole nation. Here were regulated the presents to be given, the voyages to be made, and every thing to be
496:βso that there was no pretence for their raising any sum at all on the merchants or merchandises. It was true that the ambassador and consul might act alone on these occasions, but the pensions being offered to them on condition of declining them, they chose not to act.
2487:
Membership began declining in the early eighteenth century. In its decline the company was looked upon as an abuse, a drain on the resources of
Britain. The company's purview was thrown open to free trade in 1754, but continued its activities until dissolution in 1825.
327:
The origins of the Levant
Company lay in the Italian trade with Constantinople, and the wars against the Turks in Hungary, although a parallel was routed to Morocco and the Barbary Coast on a similar trade winds as early as 1413. The collapse of the
2936:
344:
in 1580 for a charter to guarantee exclusivity when trading in that region. In 1580 a treaty was signed between
England and the Ottoman Empire, giving English merchants trading rights similar to those enjoyed by French merchants. In 1582,
574:; but was, more advantageous to England, because it took off much more of the English products than the other, which was chiefly carried on in money. The places reserved for the commerce of this company included all the states of
439:(1642β1651), some innovations were made in the government of the company, allowing many people to become members who were not qualified by the charters of Elizabeth and James, or who did not conform to the regulations prescribed.
2501:
The Levant
Company encompassed American merchants before 1811 who bought Turkish opium. These merchants would sell the opium to the Chinese, beginning in 1806. Among these American Turkey merchants were members of the famous
520:
deliberated; and on the resolutions here taken, the deputies appointed the treasurer to furnish the required funds. The ordinary commerce of this company employed from 20 to 25 vessels, of between 25 and 30 pieces of cannon.
2687:
The London Port Books from the 1560s and 1570s do not record any shipments by
English merchants to or from the Levant, when Venice filled the role of intermediary and Antwerp retained its position as entrepΓ΄t. (Willan
443:, upon his restoration, endeavored to set the company upon its original basis; to which end, he gave them a charter, containing not only a confirmation of their old one, but also several new articles of reformation.
3174:
Early
Voyages and Travels in the Levant: I. The Diary of Master Thomas Dallam, 1599β1600. II. Extracts from the Diaries of Dr. John Covel, 1670β1679. With Some Account of the Levant Company of Turkey Merchants
2671:
privateer merchant ships recorded as setting out from
England included, Anne (1446), Katherine Sturmy (1457), (Lipson, Economic, I, p. 505); Antony (1478), Mary de Toowre (1482), (Power and Postan, p. 45.);
2944:
3012:
British Museum, 1718. Paragraphs of Some
Letters to Prove the Reasonablness of The Levant Company 's late order to carry on their trade by general ships, Bodleian Pamphlets, Folio 666, ff. 288β89.
3076:
Eysturlid, Lee W. (Winter 1993). "Where
Everything is Weighed in the Scales of Material Interest: Anglo-Turkish Trade, Picary, and Diplomacy in the Mediterranean during the Jacobean Period".
340:
vessels with endeavour to reopen trade with the East on their own accounts. Following a decline in trade with the Levant over a number of decades, several London merchants petitioned Queen
410:. In that conflict however the company with its heavily armed ships managed to repel the Spanish galleys intent on capturing the cargo in a number of pitched naval battles, in
402:
In January 1592, a new charter was granted and by 1595 its character as a regulated company had become clear. In the early days of the company there were threats not just from
391:. Throughout the company's history, Aleppo functioned as the central hub for the entire Middle East operations. By 1588, the Levant Company had been converted to a regulated
1962:
1455:
1866:
1787:
1772:
1742:
3333:
1944:
1793:
1724:
1688:
1593:
3348:
1950:
1920:
1799:
1718:
1700:
1694:
2036:
2019:
2013:
2007:
1980:
1805:
1748:
1706:
1503:
2029:
1754:
1712:
1926:
1420:
1890:
1778:
1730:
1850:
1629:
2043:
3343:
2001:
1932:
1736:
1581:
1986:
1956:
1902:
1832:
1261:
296:
2997:
Add MSS Memorandum (ff. 80β97): from the Office of the Committee of the Privy Council for trade) to the Dukes of Leeds on the Turkey Company trade
523:
The merchandises exported there were limited in quality and range, suggesting an imbalance of trade; they included traditional cloths, especially
3338:
1908:
1896:
1877:
1811:
1766:
1341:
1974:
524:
2662:, "On 14 April 1566 a fleet of 80 galleys, commanded by Piyale PaΕa arrive in the port of Chios and succeeds to occupy without a fight"
2572:
2937:"Baltimore's narcotic history dates back to the 19th-century shipping-driven boom, quietly aided by bringing Turkish opium to China"
419:
415:
563:, soda ash for making glass and soap, and several gums and medicinal drugs. Velvet, carpets, and silk were bought by the traders.
3328:
2406:
3358:
2448:
1365:
3323:
3318:
3226:
2919:
2892:
1667:
1527:
1462:
1311:
3353:
1347:
2882:
2909:
3245:
3194:
3107:
1359:
1329:
287:(1581) merged, because their charters had expired, as she was eager to maintain trade and political alliances with the
2911:
The Role of the American Board in the World: Bicentennial Reflections on the Organization's Missionary Work, 1810β2010
315:. The company remained in continuous existence until being superseded in 1825. A member of the company was known as a
3289:
1498:
1267:
422:
and 1600 The company as a result surrendered some of their ships to the English Crown and these were used during the
407:
300:
2971:
120:
Dissolved by the Dissolution of Levant Company Act 1825 (c. 33 6 Geo. 4); consular establishments taken over by the
2440:
1552:
1480:
1438:
1389:
1323:
2629:
1636:
1624:
1444:
17:
2845:
3268:
3006:
Lansdowne MSS. 60 Petition of the Turkey and Venice Merchants to be incorporated into one body (f.8) c. 1590β91
1588:
1521:
1516:
1335:
177:
Rum and spices; cloth: cottons and woollens, kerseys, indigo, gall, camlet; tin, pewter, maroquin, soda ash.
3313:
1510:
1293:
411:
2770:
3256:
2863:
1992:
1353:
1058:
463:
them to any but the company's agents, or factors. The company governed itself by a plurality of voices.
2884:
Opium Traders and Their Worlds β Volume One: A Revisionist ExposΓ© of the World's Greatest Opium Traders
571:
2967:
2733:
2482:
1648:
508:
1826:
1606:
1432:
1305:
1274:
607:
3308:
3009:
MSS Bodleian Library Folio 665, (i List of the Membership of The Levant Company, 1701 (ff. 97β98)
1570:
1474:
473:
3238:
The British in the Levant: Trade and Perceptions of the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century
2053:
1540:
372:
276:
2743:
1617:
440:
375:" (trading centers) in already-established commercial centers, such as the Levant Factory in
3018:
1825, Proceedings of The Levant Company respecting the Surrender of their Charters, BM6/6259
2606:
2529:
1938:
1492:
8:
3118:
3072:
Covers the years of the periodic charterers, 1581β1605 and the permanent charter to 1640.
3057:
2595:
Kenneth R. Andrews (1964), Elizabethan Privateering 1583β1603, Cambridge University Press
2567:
2525:
591:
396:
256:
249:
66:
53:
3205:
2065:
39:
3146:
1611:
1600:
1563:
1486:
583:
539:, black rabbit skins and a great deal of American silver, which the English took up at
429:
2674:
3285:
3264:
3241:
3222:
3190:
3103:
2915:
2888:
2783:
2737:
1654:
1642:
1534:
1468:
1401:
595:
436:
361:
272:
56:
1372:
The British government took over the Company in 1821 until its dissolution in 1825.
492:
the chief officersβincluding the chancellor, secretary, chaplain, interpreters, and
1558:
1383:
1317:
488:
became increasingly important, the Crown had to assume control of the appointment.
346:
226:
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (from 1 January 1801)
203:
3281:
The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England
3279:
3216:
3172:
2717:
2524:
Azure, on a sea in base proper, a ship with three masts in full sail or, between
2478:
1914:
1576:
1546:
403:
399:. The prime movers in the conversion were Sir Edward Osborne and Richard Staper.
304:
2528:
of the second, all the sails, pennants, and ensigns argent, each charged with a
329:
2826:
2659:
1449:
1426:
1299:
1287:
1281:
1254:
587:
579:
528:
512:
481:
423:
380:
365:
357:
353:
336:) had left a vacuum that was filled by a few intrepid adventurers in their own
308:
292:
288:
280:
244:
121:
102:
3302:
3182:
3003:
Harley MSS, 306 Standing Ordinances of the Levant Company (ff. 72β74) c. 1590
2514:
2492:
1661:
1413:
627:
485:
144:
567:
2503:
2466:
1968:
452:
3203:
451:
By the charter of King Charles II in 1661, the company was erected into a
360:
expired, both companies were merged into the Levant Company in 1592 after
3015:
1718β1719, The Case of The Levant Company, British Museum. 351β356, 6(40)
2697:
Michael Strachan, "The life and Adventures of Thomas Coryate", OUP, 1962.
1884:
1860:
1844:
1838:
1760:
1407:
1395:
341:
611:
384:
337:
2678:(1552), Mary Gonson (1552), Williamson, (Maritime Entreprise, p. 223)
603:
536:
504:
493:
547:, cotton wool and yarn, currants and raisins, nutmeg, black pepper,
2816:, M. Epstein, M.A., Ph.D., London, George Rutledge & Sons, 1908
2739:
An Historical and Chronological Deduction of the Origin of Commerce
2453:
599:
560:
544:
392:
291:. Its initial charter was good for seven years and was granted to
3043:
Bent, J. T. (October 1890). "The English in The Levant Company".
651:
647:
643:
635:
631:
623:
460:
457:
Company of Merchants of England trading to the Seas of the Levant
371:
The company had no colonial aspirations, but rather established "
2802:
Trading with the Ottomans: The Levant Company in the Middle East
499:
615:
575:
556:
548:
532:
477:
468:
395:
on an established trade route, from its initial character as a
388:
376:
312:
140:
134:
654:; and other places on the coasts of France, Spain, and Italy.
2907:
2550:
639:
619:
540:
333:
191:
3187:
This Orient Isle: Elizabethan England and the Islamic World
2532:, a chief engrailed of the third, in base a seahorse proper
566:
The commerce of the company to Smyrna, Constantinople, and
552:
511:(1700β1764), chief representative of the Levant Company at
279:
approved its initial charter on 11 September 1592 when the
223:
Government of Great Britain (1 May 1707 β 31 December 1800)
2060:
332:, high tariffs, and the ousting of the Genoese from Scio (
3240:. Library of Ottoman Studies. I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd.
3204:
Thomas Dallam; John Covel; James Theodore Bent (1893).
3062:. London; New York: George Routledge & Sons; Dutton
364:
approved its charter as part of her diplomacy with the
307:
with the purpose of regulating English trade with the
662:
Ships owned by the Levant Company from 1581 to 1640:
1375:
3100:
Pashas: Traders and Travellers in the Islamic World
2591:
2589:
2587:
2536:
On a wreath of the colours, a demi seahorse saliant
3138:Diplomatic Correspondence and Other Correspondence
2630:"The Turkey Merchants: Life in the Levant Company"
559:, wool and cotton cloth, the soft leathers called
3334:Trading companies established in the 16th century
455:, capable of making laws, under the title of the
3349:Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom
3300:
2901:
2584:
2498:Turkish opium was bought by the Levant Company.
570:, was much less considerable than that of the
3277:
3214:
2914:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 30β31.
586:; all the states of the "Grand Signior" (the
3037:Calendar of State Papers, Domestic 1547β1580
3030:Calendar of State Papers, Venetian 1581β1591
2874:
2660:http://www.levantineheritage.com/testi56.htm
2880:
2864:"Opium Throughout History: The Opium Kings"
3088:
2966:
2790:. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary.
1257:(nominated in first & second charters)
38:
2573:British foreign policy in the Middle East
3344:British companies disestablished in 1825
3254:
3116:
2994:
2908:Clifford Putney; Paul T. Burlin (2012).
2732:
2627:
2513:
2064:
498:
484:, etc. As the post of ambassador to the
220:Government of England (until 1 May 1707)
3218:Early Voyages And Travels In The Levant
3181:
3059:The Early History of the Levant Company
3055:
2843:
2814:The Early History of The Levant Company
2767:The early history of the Levant Company
2715:
2407:List of chaplains of the Levant Company
2061:Shipping numbers: Turkey and the Levant
446:
14:
3339:Organizations established in the 1590s
3301:
3140:. Vol. 2 vols. London: Heinemann.
3120:Queen Elizabeth and The Levant Company
3097:
2976:. T. C. & E. C. Jack. p. 436.
2650:Rymer, Foedera, viii, p. 732; Wood, p.
2604:
2423:Dissolution of Levant Company Act 1825
1668:Percy Clinton, 6th Viscount Strangford
3135:
2934:
2522:The arms of the Levant Company were:
1528:George Berkeley, 1st Earl of Berkeley
657:
261:Turkish, Levantine, Venetian littoral
27:English chartered company (1592β1825)
3261:Literature of Travel and Exploration
3170:
3144:
3078:Journal of European Economic History
3042:
543:. The more valuable returns were in
467:sent out the vessels, regulated the
3207:Works Issued by the Hakluyt Society
2719:The Successors of Drake (1596β1603)
590:), and the ports of the Levant and
159:Various across Europe and Near East
24:
3164:
2844:Forsyth, Mark (27 November 2013).
2069:Coat of arms of the Levant Company
535:, lead, black pepper, re-exported
44:Coat of arms of the Levant Company
25:
3370:
3151:. Oxford: Oxford University Press
1463:Heneage Finch, Earl of Winchilsea
1376:The ambassadors at Constantinople
2846:"The Turkey's Turkey Connection"
2495:came from the Turkey merchants.
2441:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2434:
1553:George Hay, 8th Earl of Kinnoull
3235:
3148:A History of the Levant Company
2995:Fawkener, W (19 October 1790).
2959:
2928:
2856:
2837:
2819:
2807:
2794:
2776:
2759:
2750:
2726:
2709:
1625:Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin
426:campaign, proving their worth.
406:but also from Spain during the
3329:1592 establishments in England
2988:
2935:Smith, Van (21 October 2014).
2804:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014).
2700:
2691:
2681:
2665:
2653:
2644:
2621:
2598:
1522:Sir James Rushout, 1st Baronet
13:
1:
3359:Economy of the Ottoman Empire
3171:Bent, James Theodore (1893).
3091:The Life of Stratford Canning
3075:
2983:
2628:Searight, Sarah (June 1966).
1277:(nominated in fourth charter)
3324:Defunct companies of England
3319:Trading companies of England
3263:. London: Fitzroy Dearborn.
2491:The name of the bird called
2400:
1818:
1680:
1270:(nominated in third charter)
1246:
7:
3354:Economic history of England
3236:Laidlaw, Christine (2010).
3093:. Vol. 2 vols. London.
2561:
2509:
1783:1722β1723 George Boddington
1620:(never took up appointment)
209:Joint-stock capital company
10:
3375:
3136:Paget, Sir Arthur (1896).
3022:
2968:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles
2716:Corbett, Julian S (1900).
2605:Mather, James (May 2011).
2518:Flag of the Levant Company
2476:
2416:United Kingdom legislation
2411:
2404:
1675:
322:
3102:. Yale University Press.
3045:English Historical Review
2827:"How Turkey Got Its Name"
2483:History of opium in China
2465:
2460:
2447:
2433:
2428:
2421:
352:When the charters of the
255:
243:
233:
213:
201:
189:
181:
173:
163:
153:
127:
116:
108:
97:
89:
72:
62:
49:
37:
3255:Paterson, James (2003).
3145:Wood, Alfred C. (1935).
2722:. Longmans. p. 297.
2578:
2049:factory closed 1791β1803
1997:1758β1758 Francis Browne
1657:Minister Plenipotentiary
1596:(ChargΓ© d'affaires only)
1584:(chargΓ© d'affaires only)
1566:(chargΓ© d'affaires only)
1506:(chargΓ© d'affaires only)
3117:Rosedale, H.G. (1904).
3089:Lans-Poole, S. (1833).
2973:The Book of Public Arms
2742:. Vol. 1. p.
1856:1596β1596 Thomas Sandys
3278:G. A. Russell (1994).
3221:. Read Books Limited.
3215:Thomas Dallam (2013).
3189:. London: Allen Lane.
3123:. London: Henry Frowde
3098:Mather, James (2009).
2607:"The Turkey Merchants"
2519:
2070:
1981:Nathaniel Micklethwait
1541:Edward Wortley-Montagu
1342:The Earl of Shaftsbury
516:
277:Elizabeth I of England
2542:The supporters were:
2517:
2068:
2025:1770β1783 John Abbott
1618:Francis James Jackson
502:
250:English/British Crown
169:Eastern Mediterranean
3056:Epstein, M. (1908).
2947:on 11 September 2016
2941:Baltimore City Paper
2881:M. Kienholz (2008).
1939:Gamaliel Nightingale
1880:(acting vice-consul)
1853:(acting vice-consul)
1559:Sir Everard Fawkener
1493:Sir William Trumbull
1421:John Chapman (agent)
1354:The Earl of Guilford
1330:The Earl of Carnavon
1318:Sir William Trumbull
1312:The Earl of Berkeley
1018:Merchant Bonaventure
973:Margaret Bonaventure
798:Elizabeth and Dorcas
447:Organisation in 1661
3314:Chartered companies
2833:. 23 November 2010.
2706:Willan 1955:405β07.
2568:Chartered companies
2534:. * The crest was:
1891:Bartholomew Haggatt
1632:(ChargΓ© d'affaires)
1614:(ChargΓ© d'affaires)
1517:William, Lord Paget
1481:James, Lord Chandos
1439:Sir Sackville Crowe
1336:The Earl De La Warr
1282:Sir Hugh Hammersley
592:Mediterranean Basin
507:of Turkey merchant
397:joint-stock company
235:Number of employees
155:Number of locations
67:International trade
34:
2850:The New York Times
2765:Mortimer Epstein,
2555:Deo reip et amicis
2520:
2071:
1993:Alexander Drummond
1963:William Pilkington
1601:Sir Robert Ainslie
1564:Stanhope Aspinwall
1499:Sir William Hussey
1487:Sir William Soames
1445:Sir Thomas Bendysh
1366:The Lord Grenville
1348:The Earl of Radnor
1300:Sir Andrew Riccard
1288:Sir Henry Garraway
1255:Sir Edward Osborne
1235:William and Thomas
1185:Thomas Bonaventure
1180:Thomas and William
833:George Bonaventure
793:Edward Bonaventure
658:Levantine shipping
572:East India Company
517:
185:Trade and commerce
32:
3228:978-1-4474-8322-9
2921:978-1-61097-640-4
2894:978-0-595-91078-6
2784:"Turkey-merchant"
2769:(1908) pp. 67β99
2475:
2474:
2429:Act of Parliament
2398:
2397:
1867:Richard Colthurst
1851:George Dorrington
1655:Stratford Canning
1643:Charles Arbuthnot
1630:Alexander Straton
1535:Sir Robert Sutton
1469:Sir Daniel Harvey
1402:Sir Thomas Glover
1360:The Duke of Leeds
1230:William and Ralph
883:Harry Bonaventure
437:English Civil War
362:Queen Elizabeth I
273:chartered company
265:
264:
197:Merchant shipping
93:11 September 1592
16:(Redirected from
3366:
3295:
3274:
3257:"Levant Company"
3251:
3232:
3211:
3200:
3178:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3094:
3085:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3039:
3032:
3000:
2978:
2977:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2943:. Archived from
2932:
2926:
2925:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2780:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2438:
2437:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2073:
2072:
2044:Michael de Vezin
1788:Francis Williams
1773:William Sherrard
1743:William Prideaux
1637:William Drummond
1530:(nominated only)
1524:(nominated only)
1456:Richard Lawrence
1452:(never sent out)
1384:William Harborne
1268:Sir Thomas Smith
1266:1600β1600
1260:1592β1592
1253:1581β1592
1225:William and John
808:Elizabeth Stoaks
803:Elizabeth Cocken
678:Alice and Thomas
408:1585 to 1604 war
347:William Harborne
275:formed in 1592.
206:
194:
42:
35:
31:
21:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3299:
3298:
3292:
3271:
3248:
3229:
3197:
3167:
3165:Further reading
3154:
3152:
3126:
3124:
3110:
3065:
3063:
3035:
3028:
3025:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2965:As recorded in
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2842:
2838:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:Despina Vlami,
2799:
2795:
2788:Fine Dictionary
2782:
2781:
2777:
2764:
2760:
2756:Eysturlid, 1993
2755:
2751:
2731:
2727:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2675:Jesus of LΓΌbeck
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2626:
2622:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2564:
2512:
2485:
2479:Old China Trade
2443:
2435:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2063:
2058:
2002:William Kinloch
1945:Thomas Metcalfe
1933:Benjamin Lannoy
1915:John Wandesford
1827:William Barrett
1821:
1816:
1794:Thomas Carleton
1737:Spencer Bretton
1725:Edward Stringer
1689:William Markham
1683:
1678:
1673:
1582:William Kinloch
1577:Henry Grenville
1547:Abraham Stanyan
1511:William Harbord
1433:Sir Peter Wyche
1378:
1370:
1324:The Lord Onslow
1294:Isaac Penington
1275:Sir Thomas Lowe
1249:
1244:
1240:William Fortune
1195:Toby of Harwich
1165:Suzanne Parnell
978:Marget and John
713:Barque Reynolds
688:Aleppo Merchant
660:
582:; the state of
505:Turkish costume
449:
404:Barbary pirates
330:Venetian empire
325:
317:Turkey Merchant
305:William Garrard
283:(1583) and the
271:was an English
236:
229:
202:
190:
166:
156:
149:
85:
45:
28:
23:
22:
18:Turkey merchant
15:
12:
11:
5:
3372:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Levant Company
3297:
3296:
3290:
3275:
3269:
3252:
3247:978-1848853355
3246:
3233:
3227:
3212:
3210:. The Society.
3201:
3196:978-0241004029
3195:
3183:Brotton, Jerry
3179:
3177:. B. Franklin.
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3142:
3133:
3114:
3109:978-0300170917
3108:
3095:
3086:
3073:
3053:
3040:
3033:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2958:
2927:
2920:
2900:
2893:
2873:
2855:
2836:
2818:
2806:
2793:
2775:
2758:
2749:
2734:Anderson, Adam
2725:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2680:
2664:
2652:
2643:
2620:
2597:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2547:
2511:
2508:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2405:Main article:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1987:Arthur Pollard
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1957:George Brandon
1953:
1951:Henry Hastings
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1921:Edward Bernard
1917:
1911:
1905:
1903:Edward Kirkham
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1833:James Toverson
1829:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1800:Samuel Crawley
1796:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1719:Edward Bernard
1715:
1709:
1703:
1701:Lawrence Green
1697:
1695:William Salter
1691:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1475:Sir John Finch
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1450:Richard Salway
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1427:Sir Thomas Roe
1423:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1262:Richard Staper
1258:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1105:Royal Merchant
1102:
1100:Royal Exchange
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
664:
659:
656:
588:Ottoman Sultan
580:Gulf of Venice
513:Constantinople
509:Francis Levett
482:Constantinople
448:
445:
424:Spanish Armada
381:Constantinople
366:Ottoman Empire
358:Turkey Company
354:Venice Company
324:
321:
309:Ottoman Empire
297:Richard Staper
293:Edward Osborne
289:Ottoman Empire
285:Turkey Company
281:Venice Company
269:Levant Company
263:
262:
259:
253:
252:
247:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
228:
227:
224:
221:
217:
215:
211:
210:
207:
199:
198:
195:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
148:
147:
138:
131:
129:
125:
124:
122:Board of Trade
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
103:Edward Osborne
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
84:
83:
82:Turkey Company
80:
79:Venice Company
76:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
51:
47:
46:
43:
33:Levant Company
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3371:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3293:
3291:90-04-09888-7
3287:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3122:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2962:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2890:
2887:. iUniverse.
2886:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2684:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2634:History Today
2631:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2611:History Today
2608:
2601:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:Two seahorses
2541:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2516:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2427:
2420:
2408:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:Inward Ships
2081:
2079:Outward Ships
2078:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:Charles Smith
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:Charles Smith
2017:
2015:
2014:William Clark
2011:
2009:
2008:Henry Preston
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:Thomas Potton
1906:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:Libby Chapman
1894:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:James Hawarde
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1845:Michael Locke
1842:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1812:Francis Werry
1809:
1807:
1806:Anthony Hayes
1803:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1749:Richard Baker
1746:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1707:James Higgins
1704:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1662:Robert Liston
1659:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:Spencer Smith
1610:
1608:
1607:Robert Liston
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:Anthony Hayes
1592:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:Sir John Eyre
1411:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1390:Edward Barton
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:John Jolliffe
1303:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Royal Defence
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Little George
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:Great Suzanne
856:
854:
853:Great Phoenix
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
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629:
628:Civitavecchia
625:
621:
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489:
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486:Sublime Porte
483:
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427:
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379:, as well as
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145:Ottoman Syria
142:
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3280:
3260:
3237:
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3206:
3186:
3173:
3153:. Retrieved
3147:
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3119:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3077:
3064:. Retrieved
3058:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3029:
2996:
2972:
2961:
2949:. Retrieved
2945:the original
2940:
2930:
2910:
2903:
2883:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2766:
2761:
2752:
2738:
2728:
2718:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2688:1955:400ff.)
2683:
2673:
2667:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2554:
2543:
2535:
2523:
2521:
2504:Astor family
2500:
2497:
2490:
2486:
2471:10 June 1825
2467:Royal assent
2386:
2373:
2360:
2347:
2334:
2321:
2308:
2295:
2282:
2269:
2256:
2243:
2230:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2100:
2087:
2046:(pro-consul)
2039:(pro-consul)
2032:(pro-consul)
2022:(pro-consul)
1969:John Purnell
1871:
1767:William Raye
1755:William Cave
1713:John Freeman
1649:Robert Adair
1571:James Porter
1458:(agent only)
1371:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1205:Trinity Bear
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
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987:
982:
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962:
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952:
947:
942:
937:
933:John Francis
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
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847:
843:Golden Noble
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
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807:
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797:
792:
787:
782:
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772:
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683:Alice Thomas
682:
677:
672:
667:
661:
594:; excepting
565:
522:
518:
503:Portrait in
490:
465:
456:
453:body politic
450:
434:
428:
401:
370:
351:
326:
316:
301:Thomas Smith
284:
268:
266:
204:Total equity
192:Total assets
128:Headquarters
50:Company type
29:
2989:Manuscripts
2530:cross gules
2054:John Barker
1927:Henry Riley
1885:Paul Pindar
1861:Ralph Fitch
1839:John Eldred
1761:Paul Rycaut
1589:John Murray
1504:Thomas Coke
1408:Paul Pindar
1396:Henry Lello
1003:Mary Martin
838:Gift of God
626:(Leghorn),
515:, 1737β1750
494:janissaries
435:During the
342:Elizabeth I
165:Area served
112:19 May 1825
73:Predecessor
3303:Categories
3270:1579584241
3155:23 October
3127:23 October
3066:23 October
2984:References
2831:Now I Know
2549:The Latin
2477:See also:
2052:1803β1825
2042:1786β1791
2035:1784β1786
2030:David Hays
2028:1783β1784
2018:1770β1772
2012:1768β1770
2006:1766β1768
2000:1759β1766
1991:1751β1758
1985:1745β1751
1979:1740β1745
1975:Nevil Coke
1973:1727β1740
1967:1716β1726
1961:1707β1715
1955:1701β1706
1949:1689β1701
1943:1686β1689
1937:1672β1686
1931:1659β1672
1925:1649β1659
1919:1638β1649
1913:1630β1638
1907:1627β1630
1901:1621β1627
1895:1616β1621
1889:1610β1616
1883:1606β1610
1865:1597β1597
1859:1596β1597
1843:1592β1594
1837:1586β1586
1831:1586β1586
1825:1580β1586
1810:1794β1825
1804:1762β1794
1798:1742β1762
1792:1741β1742
1786:1733β1741
1779:John Cooke
1777:1716β1722
1771:1703β1716
1765:1677β1703
1759:1667β1677
1753:1661β1667
1747:1660β1661
1741:1659β1660
1735:1649β1657
1731:John Wilde
1729:1644β1649
1723:1638β1643
1717:1635β1638
1711:1634β1635
1705:1633β1634
1699:1630β1633
1693:1624β1630
1687:1611β1624
1666:1820β1824
1660:1812β1820
1653:1810β1812
1647:1809β1810
1641:1804β1807
1635:1803β1804
1623:1799β1803
1605:1794β1795
1599:1775β1794
1587:1765β1775
1575:1761β1765
1569:1746β1762
1557:1735β1746
1551:1729β1736
1545:1717β1730
1539:1716β1718
1533:1700β1717
1515:1692β1702
1509:1691β1692
1497:1690β1691
1491:1686β1691
1485:1684β1686
1479:1680β1687
1473:1672β1681
1467:1668β1672
1461:1668β1672
1443:1647β1661
1437:1633β1647
1431:1627β1638
1425:1621β1628
1419:1621β1622
1416:(or Ayres)
1412:1619β1621
1406:1611β1620
1400:1606β1611
1394:1597β1607
1388:1588β1597
1382:1582β1588
1364:1799β1821
1358:1792β1799
1352:1776β1792
1346:1772β1776
1340:1766β1772
1334:1736β1766
1328:1718β1735
1322:1710β1718
1316:1696β1709
1310:1673β1695
1304:1672β1673
1298:1654β1672
1292:1643β1653
1286:1634β1643
1280:1623β1634
1273:1605β1623
1220:White Hind
1120:Salutation
1115:Salamander
1085:Resolution
1053:Providence
1048:Prosperous
998:Mary Coust
863:Greenfield
823:Experience
708:Bark Burre
698:Anne Frane
612:Marseilles
568:Δ°skenderun
525:shortcloth
441:Charles II
385:Alexandria
3284:. Brill.
2951:29 August
2526:two rocks
2401:Chaplains
1819:At Aleppo
1681:At Smyrna
1247:Governors
1190:Thomasine
1125:Samaritan
1033:Peregrine
1013:Mayflower
1008:Mary Rose
993:Mary Anne
848:Grayhound
718:Centurion
703:Ascension
604:Barcelona
596:Cartagena
578:, in the
561:maroquins
537:cochineal
373:factories
257:Divisions
137:, England
57:chartered
3185:(2016).
2970:(1915).
2736:(1764).
2562:See also
2510:Heraldry
2493:'turkey'
2454:6 Geo. 4
2449:Citation
1075:Red Lion
1070:Recovery
1043:Primrose
983:Marigold
968:Margaret
908:The Jane
903:Industry
893:Hercules
813:Elnathan
758:Cosklett
728:Cherubim
608:Valencia
600:Alicante
545:raw silk
393:monopoly
356:and the
311:and the
182:Services
174:Products
63:Industry
3023:Sources
2870:. 1998.
2456:. c. 33
2412:Decline
1676:Consuls
1215:Unicorn
1210:Triumph
1200:Trinity
1170:Swallow
1160:Suzanne
1155:Solomon
1150:Society
1140:Saphire
1130:Sampson
1090:Roebuck
1065:Rebecca
1059:Rainbow
1038:Phoenix
1028:Paragon
948:Lanavit
938:Jollian
898:Husband
873:Gyllyon
828:Freeman
818:Emanuel
778:Diamond
768:Delight
763:Darling
753:Consent
748:Concord
738:Clement
723:Charity
668:Alathia
652:Corsica
648:Menorca
644:Majorca
636:Messina
632:Palermo
624:Livorno
557:camlets
531:, tin,
529:kerseys
474:consuls
461:consign
430:James I
323:History
109:Defunct
98:Founder
90:Founded
3288:
3267:
3244:
3225:
3193:
3106:
2918:
2891:
2771:online
1872:vacant
1175:Teagre
1145:Scipio
1135:Samuel
1080:Report
1023:Mignon
963:London
888:Hector
783:Dragon
773:Desire
733:Christ
673:Alcede
650:, and
616:Toulon
584:Ragusa
576:Venice
549:indigo
533:pewter
478:Smyrna
469:tariff
389:Smyrna
377:Aleppo
313:Levant
245:Parent
141:Aleppo
135:London
54:Public
2579:Notes
2553:was:
2551:motto
2461:Dates
1876:1606
1849:1596
1110:Saker
953:Lewis
943:Jonas
918:Jewel
913:Jesus
878:Harry
868:Guest
788:Eagle
693:Angel
640:Malta
620:Genoa
553:galls
541:Cadiz
334:Chios
239:6,000
214:Owner
3286:ISBN
3265:ISBN
3242:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3191:ISBN
3157:2017
3129:2017
3104:ISBN
3084:(3).
3068:2017
2953:2016
2916:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2640:(6).
2617:(5).
2481:and
2387:1830
2374:1829
2361:1828
2355:101
2348:1827
2342:109
2335:1826
2329:167
2322:1825
2316:138
2309:1824
2296:1823
2283:1822
2270:1821
2257:1820
2244:1819
2231:1818
2218:1817
2205:1816
2192:1815
2179:1814
2166:1806
2153:1805
2140:1804
2127:1803
2114:1802
2101:1801
2088:1800
2076:Year
988:Mary
928:John
743:Cock
527:and
480:and
476:for
420:1591
416:1590
412:1586
387:and
303:and
267:The
117:Fate
101:Sir
2868:PBS
2744:468
2394:95
2381:73
2368:93
2313:122
2303:87
2290:53
2277:53
2264:90
2251:53
2238:87
2225:45
2212:26
2199:44
2186:44
2173:18
2160:16
2147:13
2134:27
2121:19
2095:14
923:Job
338:cog
3305::
3259:.
3082:22
3080:.
3047:.
2939:.
2866:.
2848:.
2829:.
2786:.
2773:.
2638:16
2636:.
2632:.
2615:61
2613:.
2609:.
2586:^
2538:.
2506:.
2391:95
2378:74
2365:45
2352:61
2339:79
2326:95
2300:40
2287:34
2274:31
2261:50
2248:40
2235:29
2222:21
2209:18
2196:13
2183:18
2118:18
2108:7
2105:10
646:,
642:,
638:,
634:,
630:,
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
598:,
555:,
551:,
418:,
414:,
383:,
368:.
319:.
299:,
295:,
143:,
3294:.
3273:.
3250:.
3231:.
3199:.
3159:.
3131:.
3112:.
3070:.
3051:.
3049:5
2999:.
2955:.
2924:.
2897:.
2852:.
2746:.
2557:.
2546:.
2170:1
2157:6
2144:1
2131:9
2092:6
1670:.
20:)
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