Road transport - Knowledge

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side. Size of stones was central to the McAdam's road building theory. The lower 200-millimetre (8 in) road thickness was restricted to stones no larger than 75 millimetres (3.0 in). The upper 50-millimetre (2 in) layer of stones was limited to 20 millimetres (1 in) size and stones were checked by supervisors who carried scales. A workman could check the stone size himself by seeing if the stone would fit into his mouth. The importance of the 20 mm stone size was that the stones needed to be much smaller than the 100 mm width of the iron

1198: 1823: 946: 1904: 138: 1444: 1157: 147: 4359: 2024: 401: 1178: 1575: 1213: 158: 919:, placing a typical macadam layer, and finally sealing the macadam with a mixture of tar and sand. Tar-grouted macadam was in use well before 1900 and involved scarifying the surface of an existing macadam pavement, spreading tar, and re-compacting. Although the use of tar in road construction was known in the 19th century, it was little used and was not introduced on a large scale until the motorcar arrived on the scene in the early 20th century. 36: 661: 693:. The basic principle was that the trustees would manage resources from the several parishes through which the highway passed, augment this with tolls from users from outside the parishes and apply the whole to the maintenance of the main highway. This became the pattern for the turnpiking of a growing number of highways, sought by those who wished to improve flow of commerce through their part of a county. 1541:, or in some cases colored electric lights, all modeled on railroad signals. In the 20th century signals were automated, at first with electromechanical devices and later with computers. Signals can be quite sophisticated: with vehicle sensors embedded in the pavement, the signal can control and choreograph the turning movements of heavy traffic in the most complex of intersections. In the 1920s 1514: 757: 860:). His road building method was simpler than Telford's, yet more effective at protecting roadways: he discovered that massive foundations of rock upon rock were unnecessary, and asserted that native soil alone would support the road and traffic upon it, as long as it was covered by a road crust that would protect the soil underneath from water and wear. 833:

to take place, a major improvement on the work of Trésaguet. The surface of his roads consisted of broken stone. He also improved on methods for the building of roads by improving the selection of stone based on thickness, taking into account traffic, alignment and slopes. During his later years, Telford was responsible for rebuilding sections of the

1475:, one which slowly will "flow" under the pounding of traffic. Concrete is a rigid pavement, which can take heavier loads but is more expensive and requires more carefully prepared subbase. So, generally, major roads are concrete and local roads are asphalt. Concrete roads are often covered with a thin layer of asphalt to create a wearing surface. 825:) is to transfer the weight of the road and its traffic to the ground, while protecting the ground from deformation by spreading the weight evenly. Therefore, the sub-base did not have to be a self-supporting structure. The upper running surface provided a smooth surface for vehicles while protecting the large stones of the sub-base. 1849:

was passed, funding non-toll roads with 90% federal dollars and 10% state match, giving little incentive for states to expand their turnpike system. Funding rules initially restricted collections of tolls on newly funded roadways, bridges, and tunnels. In some situations, expansion or rebuilding of a

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and access to highways but to not parkways and freeways; the latter two are distinguished in that the purpose of a parkway is recreation, while the purpose of a freeway is movement. Thus as originally conceived, a freeway is a strip of public land devoted to movement to which abutting property owners

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between cities and to help rural populations gain the social and economic benefits enjoyed by cities where citizens benefited from railroads, trolleys and paved streets. Even more than traditional vehicles, the newly invented bicycles could benefit from good country roads. Later on, they did not hold

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that gave the local justices powers to erect toll-gates on the roads, in exchange for professional upkeep. The toll-gate erected at Wade's Mill became the first effective toll-gate in England. The first scheme that had trustees who were not justices was established through a turnpike act in 1707, for

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The nature of road transportation of goods depends on, apart from the degree of development of the local infrastructure, the distance the goods are transported by road, the weight and volume of an individual shipment, and the type of goods transported. For short distances and light small shipments, a

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In the 20th century traffic control devices were standardized. Before then every locality decided on what its devices would look like and where they would be applied. This could be confusing, especially to traffic from outside the locality. In the United States standardization was first taken at the

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Shoulders are also an integral part of highway design. They are multipurpose; they can provide a margin of side clearance, a refuge for incapacitated vehicles, an emergency lane, and parking space. They also serve a design purpose, and that is to prevent water from percolating into the soil near the

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Since the completion of the initial portion of the Interstate Highway System, regulations were changed, and portions of toll facilities have been added to the system. Some states are again looking at toll financing for new roads and maintenance, to supplement limited federal funding. In some areas,

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With the development, mass production, and popular embrace of the automobile, faster and higher capacity roads were needed. In the 1920s limited access highways appeared. Their main characteristics were dual roadways with access points limited to (but not always) grade-separated interchanges. Their

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also made substantial advances in the engineering of new roads and the construction of bridges. His method of road building involved the digging of a large trench in which a foundation of heavy rock was set. He also designed his roads so that they sloped downwards from the centre, allowing drainage

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Modern pavements are designed for heavier vehicle loads and faster speeds, requiring thicker slabs and deeper subbase. Subbase is the layer or successive layers of stone, gravel and sand supporting the pavement. It is needed to spread out the slab load bearing on the underlying soil and to conduct

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Also unlike Telford and other road builders, McAdam laid his roads as level as possible. His 30-foot-wide (9 m) road required only a rise of three inches from the edges to the center. Cambering and elevation of the road above the water table enabled rainwater to run off into ditches on either

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in France at the same time. He wrote a memorandum on his method in 1775, which became general practice in France. It involved a layer of large rocks, covered by a layer of smaller gravel. The lower layer improved on Roman practice in that it was based on the understanding that the purpose of this

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Toll roads peaked in the mid 19th century, and by the turn of the twentieth century most toll roads were taken over by state highway departments. The demise of this early toll road era was due to the rise of canals and railroads, which were more efficient (and thus cheaper) in moving freight over

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were usually built by private companies under a government franchise. They typically paralleled or replaced routes already with some volume of commerce, hoping the improved road would divert enough traffic to make the enterprise profitable. Plank roads were particularly attractive as they greatly

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Companies were formed to build, improve, and maintain a particular section of roadway, and tolls were collected from users to finance the enterprise. The enterprise was usually named to indicate the locale of its roadway, often including the name of one of both of the termini. The word

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operate either independently – working directly for the client – or through freight carriers or shipping agents. Some big companies (e.g. grocery store chains) operate their own internal trucking operations. The market size for general freight trucking was nearly $ 125 billion in 2010.

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in current terminology). When the toll was paid the pike, which was mounted on a swivel, was turned to allow the vehicle to pass. Tolls were usually based on the type of cargo being transported, not the type of vehicle. The practice of selecting routes so as to avoid tolls is called

1529:. Most notable to the motorist are those meant to communicate directly with the driver. Broadly, these fall into three categories: signs, signals or pavement markings. They help the driver navigate; they assign the right-of-way at intersections; they indicate laws such as 1053:, contained only one lane in each direction and no interchanges. The Bronx River Parkway was the first road in North America to utilize a median strip to separate the opposing lanes, to be constructed through a park and where intersecting streets crossed over bridges. The 926:, who noticed that spilled tar on the roadway kept the dust down and created a smooth surface. He took out a patent in 1901 for tarmac. Hooley's 1901 patent involved mechanically mixing tar and aggregate prior to lay-down and then compacting the mixture with a 1560:

Besides signals, signs, and markings, other forms of traffic control are designed and built into the roadway. For instance, curbs and rumble strips can be used to keep traffic in a given lane and median barriers can prevent left turns and even U-turns.

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Two hundred years ago these devices were signs, nearly all informal. In the late 19th century signals began to appear in the biggest cities at a few highly congested intersections. They were manually operated, and consisted of semaphores, flags or

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Pavement technology is still evolving, albeit in not easily noticed increments. For instance, chemical additives in the pavement mix make the pavement more weather resistant, grooving and other surface treatments improve resistance to skidding and

453:. Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licensing requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation of the two industries. Movement along roads may be by 1548:

In the 1920s pavement markings were introduced. Initially they were used to indicate the road's centerline. Soon after they were coded with information to aid motorists in passing safely. Later, with multi-lane roads they were used to define

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The quality of early turnpike roads was varied. Although turnpiking did result in some improvement to each highway, the technologies used to deal with geological features, drainage, and the effects of weather were all in their infancy.

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record the times the vehicle is in motion and stopped. Some companies use two drivers per truck to ensure uninterrupted transportation; with one driver resting or sleeping in a bunk in the back of the cab while the other is driving.

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conform to maximum allowed standards. This may involve using on-board weight gauges (load pressure gauges), knowing the empty weight of the transport vehicle and the weight of the load, or using a commercial weight scale. In route

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check that gross vehicle weights do not exceed the maximum weight for that particular jurisdiction and will include individual axle weights. This varies by country, states within a country, and may include federal standards. The

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away any water getting under the slabs. Water will undermine a pavement over time, so much of pavement and pavement joint design are meant to minimize the amount of water getting and staying under the slabs.

1417:, OIML R 134-2 (2009). The process may involve a scale house and low-speed scales or higher-speed WIM road or bridge scales with the goal of public safety, as well as road and bridge safety, according to the 657:, new roads and bridges began to be built, often based on Roman designs. Although there were attempts to rediscover Roman methods, there was little useful innovation in road building before the 18th century. 1647:

reduced rolling resistance and mitigated the problem of getting mired in mud. Another improvement, better grading to lessen the steepness of the worst stretches, allowed draft animals to haul heavier loads.

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long distances. Roads wouldn't again be competitive with rails and barges until the first half of the 20th century when the internal combustion engine replaces draft animals as the source of motive power.

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main pavement's edge. Shoulder pavement is designed to a lower standard than the pavement in the traveled way and won't hold up as well to traffic, so driving on the shoulder is generally prohibited.

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were established with the function of collecting yearly taxes based on the goods carried by the people of Dahomey and their occupation. The Royal Road was built in the late 18th century by King

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built in the 1930s introduced higher design standards and speeds, road planners and road-builders in the United States started developing and building toll roads to similar high standards. The

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used deep roadbeds of crushed stone as an underlying layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow out from the crushed stone, instead of becoming mud in clay soils. The Islamic

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state level, and late in the century at the federal level. Each country has a Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and there are efforts to blend them into a worldwide standard.

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in the 1760s. British turnpike builders began to realize the importance of selecting clean stones for surfacing while excluding vegetable material and clay, resulting in more durable roads.

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Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed 6 ounces in weight or to pass a two-inch ring".

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To avoid accidents caused by fatigue, truckers have to adhere to strict rules for drive time and required rest periods. In the United States and Canada, these regulations are known as

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or other non-motorized mode. Delivery services are sometimes considered a separate category from cargo transport. In many places, fast food is transported on roads by various types of

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and parking regulations; they advise of potential hazards; they indicate passing and no passing zones; and otherwise deliver information and to assure traffic is orderly and safe.

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learned how to coordinate signals along a thoroughfare to increase its speeds and volumes. In the 1980s, with computers, similar coordination of whole networks became possible.

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occurred in the United States between the late 1870s and the 1920s. Advocates for improved roads led by bicyclists turned local agitation into a national political movement.

1886: 625:, there was a need for armies to be able to travel quickly from one region to another, and the roads that existed were often muddy, which greatly delayed the movement of 2706: 2537: 1788:. Several other major toll-roads which connected with the Pennsylvania Turnpike were established before the creation of the Interstate Highway System. These were the 2846: 1947:

strip that kept the wheel from wearing out quickly. Pneumatic tyres, which had a larger footprint than iron tyres, also were less likely to get bogged down in the

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that connected the Ashanti capital with territories within its jurisdiction and influence. After significant road construction undertaken by the kingdom of

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may be used. For large shipments even if less than a full truckload a truck is more appropriate. (Also see Trucking and Hauling below). In some countries

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that traveled on the road. Macadam roads were being built widely in the United States and Australia in the 1820s and in Europe in the 1830s and 1840s.

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and maintenance was supported by national and local governments. In its early years, the main goal of the movement was education for road building in

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to drain quickly into ditches at the side. He understood the importance of good drainage, knowing it was rain that caused most problems on the roads.

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Macadam roads were adequate for use by horses and carriages or coaches, but they were very dusty and subject to erosion with heavy rain. The

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By the late 18th and early 19th centuries, new methods of highway construction had been pioneered by the work of three British engineers,

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Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. The

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In the United States, beginning in 1956, Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the

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interrupted the evolution of the highway, the US resumed building toll roads. They were to still higher standards and one road, the

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From: 'Northern Millwall: Tooke Town', Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44: Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs (1994), pp. 423-433

1966: 1961: 987:, opened in 1908 as a private venture, was the world's first limited-access roadway. It included many modern features, including 560:

may also be locally available. There are also specialist modes of road transport for particular situations, such as ambulances.

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Outside cities, roads were dirt or gravel; mud in the winter and dust in the summer. Early organizers cited Europe where

856:, who designed the first modern roads. He developed an inexpensive paving material of soil and stone aggregate (known as 429: 245: 2441: 2163: 1927:, and speeds increased, the need for smoother roads and less vertical displacement became more apparent, and pneumatic 2503: 79: 2799: 2770: 2513: 2177: 2061: 1615: 879: 119: 4210: 4129: 3175: 1986: 1850:

toll facility using Interstate Highway Program funding resulted in the removal of existing tolls. This occurred in

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Modern controlled-access highways originated in the early 1920s in response to the rapidly increasing use of the

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came into common use in the names of these roadways and companies, and is essentially used interchangeably with

1353:(in American English) or tanker lorries (in British English) (also road-tankers) or special tank containers for 86: 3021: 2948: 2351: 2226: 2038: 1338: 57: 3814: 3182: 1269:), while others transport goods from many different loading stations/shippers to various consignees per run ( 791: 768: 741: 2311: 4238: 4200: 3132: 3045: 1662:

probably originated from the gate, often a simple pike, which blocked passage until the fare was paid at a

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By 1956, most limited access highways in the eastern United States were toll roads. In that year, the

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transportation the trucker will present the cargo and documentation provided by the shipper to

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boasted the longest illuminated stretch of roadway built. A decade later, the first section of

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The newest policy passed by Congress and the Obama administration regarding highways is the

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was opened, based on earlier designs. It has since become North America's busiest highway.

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Some loads are weighed at the point of origin and the driver is responsible for ensuring

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People are transported on roads. Special modes of individual transport by road such as

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US Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Administration (Accessed 2008-10-10)

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The World Beyond the Windshield: Roads and Landscapes in the United States and Europe

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Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them

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in 1799 and eventually extended, by several alternate routes, to near what is now

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The Polish transport company Bedmet uses a special vehicle to transport two large

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Bassett, Edward M. (February 1930). "The Freeway: A New Kind of Thoroughfare".

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improved slowly, initially through the efforts of individual surveyors such as

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Patton, Phil (9 October 2008). "A 100-Year-Old Dream: A Road Just for Cars".

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The Early State in African Perspective: Culture, Power, and Division of Labor

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issued by the shipper provides the basic document for road freight. On cross-

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Arizona - North America - Southwest - Interstate Highway System (4893585908)

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with tar date back to at least 1834 when John Henry Cassell, operating from

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Truck drivers often need special licenses to drive, known in the U.S. as a

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terminology) or haulage companies / hauliers (in British English) accept

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along with relatively gentle grades and curves allowed higher speeds.

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ever built in the world, in 1925, the year following its inauguration.

915:, patented "Pitch Macadam". This method involved spreading tar on the 157: 3977: 3927: 3874: 3789: 3743: 3713: 3703: 3643: 3597: 3554: 3544: 3463: 3433: 3418: 3361: 3217: 3075: 2169: 2146: 1643: 1629: 1262: 1261:. Some road transportation is done on regular routes or for only one 1028: 745: 713: 634: 199: 27:

Collective term for all forms of transport which takes place on roads

3398: 2270: 35: 3809: 3799: 3784: 3774: 3753: 3733: 3698: 3676: 3638: 3629: 3592: 3506: 3279: 3249: 3006: 1912: 1851: 1464: 1452: 916: 912: 865: 486: 290: 255: 220: 2951:. US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. 1679:), or simply to seek a road less traveled as a bucolic interlude. 4124: 4001: 3839: 3769: 3671: 3511: 3483: 3413: 3403: 3299: 2246:(Volume I ed.). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. 1739: 1676: 1526: 1518: 1434: 1289: 1183: 1136: 1124: 1093: 1078: 904: 857: 717: 709: 642: 546: 454: 178: 1318:

Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1979

1296:). This also applies to shipments that are transported out of a 1224:"Trucking" redirects here. For the 1970 Grateful Dead song, see 756: 672:. The highway was deeply rutted and spread onto adjoining land. 660: 3824: 3819: 3738: 3443: 3269: 3122: 2583:, "Apparatus for the preparation of tar macadam", July 26, 1904 1345:

licence is required. For transport of hazardous materials (see

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In Canada, the first precursor with semi-controlled access was

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Asphalt and Politics: A History of the American Highway System

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Surface and Air Transportation Programs Extension Act of 2011

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

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area, they connected the region's system of parks. When the

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Nearly all roadways are built with devices meant to control

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up to higher-speed motor vehicle use. Methods to stabilise

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As states developed and became richer, especially with the

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The first professional road builder to emerge during the

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is transported by road in horse-drawn carriages, donkey

2980:. International Organization of Legal Metrology. 2009. 2203: 1014:" and have been modernized and are still in use today. 975:

evolved during the first half of the 20th century. The

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Modern tarmac was patented by British civil engineer

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when a second parallel roadway to the regional 1958

2898:. European Commission. 19 June 2012. Archived from 2257:Alpern, Stanley B. (1999). "Dahomey's Royal Road". 1931:were developed to decrease the apparent roughness. 1047:and was inaugurated in 1924. This motorway, called 794:, who constructed about 180 miles (290 km) of 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2790:. In Mauch, Christof & Zeller, Thomas (eds.). 2235: 1784:, had standards that became the prototype for the 930:. The tar was modified by adding small amounts of 837:, a task completed by his assistant of ten years, 2624: 2622: 2620: 2464: 2324: 4375: 668:near High gate on the approach to London before 2425: 2406: 1834:was built. It uses 12 foot (3.65m) lanes, wide 1638:Eastlink - Wellington Rd Northbound Toll Gantry 1069:(opened 1936). In Germany, construction of the 751: 497:, and may be regarded as a feature of empires. 2794:. Athens: Ohio University Press. p. 195. 2727: 2617: 2591: 2589: 3022: 2761:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. p. 2535: 2505:Construction UK: Introduction to the Industry 2455: 1753:, so called because of their often park-like 1582:The examples and perspective in this section 1471:respectively. Asphalt is known as a flexible 481:. Standard networks of roads were adopted by 423: 2975:"International Recommendation (OIML R 134-2" 2728:Shragge, John & Bagnato, Sharon (1984). 2529: 2501: 1803: 1148:do not have rights of light, air or access. 2699:"Bronx River Parkway on an Endangered List" 2586: 2136:Webb. English Local Government. pp. 157-159 1907:Tire components -- NHTSA The Pneumatic Tire 1870:new road projects have been completed with 3029: 3015: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2696: 2595: 2495: 2241: 1600:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 505:, while passengers may be transported via 430: 416: 2508:, Oxford: Blackwell Science, p. 51, 2132: 2130: 1616:Learn how and when to remove this message 1001:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices 591:The first methods of road transport were 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 2643: 2431: 2244:Dahomey: An Ancient West African Kingdom 2158: 1902: 1821: 1813: 1633: 1512: 1442: 1211: 1155: 1073:began in 1929 and was opened in 1932 by 944: 878: 843: 755: 676:Starting in the early 18th century, the 659: 578: 525:with all cross traffic grade-separated. 2867: 2821: 2808: 2321:Schools History.org, Accessed July 2011 1749:The first limited access highways were 1654:in the United States is often called a 1151: 1061:was closed in 1937 and replaced by the 883:Modes of road transport in Dublin, 1929 14: 4376: 2928:from the original on 20 September 2018 2752: 2649: 2378: 2342: 2256: 2127: 2111:. American Auto Move. 30 August 2012. 1738:dual roadways allowed high volumes of 3010: 2870:"Truck freight - nothing easier than" 2849:from the original on 22 December 2019 2560:from the original on 9 September 2021 2444:from the original on 14 November 2020 2165:Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800 2115:from the original on 9 September 2013 1521:flow can create delays lasting hours. 3036: 2946: 2785: 2697:Hershenson, Roberta (18 June 1995). 2596:Lenarduzzi, Thea (30 January 2016). 2413:"1823 - First American Macadam Road" 1977:National Transportation Safety Board 1568: 1253:In the U.S. many truckers own their 1160:A truck transporting a container on 955:("Lakes Motorway"; now parts of the 648: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 2949:"Freight Management and Operations" 2896:"What do we want to achieve ?" 2470: 2343:Oxford, Robert (3 September 2003). 2330: 2051: 1972:Transportation in the United States 1826:San Diego Trolley over Interstate 8 1303: 1119:was first used in February 1930 by 599:or even humans carrying goods over 24: 4201:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 1892: 1494: 1100:. This highway developed into the 852:It was another Scottish engineer, 779:, and by the French road engineer 25: 4395: 3002: 2840: 1065:(opened 1931) and the contiguous 909:Cassell's Patent Lava Stone Works 4357: 4211:Transportation demand management 2876:from the original on 12 May 2013 2709:from the original on 14 May 2013 2678:from the original on 14 May 2013 2242:Herskovits, Melville J. (1967). 2022: 1987:Glossary of road transport terms 1573: 1292:for inspection (for EC see also 1196: 1176: 700:, road transport throughout the 399: 156: 145: 136: 34: 2987:from the original on 2014-01-06 2967: 2955:from the original on 2018-06-30 2947:Foxx, Anthony R. (2012-10-01). 2940: 2914: 2888: 2861: 2834: 2779: 2746: 2721: 2690: 2658: 2571: 2476: 2372: 2336: 2305: 2186:from the original on 2023-04-11 2045: 2034:Portal:Transport/Trucking media 1943:, had a tyre in the form of an 1847:Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 1424: 1312:, and in the European Union as 874: 583:Road construction, depicted on 45:needs additional citations for 2924:. CAT Scale. 4 December 2015. 2868:Bartsch, Frank (4 June 2013). 2352:Institution of Civil Engineers 2293: 2250: 2197: 2152: 2139: 2101: 2077: 2039:Portal:Transport/Highway media 1786:U.S. Interstate Highway System 1459:Today, roadways are primarily 1361:). For fresh and frozen goods 574: 13: 1: 3183:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 2071: 1967:Passenger vehicles in the USA 1962:National Highway System (USA) 1874:funded by tolls, such as the 1564: 1326:Electronic on-board recorders 1316:. One such regulation is the 1127:, and freeways. In Bassett's 810:Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet 781:Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet 449:is a type of transport using 4239:Passenger information system 1698:, toll roads began with the 1415:International Recommendation 1233:Intermodal freight transport 971:The first version of modern 752:Industrial civil engineering 166:Examples of road transport: 7: 3377:Demand-responsive transport 3275:Medium-capacity rail system 2845:. Freight Broker Bootcamp. 2544:National Geographic Society 2056:. Sydney: Primavera Press. 1954: 1872:public-private partnerships 1860:Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel 1596:, discuss the issue on the 1339:commercial driver's license 1332: 10: 4400: 4140:Public transport timetable 3171:Passenger rail terminology 2753:Karnes, Thomas L. (2009). 2730:From Footpaths to Freeways 2492:Date accessed: 24 May 2009 2085:"What is 'Road Transport'" 2017:List of roads and highways 2007:Transportation forecasting 1896: 1807: 1627: 1498: 1428: 1372: 1230: 1223: 1057:opened in 1927, while the 1043:motorways, was devised by 973:controlled-access highways 828:The surveyor and engineer 706:network of well-kept roads 689:road between Foothill and 680:began to pass a series of 567: 563: 523:controlled-access highways 4353: 4257: 4224: 4171:Green transport hierarchy 4153: 4107: 4071: 4030: 3908:Automated fare collection 3893: 3762: 3662: 3628: 3568: 3520: 3482: 3345: 3161: 3044: 1832:Interstate Highway System 1810:Interstate Highway System 1804:Interstate Highway System 1757:and, in the metropolitan 1742:, the need for no or few 1517:Disruptions in organized 1439:Controlled-access highway 1059:Long Island Motor Parkway 977:Long Island Motor Parkway 965:controlled-access highway 614:later built a network of 570:History of road transport 337:Green transport hierarchy 4206:Transportation authority 2345:"How old is that route?" 2205:Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah. 1691:in current terminology. 1257:(rig), and are known as 1137:abutting property owners 995:and reinforced concrete 685:a section of the London- 216:Armored fighting vehicle 4270:Bus rapid transit creep 4216:Transportation planning 2434:"The Colossus of Roads" 1866:was completed in 1976. 1393:FMCSA federal standards 1237:Trucking companies (in 1206:and safety sign on rear 1035:, and now parts of the 835:London to Holyhead road 821:layer (the sub-base or 621:With the advent of the 390:Transportation planning 3968:Manual fare collection 3948:Farebox recovery ratio 3439:Personal rapid transit 2539:The Book of Inventions 2536:Harrison, Ian (2004), 2302:, 1840, Vol 256 xxvii. 1908: 1827: 1819: 1782:New York State Thruway 1720:Great Western Turnpike 1639: 1522: 1456: 1221: 1169: 1098:cloverleaf interchange 1063:Northern State Parkway 1055:Southern State Parkway 968: 884: 849: 812:established the first 764: 673: 627:large masses of troops 588: 501:may be transported by 322:Cycling infrastructure 312:Bicycle transportation 251:Personal rapid transit 4325:Sustainable transport 4305:Passenger load factor 4120:Clock-face scheduling 3953:Free public transport 3805:Bus turnout (bus bay) 3502:Real-time ridesharing 3295:Platform screen doors 2843:"What is a backhaul?" 2786:Korr, Jeremy (2008). 2502:Ralph Morton (2002), 2379:Bellis, Mary (2007). 2012:Transport engineering 1906: 1825: 1817: 1774:Pennsylvania Turnpike 1767:Pennsylvania Turnpike 1702:in the 1790s, within 1637: 1516: 1446: 1314:drivers working hours 1215: 1159: 1071:Bonn-Cologne Autobahn 1067:Grand Central Parkway 948: 882: 847: 788:Industrial Revolution 759: 720:which stretched from 704:was maintained via a 663: 618:across their empire. 582: 375:Sustainable transport 332:Free public transport 4364:Transport portal 4300:Outline of transport 3993:Reduced fare program 3963:Integrated ticketing 3918:Contract of carriage 3729:Personal transporter 3285:Narrow-gauge railway 3133:Rail replacement bus 2577:Hooley, E. Purnell, 2361:on 27 September 2007 2300:Parliamentary Papers 2207:; Abitbol, Michael; 2160:Thornton, John Kelly 2029:Transport portal 1915:was replaced by the 1772:After 1940 with the 1594:improve this section 1505:Road traffic control 1355:intermodal transport 1245:for road transport. 1152:Trucking and haulage 1077:, then the mayor of 1020:Autostrada dei Laghi 952:Autostrada dei Laghi 924:Edgar Purnell Hooley 603:that often followed 406:Transport portal 54:improve this article 4340:Transport economics 4135:On-time performance 4130:Night (owl) service 3830:Interchange station 3709:Horse-drawn vehicle 3497:Flexible carpooling 3305:Metro/Rapid Transit 2580:U.S. patent 765,975 2461:McAdam (1824), p.38 2052:Lay, M. G. (1992). 1911:As the horse-drawn 1798:New Jersey Turnpike 1501:Road traffic safety 1363:refrigerator trucks 1343:large goods vehicle 1271:less-than-truckload 1139:have the rights of 1102:Queen Elizabeth Way 889:Good Roads Movement 814:scientific approach 447:road transportation 261:Powered exoskeleton 194:Part of a series on 4094:Standing passenger 3357:Auto rickshaw taxi 3327:Suspension railway 3310:Rubber-tyred metro 3233:Heritage streetcar 3138:Share taxi/Taxibus 2703:The New York Times 2671:The New York Times 2652:The New York Times 2542:, Washington, DC: 2488:2014-01-16 at the 2317:2014-05-25 at the 2312:The Turnpike Trust 2089:The Economic Times 2002:Traffic congestion 1951:on unpaved roads. 1909: 1880:Richmond, Virginia 1876:Pocahontas Parkway 1838:, a maximum of 4% 1828: 1820: 1728:Syracuse, New York 1714:. In the state of 1700:Lancaster Turnpike 1640: 1523: 1457: 1294:Schengen Agreement 1222: 1170: 969: 885: 854:John Loudon McAdam 850: 777:John Loudon McAdam 765: 678:British Parliament 674: 589: 553:are quite common. 503:trucking companies 493:, and other early 256:pipeline transport 168:Nissan Tsuru (B13) 4371: 4370: 4063:Transport network 4053:Non-revenue track 3719:Inclined elevator 3654:Inclined elevator 3620:Inclined elevator 3245:Higher-speed rail 3188:Airport rail link 3071:Bus rapid transit 2922:"About CAT Scale" 2739:978-0-7743-9388-1 2553:978-0-7922-8296-9 2259:History in Africa 1790:Indiana Toll Road 1626: 1625: 1618: 1543:traffic engineers 1121:Edward M. Bassett 896:road construction 802:surface to allow 738:Road construction 649:New road networks 440: 439: 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 4391: 4362: 4361: 4280:Destination sign 4244:Platform display 4234:Destination sign 4191:Transit district 4186:Street hierarchy 4166:Complete streets 4161:Airport security 4043:Cross-city route 3988:Proof-of-payment 3958:Free travel pass 3449:Public light bus 3409:Hackney carriage 3228:Heritage railway 3213:Elevated railway 3208:Cross-city route 3128:Public light bus 3086:Cross-city route 3038:Public transport 3031: 3024: 3017: 3008: 3007: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2986: 2979: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2902:on 15 March 2007 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2819: 2806: 2805: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2760: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2626: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2593: 2584: 2582: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2533: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2499: 2493: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2429: 2423: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2395:on June 30, 2012 2391:. Archived from 2385:About: inventors 2381:"Thomas Telford" 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2360: 2354:. Archived from 2349: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2191: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2081: 2067: 2027: 2026: 1997:Public transport 1982:German autobahns 1763:German autobahns 1621: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1601: 1577: 1576: 1569: 1341:. In the U.K. a 1310:hours of service 1304:Hours of service 1239:American English 1200: 1186:parked near the 1180: 1106:Second World War 696:In 18th century 666:Great North Road 432: 425: 418: 404: 403: 385:Transport divide 286:Uncrewed vehicle 191: 190: 160: 149: 140: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 69:"Road transport" 62: 38: 30: 21: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4356: 4349: 4253: 4226: 4220: 4149: 4103: 4079:Checked baggage 4067: 4026: 3913:Bus advertising 3897: 3889: 3758: 3749:Trackless train 3692:Scooter-sharing 3687:Bicycle-sharing 3664: 3658: 3624: 3564: 3516: 3478: 3454:Pulled rickshaw 3424:Motorcycle taxi 3367:Combination bus 3348: 3341: 3255:Inter-city rail 3240:High-speed rail 3157: 3040: 3035: 3005: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2841:Brown, Dennis. 2839: 2835: 2820: 2809: 2802: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2695: 2691: 2681: 2679: 2674:. 6 June 1995. 2664: 2663: 2659: 2648: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2603:The Independent 2594: 2587: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2563: 2561: 2554: 2546:, p. 277, 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2500: 2496: 2490:Wayback Machine 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2447: 2445: 2440:, Strum.co.uk, 2430: 2426: 2411: 2407: 2398: 2396: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2347: 2341: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2319:Wayback Machine 2310: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2271:10.2307/3172135 2255: 2251: 2240: 2236: 2229: 2202: 2198: 2189: 2187: 2180: 2157: 2153: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2093: 2091: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2048: 2043: 2021: 1957: 1901: 1895: 1893:Pneumatic tyres 1812: 1806: 1722:was started in 1632: 1622: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1591: 1578: 1574: 1567: 1511: 1497: 1495:Traffic control 1469:Portland cement 1441: 1427: 1404:weigh-in-motion 1375: 1347:dangerous goods 1335: 1306: 1259:owner-operators 1235: 1229: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1181: 1154: 1135:-based system, 1086:The Middle Road 1075:Konrad Adenauer 1045:Piero Puricelli 932:Portland cement 877: 754: 651: 585:Trajan's Column 577: 572: 566: 558:cycle rickshaws 436: 398: 189: 188: 187: 186: 163: 162: 161: 152: 151: 150: 142: 141: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4397: 4387: 4386: 4384:Road transport 4369: 4368: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4295:Land transport 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4196:Transit police 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4176:Rail subsidies 4173: 4168: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4048:Network length 4045: 4040: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4012:Ticket machine 4009: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3933:Fare avoidance 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3902: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3815:Ferry terminal 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3724:Moving walkway 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3679: 3674: 3668: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3649:Moving walkway 3646: 3641: 3635: 3633: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3578:Aerial tramway 3574: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3488: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3374: 3372:Cycle rickshaw 3369: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3322:Street running 3319: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3167: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3050: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3034: 3033: 3026: 3019: 3011: 3004: 3003:External links 3001: 2999: 2998: 2966: 2939: 2913: 2887: 2860: 2833: 2807: 2800: 2778: 2771: 2745: 2738: 2720: 2689: 2657: 2642: 2616: 2585: 2570: 2552: 2528: 2514: 2494: 2475: 2463: 2454: 2432:Craig, David, 2424: 2405: 2389:New York Times 2387:. About, Inc, 2371: 2335: 2323: 2304: 2292: 2249: 2234: 2227: 2221:. p. 86. 2196: 2178: 2172:. p. 73. 2151: 2138: 2126: 2100: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1992:Neo-bulk cargo 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1897:Main article: 1894: 1891: 1808:Main article: 1805: 1802: 1744:traffic lights 1628:Main article: 1624: 1623: 1588:of the subject 1586:worldwide view 1581: 1579: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1509:Traffic lights 1496: 1493: 1426: 1423: 1411:European Union 1406:(WIM) scales. 1384:weigh stations 1374: 1371: 1334: 1331: 1305: 1302: 1282:bill of lading 1267:full truckload 1205: 1204: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1182: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1153: 1150: 876: 873: 830:Thomas Telford 773:Thomas Telford 761:Thomas Telford 753: 750: 702:Ashanti Empire 691:Stony Stafford 650: 647: 576: 573: 568:Main article: 565: 562: 443:Road transport 438: 437: 435: 434: 427: 420: 412: 409: 408: 395: 394: 393: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 371: 370: 369: 368: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 301: 300: 296: 295: 294: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 246:Animal-powered 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 210: 209: 203: 202: 196: 195: 165: 164: 155: 154: 153: 144: 143: 135: 134: 133: 132: 131: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4396: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4352: 4346: 4345:Micromobility 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4290:Hail and ride 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3885:Transport hub 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3870:Train station 3868: 3866: 3865:Taxicab stand 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3850:Park and ride 3848: 3846: 3845:Metro station 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588:Cable railway 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3317:Regional rail 3315: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3198:Commuter rail 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3101:Intercity bus 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3012: 3009: 2983: 2976: 2970: 2954: 2950: 2943: 2927: 2923: 2917: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2875: 2872:. BB Handel. 2871: 2864: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2824:American City 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2803: 2801:9780821417676 2797: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2774: 2772:9780786442829 2768: 2764: 2759: 2758: 2749: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2661: 2653: 2646: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2592: 2590: 2581: 2574: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2517: 2515:0-632-05852-8 2511: 2507: 2506: 2498: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2479: 2473:, p. 83. 2472: 2467: 2458: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2339: 2333:, p. 72. 2332: 2327: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2308: 2301: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2253: 2245: 2238: 2230: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2209:Chazan, Naomi 2206: 2200: 2185: 2181: 2179:9781135365844 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2133: 2131: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2076: 2065: 2063:1-875368-05-1 2059: 2055: 2050: 2049: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1935:and carriage 1934: 1930: 1926: 1923:and lorry or 1922: 1918: 1914: 1905: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1878:(I-895) near 1877: 1873: 1867: 1865: 1864:bridge-tunnel 1861: 1857: 1856:Interstate 64 1853: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1824: 1816: 1811: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1794:Ohio Turnpike 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759:New York City 1756: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1706:, connecting 1705: 1701: 1697: 1696:United States 1692: 1690: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1636: 1631: 1620: 1617: 1609: 1606:November 2021 1599: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1580: 1571: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1492: 1490: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1395:that include 1394: 1390: 1389:United States 1385: 1380: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359:animal rights 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1247:Truck drivers 1244: 1240: 1234: 1227: 1219: 1214: 1199: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1167: 1166:South Florida 1163: 1162:Interstate 95 1158: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033:Lake Maggiore 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1015: 1013: 1012:dual highways 1009: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 966: 963:), the first 962: 961:Autostrada A9 958: 957:Autostrada A8 954: 953: 947: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 905:macadam roads 901: 897: 892: 890: 881: 872: 870: 867: 861: 859: 855: 846: 842: 840: 839:John MacNeill 836: 831: 826: 824: 819: 818:road building 815: 811: 807: 805: 801: 797: 796:turnpike road 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 762: 758: 749: 747: 743: 739: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 694: 692: 688: 683: 679: 671: 667: 662: 658: 656: 646: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 606: 602: 598: 594: 586: 581: 571: 561: 559: 554: 552: 551:bike couriers 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 526: 524: 520: 519:intersections 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 433: 428: 426: 421: 419: 414: 413: 411: 410: 407: 402: 397: 396: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 367: 364: 363: 362: 359: 358: 357: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 307:Accessibility 305: 304: 303: 302: 298: 297: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 266:Rapid transit 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 231:Human-powered 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 213: 212: 211: 208: 205: 204: 201: 198: 197: 193: 192: 184: 180: 176: 173: 172:Flying Pigeon 169: 159: 148: 139: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 4355: 4330:Timing point 4315:Request stop 4258:Other topics 4115:Bus bunching 4099:Travel class 4058:Radial route 4038:Circle route 4022:Transit pass 3983:Penalty fare 3943:Fare evasion 3938:Fare capping 3923:Dead mileage 3880:Transit mall 3603:Gondola lift 3382:Microtransit 3290:People mover 3203:Circle route 3118:Open top bus 3081:Circle route 2991:20 September 2989:. Retrieved 2969: 2959:20 September 2957:. Retrieved 2942: 2932:20 September 2930:. Retrieved 2916: 2906:11 September 2904:. Retrieved 2900:the original 2890: 2878:. Retrieved 2863: 2853:20 September 2851:. Retrieved 2836: 2827: 2823: 2791: 2781: 2756: 2748: 2729: 2723: 2711:. Retrieved 2702: 2692: 2680:. Retrieved 2669: 2660: 2651: 2645: 2633:. Retrieved 2607:. Retrieved 2601: 2573: 2562:, retrieved 2538: 2531: 2519:, retrieved 2504: 2497: 2478: 2466: 2457: 2446:, retrieved 2437: 2427: 2418:Carl Rakeman 2416:(Painting - 2415: 2408: 2397:. Retrieved 2393:the original 2384: 2374: 2363:. Retrieved 2356:the original 2338: 2326: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2262: 2258: 2252: 2243: 2237: 2213: 2199: 2188:. Retrieved 2164: 2154: 2141: 2119:12 September 2117:. Retrieved 2103: 2092:. 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The term 1419:Bridges Act 1351:tank trucks 1322:Tachographs 1110:Highway 401 993:guard rails 981:Long Island 928:steamroller 900:rural areas 823:base course 698:West Africa 655:Renaissance 631:Roman roads 616:Royal Roads 601:dirt tracks 575:Early roads 327:Engineering 317:Cyclability 183:Scania R440 4285:Dwell time 4275:Crush load 4225:Technology 4145:Short turn 4108:Scheduling 4072:Facilities 3860:Queue jump 3780:Bus garage 3682:Carsharing 3560:Water taxi 3540:Hovercraft 3492:Car jockey 3484:Carpooling 3459:Share taxi 3429:Marshrutka 3394:Dollar van 3337:Tram-train 3265:Light rail 3260:Interurban 3223:Heavy rail 3153:Trolleybus 3113:Marshrutka 3096:Guided bus 2438:Palimpsest 2399:2007-01-19 2365:2007-01-19 2228:9004083553 2190:2023-02-22 2094:2024-03-15 2072:References 1939:, made of 1673:shunpiking 1668:toll booth 1664:toll house 1644:toll roads 1565:Toll roads 1499:See also: 1429:See also: 1397:bridge law 1369:are used. 1231:See also: 1050:autostrada 1008:automobile 714:toll roads 670:turnpiking 459:automobile 281:Supersonic 185:(a truck). 177:(a bike), 80:newspapers 4249:Timetable 3978:Paid area 3928:Exit fare 3895:Ticketing 3875:Tram stop 3790:Bus stand 3763:Locations 3744:Slope car 3714:Hyperloop 3704:Escalator 3665:transport 3644:Escalator 3632:transport 3598:Funicular 3555:Vaporetto 3545:Hydrofoil 3464:Songthaew 3434:Nanny van 3419:Limousine 3362:Boda boda 3218:Funicular 3193:Cable car 3076:Charabanc 2287:161238713 2265:: 11–24. 2170:Routledge 2147:15 Cha. 2 1712:Lancaster 1689:toll road 1652:toll road 1630:Toll road 1598:talk page 1413:uses the 1298:free port 1265:per run ( 1263:consignee 1115:The word 1029:Lake Como 804:rainwater 746:Yorkshire 641:roads in 639:tar-paved 635:Caliphate 200:Transport 181:(a bus), 170:(a car), 4378:Category 4265:Boarding 4181:Security 4154:Politics 4017:Transfer 3810:Dry dock 3800:Bus stop 3785:Bus lane 3775:Bus bulb 3754:Vactrain 3734:Robotaxi 3699:Elevator 3677:Airliner 3639:Elevator 3630:Building 3613:tricable 3593:Elevator 3507:Slugging 3349:for hire 3347:Vehicles 3280:Monorail 3250:Horsecar 3176:glossary 2982:Archived 2953:Archived 2926:Archived 2874:Archived 2847:Archived 2713:13 April 2707:Archived 2682:13 April 2676:Archived 2558:archived 2486:Archived 2471:Lay 1992 2442:archived 2331:Lay 1992 2315:Archived 2211:(1988). 2184:Archived 2162:(1999). 2145:Statute 2113:Archived 1955:See also 1913:carriage 1852:Virginia 1751:Parkways 1716:New York 1685:turnpike 1660:turnpike 1656:turnpike 1592:You may 1473:pavement 1465:concrete 1453:Slovakia 1447:Highway 1400:formulas 1333:Licenses 1275:backhaul 1226:Truckin' 1184:B double 1125:parkways 1090:Hamilton 1088:between 985:New York 959:and the 917:subgrade 913:Millwall 866:carriage 724:through 612:Persians 547:vehicles 487:Persians 473:such as 469:, or by 380:Timeline 361:Personal 291:Vactrain 175:roadster 18:Trucking 4320:Service 4125:Headway 4089:Sleeper 4031:Routing 4006:Calypso 4002:CIPURSE 3840:Layover 3770:Airport 3672:Airline 3608:bicable 3512:Vanpool 3474:Tuk tuk 3414:Jeepney 3404:Gondola 3300:Railbus 2564:23 June 2521:22 June 2448:18 June 2279:3172135 2149:. c. 1. 1858:at the 1836:medians 1740:traffic 1694:In the 1677:boycott 1539:paddles 1527:traffic 1519:traffic 1461:asphalt 1435:Highway 1379:weights 1373:Weights 1367:reefers 1290:customs 1117:freeway 1094:Toronto 1079:Cologne 858:macadam 718:Kpengla 710:Dahomey 687:Chester 643:Baghdad 564:History 515:signage 495:empires 356:Private 347:Outline 342:History 179:MAZ-303 94:scholar 3825:Harbor 3820:Hangar 3739:Shweeb 3444:Pesero 3399:Dolmuş 3270:Maglev 3123:Pesero 3106:driver 3059:driver 2880:8 June 2798: 2769: 2736: 2635:10 May 2609:12 May 2550: 2512: 2285: 2277: 2225: 2176: 2060: 1937:wheels 1796:, and 1724:Albany 1718:, the 1642:Early 1507:, and 1437:, and 1286:border 1129:zoning 997:tarmac 938:, and 800:convex 730:Ouidah 728:up to 722:Abomey 610:. 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