629:: "Shameless sultan with the soul of a Persian—so you still dare to write to me! Yours is the soul of a dog and the understanding of an ass, yet you think to deceive me with your specious phrases. Know that until you become a loyal vassal of my Emperor I shall only long to wash my boots in your blood." According to one view, these insults and threats were used deliberately to provoke revolts which could then be crushed. Tsitsianov held all "Asiatics" in contempt and believed that force and assimilation, rather than the accommodation of local vassals, were the only reliable means to secure Russian control over local populations. Many of his methods were followed by later Russian leaders in the Caucasus. He had strong negative feelings towards Muslims in general (whom he considered treacherous) and the "Persians" in particular and held in contempt everything related to Iran.
443:
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subsequent
Russian efforts to conquer the North Caucasus." George Bournoutian writes of Tsitsianov that he was "neither the great military commander portrayed by his Russian contemporaries nor was he the terrible ogre painted by the Iranian chroniclers. He was a soldier of his time; that is, he was ambitious, blamed others for his defeats and was a firm believer in European, specifically Russian, superiority over the 'contemptible Asiatics.' Although his aggressive policies had temporarily brought the khanates of Shakki, Qarabagh and Shirvan into the Russian orbit, his military campaigns had resulted in thousands of Russian and Iranian dead and had committed Russia to a ten-year-long war."
426:
despised and feared by many
Caucasian Muslims and Iranians for his brutal actions and regarded as a traitor by many Georgians for his role in strengthening Russian rule over the country. He held all "Asiatics" in contempt and believed that force and assimilation were the only reliable means to secure Russian control over local populations. Many of his methods were followed by later Russian leaders in the Caucasus. According to Walter Richmond, Tsitsianov "set in motion the brutality that was the hallmark of subsequent Russian efforts to conquer the North Caucasus."
54:
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the start of industry. However, new enterprises were limited by wars and local unrest, and
Russian rule in Georgia was creating considerable expenses for the state. Tsitsianov also founded a school in Tiflis for the sons of nobles. The city, which had been sacked in 1795, was gradually restored, and a number of new public buildings were built. Tsitsianov favored a slower adoption of Russian methods of administration and kept Georgian as a local official language. In 1804, when Minister of the Interior
566:. In effect, he was given absolute authority over all Russian forces in the Caucasus. His rule was characterized by uncompromising policies towards the locals, including the exile of the remaining members of Georgia's former ruling dynasty to Russia. Philip Longworth describes Tsitsianov as "proud, brave and cruel, a dashing man of action, subservient to no one – not even the Tsar." He received broad discretionary powers from the Tsar and further solidified Russian rule in Georgia. He upgraded the
1227:
772:
435:
763:, he began to engage in certain magical practices, such as beheading wax figures representing Tsitsianov. After the general was in fact assassinated, his severed head (or, according to some accounts, hand) arrived in Tehran just before the forty days were up. Because Fath-Ali Shah feared that the supernatural powers of Mirza Mohammad might be turned against him, he exiled him to Arab Iraq.
1236:, p. 57: "The next day, January 15, only some 500 local Muslim fighters, who had taken refuge in a mosque, had remained. No one knew if they wished to surrender or not. However, an Armenian told the Russian soldiers that there were some Lezgis among them. That was the signal to the Russians (many of whose comrades had died fighting the Lezgis), to slaughter everyone in the mosque".
402:. Tsar Alexander I appointed him commander of Russian forces in the Caucasus in 1802. He solidified Russian rule in the region, compelling local rulers and communities to submit to the Tsar and often campaigning against them. He expanded Russian possessions south of the Caucasus westward to the Black Sea and continued Russia's southward expansion. He successfully captured the city of
882:
that "hat saw as
Tsitsianov's devotion to Russia's interests was really overweening personal ambition; his eloquence was marred by bluster, just as his nobility of character was marred by deceit; the energy he spent was largely other people's; and his determination manifested itself in slaughter."
605:
Tsitsianov initiated a number of social and administrative reforms in
Georgia. He largely preserved the traditional social hierarchy, confirming the rights of the nobility and returning lands that had been confiscated by the Georgian kings. The bourgeoisie was supported in order to promote trade and
732:
agreed to meet
Tsitsianov to accept his demands for submission. Tsitsianov rode up to the city walls, accompanied only by his aide-de-camp Prince Eristov and a Cossack. The khan, accompanied by four men, came out to meet Tsitsianov about a hundred paces from the fortress. When the general was about
881:
dubbed him "the shedder of blood." Among the peoples of the
Caucasus, he was also known as "the ferocious/fearsome prince." Many Georgians viewed Tsitsianov as a traitor who was totally subservient to Russia. In Muriel Atkin's view, Tsitsianov was undeserving of the praise he received. She writes
737:
in Tehran. The third member of the small mission escaped to relate the gruesome tale. Tsitsianov's body was left in a ditch near the city walls and remained there until
Russian forces captured Baku a few months later. His remains were first buried in Baku's Armenian church. Five years later, they
886:
writes that
Tsitsianov "laid the effective foundations of Russian power in Transcaucasia" and suggests that Georgia benefited from his "stern, even at times harsh conduct of affairs" in the long-term. According to Walter Richmond, Tsitsianov "set in motion the brutality that was the hallmark of
425:
Tsitsianov has been credited with playing a foundational role in establishing
Russian rule in the South Caucasus; he was universally lauded in Russian sources and often admired by Europeans as well. He has been described as a brave and energetic leader but also as cruel and overbearing. He was
803:
described him as a brave and energetic leader and noted his "aggressive, over-bearing spirit, that served him admirably in his dealings with the native rulers, Christian as well as Mussulman though probably enough it contributed both to his own tragic fate." The Russian poet
625:. Tsitsianov often used threats and insults in his communications with Caucasian elites. For example, when one of his generals was killed in battle with the Jar-Balakanis, his rage knew no bounds, and he wrote an angry letter to their ally, the
542:, who disfavored the men who had risen to high positions under his mother's reign. Tsitsianov temporarily left military service for health reasons in September 1797. He remained jobless for the duration of Paul's reign. The new emperor
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to receive the keys to the city from the khan, the khan's men unexpectedly shot him and his aide-de-camp. Tsitsianov's head and both hands were cut off and, according to some accounts, sent to
869:
Meanwhile, he was despised and feared by many Caucasian Muslims and Iranians for his brutal actions like the massacre at Ganja and for his scornful attitude. Most Iranians referred to him as
789:
Tsitsianov's achievements and death at Baku secured his place in Russian memory. Russian sources universally lauded him, and he was often admired by Europeans as well. In the imperial-era
473:, was a writer and state official. His grandfather, Paata or Papuna, had moved to Russia in the early 1700s as part of a group of Georgian émigrés accompanying the exiled Georgian monarch
2021:
795:, Tsitsianov is credited with bringing stability to Georgia, greatly expanding Russia's borders, and "instill respect among the Caucasian rulers for Russian arms." Authors such as
511:. During that war, he fought at Khotin, the Salchea River, Ismail, and Bender. He was promoted to brigadier in 1790 and major general in 1793. He also served in Poland during the
478:
414:(in modern-day Armenia), where his outnumbered forces fought a number of battles with the Iranian army but were forced to retreat. He secured the submission of a number of the
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in 1795. Between 1,500 and 3,000 inhabitants were killed, including 500 local warriors who had sheltered in a mosque. For this victory, Tsitsianov received the rank of
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1981:
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Born in Moscow to a Georgian noble family that had lived in Russia for two generations, he entered military service at a young age and fought in the
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Tsitsianov intended to expand Russia's possessions south of the Caucasus to the Black and Caspian seas and southwards into Iran, even as far as
2011:
877:
distortion of his second title "Inspector" which literally translates as "his work is shit / he whose job is shit." The Iranian chronicler
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613:
Tsitsianov forced the mountain peoples of the Caucasus to swear loyalty to the Tsar. He ordered expeditions against the communities of
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1828:
670:
255:
684:, and finally Yerevan. His actions earned him the Order of St. Vladimir, first class. In May 1805, he secured the submission of the
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1976:
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wrote to him proposing the restoration of a Bagrationi prince as a vassal ruler of Georgia, Tsitsianov firmly rejected the idea.
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From the Kur to the Aras: A Military History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801–1813
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673:. After the victory at Ganja, Tsitsianov returned to Georgia forced King Solomon of Imereti to swear allegiance to the Tsar.
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were cowed into submission by Tsitsianov. In July 1805, Tsitsianov successfully fought off a Persian invasion north of the
380:
68:
2016:
809:
781:
661:, his son, and many of the city's defenders and civilian population, was no less brutal and murderous than Persian ruler
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appointed him to the Chancellery of the State Council in May 1801 and promoted him to lieutenant general in late 1801.
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755:(Islamic jurisprudence) in Tehran, allegedly promised Fath-Ali Shah Qajar to secure the death of Tsitsianov by
657:, Tsitsianov's conquest of Ganja, which reduced the city to rubble and resulted in the murder of its governor,
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574:(Tbilisi) with Russia over the Caucasus Mountains, and constructed the fortress of Alexandrovsk on the
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and N. N. Belyavsky praised his character, resolve, vision and dedication to Russian interests, while
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1948:] (in Russian). Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Saint Petersburg: V. A. Berezovskīĭ. pp.
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1971:
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1901:(in Russian). Vol. 21. Saint Petersburg: Tip. V. Bezobrazova i Ko. pp. 499–508.
1723:(in Russian). Vol. 21. Saint Petersburg: Tip. V. Bezobrazova i Ko. pp. 498–499.
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1658:(in Russian). Vol. 21. Saint Petersburg: Tip. V. Bezobrazova i Ko. pp. 497–498.
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in 1772. He was promoted to colonel in 1785, and in 1786, he was appointed colonel of a
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Georgian generals with the rank "General of the Infantry" (Imperial Russia)
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and conducted counteroffensive in the fall. He then established Russian rule over
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to Russian rule. In February 1806, he attempted to negotiate the surrender of the
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Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period
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Kavkazskaia voĭna v otdielʹnykh ocherkakh, ėpizodakh, legendakh i bīografīiakh
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1600:(2013). "The early Qajars and the Russian Wars". In Cronin, Stephanie (ed.).
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In 1802 Tsitsianov was appointed the commander of Russian forces in Georgia (
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1666:(1991). "Iranian relations with Russia and the Soviet Union, to 1921". In
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In the summer of 1804, Tsitsianov advanced against the Persian forces in
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434:
1911:
Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan
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noble origin who played a prominent role in the Russian conquest of the
1945:
The Caucasian war in separate essays, episodes, legends and biographies
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Tsitsianov's fiery character is mentioned in a laudatory passage in
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Davud, Seyyed Ali Al-i (2021). Madelung, W.; Daftary, F. (eds.).
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1851:(1960). "Kavkazskiĭ plennik" [Captive of the Caucasus].
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Russia's Empires: Their Rise and Fall: From Prehistory to Putin
1705:
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8 February] 1806), was an Imperial Russian general of
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Russian Officer Corps of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
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Iranian-Russian Encounters: Empires and Revolutions Since 1800
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means. Retreating for a period of forty days to the shrine at
1674:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 314–349.
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In relation to this episode, it is noteworthy that in 1806,
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594:. Unable to negotiate the cession of the Black Sea port of
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1519:(California Libraries Reprint Series ed.). Berkeley:
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1239:
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referred to Tsitsianov in a laudatory passage of his poem
649:. He renamed the city Yelizavetpol, after the Tsar's wife
578:. In Western Georgia, he secured the submission of Prince
2022:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
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but was lured into a trap by the local khan and killed.
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406:(in modern-day Azerbaijan), triggering a conflict with
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from 1802 to 1806 and commanded Russian forces in the
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558:had just been annexed by Russia), inspector of the
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1694:The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658–1832
1622:
1023:
1293:
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1029:
997:
632:
367:8 September] 1754—20 February [
1958:
855:For the first time struck the thunder of battle
284:Commander in chief of Russian troops in Georgia
1982:Georgian generals in the Imperial Russian Army
1542:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
358:
904:
724:In February 1806, Tsitsianov arrived outside
450:Tsitsianov was born in Moscow into the noble
696:of Karabakh. The same year, the khanates of
680:, and fought at Gyumri, Etchmiadzin, on the
641:if possible. In early 1804, he attacked and
387:until his assassination near Baku in 1806.
2007:Russian military personnel killed in action
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1746:
1670:; Hambly, Gavin; Melville, Charles (eds.).
1570:
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1756:(2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
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859:And in the battle, with an audacious brow,
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2002:Russian people of the Kościuszko Uprising
1861:] (in Russian). Vol. 3. Moscow:
1829:National Parliamentary Library of Georgia
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1307:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAlgar1984 (
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550:Rule in Georgia and wars in the Caucasus
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845:And I will sing of that glorious hour,
1934:
1819:Mchedlishvili, David A. (2010–2012).
1806:from the original on 4 September 2023
1631:. Translated by Khaleeli, Alexander.
1620:
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1357:
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1835:from the original on 6 December 2022
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1563:The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus
1500:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
1446:
1173:
1161:
1137:
816:
526:In 1796, Tsitsianov participated in
477:. Tsitsianov had a younger brother,
688:to Russian suzerainty, signing the
534:. The expedition was called off by
495:Tsitsianov began his career in the
410:. He then continued south into the
276:Saint Petersburg Grenadier Regiment
267:Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment
24:
1928:
1825:Biographical Dictionary of Georgia
905:
381:Commander-in-chief in the Caucasus
27:Russian general of Georgian origin
25:
2053:
1870:Richmond, Walter (9 April 2013).
1641:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_SIM_062044
1566:. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
1502:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation
749:, a teacher of Akhbari school of
507:regiment. He participated in the
2027:People of the Russo-Persian Wars
2012:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
1753:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
586:, who had revolted against King
52:
1898:Russian Biographical Dictionary
1893:"Tsitsianov, Pavel Dmitrievich"
1853:Sobranie sochineniĭ v 10 tomakh
1720:Russian Biographical Dictionary
1715:"Tsitsianov, Mikhail Pavlovich"
1655:Russian Biographical Dictionary
1650:"Tsitsianov, Dmitriĭ Pavlovich"
1515:——— (1980) .
1480:
861:The fiery Tsitsianov appeared.
792:Russian Biographical Dictionary
562:, and military governor of the
446:Pavel's younger brother Mikhail
438:Tsitsianov in his younger years
351:Pavle Dimitris dze Tsitsishvili
286:Inspector of the Caucasian Line
237:Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
46:Pavle Dimitris dze Tsitsishvili
2042:Military personnel from Moscow
1977:Imperial Russian Army generals
1913:. Cambridge University Press.
1794:"Tsitsianov Pavel Dmitrievich"
1771:——— (2005).
1624:"Ibrāhīm Khalīl Khān Jawānshī"
1521:University of California Press
911:pre-reform Russian orthography
897:
857:And the roar of Russian drums,
847:When, sensing a bloody battle,
647:Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
633:Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
479:Mikhail Dmitrievich Tsitsianov
392:Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774
385:Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
13:
1:
1895:. In Polovtsov, A. A. (ed.).
1858:Collected works in 10 volumes
1717:. In Polovtsov, A. A. (ed.).
1672:The Cambridge History of Iran
1652:. In Polovtsov, A. A. (ed.).
1629:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
919:
851:Rose our double-headed eagle;
836:И в сече, с дерзостным челом,
490:Senator of the Russian Empire
339:Pavel Dmitriyevich Tsitsianov
69:Commander-in-chief in Georgia
1876:. Rutgers University Press.
924:
906:Павелъ Дмитріевичъ Циціановъ
828:Подъялся наш орел двуглавый;
811:The Prisoner of the Caucasus
782:The Prisoner of the Caucasus
515:, for which he received the
347:Па́вел Дми́триевич Цициа́нов
7:
849:Over the indignant Caucasus
834:И грохот русских барабанов,
598:, he built the fortress of
509:Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)
379:. He served as the Russian
10:
2058:
2017:1800s in Georgia (country)
1799:Great Russian Encyclopedia
1728:Longworth, Philip (2005).
1540:Russia and Iran, 1780–1828
824:Когда, почуя бой кровавый,
528:Persian Expedition of 1796
400:Persian expedition of 1796
308:Persian Expedition of 1796
282:Tobolsk Musketeer Regiment
234:(twice, 1st and 3rd class)
1698:Columbia University Press
832:Впервые грянул битвы гром
822:И воспою тот славный час,
617:, which had been raiding
602:on the Mingrelian coast.
363:; 19 September [
359:
346:
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280:Suzdal Musketeer Regiment
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110:Military governor of the
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51:
44:
32:
1792:Mukhanov, V. M. (2017).
1492:"Aḵbārī, Mīrzā Moḥammad"
890:
838:Явился пылкий Цицианов.
820:
663:Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
458:. He was related to the
416:khanates of the Caucasus
2037:Anti-Iranian sentiments
1873:The Circassian Genocide
1777:. Casemate Publishers.
1732:. London: John Murray.
1024:Mchedlishvili 2010–2012
740:Tbilisi Sioni Cathedral
738:were reinterred in the
671:General of the Infantry
519:, third class, and the
497:Preobrazhensky Regiment
430:Family and early career
256:General of the Infantry
1748:Mikaberidze, Alexander
1572:Bournoutian, George A.
1538:Atkin, Muriel (1980).
879:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
853:When on the grey Terek
843:
786:
747:Mirza Mohammad Akhbari
720:Death and related myth
568:Georgian Military Road
460:Georgian royal dynasty
447:
439:
241:Gold Sword for Bravery
58:Portrait of Tsitsianov
1891:Savinkov, B. (1901).
1606:. London: Routledge.
830:Когда на Тереке седом
774:
767:Legacy and reputation
704:and the sultanate of
564:Astrakhan Governorate
536:Catherine the Great's
530:under the command of
521:Order of St. Vladimir
445:
437:
232:Order of St. Vladimir
112:Astrakhan Governorate
1997:Nobility from Moscow
1821:"P'avle Tsitsianovi"
1690:Lang, David Marshall
826:На негодующий Кавказ
532:Count Valerian Zubov
396:1794 Polish uprising
2032:Tsitsishvili family
1713:Lemyur, V. (1901).
1648:Garsky, V. (1901).
1473:, pp. 127–128.
1384:, pp. 331–332.
1275:, pp. 643–644.
884:David Marshall Lang
694:Ibrahim Khalil Khan
690:Treaty of Kurekchay
517:Order of St. George
303:Kościuszko Uprising
227:Order of St. George
1865:. pp. 87–120.
787:
570:, which connected
448:
440:
278:Commandant of Baku
1883:978-0-8135-6069-4
1784:978-1-61121-002-6
1763:978-1-44224-146-6
1739:978-0-7195-6204-4
1664:Kazemzadeh, Firuz
1613:978-0-41562-433-6
1558:Baddeley, John F.
1549:978-0-8166-0924-6
1530:978-0-520-04100-4
1396:, pp. 71–72.
1360:, pp. 64–66.
1212:, pp. 67–68.
1053:, pp. 59–60.
982:, pp. 12–13.
867:
866:
806:Alexander Pushkin
779:'s romantic poem
716:in January 1806.
645:, triggering the
349:), also known as
333:
332:
313:Russo-Persian War
298:Russo-Turkish War
161:19 September 1754
16:(Redirected from
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1346:Mikaberidze 2005
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1276:
1273:Mikaberidze 2015
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1249:Mikaberidze 2015
1246:
1237:
1234:Bournoutian 2021
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1186:Bournoutian 2021
1183:
1177:
1171:
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1141:
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1123:
1108:
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1084:Bournoutian 2021
1081:
1075:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1012:
1006:
995:
992:Mikaberidze 2015
989:
983:
977:
964:
961:Mikaberidze 2005
958:
913:
908:
907:
901:
817:
801:John F. Baddeley
686:Karabakh Khanate
487:
472:
464:Dmitry Pavlovich
362:
361:
348:
321:
247:Military service
185:
182:20 February 1806
153:Personal details
141:
131:
122:
100:
88:
79:
56:
39:Pavel Tsitsianov
30:
29:
21:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2046:
1957:
1956:
1931:
1929:Further reading
1921:
1907:Tapper, Richard
1884:
1838:
1836:
1827:(in Georgian).
1809:
1807:
1785:
1764:
1740:
1682:
1614:
1590:
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1392:
1388:
1382:Kazemzadeh 1991
1380:
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1368:
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1344:
1340:
1332:
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1279:
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1222:Kazemzadeh 1991
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
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1156:
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1103:
1090:
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1057:
1049:
1042:
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1022:
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978:
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927:
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848:
846:
840:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
769:
761:Shah-Abdol-Azim
722:
678:Persian Armenia
653:. According to
643:conquered Ganja
635:
627:Sultan of Elisu
608:Viktor Kochubey
556:Eastern Georgia
552:
523:, third class.
481:
466:
432:
420:Khanate of Baku
360:პავლე ციციშვილი
325:
317:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
239:
235:
230:
209:Sioni Cathedral
187:
183:
162:
139:
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118:
98:
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59:
47:
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2055:
2045:
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2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1955:
1954:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:978-0521583367
1919:
1903:
1888:
1882:
1867:
1849:Pushkin, A. S.
1845:
1816:
1802:(in Russian).
1789:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1744:
1738:
1725:
1710:
1686:
1681:978-0521200950
1680:
1660:
1645:
1618:
1612:
1594:
1589:978-9004445154
1588:
1568:
1554:
1548:
1535:
1529:
1512:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1449:, p. 260.
1434:
1432:, p. 152.
1422:
1410:
1408:, p. 117.
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1348:, p. 407.
1338:
1336:, p. 192.
1334:Longworth 2005
1326:
1314:
1292:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1251:, p. 643.
1238:
1226:
1224:, p. 332.
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1176:, p. 259.
1166:
1164:, p. 258.
1154:
1142:
1140:, p. 256.
1130:
1109:
1107:, p. 191.
1105:Longworth 2005
1088:
1076:
1055:
1040:
1028:
1013:
996:
994:, p. 563.
984:
965:
963:, p. 406.
929:
928:
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923:
921:
918:
915:
914:
895:
894:
892:
889:
865:
864:
841:
768:
765:
721:
718:
667:sack of Tiflis
655:Maziar Behrooz
634:
631:
580:Grigol Dadiani
560:Caucasian Line
551:
548:
501:Imperial Guard
462:. His father,
431:
428:
412:Erivan Khanate
377:South Caucasus
331:
330:
327:
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310:
305:
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294:
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206:
202:
201:
186:(aged 51)
180:
176:
175:
168:Russian Empire
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
132:
126:
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115:
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107:
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33:
26:
9:
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3:
2:
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1513:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1467:
1461:, p. 73.
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1420:, p. 67.
1419:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1372:, p. 72.
1371:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1324:, p. 71.
1323:
1322:Baddeley 1908
1318:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1288:Savinkov 1901
1284:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1210:Baddeley 1908
1206:
1200:, p. 68.
1199:
1198:Baddeley 1908
1194:
1188:, p. 41.
1187:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1152:, p. 70.
1151:
1150:Baddeley 1908
1146:
1139:
1134:
1128:, p. 55.
1127:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1086:, p. 39.
1085:
1080:
1073:
1072:Mukhanov 2017
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1051:Baddeley 1908
1047:
1045:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1005:
1003:
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993:
988:
981:
980:Richmond 2013
976:
974:
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962:
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876:
875:Azeri Turkish
872:
862:
842:
839:
819:
818:
815:
813:
812:
807:
802:
798:
794:
793:
784:
783:
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773:
764:
762:
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736:
735:Fath-Ali Shah
731:
727:
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603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
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581:
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576:Alazani River
573:
569:
565:
561:
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547:
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541:
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533:
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524:
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513:1794 uprising
510:
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491:
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205:Resting place
203:
199:
196:(present-day
195:
191:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
156:
151:
147:
144:Ivan Gudovich
143:
137:
134:Karl Knorring
133:
127:
121:
116:
113:
108:
105:
104:Ivan Gudovich
102:
96:
93:
92:Karl Knorring
90:
84:
78:
73:
70:
66:
62:
55:
50:
43:
36:
31:
19:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:Potto, V. A.
1910:
1897:
1872:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1837:. Retrieved
1824:
1808:. Retrieved
1797:
1773:
1752:
1729:
1719:
1696:. New York:
1693:
1671:
1668:Avery, Peter
1654:
1628:
1602:
1575:
1562:
1539:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1499:
1481:Bibliography
1466:
1454:
1425:
1418:Behrooz 2013
1413:
1406:Pushkin 1960
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1268:
1256:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1126:Behrooz 2013
1079:
1031:
987:
899:
870:
868:
844:
821:
810:
797:Vasily Potto
790:
788:
780:
757:supernatural
750:
744:
730:Khan of Baku
723:
675:
636:
612:
604:
600:Redoubt Kali
553:
525:
494:
456:Tsitsishvili
449:
424:
389:
350:
338:
334:
318:
291:Battles/wars
194:Baku Khanate
184:(1806-02-20)
140:Succeeded by
119:
99:Succeeded by
76:
1972:1806 deaths
1967:1754 births
1863:Goslitizdat
1598:Behrooz, M.
1430:Tapper 1997
1036:Lemyur 1901
1009:Garsky 1901
682:Zangu River
615:Jar-Balakan
544:Alexander I
482: [
475:Vakhtang VI
467: [
229:(3rd class)
130:Preceded by
87:Preceded by
1961:Categories
1578:. Leiden:
1459:Atkin 1980
1394:Atkin 1980
1370:Atkin 1980
1358:Algar 1980
1303:Algar 1984
1261:Davud 2021
920:References
871:Ishpokhdor
710:Aras River
659:Javad Khan
621:, and the
588:Solomon II
538:successor
454:family of
408:Qajar Iran
198:Azerbaijan
18:Tsitsianov
1506:5 October
1447:Lang 1957
1174:Lang 1957
1162:Lang 1957
1138:Lang 1957
925:Citations
651:Elizabeth
623:Ossetians
584:Mingrelia
505:grenadier
124:1802–1806
120:In office
81:1802–1806
77:In office
1938:(1887).
1909:(1997).
1833:Archived
1804:Archived
1750:(2015).
1692:(1957).
1574:(2021).
1560:(1908).
1490:(1984).
1488:Algar, H
903:Written
706:Shoragel
702:Shamakhi
452:Georgian
398:and the
373:Georgian
355:Georgian
273:Commands
1839:19 June
1810:19 June
1706:56-6814
1498:(ed.).
777:Pushkin
714:Shirvan
619:Kakheti
592:Imereti
499:of the
343:Russian
319:†
217:Georgia
213:Tbilisi
1917:
1880:
1781:
1760:
1736:
1704:
1678:
1610:
1586:
1546:
1527:
728:. The
639:Tabriz
572:Tiflis
540:Paul I
394:, the
357::
336:Prince
315:
258:(1804)
223:Awards
172:Russia
164:Moscow
35:Prince
1952:-344.
1942:[
1855:[
1633:Brill
1580:Brill
1494:. In
891:Notes
873:, an
698:Shaki
692:with
486:]
471:]
404:Ganja
188:near
170:(now
1915:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1841:2024
1812:2024
1779:ISBN
1758:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1702:LCCN
1676:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1525:ISBN
1508:2011
1309:help
752:fiqh
726:Baku
596:Poti
488:, a
369:O.S.
365:O.S.
263:Unit
252:Rank
190:Baku
179:Died
158:Born
1950:315
1637:doi
909:in
814::
665:'s
590:of
582:of
1963::
1831:.
1823:.
1796:.
1700:.
1635:.
1627:.
1582:.
1523:.
1437:^
1295:^
1280:^
1241:^
1112:^
1091:^
1058:^
1043:^
1016:^
999:^
968:^
933:^
742:.
700:,
492:.
484:ru
469:ru
345::
215:,
211:,
192:,
166:,
1923:.
1886:.
1843:.
1814:.
1787:.
1766:.
1742:.
1708:.
1684:.
1643:.
1639::
1616:.
1592:.
1552:.
1533:.
1510:.
1311:)
1305:.
1290:.
1263:.
1074:.
1038:.
1026:.
1011:.
785:.
353:(
341:(
200:)
174:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
