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control over their areas of influence in eastern
Fennoscandia, with Karelians under Russian rule and the western tribes under Swedish rule. The attempted "permanent peace" established by the treaty did not last for long. The northern part of the border crossed wide stretches of wilderness which
193:
The southern part of the border close to Viborg was considered the most important part of the treaty and the new border. As such, it was clearly defined. The border further north, away from important settlements, was defined more vaguely. The treaty might have originally given both Sweden and
408:
Skrifter utgivna av
Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, No 427:2, VIII + s. 239–509. Helsingfors 1991. (97:1, 186–200). Detailed discussion about the conflict over the correct text of the treaty. See page 186. The Russian text is available in S. N. Valk,
477:. See also Michael C. Paul, "Archbishop Vasilii Kalika of Novgorod, the Fortress of Orekhov, and the Defense of Orthodoxy," in Alan V. Murray, ed., The Clash of Cultures on the Medieval Baltic Frontier (Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2009): 253–271.
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later on became the center of contention between Sweden and
Novgorod. Within five years from the treaty being signed, Swedish colonists started making inroads into northern Ostrobothnia. Sweden established castles at
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Prevalent view of the two-branched border set in the treaty. Shown in red the undisputed section of the border, shown in black dotted line the two branches of the border and in gray the border that was in use in 16th
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acknowledged the
Swedish version of the treaty as the authentic and correct one. Long before that, Sweden had permanently taken over large areas on the Novgorodian side. These new territories included
104:
At the time, the treaty had no distinguishing name. It was regarded as a "permanent peace" solution between Sweden and
Novgorod. "The Treaty of Nöteborg" is a direct translation of the Swedish "
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The full text of the original treaty no longer exists. It has survived in parts in
Russian, Swedish, and Latin. The surviving partial texts somewhat differ from each other.
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of
Finland. Note that neither text can be said to be fully original, since both have survived as later, and possibly modified, copies.
108:. The Russian term for the treaty, directly translated into English, is "The Peace of Orehovsk", latinized as "Orehovskii Mir", or "
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living on both sides of the border had no say in the treaty. Sweden and
Novgorod had already established their respective
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116:. The Finnish term for the treaty, "Pähkinäsaaren Rauha", translates literally to "The Peace of Nut Island". It is a
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Vahtola, Jouko. Tornionlaakson historia I. Birkarlit, 'pirkkalaiset'. Malungs boktryckeri AB. Malung, Sweden. 1991.
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parishes to Sweden. Sweden would in turn stay out of any conflict between
Novgorod and the Danish
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252:. Eventually, the territory which was under Swedish rule would become the nation we now know as
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in
Cyrillic script. The Swedish "Nöteborg" and the Russian "Orehovsk" are names for an old
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in 1475. These fortresses were clearly on the Novgorodian side of the established border.
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Georg Haggren, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen ja Anna Wessman (2015).
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151:. Both sides would promise to refrain from building castles on the new border.
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is the Finnish name for the island on which the fortress was built.
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Nöteborgsfreden och Finlands medeltida östgräns. 1 / av Jarl Gallén
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The treaty defined the border as beginning from east and north of
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regulating their border, mostly in the area which is now known as
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427:. Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. p. 71.
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Nöteborgsfreden och Finlands medeltida östgräns. Andra delen.
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and, according to traditional interpretations, ending in the
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Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland
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Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland
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Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland
60:), is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at
80:) on 12 August 1323. It was the first agreement between
451:, Helsingfors 1968. Also see Gallén, Jarl; Lind, John:
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362:. Turku: Turun Historiallinen Yhdistys. p. 280.
322:. Turku: Turun Historiallinen Yhdistys. p. 280.
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453:Nöteborgsfreden och Finlands medeltida östgräns
449:Nöteborgsfreden och Finlands medeltida östgräns
143:. As a token of goodwill, Novgorod ceded three
135:The treaty was negotiated with the help of the
303:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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120:of the Swedish word ('nöt' meaning nut).
92:. Three years later, Novgorod signed the
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411:Gramoty Velikogo Novgoroda i Pskova
293:. Helsinki: Gaudeamus. p. 376.
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384:"Treaty's Swedish and Latin texts"
194:Novgorod joint rights to northern
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413:(Moscow: AN SSSR, 1949), 67–68.
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186:" could be interpreted as the
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139:in order to conclude the
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170:in half, running across
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94:Treaty of Novgorod
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277:References
36:Orehovsk (
587:0039-6842
550:0039-6842
513:0039-6842
299:cite book
235:Olofsborg
214:Aftermath
34:Treaty of
591:Wikidata
554:Wikidata
517:Wikidata
493:(1968),
475:Skrifter
266:Birkarls
260:See also
231:Uleåborg
226:de facto
200:Lappland
180:Pyhäjoki
145:Karelian
128:Contents
84:and the
70:Nöteborg
24:century.
254:Finland
250:Savonia
172:Savonia
118:cognate
90:Finland
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38:Swedish
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324:ISBN
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248:and
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28:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
