112:
and subsequent treaties. The privileges included the opening of five harbours to French merchants, extraterritorial privileges French citizens in China, a fixed tariff on Sino-French trade and the right of France to station consuls in China.
685:
749:
125:
had given Lagrené only a mandate to negotiate a commercial treaty with France, Lagrené decided that he wanted to enhance France's international prestige by securing a rescission of
1305:
583:
1344:
678:
1349:
1185:
1024:
764:
86:
1169:
1140:
759:
215:
841:
380:
722:
829:
814:
516:
1634:
1552:
891:
1583:
824:
1053:
804:
717:
441:
626:
456:
1269:
638:
511:
335:
1558:
1399:
1274:
631:
208:
1369:
1486:
729:
416:
302:
1070:
936:
704:
451:
390:
360:
350:
60:
37:
1504:
1279:
1135:
819:
809:
794:
789:
621:
571:
551:
491:
325:
24:
1263:
1041:
908:
774:
668:
278:
268:
201:
1180:
1163:
673:
648:
611:
521:
481:
233:
158:
1563:
1009:
1614:
1573:
1292:
1221:
1014:
546:
471:
340:
258:
1494:
1314:
1048:
1019:
769:
180:
134:
1619:
1090:
556:
541:
375:
273:
141:. After protracted negotiations with Qiying, most of which Lagrené entrusted to his interpreter
1629:
1624:
1471:
1359:
1240:
1065:
283:
1545:
1404:
1364:
1031:
993:
881:
861:
779:
578:
561:
426:
395:
330:
1476:
1443:
1409:
1354:
1234:
1216:
926:
856:
663:
446:
163:
142:
8:
1529:
1379:
1319:
1251:
931:
784:
739:
486:
365:
345:
253:
1414:
1125:
1120:
946:
886:
876:
871:
866:
690:
536:
355:
149:
issued an edict in
February 1846 that legalized the practice of Christianity in China.
122:
1419:
1394:
1339:
1334:
1257:
1205:
1110:
941:
846:
744:
643:
606:
531:
461:
431:
385:
126:
109:
74:
1578:
1461:
1384:
1324:
1130:
851:
712:
658:
501:
466:
370:
295:
263:
146:
1593:
1539:
1389:
1374:
1198:
653:
616:
566:
526:
476:
421:
290:
45:
42:
32:
29:
1456:
1329:
1095:
1058:
506:
496:
436:
70:
1608:
1568:
1534:
1499:
1115:
1105:
921:
312:
105:
1588:
1285:
1227:
916:
898:
754:
224:
130:
101:
78:
1524:
1245:
966:
961:
1192:
1036:
986:
956:
799:
193:
981:
971:
1466:
1211:
1158:
1100:
976:
951:
1451:
138:
82:
50:
1175:
734:
1345:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
834:
188:
190:
St. Bonaventure, New York: Franciscan
Institute, 1950.
1350:
Convention for the
Extension of Hong Kong Territory
133:in China from 1724. France could thus become the
1606:
177:The Roots of French Imperialism in Eastern Asia.
750:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
1170:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
1141:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
209:
116:
216:
202:
137:of Catholics in China, like France in the
830:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
679:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
104:was to grant the same privileges to the
89:on October 24, 1844, aboard the warship
1286:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
223:
1607:
1584:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
825:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
197:
805:Ministry of Posts and Communications
186:Grosse-Aschhoff, Angelus Francis J.
16:1844 treaty between France and China
1553:History of Qing (People's Republic)
13:
1270:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
639:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
632:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
512:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
336:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
14:
1646:
1559:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
1400:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
1275:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
427:Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
1370:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
686:Articles of Favourable Treatment
442:Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)
417:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
303:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
121:Although French Prime Minister
65:
1071:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
361:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
81:of China, which was signed by
55:
41:
28:
1:
1635:Treaties of the July Monarchy
1505:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
1280:Islam during the Qing dynasty
1136:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
820:Provincial military commander
810:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
795:Imperial Household Department
622:Preparative Constitutionalism
326:Sino-Russian border conflicts
169:
1264:Researches on Manchu Origins
669:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
279:Transition from Ming to Qing
269:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
7:
1164:Changzhou School of Thought
674:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
649:Railway Protection Movement
627:1909 Parliamentary election
612:British expedition to Tibet
522:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
482:Self-Strengthening Movement
457:Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
152:
10:
1651:
1564:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
452:Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)
391:Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)
381:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
351:Miao Rebellion (1735–1736)
117:Toleration of Christianity
1574:Names of the Qing dynasty
1517:
1485:
1442:
1435:
1304:
1222:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
1149:
1081:
1002:
907:
703:
594:
552:Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
547:Gongche Shangshu movement
492:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
404:
341:Chinese Rites controversy
311:
241:
232:
1495:Great Qing Treasure Note
1315:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
1025:Administrative divisions
842:Administrative divisions
770:Flag of the Qing dynasty
181:Cornell University Press
96:
1091:Chengde Mountain Resort
892:Three Eastern Provinces
542:First Sino-Japanese War
517:Northern Chinese Famine
376:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
274:Qing invasion of Joseon
1472:Great Qing Copper Coin
1360:Convention of Tientsin
1293:Annotated Bibliography
1241:Qing official headwear
284:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1546:Draft History of Qing
1405:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1186:performance criticism
790:Imperial Commissioner
780:Great Qing Legal Code
579:Eight-Nation Alliance
562:Third plague pandemic
472:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars
396:White Lotus Rebellion
108:as to Britain in the
1477:Great Qing Gold Coin
1410:Treaty of Tarbagatai
1355:Convention of Peking
1235:Pentaglot Dictionary
1217:Literary inquisition
927:Ever Victorious Army
760:Deliberative Council
664:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
617:1905 Batang uprising
557:Hundred Days' Reform
447:Small Swords Society
164:Convention of Peking
143:Joseph-Marie Callery
1530:Anti-Qing sentiment
1380:Treaty of the Bogue
1320:Treaty of Nerchinsk
1252:Complete Tang Poems
932:Green Standard Army
815:Provincial governor
785:Imperial Clan Court
765:Diplomatic missions
740:Consultative Bureau
487:Tongzhi Restoration
366:Afaqi Khoja revolts
346:Ten Great Campaigns
254:Jurchen unification
159:Imperialism in Asia
87:Théodore de Lagrené
38:traditional Chinese
1415:Treaty of Tientsin
1126:Western Qing tombs
1121:Eastern Qing tombs
947:Peking Field Force
691:Manchu Restoration
584:Declaration of war
537:Jindandao incident
356:Lhasa riot of 1750
175:Cady, John Frank.
129:'s prohibition of
25:simplified Chinese
1602:
1601:
1513:
1512:
1425:Treaty of Whampoa
1420:Treaty of Wanghia
1395:Treaty of Nanking
1365:Li–Lobanov Treaty
1340:Chefoo Convention
1335:Burlingame Treaty
1206:Kangxi Dictionary
1111:Old Summer Palace
942:Firearm Battalion
745:Cup of Solid Gold
699:
698:
644:Manchurian plague
607:Late Qing reforms
598:(1901–1912)
532:Sikkim expedition
462:Panthay Rebellion
432:Taiping Rebellion
408:(1801–1900)
386:Sino-Nepalese War
331:Dzungar–Qing Wars
317:(1683–1799)
245:(1616–1683)
127:Yongzheng Emperor
110:Treaty of Nanking
106:Kingdom of France
75:Kingdom of France
66:Wòhngbou Tìuhyeuk
21:Treaty of Whampoa
1642:
1615:Unequal treaties
1579:New Qing History
1462:Qianlong Tongbao
1440:
1439:
1385:Treaty of Canton
1325:Unequal treaties
1131:Fuling Mausoleum
730:Advisory Council
659:Wuchang Uprising
599:
502:Tianjin Massacre
467:Second Opium War
409:
371:Sino-Burmese War
318:
296:Battle of Penghu
264:Seven Grievances
246:
239:
238:
218:
211:
204:
195:
194:
147:Daoguang Emperor
67:
57:
48:
35:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:Willow Palisade
1540:Chuang Guandong
1509:
1481:
1431:
1390:Treaty of Kulja
1375:Treaty of Aigun
1308:
1300:
1199:History of Ming
1151:
1145:
1083:
1077:
1003:Special regions
998:
937:Imperial Guards
903:
695:
654:1911 Revolution
600:
597:
590:
567:Boxer Rebellion
527:Sino-French War
477:Amur Annexation
422:First Opium War
410:
407:
400:
319:
316:
307:
291:Great Clearance
247:
244:
228:
222:
172:
155:
123:François Guizot
119:
99:
56:Huángpǔ Tiáoyuē
17:
12:
11:
5:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:1844 in France
1617:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1457:Kangxi Tongbao
1454:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1330:Boxer Protocol
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Forbidden City
1093:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1059:General of Ili
1056:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1042:List of ambans
1039:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
990:
989:
984:
979:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
905:
904:
902:
901:
896:
895:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
844:
839:
838:
837:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
726:
725:
720:
709:
707:
701:
700:
697:
696:
694:
693:
688:
683:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
651:
646:
641:
636:
635:
634:
629:
619:
614:
609:
603:
601:
596:
592:
591:
589:
588:
587:
586:
576:
575:
574:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
507:Margary Affair
504:
499:
497:Mudan incident
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
437:Nian Rebellion
434:
429:
424:
419:
413:
411:
406:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
322:
320:
315:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
299:
298:
288:
287:
286:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
248:
243:
236:
230:
229:
221:
220:
213:
206:
198:
192:
191:
184:
179:Ithaca, N.Y.:
171:
168:
167:
166:
161:
154:
151:
118:
115:
98:
95:
71:unequal treaty
61:Cantonese Yale
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1647:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:1844 treaties
1628:
1626:
1625:1844 in China
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:Manchu people
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Canton System
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Hubu Guanpiao
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:Society &
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Summer Palace
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:Mukden Palace
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:Palaces &
1080:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
922:Eight Banners
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
910:
906:
900:
897:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:Grand Council
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
710:
708:
706:
702:
692:
689:
687:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
602:
595:20th century
593:
585:
582:
581:
580:
577:
573:
570:
569:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
412:
405:19th century
403:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
321:
314:
310:
304:
301:
297:
294:
293:
292:
289:
285:
282:
281:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
249:
240:
237:
235:
231:
226:
219:
214:
212:
207:
205:
200:
199:
196:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
173:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
114:
111:
107:
103:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
62:
58:
52:
47:
44:
39:
34:
31:
26:
22:
1589:Treaty ports
1551:
1544:
1518:Other topics
1424:
1291:
1284:
1262:
1250:
1233:
1228:Peiwen Yunfu
1226:
1204:
1197:
1168:
917:Beiyang Army
899:Zongli Yamen
755:Da-Qing Bank
572:Red Lanterns
225:Qing dynasty
187:
176:
135:protectorate
131:Christianity
120:
100:
90:
79:Qing dynasty
73:between the
64:
54:
20:
18:
1525:Aisin Gioro
1487:Paper money
1246:Qing poetry
967:Wuwei Corps
962:Shuishiying
723:Family tree
91:L’Archimède
1609:Categories
1193:Four Wangs
1084:mausoleums
1037:Golden Urn
1010:Inner Asia
987:Xiang Army
957:Hushenying
882:Liangguang
862:Liangjiang
800:Lifan Yuan
705:Government
170:References
1015:Manchuria
982:Huai Army
972:Yong Ying
857:Shaan-Gan
313:High Qing
259:Later Jin
69:) was an
1467:Hongqian
1436:Currency
1306:Treaties
1212:Kaozheng
1159:Booi Aha
1101:Hetu Ala
1054:Timeline
1049:Xinjiang
1020:Mongolia
977:Chu Army
952:New Army
909:Military
847:Viceroys
153:See also
77:and the
1452:Zhiqian
1444:Coinage
1181:Economy
1152:culture
887:Yun-Gui
877:Min-Zhe
872:Sichuan
867:Huguang
713:Emperor
234:History
183:, 1967.
1066:Taiwan
242:Early
227:topics
145:, the
139:Levant
83:Qiying
63::
53::
51:pinyin
40::
27::
1258:Queue
1176:Dibao
1032:Tibet
852:Zhili
735:Amban
102:China
97:Terms
994:Navy
835:Ejen
718:List
85:and
19:The
1611::
93:.
59:;
49:;
46:條約
43:黃埔
36:;
33:条约
30:黄埔
217:e
210:t
203:v
23:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.