137:
Maroserana who had migrated north from
Sakalava territory. Peter Wilson – a professor of Anthropology specializing on Madagascar, states that Tsimihety people do not fit the normal assumptions of anthropologists, for these people "didn't create symbols or rituals or tribal rules" like tribes do, but they can "only be described negatively" by what they didn't and don't do. They are thus not a tribe, because they lack tribal ties, lack social compact and have no hierarchical power structure within the ethnic group. Their relationships are centered around biological family and kin.
30:
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146:
58:
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227:
considered suspicious, giving orders was wrong, expecting anyone to be responsible for or would actually do something was wrong, and even concepts such as working for a wage was morally shunned. Graeber states that ultimately, the
Tsimihety were "eventually gobbled up by the state", gave up the utopia, as they sought economic opportunities and infrastructure.
226:
The
Tsimihety represent one of the rare examples where the culture was innately anti-government, where states Graeber, all forms of government had effectively been withdrawn even from countryside and communities. Informal consensus was the basis of local decisions, anyone behaving like a leader was
119:
kingdom, located to their west, where cutting hair at the time of mourning was expected. They are found in mountainous part of the island. They are one of the largest
Malagasy ethnic groups and their population estimates range between 700,000 and over 1.2 million. This estimation places them as the
211:
arrange for labor to build a road near a
Tsimihety village, negotiate the terms with apparently cooperative elders, and return with the equipment a week later only to discover the village entirely abandoned – every single inhabitant had moved in with some relative in another part of the country.
210:
They are marked by resolutely egalitarian social organization and practices. They are, in other words, the anarchists of northwest
Madagascar. To this day they have maintained a reputation as masters of evasion: under the French, administrators would complain that they could send delegations to
136:
The
Tsimihety trace their origins back to the eastern coast, having migrated with their cattle to the Mandritsara plain in the 18th century as leaderless refugees fleeing the slave wars ongoing in their homeland. Soon afterward they accepted the rule of the Volafotsy, a clan associated with the
235:
The
Tsimihety people are patrilineal, and kin relationships with the male ancestors and descendants are most important to both men and women. Their cultural conventions require extended exogamy, which coupled with high birth rates have led to their migration and high diffusion among neighboring
1858:
1848:
187:, when it became a semi-autonomous region within the French Union in 1959, and remained president for 10 years after it gained independence from France in 1960.
127:
Distribution of
Tsimihety people (light yellow in north), compared to other Malagasy ethnic groups. Alternate distribution has been reported by Tofanelli et al.
826:
202:
specializing in the study of anarchist systems, states the
Tsimihety people exemplify a historic social system that accepted no authority and practiced
1469:
1873:
1320:
1970:
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819:
997:
272:, is primarily focused on agriculture. Rice is the staple crop, and the Tsimihety raise cattle. Working on crop land on Tuesday is
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408:"On the Origins and Admixture of Malagasy: New Evidence from High-Resolution Analyses of Paternal and Maternal Lineages"
1895:
236:
ethnic groups. The society is also notable for the social roles expected by a Tsimihety family from a maternal uncle.
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king, brought the entire island under one rule, including the Tsimihety, and abolished the international slave trade.
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115:. Their name means "those who never cut their hair", a behavior likely linked to their independence from
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276:– a taboo – among the Tsimihety. The main economic center among the Tsimihety is in Mandritsara.
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152:, from the Tsimihety ethnic group, was the first president of post-colonial era Madagascar.
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system prevailed among the Tsimihety people before the 19th century. However, in 1823,
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175:. The Tsimihety have been an active part of Madagascar politics ever since.
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Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
257:
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The French colonial rule absorbed the Tsimihety in 1896, as a part of
2865:
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157:
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1011:
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292:
290:
288:
2020:
1955:
946:
406:
Tofanelli, S.; Bertoncini, S.; Castri, L.; et al. (2009).
2245:
916:
891:
484:
482:
285:
1020:
516:
Vayda, Andrew P. (1990). "Actions, Variations, And Change".
703:
The Ethical Condition: Essays on Action, Person, and Value
479:
469:
467:
405:
340:
338:
244:
The language of the Tsimihety people is a dialect of the
365:
558:, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
499:
497:
464:
335:
452:
355:
353:
787:
Freedom by a Hair's Breadth: Tsimihety in Madagascar
573:
724:
Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century
561:
494:
323:
440:
350:
2920:
595:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (2005).
834:
661:Hainteny: The Traditional Poetry of Madagascar
111:who are found in the north-central region of
1036:
820:
636:
371:
268:Tsimihety society and economy, as in much of
594:
296:
2821:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism
1043:
1029:
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813:
313:
311:
309:
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423:
418:(9). Oxford University Press: 2109–2124.
144:
122:
120:fourth-largest ethnicity in Madagascar.
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678:
503:
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302:
2921:
1824:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA
783:
766:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
748:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 74–75.
699:
682:Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology
458:
344:
219:Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology
1024:
808:
741:
615:
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473:
359:
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446:
50:Regions with significant populations
34:Madagascar, the origins of Tsimihety
657:
329:
16:Malagasy ethnic group in Madagascar
13:
727:. University of California Press.
619:Madagascar: The Bradt Travel Guide
131:
14:
2950:
183:, was the first president of the
2885:
1859:International Conference of Rome
1849:International Conference of Rome
790:. University of Michigan Press.
643:. San Francisco, CA: Routledge.
250:Malayo-Polynesian language group
56:
706:. University of Chicago Press.
640:Encyclopedia of African Peoples
588:
548:
536:
509:
412:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1971:Australian Anarchist Centenary
1896:German Revolution of 1918–1919
399:
377:
1:
1610:Decentralized planned economy
1050:
664:. Bucknell University Press.
279:
1205:Proletarian internationalism
556:Language: Tsimihety Malagasy
7:
2934:Ethnic groups in Madagascar
1906:1919 United States bombings
836:Ethnic groups of Madagascar
601:. Oxford University Press.
239:
10:
2955:
2861:Situationist International
1931:Spanish Revolution of 1936
1789:Self-managed social center
721:Ogot, Bethwell A. (1999).
385:"MADAGASCAR: general data"
263:
190:
140:
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2325:
2275:
2000:
1986:Really Really Free Market
1981:1999 Seattle WTO protests
1803:
1675:
1583:
1547:
1500:
1423:
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1295:
1270:Temporary autonomous zone
1195:Permanent autonomous zone
1130:Consensus decision-making
1058:
1006:
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784:Wilson, Peter J. (1992).
530:10.1080/03149099009508481
320:, Encyclopædia Britannica
86:
81:
74:
69:
54:
49:
44:
39:
27:
1976:Carnival Against Capital
1901:Bavarian Soviet Republic
1890:Manifesto of the Sixteen
1784:Radical environmentalism
1733:Independent Media Center
1665:Workers' self-management
1110:Autonomous social center
700:Lambek, Michael (2015).
179:, a Tsimihety from near
1605:Cost the limit of price
742:Perry, Richard (2007).
679:Graeber, David (2004).
622:. Bradt Travel Guides.
297:Appiah & Gates 2005
2401:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1210:Propaganda of the deed
1200:Prefigurative politics
1190:Participatory politics
1135:Conscientious objector
763:Skutsch, Carl (2013).
637:Diagram Group (2013).
616:Bradt, Hilary (2007).
224:
153:
128:
2851:Libertarian socialism
1966:Kate Sharpley Library
1941:Red inverted triangle
1884:High Treason Incident
1874:Congress of Amsterdam
1280:Voluntary association
1090:Anti-authoritarianism
1080:Anarchist criminology
1075:Anarchist Black Cross
685:. Dubois Publishers.
658:Fox, Leonard (1990).
518:Canberra Anthropology
425:10.1093/molbev/msp120
208:
148:
126:
109:Malagasy ethnic group
82:Related ethnic groups
2892:Anarchism portal
2296:Fictional characters
1779:Radical cheerleading
2841:Left-libertarianism
1916:Kronstadt rebellion
1854:Trial of the Thirty
1819:Revolutions of 1848
1761:No gods, no masters
1570:Synthesis anarchism
1560:Anarcho-syndicalism
1548:Types of federation
543:Malagasy, Tsimihety
299:, pp. 230–231.
177:Philibert Tsiranana
150:Philibert Tsiranana
24:
2791:Anti-globalization
2461:Dominican Republic
2286:Anarcho-punk bands
1946:Labadie Collection
1936:Barcelona May Days
1839:Cantonal rebellion
1773:Property is theft!
1739:The Internationale
1693:Anarchist bookfair
1492:Without adjectives
1347:Schools of thought
491:, p. 768–769.
372:Diagram Group 2013
248:, a branch of the
231:Family affiliation
154:
129:
22:
2914:
2913:
2871:Spontaneous order
2801:Anti-war movement
2306:Jewish anarchists
1814:French Revolution
1767:Popular education
1543:
1542:
1260:Spontaneous order
1120:Classless society
1018:
1017:
998:Vazaha (European)
993:Vazaha (European)
797:978-0-472-10389-8
776:978-1-135-19388-1
755:978-0-230-60919-8
734:978-0-520-06700-4
713:978-0-226-29238-0
692:978-0-9728196-4-0
671:978-0-8387-5175-6
629:978-1-84162-197-5
608:978-0-19-517055-9
554:Dm Albro (2005),
476:, pp. 74–75.
347:, pp. 60–61.
332:, pp. 65–66.
252:derived from the
246:Malagasy language
185:Malagasy Republic
173:French Madagascar
101:
100:
2946:
2939:Anarchist theory
2929:Tsimihety people
2890:
2889:
2888:
2781:Anti-consumerism
2776:Anti-corporatism
1926:Amakasu Incident
1869:Strandza Commune
1844:Haymarket affair
1745:Jewish anarchism
1687:A las Barricadas
1655:Social ownership
1640:Market socialism
1615:Free association
1575:Union of egoists
1352:
1351:
1285:Workers' council
1275:Union of egoists
1235:Security culture
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387:. Populstat.info
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254:Barito languages
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40:Total population
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1460:Insurrectionary
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1215:Refusal of work
1100:Anti-militarism
1095:Anti-capitalism
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1555:Affinity group
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1532:
1527:
1525:Post-anarchist
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1498:
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1448:Social ecology
1445:
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1425:Post-classical
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1245:Social ecology
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1227:
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1172:
1170:Horizontalidad
1167:
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1152:
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1142:
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1125:Class struggle
1122:
1117:
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1105:Affinity group
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587:
585:
584:
582:, p. 424.
572:
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547:
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508:
493:
478:
463:
451:
449:, p. 428.
439:
398:
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200:anthropologist
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2501:French Guiana
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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1911:Biennio Rosso
1909:
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1829:Paris Commune
1827:
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1650:Mutual credit
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1595:Communization
1593:
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1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:Philosophical
1383:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:Individualist
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
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1309:
1307:
1306:Animal rights
1304:
1300:
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1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
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1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
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1178:
1176:
1175:Individualism
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:Direct action
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
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1136:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
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1111:
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1078:
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1005:
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996:
994:
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989:
986:
984:
981:
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974:
968:
965:
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960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
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938:
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933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
902:Betsimisaraka
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
847:
845:
841:
837:
830:
825:
823:
818:
816:
811:
810:
807:
799:
793:
789:
788:
782:
778:
772:
769:. Routledge.
768:
767:
761:
757:
751:
747:
746:
740:
736:
730:
726:
725:
719:
715:
709:
705:
704:
698:
694:
688:
684:
683:
677:
673:
667:
663:
662:
656:
652:
650:9781135963415
646:
642:
641:
635:
631:
625:
621:
620:
614:
610:
604:
600:
599:
593:
592:
581:
576:
570:, p. 14.
569:
564:
557:
551:
544:
539:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
505:
500:
498:
490:
485:
483:
475:
470:
468:
460:
455:
448:
443:
435:
431:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
402:
386:
380:
373:
368:
362:, p. 29.
361:
356:
354:
346:
341:
339:
331:
326:
319:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
298:
293:
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271:
261:
259:
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251:
247:
237:
228:
221:
220:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
196:David Graeber
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
151:
147:
138:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
97:
96:Austronesians
93:
92:Bantu peoples
89:
88:Betsimisaraka
85:
80:
77:
73:
68:
65:
53:
48:
43:
38:
31:
26:
2916:
2904:
2897:
2883:
2796:Anti-statism
2786:Anti-fascism
2691:South Africa
2191:Pi i Margall
1888:
1737:
1698:Anarcho-punk
1685:
1660:Wage slavery
1625:Gift economy
1520:Postcolonial
1502:Contemporary
1455:Independence
1402:Collectivist
1321:Love and sex
1150:Deep ecology
1085:Anationalism
1008:
951:
867:Antambahoaka
786:
765:
744:
723:
702:
681:
660:
639:
618:
597:
589:Bibliography
575:
563:
550:
545:, Ethnologue
538:
524:(2): 29–45.
521:
517:
511:
504:Graeber 2004
489:Skutsch 2013
454:
442:
415:
411:
401:
389:. Retrieved
379:
367:
325:
267:
258:Austronesian
243:
234:
225:
217:
209:
194:
170:
155:
135:
104:
102:
19:Ethnic group
2706:Switzerland
2666:Puerto Rico
2651:Philippines
2616:New Zealand
2611:Netherlands
2481:El Salvador
2316:Periodicals
1879:Tragic Week
1750:Lifestylism
1645:Mutual bank
1600:Cooperative
1565:Platformism
1515:Free-market
1443:Primitivist
1326:Nationalism
1255:Somatherapy
1165:Freethought
877:Antankarana
459:Wilson 1992
345:Lambek 2015
181:Mandritsara
2923:Categories
2826:Dual Power
2811:Autonomism
2806:Autarchism
2466:East Timor
2436:Costa Rica
2381:Bangladesh
2376:Azerbaijan
2086:Feyerabend
1723:Freeganism
1373:Illegalist
1311:Capitalism
1250:Sociocracy
1220:Revolution
1185:Mutual aid
1115:Black bloc
962:Zafimaniry
907:Bezanozano
844:Indigenous
580:Bradt 2007
568:Bradt 2007
474:Perry 2007
360:Bradt 2007
280:References
270:Madagascar
113:Madagascar
64:Madagascar
2866:Socialism
2816:Communism
2751:Venezuela
2686:Singapore
2621:Nicaragua
2546:Indonesia
2526:Hong Kong
2521:Guatemala
2366:Australia
2356:Argentina
2327:By region
2311:Musicians
2216:Santillán
2166:Malatesta
2136:Kropotkin
2116:Guillaume
1794:Symbolism
1708:DIY ethic
1585:Economics
1530:Post-left
1475:Christian
1470:Religious
1407:Communist
1392:Mutualist
1356:Classical
1316:Education
1265:Squatting
1225:Rewilding
1160:Free love
1052:Anarchism
1009:See also:
976:Immigrant
952:Tsimihety
872:Antandroy
862:Antaisaka
852:Antaifasy
447:Ogot 1999
318:Tsimihety
158:anarchist
105:Tsimihety
70:Languages
45:1,200,000
2899:Category
2661:Portugal
2641:Paraguay
2601:Mongolia
2586:Malaysia
2431:Colombia
2411:Bulgaria
2201:Proudhon
2161:Maksimov
2141:Landauer
2091:Giovanni
2041:Bookchin
1956:May 1968
1728:Infoshop
1480:Buddhist
1465:Pacifist
1433:Feminist
1412:Magonist
1380:Naturist
1336:Violence
1331:Religion
1230:Sabotage
1060:Concepts
967:Zafisoro
942:Sihanaka
937:Sakalava
922:Masikoro
912:Mahafaly
897:Betsileo
882:Antanosy
857:Antemoro
434:19535740
330:Fox 1990
260:region.
240:Language
214:—
162:Radama I
117:Sakalava
76:Malagasy
2906:Outline
2856:Marxism
2756:Vietnam
2746:Uruguay
2731:Ukraine
2721:Tunisia
2671:Romania
2626:Nigeria
2606:Morocco
2556:Ireland
2536:Iceland
2531:Hungary
2511:Germany
2506:Georgia
2491:Finland
2486:Estonia
2471:Ecuador
2456:Denmark
2441:Croatia
2396:Bolivia
2391:Belgium
2386:Belarus
2371:Austria
2361:Armenia
2351:Andorra
2346:Algeria
2341:Albania
2261:Yarchuk
2236:Tolstoy
2231:Thoreau
2226:Stirner
2221:Spooner
2186:Parsons
2111:Graeber
2101:Goldman
2061:Durruti
2046:Chomsky
2036:Bonanno
2031:Berkman
2026:Bakunin
1805:History
1755:May Day
1677:Culture
1070:Anarchy
1012:Vazimba
391:15 July
264:Economy
204:anarchy
191:Society
141:History
2726:Turkey
2716:Taiwan
2701:Sweden
2681:Serbia
2676:Russia
2656:Poland
2636:Panama
2631:Norway
2596:Monaco
2591:Mexico
2581:Latvia
2561:Israel
2516:Greece
2496:France
2416:Canada
2406:Brazil
2336:Africa
2266:Zerzan
2256:Warren
2241:Tucker
2211:Rocker
2206:Reclus
2196:Pouget
2176:Michel
2156:Makhno
2131:KĹŤtoku
2121:He-Yin
2096:Godwin
2081:Ferrer
2051:Cleyre
2016:Armand
2011:Alston
2002:People
1485:Jewish
1397:Social
1368:Egoist
1297:Issues
947:Tanala
927:Merina
794:
773:
752:
731:
710:
689:
668:
647:
626:
605:
432:
166:Merina
164:, the
107:are a
61:
2711:Syria
2696:Spain
2576:Korea
2571:Japan
2566:Italy
2541:India
2476:Egypt
2426:China
2421:Chile
2301:Films
2291:Books
2277:Lists
2246:Volin
2151:MagĂłn
2126:Kanno
2076:Faure
2071:Ervin
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