681:
657:
213:
633:
669:
645:
431:. The most common treatment method for a dislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint (GH Joint/Shoulder Joint) is exercise based management. Another method of treatment is to place the injured arm in a sling or in another immobilizing device in order to keep the joint stable. A 2012 Cochrane review, found no statistically significant difference in healing or long-term joint mobility between simple shoulder dislocations treated conservatively versus surgically.
173:
45:
137:
693:
618:
541:
more likely to receive dislocations due to a car accident. When an individual receives a hip dislocation, there is an incidence rate of 95% that they will receive an injury to another part of their body as well. 46–84% of hip dislocations occur secondary to traffic accidents, the remaining percentage is due based on falls, industrial accidents or sporting injury.
485:
humeral head anteriorly and downwardly. Vessel and nerve injuries during a shoulder dislocation is rare, but can cause many impairments and requires a longer recovery process. There is a 39% average rate of recurrence of anterior shoulder dislocation, with age, sex, hyperlaxity and greater tuberosity fractures being the key risk factors.
599:
466:
For glenohumeral instability, the therapeutic program depends on specific characteristics of the instability pattern, severity, recurrence and direction with adaptations made based on the needs of the patient. In general, the therapeutic program should focus on restoration of strength, normalization
484:
Shoulder dislocations account for 45% of all dislocation visits to the emergency room. Anterior shoulder dislocation, the most common type of shoulder dislocation (96-98% of the time) occurs when the arm is in external rotation and abduction (away from the body) produces a force that displaces the
382:
Plain films are generally sufficient in making a joint dislocation diagnosis. However, cross-sectional imaging can subsequently be used to better define and evaluate abnormalities that may be missed or not clearly seen on plain X-rays. CT is useful in further analyzing any bony aberrations, and CT
312:
syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos
Syndrome. Hypermobility syndrome is genetically inherited disorder that is thought to affect the encoding of the connective tissue protein’s collagen in the ligament of joints. The loosened or stretched ligaments in the joint provide little stability and allow for the jo
540:
Anterior dislocations are less common than posterior dislocations. 10% of all dislocations are anterior and this is broken down into superior and inferior types. Superior dislocations account for 10% of all anterior dislocations, and inferior dislocations account for 90%. 16-40 year old males are
442:
On field reduction is crucial for joint dislocations. As they are extremely common in sports events, managing them correctly at the game at the time of injury, can reduce long term issues. They require prompt evaluation, diagnosis, reduction, and postreduction management before the person can be
562:
dislocation, is a simultaneous dislocation of the talar joints at the talocalcaneal and talonavicular levels. Subtalar dislocations without associated fractures represent about 1% of all traumatic injuries of the foot and 1-2 % of all dislocations, and they are associated with high energy
304:
Joint dislocations are caused by trauma to the joint or when an individual falls on a specific joint. Great and sudden force applied, by either a blow or fall, to the joint can cause the bones in the joint to be displaced or dislocated from normal position. With each dislocation, the ligaments
358:
Ultrasound may be useful in an acute setting, particularly with suspected shoulder dislocations. Although it may not be as accurate in detecting any associated fractures, in one observational study ultrasonography identified 100% of shoulder dislocations, and was 100% sensitive in identifying
337:
Generally, pre- and post-reduction X-rays are recommended. Initial X-ray can confirm the diagnosis as well as evaluate for any concomitant fractures. Post-reduction radiographs confirm successful reduction alignment and can exclude any other bony injuries that may have been caused during the
321:
Some times dislocation can also occur because of
Rheumatoid arthritis, In Rheumatoid arthritis the production of synovial fluid decrease gradually causing pain, swollen joint, and stiffness. A forceful push causes friction and can dislocate the joint. Initial evaluation of a suspected joint
692:
525:
In the United States, men are most likely to sustain a finger dislocation with an incidence rate of 17.8 per 100,000 person-years. Women have an incidence rate of 4.65 per 100,000 person-years. The average age group that sustain a finger dislocation are between 15 and 19 years
434:
Some joints are more at risk of becoming dislocated again after an initial injury. This is due to the weakening of the muscles and ligaments which hold the joint in place. The shoulder is a prime example of this. Any shoulder dislocation should be followed up with thorough
423:
It is important the joint is reduced as soon as possible, as in the state of dislocation, the blood supply to the joint (or distal anatomy) may be compromised. This is especially true in the case of a dislocated ankle, due to the anatomy of the blood supply to the foot.
383:
angiogram may be utilized if vascular injury is suspected. In addition to improved visualization of bony abnormalities, MRI permits for a more detailed inspection of the joint-supporting structures in order to assess for ligamentous and other soft tissue injury.
341:
In certain instances if initial X-rays are normal but injury is suspected, there is possible benefit of stress/weight-bearing views to further assess for disruption of ligamentous structures and/or need for surgical intervention. This may be utilized with
265:, that is, skilled manipulation to return the bones to their normal position. Reduction should only be performed by trained medical professionals, because it can cause injury to soft tissue and/or the nerves and vascular structures around the dislocation.
587:
2113:
2098:
874:
Ruemper, A. & Watkins, K. (2012). Correlations between general joint hypermobility and joint hypermobility syndrome and injury in contemporary dance students. Journal of Dance
Medicine & Science, 16(4):
467:
of range of motion and optimization of flexibility and muscular performance. Throughout all stages of the rehabilitation program, it is important to take all related joints and structures into consideration.
1141:
Dias, J., Steingold, R., Richardson, R., Tesfayohannes, B., Gregg, P. (1987). The conservative treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation. British
Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery. 69(5): 719–722.
680:
322:
dislocation should begin with a thorough patient history, including mechanism of injury, and physical examination. Special attention should be focused on the neurovascular exam both before and after
569:
Ankle
Sprains primarily occur as a result of tearing the ATFL (anterior talofibular ligament) in the Talocrural Joint. The ATFL tears most easily when the foot is in plantarflexion and inversion.
499:
Many different knee injuries can happen. Three percent of knee injuries are acute traumatic patellar dislocations. Because dislocations make the knee unstable, 15% of patellas will re-dislocate.
1103:
774:
Smith, R. L., & Brunolli, J. J. (1990). Shoulder kinesthesia after anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation. Journal of
Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 11(11), 507–513.
476:
Each joint in the body can be dislocated, however, there are common sites where most dislocations occur. The following structures are the most common sites of joint dislocations:
1784:
Ruhlmann F, Poujardieu C, Vernois J, Gayet LE (2017). "Isolated Acute
Traumatic Subtalar Dislocations: Review of 13 Cases at a Mean Follow-Up of 6 Years and Literature Review".
1159:
Ganz, R., Gill, T., Gautier, E., Ganz, K., Krugel, N., Berlemann, U. (2001). Surgical dislocation of the adult hip. The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 83(8): 1119–1124.
401:
X-rays are usually taken to confirm a diagnosis and detect any fractures which may also have occurred at the time of dislocation. A dislocation is easily seen on an X-ray.
326:, as injury to these structures may occur during the injury or during the reduction process. Subsequent imaging studies are frequently obtained to assist with diagnosis.
2195:
1854:
Prada-Cañizares A, Auñón-MartĂn I, Vilá Y Rico J, Pretell-Mazzini J (May 2016). "Subtalar dislocation: management and prognosis for an uncommon orthopaedic condition".
404:
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, the joint is usually manipulated back into position. This can be a very painful process, therefore this is typically done either in the
258:. Dislocations can occur in any major joint (shoulder, knees, etc.) or minor joint (toes, fingers, etc.). The most common joint dislocation is a shoulder dislocation.
1653:
459:(for complex joints like shoulders). Additionally, the joint muscles, tendons and ligaments must also be strengthened. This is usually done through a course of
656:
1430:"Risk factors which predispose first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations to recurrent instability in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1328:
Cools AM, Borms D, Castelein B, Vanderstukken F, Johansson FR (1 February 2016). "Evidence-based rehabilitation of athletes with glenohumeral instability".
759:
1318:
Itoi, E., Hatakeyama, Y., Kido, T., Sato, T., Minagawa, H., Wakabayashi, I., Kobayashi, M. (2003). Journal of
Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 12(5): 413–415.
1540:
Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Stone ML, Silva P, Davis DK, Elias DA, White LM (1 July 2004). "Epidemiology and
Natural History of Acute Patellar Dislocation".
398:
into its normal position only by a trained medical professional. Trying to reduce a joint without any training could substantially worsen the injury.
1042:
Heers G, Hedtmann A (2005). "Correlation of ultrasonographic findings to Tossy's and Rockwood's classification of acromioclavicular joint injuries".
366:(congenital hip dislocation), ultrasound is the imaging study of choice as the proximal femoral epiphysis has not significantly ossified at this age.
55:
2001:
Wight L, Owen D, Goldbloom D, Knupp M (October 2017). "Pure Ankle Dislocation: A systematic review of the literature and estimation of incidence".
632:
2188:
1150:
Holdsworth, F. (1970). Fractures, dislocations, and fracture dislocations of the spine. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 52 (8): 1534–1551.
2670:
668:
305:
keeping the bones fixed in the correct position can be damaged or loosened, making it easier for the joint to be dislocated in the future.
701:
of ventral dislocation of the radial head. There is calcification of annular ligament, which can be seen as early as 2 weeks after injury.
3099:
2181:
116:
1928:
Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults: Two Volumes Plus Integrated Content Website (Rockwood, Green, and Wilkins' Fractures)
359:
successful reduction when compared to plain radiographs. Ultrasound may also have utility in diagnosing AC joint dislocations.
617:
88:
3104:
1936:
1908:
1127:
Bankart, A. (2004). The pathology and treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder-joint. Acta Orthop Belg. 70: 515–519
968:
1953:
995:"Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic examination in the management of shoulder dislocation in the emergency department"
502:
Patellar dislocations often occur when the knee is in full extension and sustains a trauma from the lateral to medial side.
1649:
3000:
1171:"The effect of exercise-based management for multidirectional instability of the glenohumeral joint: a systematic review"
95:
887:"Survey of the Management of Acute Traumatic First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Among Trauma Clinicians in the UK"
1593:
2383:
644:
598:
74:
3005:
2561:
2430:
102:
757:
586:
3056:
395:
323:
262:
1749:
Clegg TE, Roberts CS, Greene JW, Prather BA (2010). "Hip dislocations—Epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes".
84:
1270:
Taylor F, Sims M, Theis JC, Herbison GP (18 April 2012). Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group (ed.).
1487:"Incidence of Acute Traumatic Patellar Dislocation Among Active-Duty United States Military Service Members"
2697:
2665:
559:
348:
Nomenclature: Joint dislocations are named based on the distal component in relation to the proximal one.
376:
1078:
3020:
2738:
63:
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2132:
727:
698:
331:
212:
17:
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2519:
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59:
1695:"The Epidemiology of Finger Dislocations Presenting for Emergency Care Within the United States"
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2870:
2707:
2702:
1926:
309:
109:
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1923:
For a graphic representation of displacements that may lead to a total talar dislocation see:
1898:
849:
563:
trauma. Early closed reduction is recommended, otherwise open reduction without further delay.
3049:
2835:
2795:
2639:
2609:
2334:
242:
on the joint like an impact or fall. A joint dislocation can cause damage to the surrounding
943:
3010:
2649:
2554:
2393:
494:
405:
70:
8:
3089:
2845:
2815:
2281:
2255:
2117:
1954:"Effects of lateral ligament sectioning on the stability of the ankle and subtalar joint"
993:
Abbasi S, Molaie H, Hafezimoghadam P, Zare MA, Abbasi M, Rezai M, Farsi D (August 2013).
479:
417:
2036:
Earwaker J (1992). "Posttraumatic calcification of the annular ligament of the radius".
1675:
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2785:
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2250:
2061:
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813:
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535:
343:
206:
1011:
994:
756:
Dislocations. Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
463:, which will also help reduce the chances of repeated dislocations of the same joint.
427:
Shoulder injuries can also be surgically stabilized, depending on the severity, using
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2825:
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2018:
1983:
1975:
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239:
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1365:
1079:"Developmental dysplasia of the hip | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
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2939:
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2010:
1965:
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2547:
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2014:
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1606:
1445:
763:
549:
308:
Some individuals are prone to dislocations due to congenital conditions, such as
3032:
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2307:
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1402:
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712:
555:
413:
160:
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1187:
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Total talar dislocation is very rare and has very high rates of complications.
3083:
3066:
2949:
2913:
2908:
2770:
2712:
2604:
2388:
1979:
1710:
1561:
1553:
1510:
1502:
1453:
1349:
1238:
1230:
1020:
910:
902:
804:
662:
Radiograph of right fifth phalanx dislocation resulting from bicycle accident
552:
is a dislocation or fracture-dislocation injury at the tarsometatarsal joints
460:
436:
363:
3044:
2944:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2810:
2594:
2589:
2524:
2329:
2297:
2022:
1987:
1875:
1840:
1805:
1770:
1728:
1614:
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1518:
1471:
1411:
1357:
1305:
1256:
1196:
1063:
1028:
928:
822:
717:
608:
2057:
1952:
Ringleb SI, Dhakal A, Anderson CD, Bawab S, Paranjape R (1 October 2011).
944:"Acromioclavicular injury | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
234:, where two or more bones meet. A partial dislocation is referred to as a
3015:
2954:
2800:
2722:
2208:
2156:
428:
235:
1485:
Hsiao M, Owens BD, Burks R, Sturdivant RX, Cameron KL (1 October 2010).
2923:
2805:
2644:
2584:
2238:
2049:
623:
604:
522:: Interphalangeal (IP) or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint dislocations
353:
193:
73:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
2090:
1970:
2775:
2506:
2462:
2370:
2302:
2269:
1486:
3039:
2458:
2265:
2229:
1591:
Ramponi D (2016). "Patellar Dislocations and Reduction Procedure".
1169:
Warby SA, Pizzari T, Ford JJ, Hahne AJ, Watson L (1 January 2014).
451:
After a dislocation, injured joints are usually held in place by a
409:
243:
172:
2203:
686:
Shoulder dislocation before (left) and after (right) being reduced
2321:
1428:
Olds M, Ellis R, Donaldson K, Parmar P, Kersten P (1 July 2015).
456:
372:
185:
1386:"Management of recent first-time anterior shoulder dislocations"
1327:
273:
The following symptoms are common with any type of dislocation.
2759:
2599:
2570:
2449:
2444:
2212:
2102:
1272:"Interventions for treating acute elbow dislocations in adults"
674:
Right fifth phalanx dislocation resulting from bicycle accident
519:
251:
247:
31:
1783:
992:
2484:
2408:
2348:
2317:
2224:
1896:
513:
507:
255:
231:
189:
2898:
2502:
2412:
2366:
2242:
490:
1951:
1692:
2539:
2480:
2344:
1826:
1748:
1484:
531:
1427:
884:
2000:
1539:
1390:
Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research
1269:
1383:
638:
Depiction of reduction of a dislocated spine, ca. 1300
510:: Posterior dislocation, 90% of all elbow dislocations
1212:
1168:
885:
Chong M, Karataglis D, Learmonth D (September 2006).
786:
261:
Treatment for joint dislocation is usually by closed
230:, occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the
2080:
1931:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2061.
1897:Michael A. Foy, Phillip S. Fagg (5 December 2011).
1213:Skelley NW, McCormick JJ, Smith MV (4 April 2017).
969:"Introduction to Trauma X-ray - Dislocation injury"
1900:Medicolegal Reporting in Orthopaedic Trauma E-Book
1693:Golan E, Kang KK, Culbertson M, Choueka J (2016).
1208:
1206:
891:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
1924:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1215:"In-game Management of Common Joint Dislocations"
789:"In-game Management of Common Joint Dislocations"
455:(for straight joints like fingers and toes) or a
3081:
1423:
1421:
1203:
850:U.S. National Library of Medicine – Dislocation
837:Mayo Clinic: Finger Dislocation Joint Reduction
787:Skelley NW, McCormick JJ, Smith MV (May 2014).
516:: Lunate and Perilunate dislocation most common
394:A dislocated joint usually can be successfully
1372:
1330:Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
863:Pubmed Health: Dislocation – Joint dislocation
362:In infants <6 months of age with suspected
69:Please review the contents of the article and
2671:Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
2555:
2189:
1827:GarcĂa-Regal J, Centeno-Ruano AJ (2013). "".
1041:
1994:
1418:
2029:
1903:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 320–.
572:Ankle dislocation without fracture is rare.
2562:
2548:
2196:
2182:
2035:
650:Dislocation of the carpo-metacarpal joint.
238:. Dislocations are often caused by sudden
211:
171:
1969:
1718:
1461:
1401:
1384:Khiami F, GĂ©rometta A, Loriaut P (2015).
1295:
1246:
1186:
1010:
918:
812:
752:
750:
748:
1590:
1542:The American Journal of Sports Medicine
1491:The American Journal of Sports Medicine
1276:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1137:
1135:
1133:
14:
3082:
745:
2543:
2177:
1786:The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1656:from the original on 24 December 2014
1175:Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
268:
1130:
1076:
1044:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
941:
782:
780:
592:Dislocation of the left index finger
38:
3001:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
1925:Robert W. Bucholz (29 March 2012).
24:
1735:
1681:
1676:Finger Dislocation Joint Reduction
1594:Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal
1056:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.03.002
364:developmental dysplasia of the hip
25:
3116:
3100:Dislocations, sprains and strains
2384:Anterior cruciate ligament injury
2076:
1012:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.01.022
777:
733:Listhesis, olisthesis, or olisthy
443:evaluated at a medical facility.
289:Bruising or redness of joint area
3006:Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
691:
679:
667:
655:
643:
631:
626:of left index finger dislocation
616:
597:
585:
135:
43:
1958:Journal of Orthopaedic Research
1945:
1917:
1890:
1847:
1820:
1777:
1668:
1642:
1629:
1584:
1533:
1478:
1321:
1312:
1263:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1121:
1096:
1070:
1035:
986:
961:
470:
334:, usually a minimum of 2 views
192:and the closed arrow marks the
188:fracture. Open arrow marks the
180:A traumatic dislocation of the
3057:Post-traumatic stress disorder
1288:10.1002/14651858.CD007908.pub2
973:www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk
935:
878:
868:
855:
842:
829:
768:
71:add the appropriate references
13:
1:
738:
446:
3105:Emergency medical procedures
2698:Advanced trauma life support
2666:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
2015:10.1016/j.injury.2017.08.011
1763:10.1016/j.injury.2009.08.007
1607:10.1097/tme.0000000000000104
1446:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094342
999:Annals of Emergency Medicine
389:
316:
7:
706:
283:Deformity of the joint area
56:reliable medical references
10:
3121:
2569:
1856:International Orthopaedics
1798:10.1053/j.jfas.2016.01.044
1403:10.1016/j.otsr.2014.06.027
578:
29:
2993:
2968:
2932:
2881:
2758:
2751:
2739:Resuscitative thoracotomy
2731:
2690:
2683:
2658:
2627:Clinical prediction rules
2625:
2618:
2577:
2501:
2479:
2457:
2443:
2407:
2365:
2343:
2316:
2264:
2237:
2223:
2147:
2084:
1868:10.1007/s00264-015-2910-8
1342:10.1007/s00167-015-3940-x
1188:10.1016/j.jse.2013.08.006
534:: Posterior and anterior
371:Cross-sectional imaging (
299:
200:
184:of the ankle with distal
179:
170:
156:
151:
62:or relies too heavily on
2635:Abbreviated Injury Scale
1829:Acta Ortopedica Mexicana
1711:10.1177/1558944715627232
1554:10.1177/0363546503260788
1503:10.1177/0363546510371423
1231:10.1177/1941738113499721
903:10.1308/003588406X117115
805:10.1177/1941738113499721
728:Projectional radiography
30:Not to be confused with
2866:Penetrating head injury
2861:Intracranial hemorrhage
2520:Achilles tendon rupture
2515:Patellar tendon rupture
1831:(Review) (in Spanish).
292:Difficulty moving joint
286:Reduced muscle strength
3062:Subcutaneous emphysema
3021:Volkmann's contracture
2871:Traumatic brain injury
2708:Early appropriate care
2703:Damage control surgery
164:
2836:Thoracic aorta injury
2796:Diaphragmatic rupture
2640:Injury Severity Score
2610:Trauma triad of death
1650:"Carpal dislocations"
560:talocalcaneonavicular
344:AC joint separations.
3011:Compartment syndrome
2650:Revised Trauma Score
2394:Patellar dislocation
495:Patellar dislocation
429:arthroscopic surgery
406:emergency department
338:reduction procedure.
2846:Blunt kidney trauma
2816:Pulmonary contusion
2282:Dislocated shoulder
762:28 May 2013 at the
480:Dislocated shoulder
418:general anaesthetic
85:"Joint dislocation"
2960:Spinal cord injury
2919:Penetrating trauma
2786:Soft tissue injury
2335:Gamekeeper's thumb
2292:Separated shoulder
2251:Dislocation of jaw
2148:External resources
2050:10.1007/BF00242127
536:dislocation of hip
269:Symptoms and signs
207:Orthopedic surgery
3075:
3074:
2989:
2988:
2831:Internal bleeding
2826:Cardiac tamponade
2781:Joint dislocation
2747:
2746:
2679:
2678:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2471:Rotator cuff tear
2439:
2438:
2425:High ankle sprain
2171:
2170:
2009:(10): 2027–2034.
1971:10.1002/jor.21407
1964:(10): 1459–1464.
1938:978-1-4511-6144-1
1910:978-0-7020-4886-9
1637:Elbow Dislocation
1497:(10): 1997–2004.
332:plain radiographs
280:Joint instability
224:joint dislocation
220:
219:
182:tibiotarsal joint
152:Joint dislocation
146:Medical condition
144:
143:
120:
16:(Redirected from
3112:
2981:Pediatric trauma
2976:Geriatric trauma
2940:Abdominal trauma
2756:
2755:
2688:
2687:
2623:
2622:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2493:Pulled hamstring
2455:
2454:
2399:Knee dislocation
2379:Tear of meniscus
2235:
2234:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2082:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2033:
2027:
2026:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1973:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1690:
1679:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1548:(5): 1114–1121.
1537:
1531:
1530:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1381:
1370:
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1108:www.uptodate.com
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984:
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979:
965:
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939:
933:
932:
922:
882:
876:
872:
866:
865:
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852:
846:
840:
839:
833:
827:
826:
816:
784:
775:
772:
766:
754:
723:Physical therapy
695:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
620:
601:
589:
558:dislocation, or
546:Foot and Ankle:
216:
215:
175:
149:
148:
139:
138:
130:
127:
121:
119:
78:
47:
46:
39:
21:
3120:
3119:
3115:
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3113:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3071:
2985:
2964:
2928:
2877:
2752:Pathophysiology
2743:
2727:
2675:
2654:
2614:
2573:
2568:
2538:
2529:
2497:
2475:
2448:
2435:
2403:
2361:
2357:Hip dislocation
2339:
2312:
2260:
2228:
2219:
2202:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2143:
2142:
2093:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2038:Skeletal Radiol
2034:
2030:
1999:
1995:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1895:
1891:
1862:(5): 999–1007.
1852:
1848:
1825:
1821:
1782:
1778:
1747:
1736:
1691:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1589:
1585:
1538:
1534:
1483:
1479:
1440:(14): 913–922.
1434:Br J Sports Med
1426:
1419:
1382:
1373:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1282:(4): CD007908.
1268:
1264:
1211:
1204:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1131:
1126:
1122:
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1110:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1083:radiopaedia.org
1075:
1071:
1040:
1036:
991:
987:
977:
975:
967:
966:
962:
952:
950:
948:radiopaedia.org
940:
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883:
879:
873:
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861:
860:
856:
848:
847:
843:
835:
834:
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785:
778:
773:
769:
764:Wayback Machine
755:
746:
741:
709:
702:
696:
687:
684:
675:
672:
663:
660:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
621:
612:
607:of right fifth
602:
593:
590:
581:
550:Lisfranc injury
473:
449:
392:
319:
302:
271:
210:
147:
140:
136:
131:
125:
122:
79:
68:
64:primary sources
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
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3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3033:Rhabdomyolysis
3028:Crush syndrome
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
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2901:
2896:
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2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2851:Splenic injury
2848:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
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2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
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2762:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2718:Trauma surgery
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2659:Investigations
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2574:
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2566:
2559:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2499:
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2496:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2421:Sprained ankle
2417:
2415:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2308:Bankart lesion
2305:
2300:
2295:
2285:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2232:
2221:
2220:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2129:
2110:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:Classification
2078:
2077:External links
2075:
2072:
2071:
2028:
1993:
1944:
1937:
1916:
1909:
1889:
1846:
1819:
1792:(1): 201–207.
1776:
1757:(4): 329–334.
1734:
1680:
1667:
1641:
1628:
1583:
1532:
1477:
1417:
1396:(1): S51–S57.
1371:
1336:(2): 382–389.
1320:
1311:
1262:
1225:(3): 246–255.
1202:
1181:(1): 128–142.
1161:
1152:
1143:
1129:
1120:
1095:
1069:
1050:(6): 725–732.
1034:
1005:(2): 170–175.
985:
960:
934:
897:(5): 454–458.
877:
867:
854:
841:
828:
799:(3): 246–255.
776:
767:
743:
742:
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737:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
713:Buddy wrapping
708:
705:
704:
703:
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529:
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527:
517:
511:
505:
504:
503:
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488:
487:
486:
477:
472:
469:
448:
445:
414:operating room
391:
388:
387:
386:
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369:
368:
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351:
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346:
339:
318:
315:
301:
298:
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296:
293:
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287:
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281:
278:
270:
267:
226:, also called
218:
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177:
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158:
154:
153:
145:
142:
141:
134:
132:
51:
49:
42:
27:Medical injury
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3117:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3078:
3068:
3067:Wound healing
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:Complications
2992:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Facial trauma
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Gunshot wound
2912:
2910:
2909:Electrocution
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2869:
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2864:
2862:
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2824:
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2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Bone fracture
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Trauma center
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Resuscitation
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:Unhappy triad
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:(3): 149–54.
2043:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1912:
1906:
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1857:
1850:
1842:
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1834:
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1823:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
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1600:
1596:
1595:
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1567:
1563:
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1555:
1551:
1547:
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1528:
1524:
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1516:
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1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
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1473:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Sports Health
1216:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1124:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
974:
970:
964:
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938:
930:
926:
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916:
912:
908:
904:
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888:
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871:
864:
858:
851:
845:
838:
832:
824:
820:
815:
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806:
802:
798:
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793:Sports Health
790:
783:
781:
771:
765:
761:
758:
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751:
749:
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734:
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619:
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583:
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468:
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461:physiotherapy
458:
454:
444:
440:
438:
437:physiotherapy
432:
430:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
399:
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381:
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370:
365:
361:
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356:
355:
352:
347:
345:
340:
336:
335:
333:
329:
328:
327:
325:
314:
311:
310:hypermobility
306:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
274:
266:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
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133:
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118:
115:
111:
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101:
97:
94:
90:
87: –
86:
82:
81:Find sources:
76:
72:
66:
65:
61:
57:
52:This article
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3077:
2945:Chest injury
2904:Crush injury
2894:Blunt trauma
2889:Blast injury
2811:Pneumothorax
2780:
2595:Traumatology
2590:Major trauma
2525:Shin splints
2330:Pulled elbow
2298:ALPSA lesion
2209:subluxations
2205:Dislocations
2204:
2155:
2131:
2112:
2097:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2006:
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1996:
1961:
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1947:
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1077:Gaillard F.
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942:Gaillard F.
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718:Major trauma
609:phalanx bone
471:Epidemiology
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277:Intense pain
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126:January 2022
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60:verification
53:
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3016:Contracture
2969:Demographic
2955:Head injury
2801:Flail chest
2723:Trauma team
2157:MedlinePlus
1113:21 February
1088:21 February
978:15 February
953:21 February
611:dislocation
236:subluxation
157:Other names
54:needs more
3090:Contortion
3084:Categories
2924:Stab wound
2806:Hemothorax
2732:Procedures
2691:Principles
2684:Management
2645:NACA score
2619:Assessment
2585:Polytrauma
2578:Principles
2005:(Review).
1858:(Review).
1788:(Review).
1104:"UpToDate"
739:References
624:Radiograph
605:Radiograph
447:After care
354:Ultrasound
96:newspapers
2882:Mechanism
2776:Degloving
2463:upper arm
2303:SLAP tear
2270:upper arm
2230:ligaments
1980:1554-527X
1562:0363-5465
1511:0363-5465
1454:0306-3674
1350:0942-2056
1239:1941-7381
1021:1097-6760
911:0035-8843
412:or in an
390:Treatment
330:Standard
324:reduction
317:Diagnosis
295:Stiffness
263:reduction
244:ligaments
202:Specialty
3040:Embolism
2459:Shoulder
2431:Turf toe
2266:Shoulder
2256:Whiplash
2066:43615869
2023:28826653
1988:21445995
1876:26208589
1841:24707608
1814:31290747
1806:26947001
1771:19796765
1729:27390562
1654:Archived
1623:42552493
1615:27139130
1578:11899852
1570:15262631
1527:19131206
1519:20616375
1472:25900943
1412:25596982
1366:21227767
1358:26704789
1306:22513954
1257:24790695
1197:24331125
1064:15936487
1029:23489654
929:17002849
875:161–166.
823:24790695
760:Archived
707:See also
556:Subtalar
416:under a
410:sedation
228:luxation
18:Luxation
2822:Cardio
2450:tendons
2445:Muscles
2322:forearm
2217:strains
2213:sprains
2138:D004204
2058:1604339
1884:6090499
1720:4920528
1660:5 March
1463:4687692
1297:6465046
1248:4000468
920:1964698
814:4000468
579:Gallery
457:bandage
396:reduced
252:muscles
248:tendons
186:fibular
165:luxatio
110:scholar
75:removed
3095:Joints
2933:Region
2857:Neuro
2760:Injury
2600:Triage
2571:Trauma
2225:Joints
2162:000014
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2003:Injury
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1751:Injury
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520:Finger
453:splint
408:under
300:Causes
256:nerves
254:, and
240:trauma
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32:sprain
2792:Resp
2485:thigh
2409:Ankle
2349:thigh
2318:Elbow
2108:T14.3
2062:S2CID
1880:S2CID
1810:S2CID
1619:S2CID
1574:S2CID
1523:S2CID
1362:S2CID
699:X-ray
514:Wrist
508:Elbow
232:joint
194:talus
190:tibia
161:Latin
117:JSTOR
103:books
2899:Burn
2767:MSK
2505:and
2503:Knee
2483:and
2461:and
2413:foot
2411:and
2369:and
2367:Knee
2347:and
2320:and
2268:and
2243:neck
2241:and
2239:Head
2215:and
2133:MeSH
2118:9-CM
2054:PMID
2019:PMID
1984:PMID
1976:ISSN
1933:ISBN
1905:ISBN
1872:PMID
1837:PMID
1802:PMID
1767:PMID
1725:PMID
1699:HAND
1662:2013
1611:PMID
1566:PMID
1558:ISSN
1515:PMID
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1408:PMID
1354:PMID
1346:ISSN
1302:PMID
1280:2012
1253:PMID
1235:ISSN
1193:PMID
1115:2018
1090:2018
1060:PMID
1025:PMID
1017:ISSN
980:2018
955:2018
925:PMID
907:ISSN
819:PMID
526:old.
491:Knee
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2842:GI
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