1283:
167:
1886:
1877:
1683:
155:
1742:
530:
519:
4568:
1651:. The preparations in Poland were slow and he decided to postpone the outbreak, and left for Italy, planning to return in February. However, the situation in Poland was changing rapidly. The Russian and Prussian governments forced Poland to again disband the majority of her armed forces and the reduced units were to be drafted into the Russian army. Also, in March the tsarist agents discovered the group of revolutionaries in Warsaw and started arresting notable Polish politicians and military commanders. Kościuszko was forced to execute his plan earlier than expected, and on 15 March 1794 he set off for
130:
4804:
1317:
1303:
1945:
1856:
361:
350:
333:
322:
311:
300:
289:
278:
267:
256:
245:
226:
215:
194:
2095:, the world's first Ministry of Education, was abolished, because the absolutist governments of the partitioning powers saw no gain in investing in education in the territories inhabited by restless Polish minorities. The creation of educational institutions in the partitions became very difficult. For example, an attempt to create a university in Warsaw was opposed by the Prussian authorities. Further, in the German and Russian partitions, all remaining centers of learning were subject to
5198:
1272:
5207:
5219:
343:
2023:, after the name of the right-bank suburb of Warsaw where it took place. After four hours of brutal hand-to-hand fighting, the 22,000-strong Russian forces broke through the Polish defences and Suvorov allowed his Cossacks to loot and burn Warsaw. By one Russian estimate, approximately 20,000 were murdered in the Praga massacre; the number includes both military personnel and civilians. Zajaczek fled wounded, abandoning the Polish army.
144:
4810:
508:
497:
486:
475:
464:
453:
442:
431:
420:
409:
398:
377:
3996:
3984:
1328:
1504:, when he learned of the new constitution. Prussia was also strongly opposed to the new constitution, and Polish diplomats received a note that the new constitution changed the Polish state so much that Prussia did not consider its obligations binding. Just like Russia, Prussia was concerned that the newly strengthened Polish state could become a threat and the Prussian foreign minister,
39:
1508:, clearly and with rare candor told the Poles that Prussia did not support the constitution and refused to help the Commonwealth in any form, even as a mediator, as it was not in Prussia's state interest to see the Commonwealth strengthened as it could threaten Prussia in the future. The Prussian statesman
1565:
and on the third of May 1791 turned into a revolution and a conspiracy." The
Confederates declared an intention to overcome this revolution. We "can do nothing but turn trustingly to Tsarina Catherine, a distinguished and fair empress, our neighboring friend and ally", who "respects the nation's need
1841:
to all peasants and provided them with state help against abuses by the nobility. Although the new law never fully came into being and was boycotted by much of the nobility, it also attracted many peasants to the ranks of the revolutionaries. It was the first time in Polish history that the peasants
1817:
not carrying their arms. Finally, from the onset of the insurrection, the Polish forces were aided by the civilian population and had surprise on their side as they attacked many separate groups of soldiers at the same time and the resistance to
Russian forces quickly spread over the city. After two
1761:
Kościuszko's forces defeated the technically superior opponent. After the bloody battle the
Russian forces withdrew from the battlefield. Kościuszko's forces were too weak to start a successful pursuit and wipe the Russian forces out of Lesser Poland. Although the strategic importance of the victory
2087:
fell and some of the few manufacturing centres established in the
Commonwealth were closed. Reforms made by the reformers and Kosciuszko, aimed at easing serfdom, were revoked. All the partitioning powers heavily taxed their newly acquired lands, filling their treasuries at the expense of the local
1622:
and many others would criticize the king's decision and many, including Kościuszko, resigned their commission shortly afterward. After the
Commonwealth defeat in that war and the rescinding of the Constitution, the Army was reduced to about 36,000. In 1794 Russians demanded a further downsizing of
2063:
started the Polish leftist movement. Many prominent Polish politicians who were active during the uprising became the backbone of Polish politics, both at home and abroad, in the 19th century. Also, Prussia had much of its forces tied up in Poland and could not field enough forces to suppress the
1428:
The idea of reforming the
Commonwealth gained traction starting from the mid-17th century. It was, however, viewed with suspicion not only by its magnates but also by neighboring countries, which were content with the deterioration of the Commonwealth and abhorred the thought of a resurgent and
2126:
families who supported Kościuszo's uprising were stripped of their possessions and estates, which were awarded to
Russian generals and favourites of the St. Petersburg court. It is estimated that 650,000 former Polish serfs were transferred to Russian officials in this manner. Some among the
1976:
almost unopposed. Thanks to the mobility of his forces, General Dąbrowski evaded being encircled by a much less mobile
Prussian army and disrupted the Prussian lines, forcing the Prussians to withdraw most of their forces from central Poland. However, the Poles did not stay long in Prussian
1646:
In August 1793 Kościuszko returned to
Leipzig where he was met with demands to start planning for the uprising; however, he was worried that an uprising would have little chance against the three partitioners. In September he would clandestinely cross the Polish border to conduct personal
1560:
in
January 1792, criticized the constitution for contributing to, in their own words, "contagion of democratic ideas" following "the fatal examples set in Paris". It asserted that "The parliament ... has broken all fundamental laws, swept away all liberties of the
1674:. This sparked an outbreak of riots against Russian forces throughout the country. The Russian garrison of Kraków was ordered to leave the city and confront Madalinski, which left Kraków completely undefended, but also foiled Kosciuszko's plan to seize their weapons.
1992:(19 September), the new army started its march towards Warsaw. Trying to prevent both Russian armies from joining up, Kościuszko mobilised two regiments from Warsaw and with General Sierakowski's 5,000 soldiers, engaged Fersen's force of 14,000 on 10 October in the
3861:
Russia's Military Way to the West: Origins and Nature of Russian Military Power 1700–1800. Routledge. 2015. P. 196, "...these troops were infuriated by the Polish resistance, and by the tales of the atrocities inflicted on the Russian garrison in Warsaw in the
1734:. Kościuszko's Commission for Order in Kraków recruited all males between 18 and 28 years of age and passed an income tax. The difficulties with providing enough armament for the mobilised troops made Kościuszko form large units composed of peasants armed with
1594:. Russia took 250,000 square kilometres (97,000 sq mi), while Prussia took 58,000 square kilometres (22,000 sq mi) of the Commonwealth's territory. This event reduced Poland's population to only one-third of what it was before the
2050:
After the failure of the Kościuszko Uprising, Poland ceased to exist for 123 years, and all of its institutions were gradually banned by the partitioning powers. However, the uprising also marked the start of modern political thought in Poland and
2136:, significantly limiting any possibility of a career in administration or the military - the traditional career paths of Polish nobles. It also meant that they could not own any land, another blow to their former noble status. But for
1925:. Polish forces withdrew towards Warsaw and started to fortify the city under directions from Kosciuszko and his 16,000 soldiers, 18,000 peasants and 15,000 burghers. On 15 June the Prussian army captured Kraków unopposed. Warsaw was
2018:
Suvorov's troops grew angry due to resistance and also due to tales of atrocities committed against Russian troops in the spring, leading to Suvorov's army to commit to an assault. On 4 November, the joint Russian forces started the
1585:
King Poniatowski's hopes that the capitulation would allow an acceptable diplomatic solution to be worked out were soon dashed. With new deputies bribed or intimidated by the Russian troops, a new session of parliament, known as the
1425:(Commonwealth's parliament) proceedings, deputies bribed by magnates or foreign powers or those simply content to believe they were living in an unprecedented "Golden Age", paralysed the Commonwealth's government for over a century.
2171:, who was awarded estates in Lithuania, was especially infamous, as he personally tortured to death many peasants who complained about worsening conditions. Besides this, the Russian authorities conducted heavy recruiting for the
2131:
regions of the former Commonwealth, were expelled to southern Russia, where they were subject to Russification. Other nobles were denied their nobility status by Russian authorities, which meant loss of legal privileges and
1626:
The King's capitulation was a hard blow for Kościuszko, who had not lost a single battle in the campaign. By mid September he was resigned to leave the country, and he departed Warsaw in early October. Kościuszko settled in
3925:
Nikołajew, S. I. Od Kochanowskiego do Mickiewicza. Szkice z historii polsko-rosyjskich związków literackich XVII–XIX wieku / Tłum. J. Głażewski. Warszawa: Neriton, 2007. 319 s. (Nauka o Literaturze Polskiej za Granicą, t.
1908:
Despite the promise of reforms and quick recruitment of new forces, the strategic situation of the Polish forces, which consisted of 6,000 peasants, cavalry, and 9,000 soldiers, was still critical. On 10 May the forces of
936:
1643:. While Kołłątaj and others had begun planning for the uprising before meeting Kościuszko, his support was a major boon for them, as he was, at that time, among the most popular individuals in the entire Poland.
1065:
6957:
1631:, where many other notable Polish commanders and politicians formed an émigrée community. Soon he and some others began preparing an uprising against Russian rule in Poland. The politicians, grouped around
1040:
1075:
775:
1020:
1505:
7324:
1566:
for well-being and always offers it a helping hand", they wrote. The Confederates aligned with Catherine and asked her for military intervention. On 18 May 1792 the Russian ambassador to Poland,
1818:
days of heavy fighting the Russians, who suffered between 2,000 and 4,000 casualties out of an initial 5,000 strong garrison, were forced to leave the city. A similar uprising was started by
1000:
765:
1762:
was close to none, the news of the victory spread fast and soon other parts of Poland joined the ranks of the revolutionaries. By early April the Polish forces concentrated in the lands of
780:
1913:(17,500 soldiers under General Francis Favrat), crossed the Polish borders and joined the 9,000 Russian soldiers operating in northern Poland. On 6 June Kościuszko was defeated in the
1055:
1080:
2007:, could not control the spreading internal struggles for power and ultimately became only the commander of weakened military forces, while the political power was held by General
1122:
760:
1710:
not to use these powers to oppress any person, but to defend the integrity of the borders of Poland, regain the independence of the nation, and to strengthen universal liberties.
1941:
started and the Prussians were forced to withdraw their forces from Warsaw. The siege was lifted by 6 September when the Prussians and Russians had both withdrawn their troops.
5257:
755:
738:
6167:
1500:
protectorate. "The worst possible news has arrived from Warsaw: the Polish king has become almost sovereign" was the reaction of one of Russia's chief foreign policy authors,
1070:
694:
970:
943:
566:
1045:
1457:" of 1788–92. Poland's neighbors were preoccupied with wars and unable to intervene forcibly in Polish affairs. Russia and Austria were engaged in hostilities with the
6952:
1010:
1339:
7319:
6314:
4028:
2262:
He assumed the position of Supreme Chief National Armed Forces (dictator of the uprising) on October 12th 1794 after the capture of Tadeusz Kościuszko after the
704:
1516:
to the Prussian monarchy by voting a constitution", elaborating that a strong Commonwealth would likely demand the return of the lands Prussia acquired in the
3970:
Kula, Witold. An Economic Theory of the Feudal System: Towards a Model of the Polish Economy, 1500–1800. Translated by Lawrence Garner. New ed. London, 1976.
7006:
1528:
The Constitution was not adopted without dissent in the Commonwealth itself, either. Magnates who had opposed the constitution draft from the start, namely
3817:
2175:
among the population, which meant a practically lifelong service. Since the conditions of serfdom in former Poland due to the exploitation by nobility and
7055:
5131:
4983:
1639:, sought contacts with similar opposition groups formed in Poland and by spring 1793 had been joined by other politicians and revolutionaries, including
1648:
1602:, who saw their actions as a defense of the centuries-old privileges of the magnates, but now were regarded by the majority of the Polish population as
1085:
5174:
1598:. The rump state was garrisoned by Russian troops and its independence was strongly curtailed. Such an outcome was a giant blow for the members of the
1442:
337:
5336:
687:
7021:
6351:
5700:
4485:
1411:
controlled the state – or rather, they managed to ensure that no reforms would be carried out that might weaken their privileged status (the "
750:
1590:, took place, in fall 1793. On 23 November 1793, it concluded its deliberations under duress, annulling the constitution and acceding to the
559:
7140:
4711:
2155:
However, Orthodox Christians were only a small minority in Eastern Belarus at that time; the prevailing majority of the country's population was
2107:. According to S. I. Nikołajew, from the cultural point of view the partitions may have given a step forward towards the development of national
1197:
2246:
He served as the Supreme Head of the National Armed Forces (dictator of the uprising) from the outbreak of the uprising until 12 October 1794, '
1496:
was furious over the adoption of the new constitution, which she believed threatened Russian influence in Poland. Russia had viewed Poland as a
7218:
6885:
6577:
6026:
4973:
4242:
3643:
3603:
1430:
1422:
1282:
6994:
534:
7235:
5603:
5464:
4268:
4091:
1777:, the Russian attempt to arrest those suspected of supporting the insurrection and to disarm the weak Polish garrison of Warsaw under Gen.
800:
680:
4201:
6947:
6942:
6202:
4021:
929:
3195:
552:
6863:
6263:
6022:
5230:
4755:
1247:
1015:
900:
7304:
4236:
4218:
6489:
4356:
4224:
820:
810:
6180:
1706:
in a speech in the Kraków town square and assumed the powers of the Commander in Chief of all of the Polish forces. He also vowed
6344:
6329:
5936:
5420:
5407:
5392:
5358:
5164:
5124:
5006:
4177:
1212:
1147:
1132:
1107:
728:
5503:
5353:
4702:
4254:
1102:
7095:
7026:
6319:
6253:
6117:
5722:
5705:
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5544:
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5527:
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4133:
4014:
1137:
1112:
733:
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3537:
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3435:
3393:
3359:
3332:
3300:
3263:
3171:
3134:
3093:
3059:
3022:
2972:
2935:
2898:
2861:
2824:
2787:
2747:
2709:
2675:
2634:
2597:
2563:
2479:
995:
990:
975:
6974:
6964:
6258:
6127:
5907:
5425:
4510:
4160:
4106:
4096:
2773:
2027:
6999:
1321:
4803:
2030:, Wawrzecki surrendered. This marked the end of the uprising. The power of Poland was broken and the following year the
7213:
7045:
6932:
6411:
6155:
6135:
5678:
5481:
5447:
5117:
4818:
4716:
4055:
3895:
2491:Ставраков, Семен Христофорович // Russian Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 19 (1909): "Смеловский – Суворина", pp. 309–310
1895:
1466:
1375:
134:
64:
2075:
In the lands of partitioned Poland, the failure of the uprising meant economic catastrophe, as centuries-old economic
7155:
6774:
6720:
6715:
6663:
6658:
6648:
6613:
6608:
6598:
6588:
6566:
6561:
6538:
6533:
6508:
6484:
6479:
6464:
6324:
6104:
6018:
5988:
5828:
5762:
4683:
4424:
3776:
2527:
1716:
In order to strengthen the Polish forces, Kościuszko issued an act of mobilisation, requiring that every 5 houses in
1470:
1462:
1005:
501:
4664:
6757:
6693:
6518:
6431:
5794:
5310:
4466:
4037:
2092:
1753:
ordered the corps of Major General Fiodor Denisov to attack Kraków. On 4 April both armies met near the village of
1408:
830:
1860:
1386:
in 1794. It was a failed attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the
7329:
7150:
6910:
6895:
6836:
6195:
6068:
5315:
5305:
4634:
1934:
1663:
1647:
observations, and to meet some sympathetic high-ranking officers in the remaining Polish Army, including general
1623:
the army to 15,000. The dissent in the Polish Army was one of the sparks that would lead to the coming conflict.
1533:
1217:
770:
523:
7299:
7050:
1703:
1579:
6618:
6582:
5887:
5809:
4963:
4948:
4938:
4908:
4748:
2235:
1961:
1575:
1192:
1187:
855:
610:
7314:
6055:
5065:
3988:
1545:
315:
7033:
6784:
6513:
6339:
6334:
6289:
5561:
5452:
5169:
5140:
4472:
4063:
2122:
The conditions for the former Polish elite were particularly harsh in Russian partition. Thousands of Polish
1614:
The Polish military was widely dissatisfied with the capitulation, most commanders considering it premature;
1227:
795:
4000:
3825:
7110:
7080:
7075:
7016:
6905:
6900:
6868:
6809:
6730:
6688:
6571:
6005:
5799:
5510:
4538:
4532:
4262:
1485:
1474:
1252:
1162:
850:
845:
6050:
5060:
7245:
7228:
7100:
6969:
6937:
6873:
6762:
6653:
6638:
6474:
6162:
5941:
5911:
5856:
5851:
5402:
2890:
Disorderly liberty: the political culture of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the eighteenth century
2310:
2148:, the partition may have brought the decline of religious oppression by their formal lords, followers of
1682:
1529:
1489:
1177:
1142:
1060:
985:
895:
865:
2091:
The schooling system was also degraded as the schools in those territories were given low priority. The
2056:
1830:
625:
7309:
7145:
6683:
6673:
6643:
6633:
6248:
6188:
6140:
5875:
5863:
5184:
5159:
4672:
4101:
3637:
3597:
2451:
2103:; only in territories acquired by Austria was there relatively little governmental intervention in the
1885:
1699:
1591:
1478:
1387:
1182:
1167:
490:
2657:
1876:
630:
6984:
6878:
6678:
5973:
5880:
5289:
4857:
4845:
4741:
4645:
4639:
4591:
4085:
3292:
Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries
3255:
Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries
2065:
1741:
1595:
1541:
1517:
910:
870:
109:
5267:
5098:
4978:
1548:, asked Tsaritsa Catherine to intervene and restore their privileges such as the Russian-guaranteed
7125:
6831:
6406:
6210:
5968:
5931:
5001:
4778:
4045:
2507:(in Russian). Vol. 2 (1st ed.). St. Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 45.
2280:
2188:
1094:
354:
1802:
1778:
260:
7038:
6767:
6386:
5978:
5956:
5946:
5710:
5688:
5670:
5490:
5345:
5242:
4893:
4783:
4497:
4396:
4302:
1957:
1823:
1599:
1553:
1391:
1025:
600:
413:
30:
4567:
4170:
3936:
Kalik, Judith (2003). "The Orthodox Church and the Jews in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth".
2555:
2502:
2111:
and arts, since the inhabitants of partitioned lands could acquire the cultural developments of
1965:
304:
7240:
6915:
6436:
6371:
6045:
5923:
5648:
5631:
5598:
5055:
4993:
4903:
4851:
4833:
4788:
4370:
4297:
3887:
2179:
were already severe, discussion exists on how partitions influenced the life of common people.
1790:
1640:
1493:
1050:
953:
635:
595:
5591:
5520:
4878:
4312:
3792:
3493:
3459:
3290:
3253:
2925:
2888:
2851:
2587:
1758:
1287:
590:
7170:
7130:
6890:
6819:
6268:
6150:
6078:
5961:
5951:
5787:
5515:
5083:
4458:
4307:
3199:
3083:
3049:
2777:
2699:
2263:
2251:
2172:
2116:
1993:
1914:
1434:
1335:
1306:
650:
615:
4809:
3228:
2205:
1899:
1691:
1636:
1615:
1379:
1331:
1275:
198:
6703:
6376:
6273:
6243:
5782:
5653:
5278:
5154:
5039:
4925:
4839:
4692:
4452:
4376:
4122:
3788:
2921:
2112:
2031:
1864:
1501:
743:
6112:
5658:
5618:
5034:
4382:
4274:
2927:
The price of freedom: a history of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the present
1659:
1619:
1310:
655:
326:
293:
219:
8:
7278:
7208:
7065:
6593:
6528:
6299:
5752:
5179:
4883:
4412:
3427:
Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history
3014:
Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history
2964:
Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history
2816:
Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history
2701:
The Russian empire and the world, 1700–1917: the geopolitics of expansion and containment
2626:
Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history
2471:
2008:
1996:. Kościuszko was wounded in the battle and was captured by the Russians, who sent him to
1985:
1918:
1750:
1571:
1509:
1316:
640:
605:
271:
5363:
1578:. The war ended without any decisive battles, with a capitulation signed by Polish King
365:
16:
1794 failed rebellion against the second partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
7268:
7250:
7203:
7185:
7165:
6804:
6556:
6454:
6426:
6309:
6294:
6012:
5774:
5641:
5626:
5573:
5537:
5430:
5375:
5016:
4958:
4625:
4609:
4526:
4443:
4362:
4328:
4280:
4165:
4139:
4128:
4068:
3953:
2548:
2076:
1989:
1383:
1371:
1242:
1222:
645:
457:
159:
154:
97:
68:
4953:
4653:
3461:
Dying With an Enlightening Fall: Poland in the Eyes of German Intellectuals, 1764–1800
1922:
1806:
1302:
620:
7175:
7115:
6922:
6848:
6826:
6725:
6603:
6416:
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6391:
6381:
6216:
6073:
5892:
5868:
5804:
5717:
5608:
5320:
5247:
5078:
4943:
4888:
4770:
4597:
4230:
3957:
3891:
3875:
3858:
3846:
3772:
3698:
3664:
3565:
3533:
3499:
3465:
3431:
3389:
3355:
3328:
3296:
3259:
3167:
3130:
3089:
3055:
3045:
3018:
2968:
2931:
2894:
2857:
2820:
2783:
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2705:
2671:
2630:
2593:
2559:
2523:
2475:
2149:
2108:
1981:
1944:
1855:
1805:. The insurgents were aided by the incompetence of Russian ambassador and commander,
980:
905:
875:
805:
435:
381:
177:
172:
81:
1819:
424:
230:
7160:
7105:
7011:
6752:
6523:
6493:
6459:
6304:
6037:
5897:
5836:
5769:
5747:
5727:
5586:
5566:
5435:
4968:
4933:
4603:
4478:
4437:
4406:
4183:
3945:
2409:
2394:
2379:
2364:
2333:
2193:
2137:
2004:
1997:
1695:
1537:
1433:
reduced to around 16,000, it was easy for its neighbors to intervene directly (The
880:
446:
249:
234:
6083:
5088:
3421:
3222:
3008:
2958:
2810:
2620:
1984:
and ordered it to join up with the corps under Ivan Fersen near Warsaw. After the
1666:(1,500 men) decided to disobey the order to demobilise, advancing his troops from
342:
7180:
6927:
6779:
6747:
6421:
6401:
6088:
5841:
5457:
5440:
5093:
4585:
4189:
3871:
3794:
The Historians' History of the World: Switzerland (concluded ), Russia and Poland
3692:
3658:
3527:
3425:
3383:
3349:
3161:
3120:
3012:
2962:
2814:
2733:
2661:
2624:
2356:
2341:
2321:
2198:
2141:
2069:
2060:
2020:
2012:
1412:
660:
468:
4006:
1794:
282:
7263:
7090:
6853:
6843:
6220:
5846:
5011:
2052:
1938:
1798:
1667:
1632:
1567:
1557:
1477:
seemed to provide security against Russian intervention, and on 3 May 1791 the
1458:
1367:
479:
402:
148:
143:
93:
72:
3949:
7293:
7223:
7060:
6698:
2133:
2100:
2096:
1838:
1726:
1717:
1549:
1438:
5109:
2670:] (in Polish). Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. pp. 60–63.
1574:. Russian armies entered Poland and Lithuania on the same day, starting the
6979:
6503:
6469:
6224:
6000:
5757:
5498:
5026:
4418:
4248:
2266:, when the Supreme National Council proclaimed him the head of the uprising
2168:
2079:
became divided and separated from each other, resulting in the collapse of
1603:
1417:
825:
815:
6740:
1754:
1271:
7085:
6814:
6735:
6668:
6498:
5902:
5197:
4793:
4614:
4544:
3771:
Storozynski, A., 2009, The Peasant Prince, New York: St. Martin's Press,
2455:
1930:
1587:
1512:
expressed the fears of European conservatives: "The Poles have given the
1291:
512:
5206:
1813:
when many soldiers of the Russian garrison went to the churches for the
7120:
7070:
6989:
6858:
5387:
5382:
4152:
4146:
2104:
1770:, ready to be sent to Russia, joined the ranks of Kościuszko's forces.
1552:
abolished under the new statute. To that end these magnates formed the
1454:
1117:
5218:
2163:
just for mentioning the name of Kościuszko and his idea of abolishing
672:
544:
6708:
2176:
1973:
1969:
1953:
1898:
first issued złotych banknotes on 8 June 1794 under the authority of
1814:
1810:
1475:
A new alliance between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Prussia
1469:); the Russians also found themselves simultaneously fighting in the
1127:
921:
3129:] (in Polish). Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. p. 167.
1671:
1652:
1295:
7273:
7135:
6145:
4733:
4721:
2779:
Democratic government in Poland: constitutional politics since 1989
2589:
The new Cambridge modern history: The ascendancy of France, 1648–88
2247:
2160:
2128:
1767:
2742:] (in Polish). Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. p. 9.
1980:
Meanwhile, the Russians equipped a new corps commanded by General
1829:
On 7 May 1794, Kościuszko issued an act that became known as the "
5273:
2283:, head of the entire action against the uprising from May 3, 1794
2164:
2145:
2039:
2035:
1910:
1834:
1786:
1782:
1722:
1628:
1257:
76:
2447:
6212:
3995:
3983:
2156:
1844:
1774:
1763:
1735:
1562:
1582:, who hoped that a diplomatic compromise could be worked out.
1327:
3224:
The second partition of Poland: a study in diplomatic history
3081:
2080:
1926:
2474:. – М. : Директ-Медиа, 2014. – С. 151–155. – 1215 с. –
2436:
From the Military History of the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794
2011:, who in turn had to struggle with both the leftist liberal
1570:, delivered a declaration of war to Polish Foreign Minister
1453:
A major opportunity for reform presented itself during the "
2849:
2084:
3849:. Последние годы Речи Посполитой. / ПСС. СПб. 1871. С. 571
2522:(in Polish) (1994 ed.). Wydawn. Ancher. p. 455.
38:
5258:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
2893:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 226.
2458:. – М. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2004–2017.
2250:' until 10 October 1794, when he was captured during the
1730:
7325:
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth–Russian Empire relations
3519:
3295:. Central European University Press. pp. 284–285.
3258:. Central European University Press. pp. 282–284.
2845:
2843:
2656:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3284:
3282:
3247:
3245:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2585:
1917:
by a joint Russo-Prussian force and on 8 June General
1826:
on 23 April and soon other cities and towns followed.
1749:
To destroy the still weak opposition, Russian Empress
1720:
delegate at least one able male soldier equipped with
1481:
was read and adopted to overwhelming popular support.
7007:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
3787:
3498:. University of Washington Press. pp. 282–285.
3198:. Polish Academic Information Center. Archived from
3155:
3153:
2920:
2840:
3684:
3650:
3409:
3341:
3279:
3242:
2988:
2951:
2882:
2880:
2517:
1977:territories, and soon retreated to Central Poland.
163:
3929:
3220:
3193:
3051:The transformation of European politics, 1763–1848
2850:Robert Bideleux; Ian Jeffries (January 28, 1998).
2547:
1948:Polish Grenadiers in peasant costumes, Kraków 1794
4036:
3150:
3044:
2541:
2539:
1958:Vilnius was besieged and capitulated on 12 August
7291:
7022:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
6352:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
3690:
3656:
3632:(in Polish). Vol. 14. Wrocław. p. 434.
3628:Herbst, Stanisław (1969). "Tadeusz Kościuszko".
3592:(in Polish). Vol. 14. Wrocław. p. 433.
3588:Herbst, Stanisław (1969). "Tadeusz Kościuszko".
3559:
3525:
3347:
3322:
2877:
2740:Passing and defense of the Constitution of May 3
2592:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 561–562.
1556:. The Confederation's proclamation, prepared in
7141:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
7056:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
5048:
4712:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
3815:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3118:
2803:
2731:
2697:
2650:
2613:
2511:
2225:They did not participate in active hostilities.
1791:uprising against the Russian garrison of Warsaw
113:Disappearance of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
5469:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
5175:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3288:
3251:
2886:
2853:A history of eastern Europe: crisis and change
2772:
2536:
1421:rule which enabled any deputy to paralyze the
1402:
6995:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
6196:
5139:
5125:
4749:
4022:
3935:
3420:
3375:
3316:
3007:
2957:
2809:
2619:
2545:
1523:
937:
688:
560:
3888:"Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 24"
3491:
3457:
3187:
2500:
1964:achieved some success. A Polish corps under
1902:. The 50 and 100 złotych are depicted above.
1429:democratic power on their borders. With the
6948:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
6943:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
5465:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
5453:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
4826:
3718:
3381:
3159:
3114:
3112:
2704:. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–42.
2579:
2015:and the rightist and monarchical nobility.
1809:, and the chosen day being the Thursday of
1664:1st Greater Polish National Cavalry Brigade
1342:. Kościuszko was wounded and taken captive.
7320:1794 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
6264:Military history of the Russian Federation
6203:
6189:
5311:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
5132:
5118:
4756:
4742:
4319:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
4029:
4015:
3642:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3602:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3553:
3451:
3127:Passing and Fall of the May 3 Constitution
3088:. Cambridge University Press. p. 84.
2768:
2766:
2586:Francis Ludwig Carsten (January 1, 1961).
1848:, the word being previously equivalent to
1294:, oil on canvas, 1888, National Museum in
944:
930:
695:
681:
567:
553:
6514:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
5316:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
5306:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3583:
3581:
3038:
2725:
1937:on 13 July. On 20 August, an uprising in
1745:Act of Kościuszko Uprising, 24 March 1794
1506:Friedrich Wilhelm von Schulenburg-Kehnert
1320:Hanging traitors in effigie, painting by
5604:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
3781:
3214:
3109:
3082:Jerzy Lukowski; Hubert Zawadzki (2001).
1943:
1854:
1842:were officially regarded as part of the
1740:
1681:
1326:
1315:
1301:
1281:
1270:
6475:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
6345:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
5165:History of Polish intelligence services
4533:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
4269:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
3964:
3327:. Wydawnictwo "Śląsk". pp. 38–39.
3166:. Wydawn. Lubelskie. pp. 325–326.
3054:. Oxford University Press. p. 84.
2914:
2763:
2127:nobility, especially in Lithuanian and
1797:, in the face of indecisiveness of the
702:
574:
7292:
7096:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
7027:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
6886:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
6864:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
6578:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
6254:Military history of the Russian Empire
6118:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
3908:
3906:
3904:
3809:
3627:
3610:
3587:
3578:
3495:The Polish-Lithuanian State: 1386-1795
3122:Uchwalenie i obrona Konstytucji 3 Maja
3075:
2782:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 11–12.
2735:Uchwalenie i obrona Konstytucji 3 Maja
2042:annexed the remainder of the country.
951:
7246:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
6624:Russian colonization of North America
6184:
5511:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
5113:
4737:
4010:
3485:
2554:. Columbia University Press. p.
2550:God's Playground: The origins to 1795
1448:
925:
676:
548:
6259:Military history of the Soviet Union
5701:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
5354:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
4763:
4255:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
4092:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
3912:Anna Radziwił, Wojciech Roszkowski,
3385:Geneza i obalenie Konstytucji 3 maja
3227:. Harvard University Press. p.
3163:Geneza i obalenie Konstytucji 3 maja
1861:peasant grenadier soldiers in Kraków
1407:By the early 18th century, the
7000:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
5937:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
5007:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
4486:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
3901:
3564:. Wydawnictwo "Śląsk". p. 55.
2691:
2467:Вторая польская война 1795 года //
2003:The new commander of the uprising,
1833:", in which he partially abolished
1322:Jean Pierre Norblin de la Gourdaine
13:
7046:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
6412:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
3562:Od Jakobina do księcia namiestnika
3388:. Wydawn. Lubelskie. p. 402.
3325:Od Jakobina do księcia namiestnika
3194:Hon. Carl L. Bucki (May 3, 1996).
14:
7341:
6911:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
4579:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
3976:
3691:Alex Storozynski (January 2011).
3657:Alex Storozynski (January 2011).
3526:Alex Storozynski (January 2011).
3348:Alex Storozynski (January 2011).
2930:. Psychology Press. p. 128.
2887:Jerzy Lukowski (August 3, 2010).
2856:. Psychology Press. p. 160.
2068:, which added to its success and
1929:by 41,000 Russians under General
1609:
1278:taking the oath, 24th March 1794
7305:Resistance to the Russian Empire
6965:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
6758:Russian conquest of Central Asia
6694:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
6490:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
6432:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
5723:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
5426:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
5217:
5205:
5196:
4808:
4802:
4566:
4511:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
4161:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
4107:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
4097:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
3994:
3982:
3464:. Lexington Books. p. 118.
2546:Norman Davies (March 30, 2005).
2501:Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884).
2093:Commission of National Education
1933:and 25,000 Prussians under King
1884:
1875:
1409:magnates of Poland and Lithuania
528:
517:
506:
495:
484:
473:
462:
451:
440:
429:
418:
407:
396:
375:
359:
348:
341:
331:
320:
309:
298:
287:
276:
265:
254:
243:
224:
213:
192:
165:
153:
142:
128:
37:
7251:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
6896:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
6837:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
5706:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
5696:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
5684:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
5637:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
5555:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
5550:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
5545:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
5533:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
5528:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
5421:Władysław the White's rebellion
5408:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
5393:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
5359:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
4635:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
4357:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
4197:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
3919:
3880:
3865:
3852:
3840:
3430:. EJJ Books. pp. 186–187.
3196:"Constitution Day: May 3, 1791"
3017:. EJJ Books. pp. 184–185.
2967:. EJJ Books. pp. 172–173.
2494:
2485:
2461:
2452:Большая российская энциклопедия
2441:
2403:
2388:
2373:
2350:
2070:briefly restored a Polish state
1956:was crushed by Russian forces (
1935:Frederick William II of Prussia
1686:Polish soldiers of the Uprising
1390:(1793) and the creation of the
6933:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
6583:War of the Austrian Succession
5888:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
5679:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
5448:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
4819:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4717:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
4303:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
4178:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
4134:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
3797:. Outlook Company. p. 418
2428:
2315:
2299:
2286:
2269:
2256:
2240:
2236:Greater Poland Uprising (1794)
2228:
2219:
1896:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1757:. In what became known as the
1704:announced the general uprising
1376:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1366:, was an uprising against the
65:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
7156:South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
7034:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
6785:Russian invasion of Manchuria
6775:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
6721:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
6716:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
6659:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
6649:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
6614:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
6609:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
6599:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
6589:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
6567:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
6562:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
6539:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
6534:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
6509:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
6485:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
6480:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
6465:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
6340:List of wars involving Russia
6335:Sino-Russian border conflicts
5795:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
5763:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
5436:1444 war against the Ottomans
5263:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
5253:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
5170:List of wars involving Poland
4984:Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)
4505:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
4492:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
4432:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
4425:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
4391:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
4349:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
4343:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
4337:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
4323:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
4064:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
4038:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
2422:
1467:Austro-Turkish War, 1787–1791
1415:"). Through the abuse of the
1397:
7111:Eritrean War of Independence
7081:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
7076:East German uprising of 1953
7017:Eastern Front (World War II)
6906:Red Army invasion of Georgia
6901:Red Army invasion of Armenia
6869:Estonian War of Independence
6810:Russian occupation of Tabriz
6731:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
6689:War of the Seventh Coalition
6572:War of the Polish Succession
6519:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
5805:War of the Bar Confederation
5800:War of the Polish Succession
4964:1848 Greater Poland uprising
4949:1846 Greater Poland uprising
4939:1806 Greater Poland uprising
4909:1794 Greater Poland uprising
4539:War of the Bar Confederation
4243:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4237:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4225:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4219:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4202:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2668:History of Poland, 1764–1864
2518:Bartłomiej Szyndler (1994).
2504:Generalissimo Prince Suvorov
2414:Польская революция 1794 года
2296:of Russian troops in Ukraine
2045:
1580:Stanisław August Poniatowski
1471:Russo-Swedish War, 1788–1790
1463:Russo-Turkish War, 1787–1792
1382:in Poland-Lithuania and the
7:
7151:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
7101:Sino-Soviet border conflict
6970:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
6938:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
6874:Latvian War of Independence
6763:Russian conquest of Bukhara
6654:War of the Fourth Coalition
6639:War of the Second Coalition
6163:Russian invasion of Ukraine
6056:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
5852:War of the Fourth Coalition
5504:campaign of Stephen Báthory
4467:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
3818:"Insurekcja kościuszkowska"
3630:Polski Słownik Biograficzny
3590:Polski Słownik Biograficzny
3532:. W.A.B. pp. 232–233.
3221:Robert Howard Lord (1915).
3085:A concise history of Poland
2399:Польская кампания 1794 года
2182:
1952:Although the opposition in
1677:
1530:Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
1403:Decline of the Commonwealth
55:24 March – 16 November 1794
10:
7346:
7146:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
6684:War of the Sixth Coalition
6674:War of the Fifth Coalition
6644:War of the Third Coalition
6249:Military history of Russia
6211:Armed conflicts involving
6141:Operation Uphold Democracy
5876:War of the Sixth Coalition
5864:War of the Fifth Coalition
5810:Polish–Russian War of 1792
5185:Warfare in Medieval Poland
5160:History of the Polish Army
4673:June Uprising in Lithuania
4102:Battle of the Vikhra River
3890:Marshall Cavendish, 2001.
2819:. EJJ Books. p. 176.
2663:Historia Polski, 1764–1864
2629:. EJJ Books. p. 156.
2361:rewolucja polska 1794 roku
1962:uprising in Greater Poland
1738:, called the "scythemen".
1700:American Revolutionary War
1658:On 12 March 1794, General
1576:Polish–Russian War of 1792
1534:Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki
1524:Second Partition of Poland
1388:Second Partition of Poland
491:Levin August von Bennigsen
129:
7259:
7194:
6985:Soviet invasion of Poland
6795:
6679:French invasion of Russia
6547:
6445:
6364:
6290:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
6282:
6239:
6232:
6126:
6103:
6064:
6051:Białystok Ghetto uprising
6036:
5996:
5987:
5922:
5881:French invasion of Russia
5827:
5740:
5669:
5582:
5562:Northern War of 1655–1660
5489:
5480:
5416:
5344:
5335:
5298:
5238:
5229:
5191:
5147:
5141:Polish wars and conflicts
5025:
4992:
4923:
4871:
4817:
4800:
4769:
4701:
4682:
4663:
4624:
4592:French invasion of Russia
4578:
4561:
4519:
4290:
4263:Northern Seven Years' War
4211:
4115:
4078:
4054:
4044:
3694:Kosciuszko Ksiaze chlopow
3660:Kosciuszko Ksiaze chlopow
3560:Jadwiga Nadzieja (1988).
3529:Kosciuszko Ksiaze chlopow
3351:Kosciuszko Ksiaze chlopow
3323:Jadwiga Nadzieja (1988).
2520:Powstanie kościuszkowskie
2330:powstanie kościuszkowskie
2326:insurekcja kościuszkowska
2032:third partition of Poland
1364:Polish Revolution of 1794
963:
714:
663:(Second Battle of Warsaw)
586:
184:
121:
110:Third Partition of Poland
47:
43:Kościuszko Uprising, 1794
36:
31:Polish–Russian Wars
28:
23:
7126:South African Border War
7051:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
6953:Chechen uprising of 1932
6634:Russo-Persian War (1796)
5969:Second Silesian Uprising
5286:1156 war against Germany
5283:1146 war against Germany
5002:Battle of Lemberg (1918)
4974:Baikal insurrection 1866
4046:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3816:Grzegorz Reszka (2005).
3119:Krzysztof Bauer (1991).
2732:Krzysztof Bauer (1991).
2698:John P. LeDonne (1997).
2212:
2189:Supreme National Council
2059:and the radical leftist
2057:Proclamation of Połaniec
2034:took place, after which
1972:(2 October) and entered
1831:Proclamation of Połaniec
1596:partitions began in 1772
6768:Khivan campaign of 1873
6619:Russo-Polish War (1792)
6168:Military aid to Ukraine
5979:Third Silesian Uprising
5947:First Silesian Uprising
5942:Polish–Czechoslovak War
5711:Battle of Chocim (1673)
5689:Battle of Chocim (1621)
4894:Targowica Confederation
4498:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
4397:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
3950:10.1023/A:1022388603902
3289:Michal Kopeček (2006).
3252:Michal Kopeček (2006).
2658:Józef Andrzej Gierowski
2448:Польское восстание 1794
2369:Польское восстание 1794
1988:(17 September) and the
1600:Targowica Confederation
1554:Targowica Confederation
1392:Targowica Confederation
1360:Polish Campaign of 1794
1352:Polish Uprising of 1794
611:Greater Poland Uprising
414:Ivan Petrovich Saltykov
7330:Wars involving Prussia
7241:Western Libya campaign
6916:East Karelian uprising
6437:Wagner Group rebellion
6372:Uprising of Bolotnikov
6046:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
5989:World War II in Poland
5649:Zebrzydowski rebellion
5632:Moldavian Magnate Wars
5599:Siege of Danzig (1577)
4852:Tyszowce Confederation
4789:Prussian Confederation
4371:Zebrzydowski rebellion
4298:Moldavian Magnate Wars
3697:. W.A.B. p. 245.
3663:. W.A.B. p. 238.
3354:. W.A.B. p. 222.
2438:, Warsaw 1983, p. 173.
2157:Eastern rite Catholics
1949:
1868:
1789:Street resulted in an
1746:
1712:
1687:
1484:With the wars between
1443:Imperial Austrian Army
1437:numbered 300,000; The
1343:
1324:
1313:
1299:
1279:
185:Commanders and leaders
7236:Intervention in Syria
7171:Tajikistani Civil War
6879:Lithuanian–Soviet War
6820:Battle of Robat Karim
6269:Post-Soviet conflicts
6151:2003 invasion of Iraq
6079:Operation Ostra Brama
5974:Polish–Lithuanian War
5788:Battle of Berestechko
5516:War against Sigismund
5290:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
5084:Operation Ostra Brama
4779:1038 Peasant Uprising
4646:Polish–Lithuanian War
4640:Lithuanian–Soviet War
4459:Battle of Berestechko
4308:War against Sigismund
4086:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
3492:Daniel Stone (2001).
3458:David Pickus (2001).
2472:История Русской армии
2384:Вторая польская война
2309:of Russian troops in
2279:of Russian troops on
2264:battle of Maciejowice
2252:battle of Maciejowice
2117:Russian Enlightenment
2026:On 16 November, near
1994:Battle of Maciejowice
1947:
1915:Battle of Szczekociny
1858:
1803:Stanisław II Augustus
1779:Stanisław Mokronowski
1744:
1708:
1685:
1435:Imperial Russian Army
1330:
1319:
1307:Battle of Szczekociny
1305:
1285:
1274:
261:Stanisław Mokronowski
7219:Annexation of Crimea
6923:Central Asian Revolt
6832:Ukrainian–Soviet War
6704:Russo-Circassian War
6387:Pugachev's Rebellion
6330:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
6274:Russian Armed Forces
6244:Early modern warfare
5932:Polish–Ukrainian War
5783:Khmelnytsky Uprising
5346:Polish–Teutonic wars
5155:Early modern warfare
4693:Lithuanian partisans
4453:Khmelnytsky Uprising
4123:Samogitian uprisings
4003:at Wikimedia Commons
3991:at Wikimedia Commons
3828:on 26 September 2007
3789:Henry Smith Williams
3382:Jerzy Łojek (1986).
3160:Jerzy Łojek (1986).
2922:Piotr Stefan Wandycz
2454: : / гл. ред.
1966:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
1921:was defeated in the
1865:They Feed and Defend
1502:Alexander Bezborodko
1350:, also known as the
796:Muscovite/Lithuanian
305:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
7300:Kościuszko Uprising
7279:Sphere of influence
7209:Russo-Ukrainian War
7066:First Indochina War
7039:Soviet–Japanese War
6975:Xinjiang War (1937)
6844:Kazakhstan Campaign
6629:Kościuszko Uprising
6529:Second Northern War
6407:Coup attempt (1991)
6300:Soviet-Finnish wars
6029:during World War II
5815:Kościuszko Uprising
5779:1644 Tatar Invasion
5753:Fedorovych uprising
5744:1624 Tatar Invasion
5671:Polish–Ottoman wars
5623:1593 Tatar Invasion
5615:1589 Tatar Invasion
5592:Battle of Lubieszów
5521:Battle of Stångebro
5491:Polish–Swedish wars
5398:Thirteen Years' War
5268:Miecław's Rebellion
5243:Polish–Veletian War
5180:Polish Armed Forces
5148:General and related
4899:Kościuszko Uprising
4884:Radom Confederation
4879:Słuck Confederation
4550:Kościuszko Uprising
4449:1644 Tatar Invasion
4413:Fedorovych uprising
4403:1624 Tatar Invasion
4313:Battle of Stångebro
4171:Battle of Pabaiskas
3989:Kościuszko Uprising
3202:on December 5, 2008
2346:Kościuszko-Aufstand
1986:Battle of Krupczyce
1837:in Poland, granted
1759:Battle of Racławice
1751:Catherine the Great
1694:, a veteran of the
1662:, the commander of
1572:Joachim Chreptowicz
1510:Ewald von Hertzberg
1348:Kościuszko Uprising
1340:Jan Bogumił Plersch
1288:Battle of Racławice
706:Polish–Russian Wars
578:Kościuszko Uprising
502:Fyodor F. Buxhöwden
138:(Kościuszko rebels)
24:Kościuszko Uprising
7315:Tadeusz Kościuszko
7269:Russian Revolution
7204:Russo-Georgian War
7186:Second Chechen War
7166:Georgian Civil War
6805:Russo-Japanese War
6557:Great Northern War
6455:Russo-Crimean Wars
6427:Second Chechen War
6325:Russo-Turkish wars
6320:Russo-Swedish wars
6310:Russo-Persian Wars
6295:Russo-Crimean Wars
6156:Occupation of Iraq
6136:War in Afghanistan
6013:Invasion of Poland
5908:fighting in Poland
5829:Poland partitioned
5775:Ostryanyn uprising
5627:Nalyvaiko Uprising
5574:Great Northern War
5538:Battle of Kircholm
5431:Battle of Grotniki
5403:War of the Priests
5376:Battle of Grunwald
5017:Silesian Uprisings
4959:Galician slaughter
4703:Restored Lithuania
4626:Interwar Lithuania
4610:Revolution of 1905
4527:Great Northern War
4444:Ostryanyn uprising
4363:Battle of Klushino
4329:Battle of Kircholm
4281:Nalyvaiko Uprising
4140:Battle of Grunwald
4129:Lithuanian Crusade
4069:Lithuanian Crusade
4001:Tadeusz Kościuszko
3914:Historia 1789-1871
2434:Stanisław Herbst,
2338:Восстание Костюшко
2206:Racławice Panorama
2138:Orthodox Christian
1990:Battle of Terespol
1950:
1900:Tadeusz Kościuszko
1869:
1747:
1692:Tadeusz Kościuszko
1690:On 24 March 1794,
1688:
1616:Tadeusz Kościuszko
1449:Attempts at reform
1384:Prussian partition
1380:Tadeusz Kościuszko
1344:
1325:
1314:
1300:
1280:
1276:Tadeusz Kościuszko
955:Polish–German Wars
458:Alexander Tormasov
355:Eustachy Sanguszko
199:Tadeusz Kościuszko
160:Kingdom of Prussia
98:Kingdom of Prussia
69:Prussian Partition
7310:Conflicts in 1794
7287:
7286:
7176:First Chechen War
7131:Soviet–Afghan War
7116:Angolan Civil War
6891:Polish–Soviet War
6849:Finnish Civil War
6827:Russian Civil War
6726:November Uprising
6664:Anglo-Russian War
6604:Bar Confederation
6417:First Chechen War
6397:Russian Civil War
6392:Decembrist revolt
6382:Bulavin Rebellion
6377:Razin's Rebellion
6360:
6359:
6315:Russo-Polish Wars
6283:Lists by opponent
6178:
6177:
6113:Racibórz Conflict
6105:People's Republic
6099:
6098:
6074:Operation Tempest
5952:Polish–Soviet War
5893:November Uprising
5869:Austro-Polish War
5857:Prussian campaign
5823:
5822:
5718:Great Turkish War
5659:Battle of Humenné
5654:Thirty Years' War
5642:Battle of Kłuszyn
5619:Kosiński uprising
5609:Battle of Byczyna
5476:
5475:
5388:Gollub War (1422)
5383:Hunger War (1414)
5331:
5330:
5321:Battle of Legnica
5272:1072 war against
5248:Battle of Cedynia
5107:
5106:
5079:Operation Tempest
5074:
5073:
5035:Czortków uprising
4979:Łódź insurrection
4944:November Uprising
4919:
4918:
4889:Bar Confederation
4867:
4866:
4771:Kingdom of Poland
4731:
4730:
4684:Soviet occupation
4598:November Uprising
4559:
4558:
4383:Battle of Humenné
4377:Thirty Years' War
4275:Kosiński uprising
4231:Glinski rebellion
3999:Media related to
3987:Media related to
3876:Massacre of Praga
3704:978-83-7414-930-3
3670:978-83-7414-930-3
3638:cite encyclopedia
3598:cite encyclopedia
3571:978-83-216-0682-8
3539:978-83-7414-930-3
3505:978-0-295-98093-5
3471:978-0-7391-0153-7
3437:978-0-7818-0637-4
3395:978-83-222-0313-2
3361:978-83-7414-930-3
3334:978-83-216-0682-8
3302:978-963-7326-52-3
3265:978-963-7326-52-3
3173:978-83-222-0313-2
3136:978-83-02-04615-5
3095:978-0-521-55917-1
3061:978-0-19-820654-5
3046:Paul W. Schroeder
3024:978-0-7818-0637-4
2974:978-0-7818-0637-4
2937:978-0-415-25491-5
2900:978-1-4411-4812-4
2863:978-0-415-16111-4
2826:978-0-7818-0637-4
2789:978-0-333-77475-5
2749:978-83-02-04615-5
2711:978-0-19-510927-6
2677:978-83-01-03732-1
2636:978-0-7818-0637-4
2599:978-0-521-04544-5
2565:978-0-231-12817-9
2480:978-5-4475-1048-0
2469:Керсновский А. А.
2150:Roman Catholicism
2109:Polish literature
2066:French Revolution
1982:Aleksandr Suvorov
1660:Antoni Madaliński
1641:Ignacy Działyński
1620:Józef Poniatowski
1546:Józef Kossakowski
1494:Empress Catherine
1490:Sweden and Russia
1486:Turkey and Russia
1445:, 200,000 each).
1431:Commonwealth Army
1374:influence on the
1356:Second Polish War
1311:Michał Stachowicz
1266:
1265:
966:Holy Roman Empire
919:
918:
789:Tsardom of Russia
670:
669:
543:
542:
524:Friedrich Wilhelm
436:Wilhelm Derfelden
382:Alexander Suvorov
327:Józef Poniatowski
316:Michał Wielhorski
294:Antoni Chlewiński
220:Antoni Madaliński
178:Habsburg monarchy
173:Holy Roman Empire
117:
116:
82:Russian Partition
7337:
7161:Transnistria War
7106:War of Attrition
7012:Continuation War
6961:
6753:January Uprising
6594:Seven Years' War
6494:Time of Troubles
6460:Russo-Kazan Wars
6305:Russo-Kazan Wars
6237:
6236:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6182:
6181:
6069:Italian Campaign
6038:Ghetto uprisings
6025:, and
5994:
5993:
5957:Battle of Warsaw
5898:January Uprising
5837:Denisko uprising
5770:Pavlyuk uprising
5748:Zhmaylo uprising
5728:Battle of Vienna
5587:Danzig rebellion
5487:
5486:
5364:Battle of Płowce
5342:
5341:
5337:Jagiellon Poland
5299:Mongol invasions
5236:
5235:
5221:
5209:
5200:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5111:
5110:
5049:Ghetto uprisings
5046:
5045:
4969:January Uprising
4934:Denisko uprising
4869:
4868:
4846:Kostka-Napierski
4824:
4823:
4812:
4806:
4764:Polish uprisings
4758:
4751:
4744:
4735:
4734:
4604:January Uprising
4570:
4438:Pavlyuk uprising
4407:Zhmaylo uprising
4184:Crusade of Varna
4166:Battle of Ašmena
4052:
4051:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4008:
4007:
3998:
3986:
3971:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3933:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3899:
3884:
3878:
3869:
3863:
3856:
3850:
3847:Н. И. Костомаров
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3824:. Archived from
3822:polskiedzieje.pl
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3785:
3779:
3769:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3418:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3286:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3005:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2553:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2465:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2432:
2416:
2407:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2377:
2371:
2354:
2348:
2319:
2313:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2273:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2194:Polish Uprisings
2159:. Peasants were
2005:Tomasz Wawrzecki
1998:Saint Petersburg
1888:
1879:
1863:with the words "
1696:Continental Army
1592:Second Partition
1538:Seweryn Rzewuski
1479:new constitution
958:
956:
946:
939:
932:
923:
922:
722:
709:
707:
697:
690:
683:
674:
673:
601:Vilnius Uprising
581:
579:
569:
562:
555:
546:
545:
533:
532:
531:
522:
521:
520:
511:
510:
509:
500:
499:
498:
489:
488:
487:
478:
477:
476:
467:
466:
465:
456:
455:
454:
447:Pavel Tsitsianov
445:
444:
443:
434:
433:
432:
423:
422:
421:
412:
411:
410:
401:
400:
399:
380:
379:
378:
366:Romuald Giedroyć
364:
363:
362:
353:
352:
351:
345:
338:Stefan Grabowski
336:
335:
334:
325:
324:
323:
314:
313:
312:
303:
302:
301:
292:
291:
290:
281:
280:
279:
270:
269:
268:
259:
258:
257:
250:Tomasz Wawrzecki
248:
247:
246:
239:
229:
228:
227:
218:
217:
216:
197:
196:
195:
175:
171:
169:
168:
158:
157:
147:
146:
135:Poland–Lithuania
133:
132:
131:
49:
48:
41:
21:
20:
7345:
7344:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7255:
7196:
7190:
7181:War of Dagestan
6955:
6928:August Uprising
6797:
6791:
6780:Boxer Rebellion
6748:Amur Annexation
6549:
6543:
6447:
6441:
6422:War of Dagestan
6402:August Uprising
6356:
6278:
6228:
6209:
6179:
6174:
6122:
6095:
6089:Warsaw Uprising
6060:
6032:
5983:
5924:Second Republic
5918:
5842:Napoleonic Wars
5819:
5736:
5665:
5578:
5472:
5458:Battle of Orsha
5441:Battle of Varna
5412:
5327:
5294:
5279:Siege of Głogów
5225:
5224:
5213:
5189:
5143:
5138:
5108:
5103:
5099:Kraków Uprising
5094:Warsaw Uprising
5070:
5044:
5040:Zamość uprising
5021:
4994:Second Republic
4988:
4954:Kraków uprising
4915:
4904:Warsaw Uprising
4863:
4813:
4807:
4798:
4765:
4762:
4732:
4727:
4697:
4678:
4659:
4654:Klaipėda Revolt
4620:
4586:Napoleonic Wars
4574:
4573:
4555:
4515:
4286:
4207:
4190:Battle of Varna
4111:
4074:
4040:
4035:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3885:
3881:
3872:Battle of Praga
3870:
3866:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3786:
3782:
3770:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3655:
3651:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3611:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3419:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3287:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3250:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3158:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3117:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3006:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2885:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2848:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2771:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2516:
2512:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2466:
2462:
2446:
2442:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2408:
2404:
2393:
2389:
2378:
2374:
2355:
2351:
2320:
2316:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2287:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2199:Battle of Praga
2185:
2142:Western Ukraine
2055:. Kościuszko's
2048:
2021:Battle of Praga
2013:Polish Jacobins
1923:Battle of Chełm
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1859:Flag of Polish
1807:Iosif Igelström
1781:by seizing the
1773:On 17 April in
1680:
1612:
1526:
1518:First Partition
1451:
1413:Golden Freedoms
1405:
1400:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1232:
1206:Weimar Republic
1202:
1152:
1090:
1030:
959:
954:
952:
950:
920:
915:
885:
835:
785:
720:
710:
705:
703:
701:
671:
666:
596:Warsaw Uprising
582:
577:
575:
573:
539:
529:
527:
526:
518:
516:
515:
507:
505:
504:
496:
494:
493:
485:
483:
482:
474:
472:
471:
469:Pyotr Bagration
463:
461:
460:
452:
450:
449:
441:
439:
438:
430:
428:
427:
419:
417:
416:
408:
406:
405:
397:
395:
392:
391:
376:
374:
370:
360:
358:
357:
349:
347:
346:
332:
330:
329:
321:
319:
318:
310:
308:
307:
299:
297:
296:
288:
286:
285:
277:
275:
274:
266:
264:
263:
255:
253:
252:
244:
242:
241:
235:
225:
223:
222:
214:
212:
209:
208:
193:
191:
166:
164:
162:
152:
151:
141:
137:
127:
112:
105:
92:Victory of the
84:
80:
67:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7343:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7264:Russian Winter
7260:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7206:
7200:
7198:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7091:Vlora incident
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
7003:
7002:
6992:
6987:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6861:
6856:
6854:Sochi conflict
6851:
6846:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6777:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6580:
6575:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6553:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6240:
6234:
6230:
6229:
6208:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6143:
6138:
6132:
6130:
6128:Third Republic
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6109:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6071:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6042:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6015:
6010:
6009:
6008:
5997:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5962:Kiev offensive
5959:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5849:
5847:Peninsular War
5844:
5839:
5833:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5780:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5681:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5621:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5601:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5495:
5493:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5450:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5211:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5012:Sejny Uprising
5009:
5004:
4998:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4928:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4830:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4738:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4669:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4643:
4631:
4629:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4450:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4126:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4049:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4005:
4004:
3992:
3978:
3977:External links
3975:
3973:
3972:
3963:
3944:(2): 229–237.
3938:Jewish History
3928:
3918:
3900:
3896:978-0761472896
3886:Peter Hagget.
3879:
3864:
3851:
3839:
3808:
3780:
3717:
3703:
3683:
3669:
3649:
3609:
3577:
3570:
3552:
3538:
3518:
3504:
3484:
3470:
3450:
3436:
3408:
3394:
3374:
3360:
3340:
3333:
3315:
3301:
3278:
3264:
3241:
3213:
3186:
3172:
3149:
3135:
3108:
3094:
3074:
3060:
3037:
3023:
2987:
2973:
2950:
2936:
2913:
2899:
2876:
2862:
2839:
2825:
2802:
2788:
2774:George Sanford
2762:
2748:
2724:
2710:
2690:
2676:
2649:
2635:
2612:
2598:
2578:
2564:
2535:
2528:
2510:
2493:
2484:
2460:
2440:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2402:
2387:
2372:
2349:
2314:
2298:
2285:
2268:
2255:
2239:
2227:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2053:Central Europe
2047:
2044:
2009:Józef Zajączek
1939:Greater Poland
1919:Józef Zajączek
1893:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1820:Jakub Jasiński
1799:King of Poland
1679:
1676:
1649:Józef Wodzicki
1633:Ignacy Potocki
1611:
1610:Growing unrest
1608:
1568:Yakov Bulgakov
1558:St. Petersburg
1525:
1522:
1492:having ended,
1459:Ottoman Empire
1450:
1447:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1298:. 4 April 1794
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:Teutonic Order
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
964:
961:
960:
949:
948:
941:
934:
926:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
892:
891:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
842:
841:
839:Russian Empire
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
792:
791:
784:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
747:
746:
736:
731:
725:
724:
715:
712:
711:
700:
699:
692:
685:
677:
668:
667:
665:
664:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
587:
584:
583:
572:
571:
564:
557:
549:
541:
540:
538:
537:
480:Valerian Zubov
425:Osip Igelström
403:Nikolai Repnin
387:
386:
385:
371:
369:
368:
272:Józef Zajączek
231:Jakub Jasiński
204:
203:
202:
187:
186:
182:
181:
149:Russian Empire
139:
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
114:
107:
101:
100:
94:Russian Empire
90:
86:
85:
73:Greater Poland
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7342:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7261:
7258:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7230:
7229:2022 invasion
7227:
7225:
7224:War in Donbas
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7193:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
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7167:
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7162:
7159:
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7149:
7147:
7144:
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7132:
7129:
7127:
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7122:
7119:
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7112:
7109:
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7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7061:Ili Rebellion
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7025:
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7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6959:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6794:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6699:Caucasian War
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6206:
6201:
6199:
6194:
6192:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6084:Lwów uprising
6082:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6028:
6027:contributions
6024:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6006:Eastern Front
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5913:
5912:Eastern Front
5909:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
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5168:
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5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5130:
5128:
5123:
5121:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:Lwów Uprising
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4759:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4652:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
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4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
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4583:
4581:
4577:
4569:
4565:
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4551:
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4537:
4534:
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4525:
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4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4499:
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4493:
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4327:
4326:
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4321:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
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4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
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4232:
4229:
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4220:
4217:
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4210:
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4138:
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4124:
4121:
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4114:
4108:
4105:
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4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
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4077:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
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4059:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3922:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3848:
3843:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3777:9780312388027
3774:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
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3722:
3706:
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3687:
3672:
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3639:
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3624:
3622:
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3605:
3599:
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3584:
3582:
3573:
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3563:
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3541:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3522:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3454:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3422:Jacek Jędruch
3417:
3415:
3413:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3308:September 22,
3304:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3283:
3271:September 22,
3267:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3234:September 22,
3230:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3206:September 21,
3201:
3197:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3009:Jacek Jędruch
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2959:Jacek Jędruch
2954:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2906:September 23,
2902:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2883:
2881:
2869:September 11,
2865:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2811:Jacek Jędruch
2806:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2621:Jacek Jędruch
2616:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2540:
2531:
2529:83-85576-10-X
2525:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2289:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2203:the painting
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:social status
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:Russification
2098:
2097:Germanisation
2094:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2043:
2041:
2038:, Russia and
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1878:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1839:civil liberty
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:Lesser Poland
1714:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1637:Hugo Kołłątaj
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:Cardinal Laws
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:coup de grâce
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:Prussian Army
1436:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1289:
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1199:
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1129:
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1119:
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1111:
1109:
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1097:
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1087:
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1079:
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1059:
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1054:
1052:
1049:
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1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
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992:
989:
987:
984:
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979:
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827:
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809:
807:
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799:
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790:
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708:
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629:
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619:
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614:
612:
609:
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602:
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597:
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592:
589:
588:
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580:
570:
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563:
558:
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551:
550:
547:
536:
525:
514:
503:
492:
481:
470:
459:
448:
437:
426:
415:
404:
394:
393:
390:
384:
383:
372:
367:
356:
344:
339:
328:
317:
306:
295:
284:
273:
262:
251:
240:
238:
232:
221:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
189:
188:
183:
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174:
161:
156:
150:
145:
140:
136:
126:
125:
120:
111:
108:
103:
102:
99:
95:
91:
88:
87:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
6980:World War II
6628:
6504:Smolensk War
6470:Livonian War
6017:Polish
6001:World War II
5814:
5758:Smolensk War
5499:Livonian War
5482:Commonwealth
5231:Piast Poland
5212:
5027:World War II
4898:
4872:18th-century
4834:Zebrzydowski
4827:17th-century
4784:Lizard Union
4705:(since 1990)
4665:World War II
4549:
4520:18th century
4494:(1672–1676)
4475:(1655–1660)
4473:Northern War
4455:(1648–1657)
4421:(1632–1634)
4419:Smolensk War
4393:(1620–1621)
4379:(1618–1648)
4359:(1605–1618)
4325:(1600–1611)
4291:17th century
4251:(1558–1583)
4249:Livonian War
4212:16th century
4186:(1443–1444)
4136:(1409–1411)
4116:15th century
4079:14th century
4056:13th century
3966:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3921:
3916:Warsaw 2000
3913:
3882:
3867:
3854:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:the original
3821:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3793:
3783:
3708:. Retrieved
3693:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3659:
3652:
3629:
3589:
3561:
3555:
3543:. Retrieved
3528:
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3494:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3460:
3453:
3441:. Retrieved
3426:
3399:. Retrieved
3384:
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3350:
3343:
3324:
3318:
3306:. Retrieved
3291:
3269:. Retrieved
3254:
3232:. Retrieved
3223:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:the original
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3162:
3140:. Retrieved
3126:
3121:
3099:. Retrieved
3084:
3077:
3065:. Retrieved
3050:
3040:
3028:. Retrieved
3013:
2978:. Retrieved
2963:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2926:
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2889:
2867:. Retrieved
2852:
2830:. Retrieved
2815:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2778:
2753:. Retrieved
2739:
2734:
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2700:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2667:
2662:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2625:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2588:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2549:
2519:
2513:
2503:
2496:
2487:
2468:
2463:
2456:Ю. С. Осипов
2443:
2435:
2430:
2413:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2276:
2271:
2258:
2242:
2230:
2221:
2204:
2173:Russian army
2169:Platon Zubov
2154:
2140:peasants of
2123:
2121:
2090:
2088:population.
2074:
2049:
2025:
2017:
2002:
1979:
1951:
1907:
1849:
1843:
1828:
1795:Jan Kiliński
1772:
1748:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1689:
1657:
1645:
1625:
1613:
1584:
1527:
1513:
1497:
1483:
1452:
1427:
1418:liberum veto
1416:
1406:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1236:Nazi Germany
1235:
1205:
1172:
1155:
1093:
1033:
965:
889:Soviet Union
888:
860:
838:
788:
718:
636:First Warsaw
576:
535:Johann Yorck
388:
373:
283:Józef Bielak
236:
205:
190:
122:Belligerents
29:Part of the
7086:Vietnam War
6956: [
6815:World War I
6736:Crimean War
6669:Finnish War
6585:(1740–1748)
6574:(1733–1738)
6499:Ingrian War
6215:(including
5903:World War I
5066:Częstochowa
4860:(1665–1666)
4842:(1648–1657)
4840:Khmelnytsky
4794:Chicken War
4724:(2003–2011)
4686:(1944–1990)
4648:(1919–1920)
4642:(1918–1919)
4628:(1918–1940)
4617:(1914–1918)
4615:World War I
4606:(1863–1864)
4600:(1830–1831)
4588:(1803–1815)
4545:War of 1792
4541:(1768–1774)
4535:(1733–1735)
4529:(1700–1721)
4507:(1683–1699)
4488:(1666–1671)
4469:(1654–1667)
4434:(1633–1634)
4351:(1626–1629)
4345:(1621–1625)
4339:(1617–1618)
4283:(1594–1596)
4277:(1591–1593)
4271:(1587–1588)
4265:(1563–1570)
4257:(1577–1582)
4245:(1534–1537)
4239:(1512–1522)
4227:(1507–1508)
4221:(1500–1503)
4204:(1492–1494)
4180:(1431–1435)
4125:(1401–1409)
4088:(1340–1392)
4071:(1283–1422)
3401:17 December
3179:17 December
1931:Ivan Fersen
1588:Grodno Sejm
1336:Maciejowice
1292:Jan Matejko
1034:Brandenburg
651:Maciejowice
616:Szczekociny
513:Ivan Fersen
104:Territorial
7294:Categories
7121:Ogaden War
7071:Korean War
6990:Winter War
6859:Heimosodat
6446:Tsardom of
6023:resistance
5567:The Deluge
4926:partitions
4924:After the
4858:Lubomirski
4479:The Deluge
4153:Gollub War
4147:Hunger War
3142:January 2,
2755:January 2,
2571:August 13,
2423:References
2177:arendators
2105:curriculum
2083:. Several
1455:Great Sejm
1398:Background
1362:, and the
1332:Kościuszko
1309:, 1794 by
719:Kievan Rus
6741:Åland War
6709:Murid War
6548:18th–19th
5371:Great War
5061:Białystok
4048:(to 1795)
3958:159156200
3801:19 August
3710:2 January
3676:2 January
3545:2 January
3511:8 January
3443:13 August
3367:2 January
3030:13 August
2980:13 August
2832:13 August
2642:13 August
2281:Lithuania
2129:Ruthenian
2046:Aftermath
2028:Radoszyce
1974:Pomerania
1970:Bydgoszcz
1968:captured
1954:Lithuania
1815:Eucharist
1811:Holy Week
1793:, led by
1755:Racławice
1668:Ostrołęka
1618:, Prince
1378:, led by
1338:1794, by
1258:1944-1949
1253:1943-1945
1248:1939-1945
1228:1919-1934
1223:1919-1921
1213:1918-1919
1198:1914-1918
1183:1813-1814
1178:1806-1807
1168:1792-1797
1163:1733-1735
1148:1519–1521
1143:1467–1479
1138:1454–1466
1133:1431–1435
1113:1409–1411
1108:1326–1332
1086:1656-1657
1081:1476-1482
1071:1326-1329
1061:1311-1312
1051:1269-1272
1046:1265-1278
1041:1247-1252
996:1028-1031
991:1003-1018
906:1919-1921
901:1918-1919
896:1914-1918
881:1863-1864
876:1830-1831
866:1806-1807
851:1768-1772
846:1733-1735
831:1654–1667
826:1632-1634
821:1605–1618
816:1558-1583
811:1512-1522
801:1487-1494
776:1139-1142
766:1121-1124
756:1069-1071
751:1030-1031
641:Krupczyce
606:Lipniszki
591:Racławice
7274:Cold War
7136:Gulf War
6492:and the
6365:Internal
6221:Imperial
6146:Iraq War
4722:Iraq War
3898:. p 1740
3859:Duffy C.
3832:29 March
3791:(1904).
3424:(1998).
3048:(1996).
3011:(1998).
2961:(1998).
2924:(2001).
2813:(1998).
2776:(2002).
2660:(1986).
2623:(1998).
2605:June 11,
2305:General
2292:General
2275:General
2248:de facto
2183:See also
2124:szlachta
2061:Jacobins
1927:besieged
1850:nobility
1768:Volhynia
1729:, or an
1678:Uprising
1604:traitors
1498:de facto
1465:and the
1372:Prussian
744:2nd Kiev
646:Terespol
60:Location
7214:Outline
7197:century
6798:century
6550:century
6233:Related
6217:Tsarist
6021:,
6019:history
5910:on the
5274:Bohemia
3862:spring"
3477:18 June
3101:July 5,
3067:July 5,
2943:July 5,
2795:July 5,
2717:July 5,
2683:18 June
2410:Russian
2395:Russian
2380:Russian
2365:Russian
2334:Russian
2307:en chef
2294:en chef
2277:en chef
2165:serfdom
2161:flogged
2146:Belarus
2077:markets
2040:Prussia
2036:Austria
1960:), the
1911:Prussia
1835:serfdom
1824:Vilnius
1787:Miodowa
1783:arsenal
1736:scythes
1723:carbine
1698:in the
1629:Leipzig
1368:Russian
1156:Prussia
656:Kobyłka
626:Rajgród
237:†
106:changes
77:Kuyavia
6524:Deluge
6448:Russia
6227:times)
6225:Soviet
6213:Russia
5056:Warsaw
4854:(1655)
4848:(1651)
4836:(1609)
4675:(1941)
4656:(1923)
4594:(1812)
4552:(1794)
4461:(1651)
4446:(1638)
4440:(1637)
4415:(1630)
4409:(1625)
4385:(1619)
4373:(1606)
4365:(1610)
4331:(1605)
4233:(1508)
4155:(1422)
4149:(1414)
3956:
3894:
3775:
3701:
3667:
3568:
3536:
3502:
3468:
3434:
3392:
3358:
3331:
3299:
3262:
3170:
3133:
3092:
3058:
3021:
2971:
2934:
2897:
2860:
2823:
2786:
2746:
2708:
2674:
2633:
2596:
2562:
2526:
2478:
2357:Polish
2342:German
2322:Polish
2113:German
1845:nation
1775:Warsaw
1764:Lublin
1672:Kraków
1653:Kraków
1563:gentry
1542:Szymon
1540:, and
1296:Kraków
631:Błonie
389:Others
340:
233:
206:Others
170:
89:Result
6960:]
3954:S2CID
3125:[
2738:[
2666:[
2311:Crown
2213:Notes
2085:banks
2081:trade
1461:(the
721:'
661:Praga
621:Chełm
7195:21st
6796:20th
6223:and
3892:ISBN
3834:2006
3803:2013
3773:ISBN
3712:2013
3699:ISBN
3678:2013
3665:ISBN
3644:link
3604:link
3566:ISBN
3547:2013
3534:ISBN
3513:2013
3500:ISBN
3479:2012
3466:ISBN
3445:2011
3432:ISBN
3403:2011
3390:ISBN
3369:2013
3356:ISBN
3329:ISBN
3310:2011
3297:ISBN
3273:2011
3260:ISBN
3236:2011
3208:2008
3181:2011
3168:ISBN
3144:2012
3131:ISBN
3103:2011
3090:ISBN
3069:2011
3056:ISBN
3032:2011
3019:ISBN
2982:2011
2969:ISBN
2945:2011
2932:ISBN
2908:2011
2895:ISBN
2871:2011
2858:ISBN
2834:2011
2821:ISBN
2797:2011
2784:ISBN
2757:2012
2744:ISBN
2719:2011
2706:ISBN
2685:2012
2672:ISBN
2644:2011
2631:ISBN
2607:2011
2594:ISBN
2573:2011
2560:ISBN
2524:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2234:see
2144:and
2115:and
2099:and
1894:The
1766:and
1727:pike
1635:and
1544:and
1488:and
1441:and
1423:Sejm
1370:and
1346:The
1243:1939
1218:1919
1193:1848
1188:1846
1173:1795
1128:1422
1123:1419
1118:1414
1103:1308
1076:1370
1066:1316
1056:1296
1026:1278
1021:1184
1016:1157
1011:1146
1006:1109
1001:1074
911:1939
871:1812
861:1794
856:1792
806:1508
781:1180
771:1135
761:1092
739:1018
734:1022
96:and
75:and
52:Date
3946:doi
3229:275
2556:254
2450://
1822:in
1785:at
1731:axe
1670:to
1334:at
1290:",
986:979
981:972
976:967
971:963
729:981
7296::
6958:ru
6219:,
3952:.
3942:17
3940:.
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3874:,
3820:.
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3640:}}
3636:{{
3612:^
3600:}}
3596:{{
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2538:^
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2382::
2367::
2363:;
2359::
2344::
2340:;
2336::
2332:;
2328:,
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2167:.
2152:.
2119:.
2072:.
2000:.
1852:.
1801:,
1725:,
1702:,
1655:.
1606:.
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1532:,
1520:.
1473:.
1394:.
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2873:.
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