429:
287:
333:
389:
454:
176:
48:
401:
Some physicians believe that combining LR with TI will help maintain gap between the metacarpal and the scaphoid. And that doing so will improve comfort and capability. Keep in mind that these aspects of the rationale are not supported by experimental evidence. The evidence suggests that all of these
340:
In one randomized trial comparing trapeziectomy alone with trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition, patients evaluated 5 to 18 years after surgery had similar pain intensity, grip strength and key and tip pinch strengths after
513:
CMC OA is the most common form of OA affecting the hand. Dahaghin et al. showed that about 15% of women and 7% of men between 50 and 60 years of age develop CMC OA of the thumb. However, in about 65% of people older than 55 years, radiologic evidence of OA was present without any symptoms. Armstrong
349:
During trapeziectomy, the trapezium bone is removed without any further surgical adjustments. The trapezium bone is removed through an approximately three centimeter long incision along the lateral side of the thumb. To preserve surrounding structures, the trapezium bone is removed "by splitting" it
325:
fuses the TMC joint. It is uncommonly used. Arthroplasty surgery for TMC OA removes part or all of the trapezium. Surgery may also support the metacarpal by reconstructing a ligament using a tendon graft or weave. Surgery may also place something in the space where the trapeziometacarpal joint
365:
Some physicians still believe that it is better to fill the gap left by the trapeziectomy. They assume that filling the gap with a part of a tendon is preferable in terms of function, stability and position of the thumb. This is based on the assumption that interposition can help maintain the space
116:
There may be enlargement at the TMC joint. This area may be tender, meaning it is painful when pressed. There may also be hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The thumb metacarpal deviates towards the middle of the hand (adduction). Also a grinding sound, known as crepitus, can be heard
104:
The main symptom is pain, particularly with gripping and pinching. This pain is often described as weakness, but true weakness is not a part of this disease. People may also note a change in shape of the thumb. Some people choose surgery, but most people find they can accommodate trapeziometacarpal
381:
Another technique is used to reconstruct the volar beak ligament after trapeziectomy. The rationale is that ligament reconstruction(LR) helps maintain the gap between the metacarpal and the scaphoid, and that a larger gap is associated with greater comfort and capability. Again these possibilities
125:
TMC OA is an expected part of aging in men and women equally. A population-based study of radiographic signs of pathophysiology in 3595 people assessed in a research-related comprehensive health examination found no association with physical workload. A study of people seeing a hand specialist for
314:
There are no treatments proved to slow or relieve TMC OA. In other words, there are no disease-modifying treatments. All treatments are symptom alleviating (palliative). Most surgery is reconstructive—it removes the TMC joint. Metacarpal osteotomy was proposed as a potentially disease
129:
Studies that compare people presenting with TMC symptoms to people without symptoms are sometimes interpreted as indicating that activities can contribute to the development of TMC OA. A more accurate conclusion may be that hand use is associated with seeking care for symptoms related to TMC OA.
466:
The aim of metacarpal osteotomy is to change the pressure distribution on the TMC joint. The hope is that this will slow the pace of development of osteoarthritis. There is no evidence that this procedure can modify the natural course of TMC OA. Osteotomy may be considered for people with mild
446:
Overall, joint replacements are related to long-term complications such as subluxation, fractures, synovitis (due to the material used) and nerve damaging. In many cases revision surgery is needed to either remove or repair the prosthesis. Also note that usage of a joint replacement is heavy in
481:
The most common complication after surgery is pain persisting in the thumb. Over long term, there is pain relief, but on short term, patients experience pain from the surgery itself. The main complaint is a burning sensation or hypersensitivity over the incision. Some patients develop a
96:
with age. Osteoarthritis is age-related loss of the smooth surface of the bone where it moves against another bone (cartilage of the joint). In reaction to the loss of cartilage, the bones thicken at the joint surface, resulting in subchondral sclerosis. Also, bony outgrowths, called
514:
et al. reported a prevalence of 33% in postmenopausal women, of which one-third was symptomatic, compared to 11% in men older than 55 years. This shows CMC OA of the thumb is significantly more prevalent in women, especially in postmenopausal women, compared to men.
1732:
Gangopadhyay S, McKenna H, Burke FD, Davis TR (March 2012). "Five- to 18-year follow-up for treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a prospective comparison of excision, tendon interposition, and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition".
305:
A simpler classification is no arthritis, some arthritis, and severe arthritis. This simpler classification system omits the potentially contradictory details of the Eaton/Littler classification and keeps scaphotrapezial arthrosis separate.
318:
There is limited and limited quality evidence regarding splints, corticosteroid injections, manual therapy and other palliative measures. Studies with adequate randomization, blinding, and independent assessment are lacking.
188:
TMC OA is diagnosed based on symptoms and signs. Radiographs can confirm the diagnosis and the severity of TMC OA. Other diagnoses in this region include scaphotrapezial trapezoid arthritis and first dorsal compartment tendinopathy
502:. Both are painful and need revision surgery so the prosthesis can be repaired or removed. When using a prosthesis over a longer period of time, there is a chance of breaking the prosthesis itself. This is due to mechanical wear.
369:
During trapeziectomy with TI, a longitudinal strip of the palmaris longus tendon is collected. If this tendon is absent (which is the case in 13% of the population), half of the flexor carpi radialis tendon (FCR) can be used.
436:
The joint can be replaced with artificial material. An artificial joint is also referred to as a prosthesis. Prostheses are more problematic at the trapeziometacarpal joint compared to joints like the knee or the hips.
1892:
Mureau MA, Rademaker RP, Verhaar JA, Hovius SE (September 2001). "Tendon interposition arthroplasty versus arthrodesis for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal arthritis: a retrospective comparative follow-up study".
413:
of the TMC joint is a surgical procedure in which the trapezium bone and the metacarpal bone of the thumb are secured together. They are held together by K-wires or a plate and screws until the bone will heal.
1631:
Vermeulen, Guus M.; Slijper, Harm; Feitz, Reinier; Hovius, Steven E.R.; Moojen, Thybout M.; Selles, Ruud W. (2011). "Surgical
Management of Primary Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review".
171:
The TMC joint is stabilized by 16 ligaments. Of these ligaments, the deep anterior oblique ligament, also known as the palmar beak ligament, is considered to be the most important stabilizing ligament.
138:
The TMC joint is a synovial joint between the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb. This joint is a so-called saddle joint (articulatio sellaris), unlike the
470:
During osteotomy, the metacarpal is cut and a wedge shape bone fragment is removed to move the bone away from the hand. Postoperative, the thumb of the patient is immobilized using a thumb-cast.
417:
Disadvantages include inability to flatten the hand. Additionally, the stress on the CMC joint is now spread over the adjacent joints, those joints are more likely to develop osteoarthritis.
385:
During this procedure the anterior oblique ligament is reconstructed using the FCR tendon. There is a wide variety in techniques to perform this LR, but they all have a similar goal.
113:
The symptom that brings people with TMC OA to the doctor is pain. Pain is typically experienced with gripping and pinching. People experiencing pain may describe it as weakness.
1857:
Burton RI, Pellegrini VD (May 1986). "Surgical management of basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Part II. Ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition arthroplasty".
896:
Haara, Mikko M.; Heliövaara, Markku; Kröger, Heikki; Arokoski, Jari P. A.; Manninen, Pirjo; Kärkkäinen, Alpo; Knekt, Paul; Impivaara, Olli; Aromaa, Arpo (July 2004).
1374:
Tomaino, M. M. Thumb basal joint arthritis. In D. P. Green et al. (Eds.), Green's
Operative Hand Surgery, 5th Ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2005. Pp. 461–485.
1299:
Bettinger PC, Linscheid RL, Berger RA, Cooney WP, Kai-Nan A (1999). "An anatomic study of the stabilizing ligaments of the trapezium and trapeziometacarpal joint".
648:"Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint: the pathophysiology of articular cartilage degeneration. II. Articular wear patterns in the osteoarthritic joint"
366:
between the metacarpal and the scaphoid, which will improve comfort and capability. Neither of these assumptions is supported by experimental evidence.
130:
Ligamentous laxity is often associated with TMC OA, but this is based on rationale rather than experimental evidence. Obesity may be related to TMC OA.
473:
Possible complications are non-union of the bone, persistent pain related to unrecognized CMC or pantrapezial disease and radial sensory nerve injury.
498:
of a prosthesis is a complication where the prosthesis is mobile and is partially dislocated. When the prosthesis is fully dislocated it is called a
1232:
Doerschuk SH, Hicks DG, Chinchilli VM, Pellegrini VD (May 1999). "Histopathology of the palmar beak ligament in trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis".
41:
Carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA) of the thumb, osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb, basilar (or basal) joint arthritis, rhizarthrosis
1514:"Survival and Long-Term Outcomes of Thumb Metacarpal Extension Osteotomy for Symptomatic Carpometacarpal Laxity and Early Basal Joint Arthritis"
1058:
Ghavami A, Oishi SN (May 2006). "Thumb trapeziometacarpal arthritis: treatment with ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty".
420:
Nevertheless, this procedure can be used in patients with stage II and III CMC OA as well as in young people with posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
357:. Despite this gap, no significant changes in function of the thumb are reported. After the surgery, the thumb will be immobilized with a cast.
450:
The quality of the prostheses is improving and there is reason to believe this will have a positive effect on outcome in the years to follow.
2094:
Armstrong AL, Hunter JB, Davis TRC (1994). "The prevalence of reparative arthritis of the base of the thumb in post-menopausal women".
505:
Prostheses might also cause a reaction of the body against the artificial material they are made of, resulting in local inflammation.
492:
After arthrodesis, non-union, in which fusion of the trapezium bone with the metacarpal bone fails, occurs in 8% to 21% of the cases.
142:
of the other four fingers which are ellipsoid joints. This means that the surfaces of the TMC joint are both concave and convex.
774:
North ER, Eaton RG (March 1983). "Degenerative joint disease of the trapezium: a comparative radiographic and anatomic study".
998:
Becker, Stéphanie J. E.; Teunis, Teun; Blauth, Johann; Kortlever, Joost T. P.; Dyer, George S. M.; Ring, David (March 2015).
2142:"Prevalence and pattern of radiographic hand osteoarthritis and association with pain and disability (the Rotterdam study)"
1571:"Current trends in nonoperative and operative treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a survey of US hand surgeons"
1287:
1271:
898:"Osteoarthritis in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Prevalence and associations with disability and mortality"
329:
The best available evidence suggests no difference in symptom alleviation with these variations of TMC arthroplasty.
1130:"Factors Associated With Radiographic Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis in Patients Not Seeking Care for This Condition"
78:
osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb, thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, basilar (or basal) joint arthritis,
1384:
Eaton RG, Glickel SZ (November 1987). "Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Staging as a rationale for treatment".
1838:
Blank J, Feldon P (1997). "Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint stabilization during carpometacarpal joint surgery".
1187:"Osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint in women and occupational risk factors: a case-control study"
483:
1000:"Medical services and associated costs vary widely among surgeons treating patients with hand osteoarthritis"
17:
428:
594:
TACCARDO, GIUSEPPE; DE VITIS, ROCCO; PARRONE, GIUSEPPE; MILANO, GIUSEPPE; FANFANI, FRANCESCO (2014-01-08).
315:
modifying surgery for more limited arthrosis, but there is no experimental support for this theory.
373:
The tendon is then formed into a circular shape and placed in the gap, where it is stabilized by sutures.
2200:
2056:
Weilby A, Søndorf J (March 1978). "Results following removal of silicone trapezium metacarpal implants".
1473:"Osteotomy versus tendon arthroplasty in trapeziometacarpal arthrosis: 17 patients followed for 1 year"
489:
Other general complications include superficial radial nerve damage and postoperative wound infection.
341:
each procedure. Trapeziectomy alone is associated with fewer complications than the other procedures.
443:
It’s not clear within the current literature that a prosthesis has any advantage over trapeziectomy.
286:
1768:
Gervis W.H. (1949). "Excision of the trapezium for osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint".
1675:
Wajon, Anne; Vinycomb, Toby; Carr, Emma; Edmunds, Ian; Ada, Louise (2015-02-23). Wajon, Anne (ed.).
126:
symptoms unrelated to TMC OA demonstrated no relationship of radiographic TMC OA to hand activity.
1185:
Fontana, Luc; Neel, Stéphanie; Claise, Jean-Marc; Ughetto, Sylvie; Catilina, Pierre (April 2007).
690:
Becker, Stéphanie J. E.; Briet, Jan Paul; Hageman, Michiel G. J. S.; Ring, David (December 2013).
1101:
Carr M. M., Freiberg A. (1994). "Osteoarthritis of the thumb: Clinical aspects and management".
943:
Wilkens, Suzanne C.; Ring, David; Teunis, Teun; Lee, Sang-Gil P.; Chen, Neal C. (March 2019).
139:
279:
in diameter, are present (usually adjacent to the volar and dorsal facets of the trapezium)
267:
in diameter, are present. (usually adjacent to the volar or dorsal facets of the trapezium)
190:
1803:
Weilby A (1988). "Tendon interposition arthroplasty of the first carpo-metacarpal joint".
8:
486:. This is a syndrome of chronic pain with changes of temperature and colour of the skin.
1336:"Contact patterns in the trapeziometacarpal joint: the role of the palmar beak ligament"
201:
TMC OA severity was classified by Eaton and
Littler which can be simplified as follows:
2195:
2166:
2141:
2119:
1997:
1989:
1954:
1929:
1709:
1676:
1551:
1162:
1129:
1083:
1071:
1032:
999:
980:
724:
691:
620:
595:
568:
535:
2069:
1870:
1397:
869:
825:
787:
664:
647:
2171:
2111:
2107:
2073:
2038:
1978:
1959:
1910:
1874:
1820:
1816:
1785:
1750:
1714:
1696:
1657:
1649:
1598:
1590:
1543:
1535:
1494:
1448:
1440:
1401:
1357:
1352:
1335:
1316:
1283:
1267:
1249:
1214:
1206:
1167:
1149:
1110:
1075:
1037:
1019:
972:
964:
925:
917:
913:
873:
829:
791:
756:
729:
711:
669:
625:
607:
573:
555:
60:
2123:
1128:
Wilkens, Suzanne C.; Tarabochia, Matthew A.; Ring, David; Chen, Neal C. (May 2019).
984:
856:
Glickel SZ (May 2001). "Clinical assessment of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint".
2161:
2153:
2103:
2065:
2028:
1974:
1970:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1902:
1866:
1812:
1777:
1742:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1641:
1582:
1555:
1525:
1484:
1432:
1393:
1347:
1308:
1241:
1198:
1157:
1141:
1087:
1067:
1027:
1011:
956:
909:
865:
821:
783:
719:
703:
659:
615:
563:
547:
85:
47:
2140:
Dahaghin S, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Ginai AZ, Pols HA, Hazes JM, Koes BW (May 2005).
1419:
Sodha, Samir; Ring, David; Zurakowski, David; Jupiter, Jesse B. (December 2005).
354:
65:
2033:
2016:
432:
X-ray of trapeziometacarpal joint replacement. Left hand of a 58-year-old woman.
1781:
1746:
1645:
1586:
1530:
1513:
1202:
960:
93:
1928:
Wajon A, Vinycomb T, Carr E, Edmunds I, Ada L (February 2015). Wajon A (ed.).
1489:
1472:
1015:
945:"Decision Aid for Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial"
707:
551:
440:
Prostheses come in many varieties, such as spacers or resurfacing prostheses.
290:
Stage 4 trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, with major subluxation of the joint
2189:
1700:
1653:
1594:
1539:
1444:
1210:
1153:
1145:
1023:
968:
921:
715:
611:
559:
332:
145:
This shape provides the TMC joint a wide range of motion. Movements include:
2157:
1906:
1570:
1420:
1186:
944:
897:
2175:
1982:
1963:
1914:
1789:
1754:
1718:
1661:
1602:
1547:
1452:
1320:
1312:
1253:
1245:
1218:
1171:
1079:
1041:
976:
929:
877:
733:
629:
577:
388:
2115:
2042:
1986:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace
1878:
1824:
1498:
1405:
1361:
1114:
833:
795:
760:
673:
2077:
1436:
495:
453:
410:
322:
534:
Patel, Tejas J.; Beredjiklian, Pedro K.; Matzon, Jonas L. (2012-12-16).
353:
An empty gap is left by the trapeziectomy and the wound is closed with
98:
92:
bone of the thumb. This is one of the joints where most humans develop
89:
175:
117:
when the TMC joint is moved, more so when axial pressure is applied.
499:
2017:"First metacarpal osteotomy for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis"
1231:
2139:
1512:
Bachoura, Abdo; Yakish, Eric J.; Lubahn, John D. (August 2018).
596:"Surgical treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis"
101:(also known as “bone spurs”), are formed at the joint margins.
1421:"Prevalence of osteoarthrosis of the trapeziometacarpal joint"
1298:
1930:"Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis"
1731:
1677:"Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis"
895:
593:
376:
326:
was, either a tendon wrapped up into a ball or a prosthesis.
1891:
1630:
1569:
Wolf, Jennifer
Moriatis; Delaronde, Steven (January 2012).
997:
812:
Burton R. I. (1973). "Basal joint arthrosis of the thumb".
1418:
1333:
360:
233:< 1/3 subluxation of the joint (in any projection)
1127:
2093:
1927:
1674:
1184:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1282:
Gray's
Anatomy for Students, second edition, Elsevier,
1100:
533:
1470:
1425:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
902:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
689:
1334:
Pellegrini VD, Olcott CW, Hollenberg G (March 1993).
1609:
1511:
942:
193:) although these are usually easy to distinguish.
2014:
1837:
2187:
1856:
692:"Death, taxes, and trapeziometacarpal arthrosis"
2135:
2133:
1471:Atroshi I, Axelsson G, Nilsson EL (June 1998).
1053:
1051:
1466:
1464:
1462:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
402:procedures have comparable long-term results.
55:Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint
2055:
1568:
641:
639:
382:are not supported by experimental evidence.
2130:
1921:
1885:
1725:
1383:
1225:
1057:
1048:
811:
120:
2015:Hobby JL, Lyall HA, Meggitt BF (May 1998).
2008:
1850:
1767:
1681:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1459:
1377:
1327:
840:
540:Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
2049:
2000:|...|intentional=yes}}
1004:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
773:
767:
740:
696:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
645:
636:
396:
377:Trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction
74:Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMC OA)
46:
2165:
2032:
1953:
1708:
1529:
1488:
1351:
1161:
1031:
723:
663:
619:
589:
587:
567:
529:
527:
1802:
452:
427:
387:
331:
285:
174:
855:
461:
361:Trapeziectomy with tendon interposition
14:
2188:
746:
584:
524:
336:Showing the forces after trapeziectomy
2089:
2087:
1266:Sobotta Anatomy, 14th ed., Elsevier,
301:Concomitant scaphotrapezial arthritis
108:
891:
889:
887:
807:
805:
685:
683:
536:"Trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis"
423:
1761:
24:
2084:
1368:
1094:
1072:10.1097/01.prs.0000214652.31293.23
230:slight widening of the joint space
25:
2212:
884:
802:
680:
196:
33:Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis
914:10.2106/00004623-200407000-00013
476:
344:
1831:
1796:
1668:
1562:
1505:
1412:
1292:
1276:
1260:
1178:
1121:
991:
936:
749:Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi
646:Pelligrini VD (November 1991).
508:
1975:10.1002/14651858.CD004631.pub5
1946:10.1002/14651858.CD004631.pub4
1693:10.1002/14651858.CD004631.pub4
484:complex regional pain syndrome
405:
84:. This joint is formed by the
13:
1:
2070:10.1016/s0363-5023(78)80064-1
1871:10.1016/s0363-5023(86)80137-x
1398:10.1016/S0749-0712(21)00761-7
870:10.1016/S0749-0712(21)00239-0
826:10.1016/S0030-5898(20)30797-5
788:10.1016/s0363-5023(83)80008-2
665:10.1016/S0363-5023(10)80055-3
517:
179:Showing the bones of the hand
2108:10.1016/0266-7681(94)90085-X
1817:10.1016/0266-7681(88)90171-4
1353:10.1016/0363-5023(93)90354-6
309:
282:Slight joint space narrowing
183:
7:
2034:10.1302/0301-620x.80b3.8199
1634:The Journal of Hand Surgery
1575:The Journal of Hand Surgery
1518:The Journal of Hand Surgery
1191:The Journal of Hand Surgery
949:The Journal of Hand Surgery
747:Kihara H (April 1992). "".
10:
2217:
1934:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1782:10.1302/0301-620X.31B4.537
1747:10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.11.027
1646:10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.028
1587:10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.10.010
1531:10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.01.005
1203:10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.01.014
961:10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.06.004
133:
88:bone of the wrist and the
1490:10.3109/17453679809000932
1016:10.1007/s11999-014-3912-3
708:10.1007/s11999-013-3243-9
552:10.1007/s12178-012-9147-6
121:Etiology and Epidemiology
59:
54:
45:
37:
32:
1146:10.1177/1558944717732064
392:Arthrodesis of the thumb
2158:10.1136/ard.2004.023564
1907:10.1053/jhsu.2001.26659
397:Trapeziectomy with LRTI
1313:10.1053/jhsu.1999.0786
1246:10.1053/jhsu.1999.0496
814:Orthop. Clin. North Am
458:
457:Osteotomy of the thumb
433:
393:
337:
291:
180:
1992:|...}}
1969:(Retracted, see
1134:Hand (New York, N.Y.)
1060:Plast. Reconstr. Surg
456:
431:
391:
335:
289:
178:
2021:J Bone Joint Surg Br
1524:(8): 772.e1–772.e7.
1437:10.2106/JBJS.E.00104
955:(3): 247.e1–247.e9.
462:Metacarpal osteotomy
191:De Quervain syndrome
2201:Skeletal disorders
1103:Am. Fam. Physician
459:
434:
394:
338:
298:Narrow joint space
292:
181:
109:Signs and symptoms
76:is, also known as
1770:J Bone Joint Surg
1477:Acta Orthop Scand
1431:(12): 2614–2618.
1109:(995): 995–1000.
702:(12): 3738–3744.
424:Joint replacement
71:
70:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2208:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1967:
1957:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1628:
1607:
1606:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1533:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1468:
1457:
1456:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1296:
1290:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1066:(6): 116e–128e.
1055:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1010:(3): 1111–1117.
995:
989:
988:
940:
934:
933:
908:(7): 1452–1457.
893:
882:
881:
853:
838:
837:
809:
800:
799:
771:
765:
764:
744:
738:
737:
727:
687:
678:
677:
667:
643:
634:
633:
623:
591:
582:
581:
571:
531:
278:
266:
50:
30:
29:
21:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2146:Ann. Rheum. Dis
2138:
2131:
2092:
2085:
2054:
2050:
2013:
2009:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1968:
1940:(2): CD004631.
1926:
1922:
1890:
1886:
1855:
1851:
1840:Atlas Hand Clin
1836:
1832:
1801:
1797:
1766:
1762:
1730:
1726:
1687:(2): CD004631.
1673:
1669:
1629:
1610:
1567:
1563:
1510:
1506:
1469:
1460:
1417:
1413:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1332:
1328:
1297:
1293:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1230:
1226:
1183:
1179:
1126:
1122:
1099:
1095:
1056:
1049:
996:
992:
941:
937:
894:
885:
854:
841:
810:
803:
772:
768:
751:(in Japanese).
745:
741:
688:
681:
644:
637:
592:
585:
532:
525:
520:
511:
479:
464:
426:
408:
399:
379:
363:
347:
312:
276:
264:
199:
186:
136:
123:
111:
66:Plastic surgery
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2182:
2181:
2129:
2102:(3): 340–341.
2083:
2058:J Hand Surg Am
2048:
2007:
1920:
1895:J Hand Surg Am
1884:
1859:J Hand Surg Am
1849:
1830:
1811:(4): 421–425.
1805:J Hand Surg Br
1795:
1776:(4): 537–539.
1760:
1735:J Hand Surg Am
1724:
1667:
1640:(1): 157–169.
1608:
1561:
1504:
1458:
1411:
1376:
1367:
1340:J Hand Surg Am
1326:
1307:(4): 786–798.
1301:J Hand Surg Am
1291:
1275:
1259:
1240:(3): 496–504.
1234:J Hand Surg Am
1224:
1197:(4): 459–465.
1177:
1140:(3): 364–370.
1120:
1093:
1047:
990:
935:
883:
839:
820:(347): 331–8.
801:
776:J Hand Surg Am
766:
739:
679:
652:J Hand Surg Am
635:
606:(3): 138–144.
583:
522:
521:
519:
516:
510:
507:
478:
475:
463:
460:
425:
422:
407:
404:
398:
395:
378:
375:
362:
359:
346:
343:
311:
308:
303:
302:
299:
284:
283:
280:
269:
268:
257:
256:
255:
254:
253:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:
247:
246:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
231:
198:
197:Classification
195:
185:
182:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
135:
132:
122:
119:
110:
107:
94:osteoarthritis
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2213:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2027:(3): 508–12.
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1999:
1991:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:(5): 869–76.
1900:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:(3): 324–32.
1864:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1483:(3): 287–90.
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:(4): 455–71.
1391:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1346:(2): 238–44.
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1288:9780443069529
1285:
1279:
1273:
1272:9780702034831
1269:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
890:
888:
879:
875:
871:
867:
864:(2): 185–95.
863:
859:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
806:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
762:
758:
755:(4): 228–39.
754:
750:
743:
735:
731:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
686:
684:
675:
671:
666:
661:
658:(6): 975–82.
657:
653:
649:
642:
640:
631:
627:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
588:
579:
575:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
528:
523:
515:
506:
503:
501:
497:
493:
490:
487:
485:
477:Complications
474:
471:
468:
455:
451:
448:
444:
441:
438:
430:
421:
418:
415:
412:
403:
390:
386:
383:
374:
371:
367:
358:
356:
351:
350:into pieces.
345:Trapeziectomy
342:
334:
330:
327:
324:
320:
316:
307:
300:
297:
296:
295:
288:
281:
275:Osteophytes,
274:
273:
272:
263:Osteophytes,
262:
261:
260:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
202:
194:
192:
177:
173:
167:Circumduction
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
141:
131:
127:
118:
114:
106:
102:
100:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:rhizarthrosis
79:
75:
67:
64:
62:
58:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
18:Trapeziectomy
2152:(5): 682–7.
2149:
2145:
2099:
2095:
2064:(2): 154–6.
2061:
2057:
2051:
2024:
2020:
2010:
1996:{{
1988:{{
1937:
1933:
1923:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1741:(3): 411–7.
1738:
1734:
1727:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1637:
1633:
1581:(1): 77–82.
1578:
1574:
1564:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1480:
1476:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1278:
1262:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1063:
1059:
1007:
1003:
993:
952:
948:
938:
905:
901:
861:
857:
817:
813:
782:(2): 160–6.
779:
775:
769:
752:
748:
742:
699:
695:
655:
651:
603:
599:
543:
539:
512:
509:Epidemiology
504:
494:
491:
488:
480:
472:
469:
465:
449:
445:
442:
439:
435:
419:
416:
409:
400:
384:
380:
372:
368:
364:
352:
348:
339:
328:
321:
317:
313:
304:
293:
270:
258:
203:
200:
187:
170:
144:
137:
128:
124:
115:
112:
103:
81:
77:
73:
72:
2096:J Hand Surg
496:Subluxation
467:arthritis.
411:Arthrodesis
406:Arthrodesis
323:Arthrodesis
105:arthritis.
99:osteophytes
38:Other names
2190:Categories
1846:: 217–225.
546:(1): 1–8.
518:References
164:Reposition
161:Opposition
140:CMC joints
90:metacarpal
2196:Arthritis
1998:retracted
1990:retracted
1701:1469-493X
1654:0363-5023
1595:1531-6564
1540:1531-6564
1445:0021-9355
1386:Hand Clin
1211:0363-5023
1154:1558-9447
1024:1528-1132
969:1531-6564
922:0021-9355
858:Hand Clin
716:1528-1132
612:2512-9090
560:1935-973X
310:Treatment
294:Stage 4:
277:> 2 mm
271:Stage 3:
265:< 2 mm
259:Stage 2:
204:Stage 1:
184:Diagnosis
158:Adduction
155:Abduction
152:Extension
86:trapezium
61:Specialty
2176:15374852
2124:26424006
1983:28368089
1964:25702783
1915:11561240
1790:15397137
1755:22305824
1719:25702783
1662:21193136
1603:22119601
1548:29503049
1453:16322609
1321:10447171
1254:10357527
1219:17398355
1172:28918660
1080:16651933
1042:25171936
985:51709751
977:30031600
930:15252092
878:11478041
734:23959907
630:25606524
578:23242976
500:luxation
2167:1755481
2116:8077824
2043:9619947
1955:6464627
1879:3711604
1825:3249143
1710:6464627
1556:3709534
1499:9703405
1406:3693416
1362:8463587
1163:6535938
1115:7942418
1088:6741548
1033:4317453
834:4707436
796:6833724
761:1593195
725:3825869
674:1748768
621:4295705
569:3702767
447:costs.
355:sutures
149:Flexion
134:Anatomy
2174:
2164:
2122:
2114:
2078:632545
2076:
2041:
1981:
1977:,
1962:
1952:
1913:
1877:
1823:
1788:
1753:
1717:
1707:
1699:
1660:
1652:
1601:
1593:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1497:
1451:
1443:
1404:
1360:
1319:
1286:
1270:
1252:
1217:
1209:
1170:
1160:
1152:
1113:
1086:
1078:
1040:
1030:
1022:
983:
975:
967:
928:
920:
876:
832:
794:
759:
732:
722:
714:
672:
628:
618:
610:
600:Joints
576:
566:
558:
80:or as
2120:S2CID
1994:with
1552:S2CID
1084:S2CID
981:S2CID
2172:PMID
2112:PMID
2074:PMID
2039:PMID
1979:PMID
1960:PMID
1938:2015
1911:PMID
1875:PMID
1821:PMID
1786:PMID
1751:PMID
1715:PMID
1697:ISSN
1685:2015
1658:PMID
1650:ISSN
1599:PMID
1591:ISSN
1544:PMID
1536:ISSN
1495:PMID
1449:PMID
1441:ISSN
1402:PMID
1358:PMID
1317:PMID
1284:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1250:PMID
1215:PMID
1207:ISSN
1168:PMID
1150:ISSN
1111:PMID
1076:PMID
1038:PMID
1020:ISSN
973:PMID
965:ISSN
926:PMID
918:ISSN
874:PMID
830:PMID
792:PMID
757:PMID
730:PMID
712:ISSN
670:PMID
626:PMID
608:ISSN
574:PMID
556:ISSN
2162:PMC
2154:doi
2104:doi
2100:19B
2066:doi
2029:doi
1971:doi
1950:PMC
1942:doi
1903:doi
1867:doi
1813:doi
1778:doi
1774:31B
1743:doi
1705:PMC
1689:doi
1642:doi
1583:doi
1526:doi
1485:doi
1433:doi
1394:doi
1348:doi
1309:doi
1242:doi
1199:doi
1158:PMC
1142:doi
1068:doi
1064:117
1028:PMC
1012:doi
1008:473
957:doi
910:doi
866:doi
822:doi
784:doi
720:PMC
704:doi
700:471
660:doi
616:PMC
564:PMC
548:doi
2192::
2170:.
2160:.
2150:64
2148:.
2144:.
2132:^
2118:.
2110:.
2098:.
2086:^
2072:.
2060:.
2037:.
2025:80
2023:.
2019:.
1958:.
1948:.
1936:.
1932:.
1909:.
1899:26
1897:.
1873:.
1863:11
1861:.
1842:.
1819:.
1809:13
1807:.
1784:.
1772:.
1749:.
1739:37
1737:.
1713:.
1703:.
1695:.
1683:.
1679:.
1656:.
1648:.
1638:36
1636:.
1611:^
1597:.
1589:.
1579:37
1577:.
1573:.
1550:.
1542:.
1534:.
1522:43
1520:.
1516:.
1493:.
1481:69
1479:.
1475:.
1461:^
1447:.
1439:.
1429:87
1427:.
1423:.
1400:.
1388:.
1356:.
1344:18
1342:.
1338:.
1315:.
1305:24
1303:.
1248:.
1238:24
1236:.
1213:.
1205:.
1195:32
1193:.
1189:.
1166:.
1156:.
1148:.
1138:14
1136:.
1132:.
1107:50
1105:.
1082:.
1074:.
1062:.
1050:^
1036:.
1026:.
1018:.
1006:.
1002:.
979:.
971:.
963:.
953:44
951:.
947:.
924:.
916:.
906:86
904:.
900:.
886:^
872:.
862:17
860:.
842:^
828:.
816:.
804:^
790:.
778:.
753:66
728:.
718:.
710:.
698:.
694:.
682:^
668:.
656:16
654:.
650:.
638:^
624:.
614:.
602:.
598:.
586:^
572:.
562:.
554:.
542:.
538:.
526:^
2178:.
2156::
2126:.
2106::
2080:.
2068::
2062:3
2045:.
2031::
2004:)
2002:.
1973::
1966:.
1944::
1917:.
1905::
1881:.
1869::
1844:2
1827:.
1815::
1792:.
1780::
1757:.
1745::
1721:.
1691::
1664:.
1644::
1605:.
1585::
1558:.
1528::
1501:.
1487::
1455:.
1435::
1408:.
1396::
1390:3
1364:.
1350::
1323:.
1311::
1256:.
1244::
1221:.
1201::
1174:.
1144::
1117:.
1090:.
1070::
1044:.
1014::
987:.
959::
932:.
912::
880:.
868::
836:.
824::
818:4
798:.
786::
780:8
763:.
736:.
706::
676:.
662::
632:.
604:1
580:.
550::
544:6
189:(
20:)
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