143:
3009:
2930:
2962:
2898:
1030:
894:
854:
338:
183:
811:
2993:
219:
3944:
291:
2914:
758:. The Evens are very closely related to the Evenks by language and culture, and they likewise inhabit various parts of eastern Siberia. People who classify themselves as Evenks in the Russian census tend to live toward the west and toward the south of eastern Siberia, whereas people who classify themselves as Evens tend to live toward the east and toward the north of eastern Siberia, with some degree of overlap in the middle (notably, in certain parts of
2977:
354:
273:
255:
36:
666:
2946:
1218:
1186:
1158:
1122:
1094:
1062:
994:
962:
926:
322:
201:
237:
746:. (Evenks and Evens are also grouped as "Evenic". Their ethnonyms are only distinguished by a different suffix - -n for Even and -nkī for Evenkī; endonymically, they even use the same adjective for themselves - ǝwǝdī, meaning "Even" in the Even language and "Evenkī" in the Evenkī language.) The Evenks live in the
602:
Tungusic people on the Amur river like Udeghe, Ulchi and Nanai adopted
Chinese influences in their religion and clothing with Chinese dragons on ceremonial robes, scroll and spiral bird and monster mask designs, Chinese New Year, using silk and cotton, iron cooking pots, and heated homes from China.
3962:
Sukernik, Rem I.; Volodko, Natalia V.; Mazunin, Ilya O.; Eltsov, Nikolai P.; Dryomov, Stanislav V.; Starikovskaya, Elena B. (2012). "Mitochondrial Genome
Diversity in the Tubalar, Even, and Ulchi: Contribution to Prehistory of Native Siberians and Their Affinities to Native Americans".
1279:, compared to with other Tungusic peoples. The Manchu were therefore an exception to the coherent genetic structure of Tungusic-speaking populations, likely due to the large-scale population migrations and genetic admixtures with the Han Chinese in the past few hundred years.
3332:
Wang, Chuan-Chao; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Popov, Alexander N.; Zhang, Hu-Qin; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Sirak, Kendra; Cheronet, Olivia; Kovalev, Alexey; Rohland, Nadin; Kim, Alexander M.; Mallick, Swapan; Bernardos, Rebecca; Tumen, Dashtseveg; Zhao, Jing; Liu, Yi-Chang (2021-03-18).
641:
The southern
Tungusic Manchu farming sedentary lifestyle was very different from the nomadic hunter gatherer forager lifestyle of their more northern Tungusic relatives like the Warka, which left the Qing state to attempt to make them sedentarize and farm like Manchus.
1264:) as a part of the hypothetical Altaic language family. However, recent data contradicts this because while West Liao River ancestry was found among the "macro-Altaic" Koreans and Japanese, it was absent among the "micro-Altaic" Tungusic and Mongolic populations.
4071:
1260:
Previous studies argued for a potential shared ancestry between
Tungusic, Mongolic, Turkic, Koreanic, and Japonic populations via Neolithic agriculturalist societies from Northeast China (e.g. the
1257:, which however have significant West Eurasian admixture. Tungusic peoples display the highest genetic affinity to Ancient Northeast Asians, represented by c. 7,000 and 13,000 year old specimens.
3569:
Xue, Yali; Zerjal, Tatiana; Bao, Weidong; Zhu, Suling; Shu, Qunfang; Xu, Jiujin; Du, Ruofu; Fu, Songbin; Li, Pu; Hurles, Matthew E.; Yang, Huanming; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2005).
3271:
Bradley, David. 2007. East and
Southeast Asia. In R. E. Asher & Christopher Moseley (eds.), Atlas of the world’s languages, 2nd edn., 159–209. London & New York:
3891:
Zhang, Xianpeng; He, Guanglin; Li, Wenhui; Wang, Yunfeng; Li, Xin; Chen, Ying; Qu, Quanying; Wang, Ying; Xi, Huanjiu; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Wen, Youfeng (2021-09-30).
649:
was expanding east across
Siberia, and into Tungusic-speaking lands, resulting in early border skirmishes with the Qing dynasty of China, leading up to the 1689
4001:; Osakovsky, Vladimir; Novgorodov, Innokentiy; Makarov, Sergey; Spitsyn, Victor; Butthof, Anne; Crawford, Michael; Wiebe, Victor; Whitten, Mark (2013-12-12).
3398:
Zhang, Xianpeng; He, Guanglin; Li, Wenhui; Wang, Yunfeng; Li, Xin; Chen, Ying; Qu, Quanying; Wang, Ying; Xi, Huanjiu; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Wen, Youfeng (2021).
3047:
790:
and may be considered as subgroups of the Evenk ethnicity, though the Solons and the
Khamnigans in particular have interacted closely with Mongolic peoples (
4221:
1393:
4003:"Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers"
3875:(2019), "Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia."
3656:"Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers"
4180:
3008:
2897:
3640:
2458:
283 samples from a mtDNA study of
Tungusic Evenks, Evens, and Udeges in Russia published in 2013, their main mtDNA haplogroups are :
4098:
3287:"Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity"
3715:"Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia"
2961:
3772:
Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Khoyt, Sanj; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Zakharov, Ilya (2013).
3517:
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi (2006).
2992:
653:. The first published description of a Tungusic people to reach beyond Russia into the rest of Europe was by the Dutch traveler
100:
1241:
Full genome analyses on
Northern East Asian populations, including Tungusic peoples, revealed them to descend primarily from
72:
142:
3285:
He, Guang-Lin; Wang, Meng-Ge; Zou, Xing; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Liu, Chang-Hui; Liu, Chao; Chen, Gang; Wang, Chuan-Chao (2023).
79:
3239:
3212:
2929:
587:
The
Tungusic expansion into Siberia displaced the indigenous Siberian languages, which are now grouped under the term
119:
53:
707:
and have been conquered by the expanding Manchu (Jurchen). Their language is mutually intelligible with Manchu. The
4300:
599:
in Central, East and Southeast Europe were of Tungusic origin or of partially Tungusic origin (as a ruling class).
86:
4295:
3621:
4091:
3185:
57:
3893:"Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China"
3400:"Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China"
2913:
560:'Tungusic'). This "chance similarity in modern pronunciation led to the once widely held assumption that the
398:
68:
2976:
623:
3035:
2246:
2006:
1936:
1650:
1578:
1508:
1438:
689:
627:
4290:
4084:
3234:. Studies in Environment and History (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 90.
3120:
Balanovska, E. V.; et al. (2018). "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population".
1295:
as well as other Northeastern Asian populations. Their primarily haplogroup is associated with the
1288:
482:
3231:
Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain: Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China's Borderlands
3093:
1242:
46:
472:
3254:
1414:
1409:
747:
17:
3175:
673:"Tungusic" (Manchu-Tungus) peoples are divided into two main branches: northern and southern.
93:
3229:
3202:
3062:
872:
779:
390:
4014:
3826:
3726:
3667:
3346:
2945:
2873:
2832:
2817:
2776:
2760:
2706:
2652:
2532:
2478:
2442:
2426:
2410:
2394:
2379:
2364:
2349:
2334:
2319:
2304:
1196:
1168:
1132:
1104:
1072:
1040:
1012:
972:
936:
908:
3948:
3943:
3571:"Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times"
3519:"Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes"
8:
1245:, with varying degrees of admixture associated with agriculturalist populations from the
810:
650:
421:
4018:
3830:
3730:
3671:
3350:
3286:
3155:
Helimski, E. (2004). "Die Sprache(n) der Awaren: Die mandschu-tungusische Alternative".
4045:
4002:
3998:
3927:
3892:
3849:
3814:
3749:
3714:
3690:
3655:
3634:
3597:
3570:
3434:
3399:
3375:
3334:
3314:
3137:
2148:
2076:
1864:
1790:
1720:
441:
417:
394:
347:
311:
3623:Структура и филогеография генофонда коренного населения Сибири по маркерам Y-хромосомы
3483:
3458:
715:
are an offshoot of the Nanai. Other minor groups closely related to the Nanai are the
572:
It is generally suggested that the homeland of the Tungusic people is in northeastern
4225:
4050:
4032:
3980:
3932:
3914:
3854:
3795:
3754:
3695:
3602:
3540:
3488:
3439:
3421:
3380:
3362:
3318:
3306:
3235:
3208:
3181:
1419:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1355:
1348:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1271:, the largest Tungusic-speaking population, displays increased genetic affinity with
1261:
1228:
1200:
1136:
1076:
1008:
976:
940:
646:
3813:
Di Cristofaro, J; Pennarun, E; Mazières, S; Myres, NM; Lin, AA; et al. (2013).
3141:
657:
in 1612. He passed along information from Russian reports after his stay in Moscow.
4040:
4022:
3972:
3922:
3904:
3844:
3834:
3785:
3744:
3734:
3685:
3675:
3592:
3582:
3530:
3478:
3470:
3429:
3411:
3370:
3354:
3298:
3180:(illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 214.
3129:
2904:
1360:
1292:
1250:
864:
619:
581:
532:
517:
457:
425:
413:
331:
315:
4027:
3839:
3680:
876:
732:
693:
615:
592:
3587:
4229:
4216:
3654:
Duggan, AT; Whitten, M; Wiebe, V; Crawford, M; Butthof, A; et al. (2013).
3358:
3260:
2254:
1254:
783:
759:
755:
728:
681:
596:
3909:
3535:
3518:
3416:
3133:
4284:
4239:
4233:
4188:
4133:
4036:
3918:
3739:
3425:
3366:
3310:
2936:
2273:
2245:
The maternal haplogroups of Tungusic peoples are primarily shared with other
2000:
1930:
1858:
1784:
1308:
1268:
1019:
843:
767:
738:
The northern branch is mostly formed by the closely related ethnic groups of
704:
677:
607:
588:
538:
507:
503:
296:
3879:
564:
were Tungusic in language. However, there is little basis for this theory."
4249:
4202:
4155:
4150:
4128:
4054:
3984:
3936:
3858:
3799:
3758:
3699:
3606:
3544:
3492:
3443:
3384:
3081:
2983:
2277:
2262:
1714:
1246:
1111:
1083:
983:
802:), and they are ethnographically quite distinct from the Evenks in Russia.
771:
724:
720:
708:
685:
3459:"The dual origin and Siberian affinities of Native American Y chromosomes"
3177:
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990
3157:
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies
412:
The Tungusic language family is divided into two main branches, Northern (
4259:
4254:
4244:
4196:
3790:
3774:"Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels"
3773:
2967:
2269:
2142:
2070:
1272:
1051:
883:
795:
716:
712:
700:
654:
631:
148:
1287:
Tungusic peoples display primarily paternal haplogroups associated with
3976:
3713:
Fedorova, Sardana A; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; et al. (2013).
3335:"Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia"
1304:
1207:
584:
suggests a date for the Micro-Altaic expansion predating 3500 BC.
577:
561:
3302:
1315:. 29/97 = 29.9% C-M86 in a sample of Mongols from northwest Mongolia,
1303:, which was found in Neolithic Northeastern Asian societies along the
4208:
3815:"Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge"
3272:
2250:
1249:
region. Tungusic peoples display their highest genetic affinity with
611:
573:
373:
3457:
Lell JT, Sukernik RI, Starikovskaya YB, et al. (January 2002).
3078:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition
35:
4138:
4076:
3997:
3474:
2999:
1147:
1140:
1044:
1004:
944:
904:
868:
787:
775:
763:
406:
377:
359:
278:
3812:
665:
440:
is artificial, and properly refers just to the linguistic family (
4144:
1276:
799:
791:
260:
2249:. Maternal haplogroup diversity seems to reflect some amount of
4164:
4123:
3030:
3025:
2952:
2920:
1572:
1502:
1432:
1223:
1191:
1163:
1127:
1099:
1067:
999:
967:
931:
915:
751:
739:
464:
460:
327:
224:
206:
156:
3771:
696:
being moribund, with 20 native speakers reported as of 2007).
4172:
4118:
2281:
1644:
1307:
and widespreaded throughout Siberia. An exception are modern
1175:
1035:
951:
899:
859:
743:
635:
402:
343:
242:
188:
3961:
3207:. Contemporary Chinese Studies. UBC Press. pp. 68, 69.
2268:
According to a total of 29 sample from the mtDNA studies of
703:
were possibly a Tungusic-speaking section of the (Mongolic)
762:). Minor ethnic groups also in the northern branch are the
3653:
1299:
clade and its subclades. The other dominant haplogroup is
1253:, but also share varying degrees of genetic affinity with
510:, has its origin from the Tungus people (Evenks). Russian
3947: This article incorporates text available under the
3456:
754:
in addition to many parts of eastern Siberia, especially
502:, a region of eastern Siberia bounded on the west by the
520:
3712:
3516:
2608:(observed only in the sample of Evens from Kamchatka)
626:
in the 17th century, they have been almost completely
531:), although some scholars prefer derivation from the
688:were Manchu, and the Manchu group has largely been
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2265:(Iranian, Turkic, Mongolic peoples) on the other.
3331:
3204:Empire and Environment in the Making of Manchuria
4282:
3806:
526:
3568:
711:(Goldi) are also derived from the Jurchen. The
3765:
2437:All 4 samples found only in the Hezhen people
525:(literally, 'wild pig, boar', from Old Turkic
4092:
3890:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3397:
3259:Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 4. By
3070:
669:Tunguska rivers, forming the western boundary
555:
550:
544:
536:
511:
490:
475:in the 1850s, based on earlier use of German
451:
445:
3955:
3871:Natalia Balinova, Helen Post, Siiri Rootsi,
3865:
3706:
3284:
3064:The Languages of the Seat of War in the East
580:region. Genetic evidence collected from the
476:
3613:
4099:
4085:
3647:
3639:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3499:
3119:
141:
4044:
4026:
3965:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
3926:
3908:
3880:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0
3848:
3838:
3789:
3748:
3738:
3689:
3679:
3596:
3586:
3534:
3482:
3433:
3415:
3374:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3450:
3154:
3082:https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Tungus
2261:) on the one hand and peoples living in
809:
676:The southern branch is dominated by the
664:
3619:
3551:
3173:
3050:, Leksikon naroda sveta, Beograd, 2001.
2771:(observed only in the sample of Udege)
2240:
1848:R1-M173(xP25, M73, M269, SRY10831b)=1.9
1282:
397:(or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are
14:
4283:
2421:Found 1 in 9 (11.11%) samples of Xibo
2405:Found 1 in 10 (10%) samples of Oroqen
1236:
814:Distribution of the Tungusic languages
4080:
3620:Харьков, Владимир Николаевич (2012).
3227:
3200:
3080:. (2011). Retrieved May 2, 2019 from
3056:
630:into the language and culture of the
4106:
3291:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
3115:
3113:
3014:A Manchu man in traditional clothing
824:List of the modern Tungusic peoples
591:. Several theories suggest that the
175:Regions with significant populations
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
24:
3877:European Journal of Human Genetics
1311:which display higher frequency of
25:
4312:
4065:
3110:
3095:The Collected Works of M. A. Czap
624:establishment of the Qing dynasty
3942:
3007:
2991:
2975:
2960:
2944:
2928:
2912:
2896:
1327:Haplogroups (values in percent)
1216:
1184:
1156:
1120:
1092:
1060:
1028:
992:
960:
924:
892:
852:
660:
352:
336:
320:
289:
271:
253:
235:
217:
199:
181:
34:
4072:Manchu Tungusic people of China
3991:
3884:
3391:
3325:
3278:
3265:
3248:
2253:with peoples living around the
2229:(xC-M130, DE-YAP, J-12f2, K-M9)
1291:, and display high affinity to
805:
45:needs additional citations for
3221:
3194:
3167:
3148:
3101:
3086:
2903:Portrait of a Tungusic man by
444:). It is derived from Russian
13:
1:
3257:Asia in the Making of Europe,
3041:
645:During the 17th century, the
372:Various religions (including
4028:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
3840:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
3681:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
3092:Marie Antoinette Czaplicka,
549:, 'Eastern Barbarians', cf.
7:
3588:10.1534/genetics.105.054270
3201:Smith, Norman, ed. (2017).
3122:Russian Journal of Genetics
3036:Sinicization of the Manchus
3019:
2986:family (early 20th century)
2062:K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)=3.2
1922:K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)=2.9
1564:K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)=3.8
735:in the Russian Federation.
551:
537:
512:
467:(Ewenki). English usage of
446:
10:
4317:
4200:(controversial, including
3359:10.1038/s41586-021-03336-2
3107:Pulleyblank (1983), p. 452
2889:
1326:
567:
393:formed by the speakers of
155:(land of the Tungus, i.e.
4268:
4114:
3910:10.3389/fgene.2021.754492
3778:Journal of Human Genetics
3536:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0
3417:10.3389/fgene.2021.754492
3134:10.1134/s1022795418100046
2970:military colonists (1885)
2721:A4(xA2a, A2b1, A8, A12a)
2257:(Koryaks, Nivkhs, Ainus,
823:
556:
545:
491:
452:
420:) and Southern Tungusic (
371:
366:
310:
305:
287:
269:
251:
233:
215:
197:
179:
174:
169:
164:
140:
3740:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127
3719:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3228:Bello, David A. (2016).
1289:Ancient Northeast Asians
1243:Ancient Northeast Asians
727:. The Udege live in the
483:Heinrich Julius Klaproth
4301:Ethnic groups in Russia
3174:Forsyth, James (1994).
622:. Following the Manchu
527:
521:
506:and on the east by the
495:'Tunguso-Manchurian').
485:. The alternative term
431:
4296:Ethnic groups in China
4273:indicate extinct group
1920:DE-YAP(xE-SRY4064)=2.9
818:Tungusic peoples are:
815:
778:inhabit some parts of
748:Evenk Autonomous Okrug
670:
516:was likely taken from
477:
3897:Frontiers in Genetics
3404:Frontiers in Genetics
3067:, by Max Müller, 1855
2919:The Manchu people in
873:Chinese folk religion
813:
780:Heilongjiang Province
668:
610:originally came from
576:, somewhere near the
391:ethnolinguistic group
27:Ethnolinguistic group
3791:10.1038/jhg.2013.108
3629:(in Russian). Tomsk.
2247:Northern East Asians
2241:Maternal haplogroups
1283:Paternal haplogroups
492:Тунгусо-маньчжурские
473:Friedrich Max Müller
54:improve this article
4019:2013PLoSO...883570D
3999:Pakendorf, Brigitte
3831:2013PLoSO...876748D
3731:2013BMCEE..13..127F
3672:2013PLoSO...883570D
3351:2021Natur.591..413W
2134:J1-M267(xP58)=1.9%
1237:Population genomics
651:Treaty of Nerchinsk
137:
3977:10.1002/ajpa.22050
1850:J-12f2(xM172)=1.9
1636:J2-M172(xM12)=2.1
816:
671:
471:was introduced by
442:Tungusic languages
395:Tungusic languages
312:Tungusic languages
170:Approx. 11 million
135:
69:"Tungusic peoples"
4278:
4277:
4226:Jianzhou Jurchens
4222:Five state tribes
3463:Am. J. Hum. Genet
3345:(7850): 413–419.
3303:10.1111/jse.12827
3128:(10): 1245–1253.
2887:
2886:
2667:Z1a(xZ1a1, Z1a2)
2456:
2455:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2007:Northern Tungusic
1937:Northern Tungusic
1651:Northern Tungusic
1579:Northern Tungusic
1509:Northern Tungusic
1439:Northern Tungusic
1313:Haplogroup O-M122
1301:Haplogroup N-M231
1262:Liao civilization
1234:
1233:
1229:Russian Orthodoxy
1201:Russian Orthodoxy
1137:Russian Orthodoxy
1077:Russian Orthodoxy
1009:Russian Orthodoxy
977:Russian Orthodoxy
941:Russian Orthodoxy
877:Roman Catholicism
647:Tsardom of Russia
399:native to Siberia
384:
383:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4308:
4291:Tungusic peoples
4108:Tungusic peoples
4101:
4094:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4030:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3959:
3953:
3946:
3940:
3930:
3912:
3888:
3882:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3752:
3742:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3638:
3630:
3628:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3590:
3581:(4): 2431–2439.
3566:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3514:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3419:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3263:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3117:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3090:
3084:
3074:
3068:
3060:
3048:Mile Nedeljković
3011:
3002:, Siberia (1914)
2995:
2979:
2964:
2948:
2932:
2916:
2905:Carl Peter Mazer
2900:
2461:
2460:
2287:
2286:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2137:Balanovska 2018
1318:
1317:
1293:Mongolic peoples
1251:Mongolic peoples
1222:
1220:
1219:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1034:
1032:
1031:
998:
996:
995:
966:
964:
963:
930:
928:
927:
898:
896:
895:
865:Manchu shamanism
858:
856:
855:
821:
820:
620:Russian Far East
582:Ulchsky District
559:
558:
554:
548:
547:
542:
530:
524:
515:
494:
493:
489:is also in use (
480:
455:
454:
449:
387:Tungusic peoples
358:
356:
355:
342:
340:
339:
332:Mandarin Chinese
326:
324:
323:
295:
293:
292:
277:
275:
274:
259:
257:
256:
241:
239:
238:
223:
221:
220:
205:
203:
202:
187:
185:
184:
165:Total population
145:
138:
136:Tungusic peoples
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4264:
4192:(controversial)
4184:(controversial)
4176:(controversial)
4168:(controversial)
4110:
4105:
4068:
4063:
4062:
3996:
3992:
3960:
3956:
3889:
3885:
3870:
3866:
3811:
3807:
3784:(12): 804–811.
3770:
3766:
3711:
3707:
3652:
3648:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3567:
3552:
3515:
3500:
3455:
3451:
3396:
3392:
3330:
3326:
3283:
3279:
3270:
3266:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3153:
3149:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3091:
3087:
3076:Tungus. (n.d.)
3075:
3071:
3061:
3057:
3044:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3003:
2996:
2987:
2980:
2971:
2965:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2933:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2901:
2892:
2874:Haplogroup F1b1
2243:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2207:P-92R7(xR1a-SRY
2205:
2133:
1921:
1849:
1847:
1706:I2a1-P37.2=3.2
1635:
1285:
1239:
1217:
1215:
1185:
1183:
1157:
1155:
1121:
1119:
1093:
1091:
1061:
1059:
1029:
1027:
993:
991:
961:
959:
925:
923:
893:
891:
853:
851:
808:
733:Khabarovsk Krai
694:Manchu language
663:
616:Northeast China
614:, which is now
593:Pannonian Avars
570:
504:Tunguska rivers
434:
353:
351:
337:
335:
321:
319:
290:
288:
272:
270:
254:
252:
236:
234:
218:
216:
200:
198:
182:
180:
160:
153:Tingoesen landt
133:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4314:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4276:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4230:Haixi Jurchens
4213:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4066:External links
4064:
4061:
4060:
4013:(12): e83570.
3990:
3971:(1): 123–138.
3954:
3883:
3864:
3825:(10): e76748.
3805:
3764:
3705:
3666:(12): e83570.
3646:
3612:
3550:
3498:
3475:10.1086/338457
3469:(1): 192–206.
3449:
3390:
3324:
3297:(1): 230–250.
3277:
3264:
3261:Donald F. Lach
3247:
3241:978-1107068841
3240:
3220:
3214:978-0774832922
3213:
3193:
3186:
3166:
3147:
3109:
3100:
3085:
3069:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3006:
3004:
2998:Tungus man in
2997:
2990:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2959:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:Haplogroup Y1a
2814:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2761:Haplogroup N9b
2757:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:Haplogroup Z1a
2649:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2255:Sea of Okhotsk
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2149:Jurchen-Manchu
2146:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1865:Jurchen-Manchu
1862:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1791:Jurchen-Manchu
1788:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1284:
1281:
1255:Turkic peoples
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1002:
989:
986:
980:
979:
970:
957:
954:
948:
947:
934:
921:
918:
912:
911:
902:
889:
886:
880:
879:
862:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
807:
804:
786:in China, and
784:Inner Mongolia
770:. The Oroqen,
760:Sakha Republic
756:Sakha Republic
729:Primorsky Krai
680:(historically
662:
659:
634:population of
597:Avar Khaganate
569:
566:
433:
430:
382:
381:
369:
368:
364:
363:
308:
307:
303:
302:
299:
285:
284:
281:
267:
266:
263:
249:
248:
245:
231:
230:
227:
213:
212:
209:
195:
194:
191:
177:
176:
172:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
146:
131:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4313:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4234:Wild Jurchens
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3636:
3625:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3104:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Haplogroup M7
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
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2524:
2521:
2518:
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2459:
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2417:
2414:
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2386:
2383:
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2378:
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2329:
2326:
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2318:
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2298:
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2279:
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2264:
2260:
2256:
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2248:
2233:
2203:
2200:
2197:
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2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
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2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:Amur Tungusic
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
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1949:
1946:
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1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
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1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
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1827:
1824:
1821:
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1815:
1812:
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1800:
1797:
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1778:
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1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:Amur Tungusic
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
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1672:
1669:
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1663:
1660:
1657:
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1597:
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1475:
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1466:
1463:
1460:
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1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
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1350:
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1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:Manchu people
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
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1244:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
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1198:
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1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
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1170:
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1129:
1118:
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1106:
1103:
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1087:
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1058:
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1049:
1046:
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1037:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
978:
974:
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969:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
946:
942:
938:
935:
933:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
910:
906:
903:
901:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
863:
861:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
822:
819:
812:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:(Ewenki) and
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
686:Qing emperors
683:
679:
674:
667:
661:Ethnic groups
658:
656:
652:
648:
643:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
589:Paleosiberian
585:
583:
579:
575:
565:
563:
553:
541:
540:
534:
529:
523:
519:
514:
509:
508:Pacific Ocean
505:
501:
496:
488:
487:Manchu–Tungus
484:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
448:
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
379:
375:
370:
365:
361:
349:
345:
333:
329:
317:
313:
309:
304:
300:
298:
297:United States
286:
282:
280:
268:
264:
262:
250:
246:
244:
232:
228:
226:
214:
210:
208:
196:
192:
190:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
154:
150:
144:
139:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4270:
4215:
4207:
4203:Heishui Mohe
4201:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4143:
4107:
4010:
4006:
3993:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3941:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3622:
3615:
3578:
3574:
3529:(1): 47–58.
3526:
3522:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3342:
3338:
3327:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3267:
3256:
3250:
3230:
3223:
3203:
3196:
3176:
3169:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3125:
3121:
3103:
3094:
3088:
3077:
3072:
3063:
3058:
2777:Haplogroup G
2707:Haplogroup A
2533:Haplogroup D
2479:Haplogroup C
2457:
2443:Haplogroup Z
2427:Haplogroup Y
2411:Haplogroup U
2395:Haplogroup J
2380:Haplogroup R
2365:Haplogroup M
2350:Haplogroup F
2335:Haplogroup D
2320:Haplogroup C
2305:Haplogroup B
2267:
2263:Central Asia
2258:
2244:
1995:Hammer 2006
1853:Hammer 2006
1846:R2a-M124=3.8
1709:Hammer 2006
1639:Hammer 2006
1497:Hammer 2006
1371:
1347:
1342:
1286:
1266:
1259:
1247:Yellow River
1240:
835:Main country
817:
806:Demographics
737:
698:
675:
672:
644:
640:
605:
601:
586:
571:
499:
497:
486:
468:
437:
435:
411:
386:
385:
152:
147:1612 map by
132:Ethnic group
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4220:(including
3725:(13): 127.
3523:J Hum Genet
2955:wooden home
2464:Haplogroup
2290:Haplogroup
1273:Han Chinese
713:Orok (Ulta)
655:Isaac Massa
628:assimilated
518:East Turkic
149:Isaac Massa
4285:Categories
3903:: 754492.
3410:: 754492.
3187:0521477719
3042:References
2216:DE-YAP(xE-
2204:J-12f2=7.3
2132:I-P37=1.9%
1634:I1-P30=5.3
1427:Reference
1336:Population
1305:Liao river
848:10,424,785
832:Population
632:ethnic Han
578:Amur River
562:Eastern Hu
193:10,646,954
110:March 2024
80:newspapers
4209:Sumo Mohe
4037:1932-6203
3949:CC BY 4.0
3919:1664-8021
3635:cite book
3426:1664-8021
3367:0028-0836
3319:245849003
3311:1674-4918
3273:Routledge
2251:gene flow
2234:Xue 2006
2073:(Russia)
2065:Xue 2006
1925:Xue 2006
1779:Xue 2006
1647:(Russia)
1575:(Russia)
1567:Xue 2006
1365:C-M86/M77
1197:Shamanism
1169:Shamanism
1133:Shamanism
1105:Shamanism
1073:Shamanism
1041:Shamanism
1013:Shamanism
973:Shamanism
937:Shamanism
909:Shamanism
838:Religion
776:Khamnigan
690:sinicized
612:Manchuria
574:Manchuria
498:The name
436:The name
422:Jurchenic
374:Shamanism
348:Mongolian
306:Languages
4217:Jurchens
4139:Negidals
4055:24349531
4007:PLOS ONE
3985:22487888
3951:license.
3937:34659368
3859:24204668
3819:PLOS ONE
3800:24132124
3759:23782551
3700:24349531
3660:PLOS ONE
3607:16489223
3575:Genetics
3545:16328082
3493:11731934
3444:34659368
3385:33618348
3163:: 59–72.
3142:53085396
3020:See also
3000:Vorogovo
2483:121/283
2145:(China)
2003:(China)
1933:(China)
1861:(China)
1787:(China)
1717:(China)
1505:(China)
1435:(China)
1339:Language
1148:Negidals
1141:Buddhism
1045:Buddhism
1005:Buddhism
945:Buddhism
905:Buddhism
869:Buddhism
829:Ethnonym
788:Mongolia
766:and the
764:Negidals
618:and the
500:Tunguska
478:Tungusik
469:Tungusic
463:for the
438:Tungusic
418:Udegheic
407:Mongolia
378:Buddhism
367:Religion
360:Mongolia
279:Mongolia
151:showing
4271:Italics
4240:Manchus
4145:Duchers
4134:Oroqens
4046:3861515
4015:Bibcode
3928:8515022
3850:3799995
3827:Bibcode
3750:3695835
3727:Bibcode
3691:3861515
3668:Bibcode
3598:1456369
3435:8515022
3376:7993749
3347:Bibcode
2923:in 1915
2890:Gallery
2781:10/283
2765:10/283
2711:11/283
2670:12/283
2657:25/283
2576:10/283
2563:12/283
2560:D5a2a2
2550:18/283
2540:24.38%
2537:69/283
2522:11/283
2512:19.08%
2509:54/283
2499:19.43%
2496:55/283
2486:42.76%
2450:3.44%%
2434:13.79%
2357:13.79%
2342:20.68%
2327:27.58%
2227:10831.1
2218:SRY4064
2209:10831.2
1277:Koreans
1020:Oroqens
888:190,481
844:Manchus
682:Jurchen
595:of the
568:History
533:Chinese
458:Russian
389:are an
316:Russian
261:Ukraine
94:scholar
4250:Nanais
4189:Shiwei
4165:Sushen
4156:Orochs
4151:Udeges
4129:Solons
4124:Evenks
4053:
4043:
4035:
3983:
3935:
3925:
3917:
3873:et al.
3857:
3847:
3798:
3757:
3747:
3698:
3688:
3605:
3595:
3543:
3491:
3484:384887
3481:
3442:
3432:
3424:
3383:
3373:
3365:
3339:Nature
3317:
3309:
3238:
3211:
3184:
3140:
3031:Xeglun
3026:Eskeri
2953:Evenks
2937:Manchu
2921:Fuzhou
2907:(1850)
2881:2.12%
2878:6/283
2866:0.71%
2863:2/283
2860:M7c1d
2853:2.12%
2850:6/283
2847:M7a2a
2840:2.83%
2837:8/283
2825:2.83%
2822:8/283
2810:0.35%
2807:1/283
2797:3.18%
2794:9/283
2784:3.53%
2768:3.53%
2753:0.71%
2750:2/283
2740:0.71%
2737:2/283
2727:2.47%
2724:7/283
2714:3.89%
2699:1.41%
2696:4/283
2686:3.18%
2683:9/283
2673:4.24%
2660:8.83%
2645:1.06%
2642:3/283
2632:1.77%
2629:5/283
2619:1.77%
2616:5/283
2605:2.83%
2602:8/283
2592:2.83%
2589:8/283
2579:3.53%
2573:D4e4a
2566:4.24%
2553:6.36%
2525:3.89%
2473:Notes
2418:3.44%
2402:3.44%
2387:3.44%
2372:3.44%
2312:6.89%
2299:Notes
2278:Hezhen
2276:, and
2274:Oroqen
2225:BT-SRY
2001:Oroqen
1931:Oroqen
1859:Manchu
1785:Manchu
1573:Evenks
1503:Evenks
1433:Evenks
1424:Others
1394:O-M176
1389:O-M268
1384:O-M119
1379:O-M122
1368:C-M407
1356:C-M217
1352:
1297:C-M217
1275:, and
1269:Manchu
1224:Russia
1221:
1192:Russia
1189:
1164:Russia
1161:
1128:Russia
1125:
1112:Orochs
1100:Russia
1097:
1084:Udeges
1068:Russia
1065:
1033:
1000:Russia
997:
988:17,514
984:Nanais
968:Russia
965:
956:22,487
932:Russia
929:
920:69,503
916:Evenks
897:
857:
800:Buryat
792:Mongol
774:, and
768:Oroqen
752:Russia
740:Evenks
705:Shiwei
678:Manchu
608:Manchu
552:Tonggu
539:Donghu
528:tonguz
522:tunguz
513:Tungus
465:Evenks
461:exonym
453:Тунгус
447:Tungus
426:Nanaic
414:Ewenic
405:, and
357:
341:
328:Russia
325:
294:
276:
258:
240:
229:12,000
225:Taiwan
222:
211:78,051
207:Russia
204:
186:
157:Evenks
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
18:Tungus
4260:Oroks
4255:Ulchs
4245:Sibes
4212:etc.)
4197:Mohes
4173:Yilou
4119:Evens
3627:(PDF)
3315:S2CID
3138:S2CID
3098:p. 88
2984:Udege
2939:guard
2804:G2a1
2734:A12a
2693:Z1a1
2680:Z1a2
2639:D4m2
2613:D4i2
2599:D4o2
2547:D4l2
2467:Pop.
2447:1/29
2431:4/29
2415:1/29
2399:1/29
2384:1/29
2369:1/29
2354:4/29
2339:6/29
2324:8/29
2309:2/29
2293:Pop.
2282:China
2280:from
2231:=2.4
2186:17.1
2174:26.8
2171:36.6
2159:26.8
2156:26.8
2102:11.5
2099:15.4
2093:26.9
2090:34.6
2087:69.2
2084:69.2
2071:Ulchi
2032:19.4
2029:29.0
2020:41.9
2017:61.3
2014:61.3
1953:68.2
1947:90.9
1944:90.9
1902:14.3
1896:14.3
1890:37.1
1887:54.3
1875:25.7
1872:25.7
1816:38.5
1813:57.7
1801:26.9
1798:26.9
1764:17.8
1758:20.0
1746:44.4
1743:51.1
1734:11.1
1731:22.2
1728:28.9
1715:Hezhe
1691:12.9
1688:12.9
1667:61.3
1661:74.2
1658:74.2
1645:Evens
1619:16.8
1616:18.9
1595:54.7
1589:68.4
1586:68.4
1534:23.1
1531:34.6
1522:30.8
1519:57.7
1516:57.7
1464:24.4
1461:36.6
1455:34.1
1449:43.9
1446:43.9
1406:N-P43
1403:N-Tat
1361:C-M48
1176:Oroks
1088:1,538
1056:2,841
1052:Ulchs
1036:China
1024:8,659
952:Evens
900:China
884:Sibes
860:China
772:Solon
744:Evens
725:Udege
721:Oroch
709:Nanai
692:(the
636:China
535:word
456:), a
403:China
344:China
247:1,020
243:Japan
189:China
101:JSTOR
87:books
4181:Wuji
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