65:
484:
234:, which is the body's sense of limb position and movement. Sprains may be mild (first degree), moderate (second degree), or severe (third degree), with the latter two classes involving some degree of tearing of the ligament. Sprains can occur at any joint but most commonly occur in the ankle, knee, or wrist. An equivalent injury to a
771:(moves joint without patient exertion) and cryocuff (type of cold compress that is activated similarly to a blood pressure cuff) have been effective in reducing swelling and improving range of motion. Recent studies have shown that traction is just as effective as the RICE technique in treating ankle sprains in pediatric patients.
693:
A foot sprain is an injury to the ligaments that connect bones within the foot. The recovery process for a foot sprain is crucial for restoring normal function and preventing future injuries. This article outlines the general approach to foot sprain recovery, which varies depending on the severity of
742:
Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to reduce swelling and pain. Ice can be applied 3–4 times a day for 10–15 minutes at a time or until the swelling subsides and can be combined with a wrapping for support. Ice can also be used to numb pain but should only be applied for a short period
791:
and weakness. Although prolonged immobilization can have a negative effect on recovery, a study in 1996 suggest that the use of bracing can improve healing by alleviating pain and stabilizing the injury to prevent further damage to the ligament or re-injury. When using a brace, it is necessary to
367:
together, providing passive stabilization to a joint. These fibers can be found in various organizational patterns (parallel, oblique, spiral, etc.) depending on the function of the joint involved. Ligaments can be extra-capsular (located outside the joint capsule), capsular (continuation of the
779:
The components of an effective rehabilitation program for all sprain injuries include increasing the range of motion of the affected joint and progressive muscle strengthening exercises. After implementing conservative measures to reduce swelling and pain, mobilizing the limb within 48–72 hours
371:
Collagen fibers have about a 4% elastic zone where fibers stretch out with increased load on the joint. However, exceeding this elastic limit causes a rupture of fibers, leading to a sprain. It is important to recognize that ligaments adapt to training by increasing the cross-sectional area of
505:- Sprains most commonly occur at the ankle and can take longer to heal than ankle bone fractures. Most sprained ankles usually occur in the lateral ligaments on the outside of the ankle. Common causes include walking on uneven surfaces or during contact sports. See
1185:
Vuurberg, Gwendolyn; Hoorntje, Alexander; Wink, Lauren M.; Doelen, Brent F. W. van der; Bekerom, Michel P. van den; Dekker, Rienk; Dijk, C. Niek van; Krips, Rover; Loogman, Masja C. M.; Ridderikhof, Milan L.; Smithuis, Frank F. (2018-08-01).
685:
to reduce the signs and symptoms of sprains, surgery to repair severe tears or ruptures, and rehabilitation to restore function to the injured joint. Although most sprains can be managed without surgery, severe injuries may require tendon
347:
Acute sprains typically occur when the joint is abruptly forced beyond its functional range of motion, often in the setting of trauma or sports injuries. The most common cause of sprains in general is repetitive movements (overuse).
368:
joint capsule), or intra-articular (located within a joint capsule). The location has important implications for healing as blood flow to intra-articular ligaments is diminished compared to extra-capsular or capsular ligaments.
706:
within the first 24 hours of sustaining an injury. However, it is important to recognize that treatments should be individualized depending on the patient's particular injury and symptoms. Over-the-counter medications such as
469:– There is a partial tear of the affected ligament. Patients typically experience moderate swelling, tenderness, and some instability of the joint. There may be some difficulty bearing weight on the affected joint.
2205:
2190:
463:– There is minor stretching and structural damage to the ligament, leading to mild swelling and bruising. Patients typically present without joint instability or decreased range of motion of the joint.
372:
fibers. When a ligament is immobilized, the ligament has been shown to rapidly weaken. Normal daily activity is important for maintaining about 80–90% of the mechanical properties of a ligament.
816:
Bahr, Roald; Alfredson, Håkan; Järvinen, Markku; Järvinen, Tero; Khan, Karim; Kjaer, Michael; Matheson, Gordon; Maehlum, Sverre (2012-06-22), Bahr, Roald (ed.), "Types and Causes of
Injuries",
792:
ensure adequate blood flow to the extremity. Ultimately, the goal of functional rehabilitation is to return the patient to full daily activities while minimizing the risk of re-injury.
2283:
753:
end of the injury and decrease in the direction of the heart. This helps circulate the blood from the extremities to the heart. Careful management of swelling through
1089:
Longo, Umile
Giuseppe; Loppini, Mattia; Margiotti, Katia; Salvatore, Giuseppe; Berton, Alessandra; Khan, Wasim S.; Denaro, Nicola Maffulli and Vincenzo (2014-12-31).
1814:
Cramer H, Ostermann T, Dobos G (February 2018). "Injuries and other adverse events associated with yoga practice: A systematic review of epidemiological studies".
690:
or ligament repair based on the individual's circumstances. The amount of rehabilitation and time needed for recovery will depend on the severity of the sprain.
780:
following injury has been shown to promote healing by stimulating growth factors in musculoskeletal tissues linked to cellular division and matrix remodeling.
757:
is critical to the healing process by preventing further pooling of fluid in the sprained area. However, compression should not impede circulation of the limb.
1461:
Petersen, Wolf; Rembitzki, Ingo Volker; Koppenburg, Andreas Gösele; Ellermann, Andre; Liebau, Christian; Brüggemann, Gerd Peter; Best, Raymond (August 2013).
749:
Dressings, bandages, or wraps should be used to immobilize the sprain and provide support. When wrapping the injury, more pressure should be applied to the
269:, often leading to joint instability, severe pain, and decreased functional ability. These sprains require surgical fixation, prolonged immobilization, and
702:
Depending on the mechanism of injury, joint involvement, and severity, most sprains can be treated using conservative measures following the acronym
1851:"Effects of Topical Icing on Inflammation, Angiogenesis, Revascularization, and Myofiber Regeneration in Skeletal Muscle Following Contusion Injury"
1967:"Efficacy of the Stretch Band Ankle Traction Technique in the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Acute Ankle Sprains: A Randomized Control Trial"
743:
of time (less than twenty minutes) for this purpose. Prolonged ice exposure can reduce blood flow to the injured area and slow the healing process.
532:(metatarsophalangeal joint sprain) - forced hyperextension of the big toe upwards, especially during sports (initiating a sprint on a hard surface)
2276:
1910:"Preoperative range of motion and applications of continuous passive motion predict outcomes after knee arthroplasty in patients with arthritis"
1590:
van den
Bekerom, Michel P.J; Struijs, Peter A.A; Blankevoort, Leendert; Welling, Lieke; van Dijk, C. Niek; Kerkhoffs, Gino M.M.J (August 2012).
479:
a piece of bone. Patients typically experience severe joint instability, pain, bruising, swelling, and inability to apply weight to the joint.
439:
or bone pain at the injured site. In some instances, particularly if the healing process is prolonged or a more serious injury is suspected,
218:, often caused by a sudden movement abruptly forcing the joint to exceed its functional range of motion. Ligaments are tough, inelastic
2642:
2269:
849:
1402:
Tanaka, Nobuhiro; Atesok, Kivanc; Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi; Kamei, Naosuke; Nakamae, Toshio; Kotaka, Shinji; Adachi, Nobuo (2018-02-28).
1272:
722:
The injured site should be protected and immobilized, as there is an increased risk of recurrent injury to the affected ligaments.
2647:
1849:
Singh, Daniel P.; Barani
Lonbani, Zohreh; Woodruff, Maria A.; Parker, Tony J.; Steck, Roland; Peake, Jonathan M. (2017-03-07).
1054:
Doschak, M. R.; Zernicke, R. F. (March 2005). "Structure, function and adaptation of bone-tendon and bone-ligament complexes".
1305:
833:
708:
90:
1134:
Woods, Krista; Bishop, Phillip; Jones, Eric (2007-12-01). "Warm-Up and
Stretching in the Prevention of Muscular Injury".
1578:
2117:
584:
953:
2471:
1592:"What Is the Evidence for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation Therapy in the Treatment of Ankle Sprains in Adults?"
666:
sprain - Back sprains are one of the most common medical complaints, often caused by poor lifting mechanics and weak
579:
2518:
529:
1908:
Liao, Chun-De; Tsauo, Jau-Yih; Huang, Shih-Wei; Chen, Hung-Chou; Chiu, Yen-Shuo; Liou, Tsan-Hon (April 2019).
427:
Sprains can often be diagnosed clinically based on the patient's signs and symptoms, mechanism of injury, and
1696:
Bleakley CM, O'Connor SR, Tully MA, Rocke LG, Macauley DC, Bradbury I, Keegan S, McDonough SM (10 May 2010).
2637:
656:(Traumatic Cervical Spine Syndrome) - forced hyperextension and flexion of the neck, classically found in
2024:"Immobilisation versus early ankle movement for treating acute lateral ankle ligament injuries in adults"
595:
Superior
Tibiofibular Joint Sprain - typically caused by a twisting injury to the joint connecting the
440:
1522:
1188:"Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: update of an evidence-based clinical guideline"
768:
634:
196:
Mild injuries resolve well on their own. Severe injuries likely require surgery and physical therapy.
977:
544:- Sprains commonly occur at the knee, especially following intense pivoting on a planted leg during
496:
Although any joint can experience a sprain, some of the more common injuries include the following:
2220:
2166:
754:
2022:
Keene, David J; Williams, Mark A; Segar, Anand H; Byrne, Christopher; Lamb, Sarah E (2016-02-25).
1698:"Effect of accelerated rehabilitation on function after ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial"
265:: rest, ice, compression, elevation. However, severe sprains involve complete tears, ruptures, or
2607:
2602:
2375:
2261:
258:
17:
763:
Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to the rest of the body) can minimize swelling.
1248:
682:
404:
315:
Knowing the signs and symptoms of a sprain can be helpful in differentiating the injury from a
155:
2249:
1321:
902:
728:
The joint affected should be immobilized and bearing weight should be minimized. For example,
2422:
978:"Strains and Sprains Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Information on MedicineNet.com"
784:
626:
436:
336:
1234:
633:) - forceful grabbing that leads to an injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) at the
2481:
1346:
667:
605:
553:
428:
8:
2369:
2343:
2209:
1001:
653:
114:
Pain, swelling, bruising, joint instability, limited range of motion of the injured joint
1965:
Iammarino, Kathryn; Marrie, James; Selhorst, Mitchell; Lowes, Linda P. (February 2018).
2379:
2365:
2338:
2049:
1999:
1966:
1947:
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1850:
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1624:
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1438:
1403:
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207:
109:
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2004:
1986:
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476:
381:
145:
81:
31:
2053:
1951:
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2031:
1994:
1978:
1921:
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1823:
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1744:
1709:
1668:
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1619:
1603:
1490:
1474:
1433:
1415:
1199:
1143:
1102:
821:
630:
270:
623:- Wrist sprains commonly occur, especially during a fall on an outstretched hand.
2444:
2304:
2225:
1204:
926:
703:
316:
262:
243:
98:
86:
2169: - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
1827:
1091:"Unravelling the Genetic Susceptibility to Develop Ligament and Tendon Injuries"
2508:
2395:
2132:
1404:"Pathology and Treatment of Traumatic Cervical Spine Syndrome: Whiplash Injury"
1371:
877:
788:
733:
642:
506:
231:
73:
2199:
2036:
2023:
1926:
1909:
1607:
1546:
1478:
1002:"Sprains and Strains: Differences, Treatment, Symptoms, 3 Grades & Causes"
825:
2631:
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1990:
1935:
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1615:
1486:
1429:
1213:
1155:
1090:
1067:
1032:
561:
545:
388:
320:
38:
311:
Ligament rupture may cause a cracking or popping sound at the time of injury
168:
Frequent stretching and conditioning, bracing at risk joints during exercise
2612:
2417:
2385:
2144:
2102:
2008:
1982:
1943:
1894:
1835:
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1723:
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1163:
1114:
1075:
1040:
573:
415:
2296:
2244:
1187:
1019:
Frank, C. B. (June 2004). "Ligament structure, physiology and function".
444:
135:
94:
1589:
2326:
2069:"Rehabilitation of the Ankle After Acute Sprain or Chronic Instability"
663:
557:
411:
181:
2182:
1714:
1697:
122:
Mild cases - few days to six weeks Severe cases - few weeks to months
2594:
2550:
2458:
2390:
2357:
907:
National
Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
211:
191:
1460:
1273:"Sprains, Strains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries - OrthoInfo - AAOS"
637:(MCP) joint of the thumb, historically found in Scottish gamekeepers
308:
Decreased functional ability or range of motion of the injured joint
2546:
2353:
2317:
1572:
687:
569:
565:
519:
Eversion Ankle Sprain - injury that occurs when ankle rolls outward
516:
Inversion Ankle Sprain - injury that occurs when ankle rolls inward
448:
435:
can be obtained to help identify fractures, especially in cases of
397:
360:
356:
332:
296:
223:
2291:
2409:
1848:
1647:
Derry S, Moore RA, Gaskell H, McIntyre M, Wiffen PJ (June 2015).
1463:"Treatment of acute ankle ligament injuries: a systematic review"
729:
475:– There is a complete rupture or tear of the ligament, sometimes
2115:
64:
2537:
2532:
2194:
750:
616:
600:
292:
254:
239:
235:
1695:
1088:
2572:
2496:
2436:
2405:
2312:
815:
620:
596:
502:
483:
432:
328:
324:
250:
219:
215:
1964:
1767:"Does Cryotherapy Improve Outcomes With Soft Tissue Injury?"
1372:"Gamekeepers Thumb (Skiers, Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear)"
2590:
2500:
2454:
2330:
541:
364:
282:
227:
1401:
1184:
787:
can delay the healing of a sprain, as it usually leads to
715:
NSAIDs can be as effective as medications taken by mouth.
299:
caused by broken blood vessels within the injured ligament
230:
to form a joint and are important for joint stability and
2568:
2432:
1649:"Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults"
1646:
1370:
Hung, Chen-Yu; Varacallo, Matthew; Chang, Ke-Vin (2020),
1300:(11th ed.). McGraw Hill / Irwin. pp. 157, 160.
524:
140:
Environmental factors, age, poor training or sports gear
2021:
1547:"Stepping Up Your Game: Mastering Foot Sprain Recovery"
130:
Trauma, sports injuries, overuse, environmental hazards
1747:. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. March 2005
1056:
1021:
2172:
1813:
681:
Treatment of sprains usually involves incorporating
1907:
1369:
487:Three-dimensional animation illustrating a sprain
2629:
2116:familydoctor.org editorial staff (2010-12-01) .
1971:International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
1295:
1133:
249:The majority of sprains are mild, causing minor
2167:Questions and Answers about Sprains and Strains
1053:
2118:"Ankle Sprains: Healing and Preventing Injury"
2067:Mattacola, Carl G.; Dwyer, Maureen K. (2002).
2066:
1914:Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
1765:Hubbard, Tricia J.; Denegar, Craig R. (2004).
1764:
1521:Publishing, Harvard Health (8 February 2007).
443:(MRI) is performed to look at the surrounding
186:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
2277:
901:Nancy Garrick, Deputy Director (2017-04-10).
900:
335:, and fractures typically present with bone
2109:
774:
767:Other non-operative therapies including the
1653:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1345:Publishing, Harvard Health (5 April 2019).
414:", which when performed properly increases
2284:
2270:
1520:
1467:Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
1344:
1247:Publishing, Harvard Health (17 May 2019).
1246:
854:The Home Cyclopedia Of Health And Medicine
63:
27:Damage to one or more ligaments in a joint
2130:
2092:
2035:
1998:
1925:
1884:
1866:
1790:
1713:
1672:
1623:
1494:
1437:
1419:
1203:
176:Rest, ice, compression, elevation, NSAIDs
2120:. American Academy of Family Physicians.
1816:Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
1095:Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
592:Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury
585:Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury
482:
2028:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
589:Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury
580:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
323:. Strains typically present with pain,
14:
2630:
847:
91:physical medicine & rehabilitation
2265:
1516:
1514:
1298:Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology
1018:
709:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
276:
1730:
1237:Mayo Clinic. Retrieved on 2010-01-26
948:
946:
872:
870:
811:
809:
807:
805:
711:(NSAIDs) can help relieve pain, and
1296:Shier D, Butler J, Lewis R (2007).
24:
2124:
1689:
1511:
1192:British Journal of Sports Medicine
820:, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1–24,
491:
339:, especially when bearing weight.
25:
2659:
2643:Dislocations, sprains and strains
2472:Anterior cruciate ligament injury
2160:
1523:"Recovering from an ankle sprain"
1107:10.2174/1574888x09666140710112535
943:
867:
818:The IOC Manual of Sports Injuries
802:
769:continuous passive motion machine
454:
1148:10.2165/00007256-200737120-00006
2060:
2015:
1958:
1901:
1842:
1807:
1758:
1640:
1583:
1564:
1539:
1454:
1395:
1363:
1338:
1314:
1289:
1265:
1240:
1235:Strains and sprains information
1228:
1178:
1127:
1082:
1047:
954:"Sprains - Symptoms and causes"
697:
467:Second degree sprain (moderate)
375:
1665:10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub3
1012:
994:
970:
919:
894:
841:
732:should be limited in cases of
305:Difficulty with bearing weight
13:
1:
2648:Hazards of outdoor recreation
1322:"Turf Toe - OrthoInfo - AAOS"
795:
2073:Journal of Athletic Training
1771:Journal of Athletic Training
1596:Journal of Athletic Training
1205:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098106
676:
473:Third degree sprain (severe)
422:
351:
7:
1828:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.08.026
10:
2664:
461:First degree sprain (mild)
441:magnetic resonance imaging
261:, typically summarized as
257:that can be resolved with
150:Physical exam, joint x-ray
76:with bruising and swelling
36:
29:
2589:
2567:
2545:
2531:
2495:
2453:
2431:
2404:
2352:
2325:
2311:
2235:
2176:
2139:, StatPearls Publishing,
2131:Hsu H, Siwiec RM (2019),
2037:10.1002/14651858.cd012101
1927:10.1007/s00167-018-5257-z
1608:10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.14
1479:10.1007/s00402-013-1742-5
1378:, StatPearls Publishing,
826:10.1002/9781118467947.ch1
775:Functional rehabilitation
342:
226:that connect two or more
190:
180:
172:
164:
154:
144:
134:
126:
118:
108:
80:
71:
62:
58:Torn ligament, distorsion
54:
49:
1868:10.3389/fphys.2017.00093
755:cold compression therapy
30:Not to be confused with
2608:Achilles tendon rupture
2603:Patellar tendon rupture
1855:Frontiers in Physiology
1408:Advances in Orthopedics
410:Lack of stretching or "
1983:10.26603/ijspt20180001
488:
405:genetic predisposition
259:conservative treatment
156:Differential diagnosis
927:"Sprains and Strains"
903:"Sprains and Strains"
683:conservative measures
486:
418:and joint flexibility
393:Environmental factors
2482:Patellar dislocation
1421:10.1155/2018/4765050
606:Patellar dislocation
429:physical examination
407:to ligament injuries
363:fibers that connect
2638:Disorders of fascia
2370:Dislocated shoulder
2133:"Forearm Splinting"
1249:"Sprain (Overview)"
848:Hartshorne, Henry.
647:Neck sprain at the
635:metacarpophalangeal
572:and some styles of
2423:Gamekeeper's thumb
2380:Separated shoulder
2339:Dislocation of jaw
2236:External resources
649:cervical vertebrae
627:Gamekeeper's thumb
513:for more details.
489:
277:Signs and symptoms
267:avulsion fractures
208:soft tissue injury
103:emergency medicine
37:For the band, see
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2559:Rotator cuff tear
2527:
2526:
2513:High ankle sprain
2259:
2258:
1715:10.1136/bmj.c1964
1326:www.orthoinfo.org
1307:978-0-07-330555-4
1277:www.orthoinfo.org
1142:(12): 1089–1099.
878:"Ligament Sprain"
850:"Sprained Joints"
835:978-1-118-46794-7
550:American football
511:high ankle sprain
302:Joint instability
200:
199:
146:Diagnostic method
44:Medical condition
32:Joint dislocation
16:(Redirected from
2655:
2581:Pulled hamstring
2543:
2542:
2487:Knee dislocation
2467:Tear of meniscus
2323:
2322:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2174:
2173:
2154:
2153:
2152:
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2121:
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2106:
2096:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2039:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1929:
1920:(4): 1259–1269.
1905:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1870:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1762:
1756:
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1753:
1752:
1745:"Sprained Ankle"
1741:
1728:
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1627:
1587:
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1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1473:(8): 1129–1141.
1458:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1423:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1367:
1361:
1360:
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1342:
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1318:
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1311:
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1232:
1226:
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1207:
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1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1016:
1010:
1009:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
950:
941:
940:
938:
937:
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
874:
865:
864:
862:
860:
845:
839:
838:
813:
271:physical therapy
160:Strain, fracture
67:
47:
46:
21:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2617:
2585:
2563:
2536:
2523:
2491:
2449:
2445:Hip dislocation
2427:
2400:
2348:
2316:
2307:
2290:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2231:
2230:
2185:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2129:
2125:
2114:
2110:
2065:
2061:
2020:
2016:
1963:
1959:
1906:
1902:
1847:
1843:
1812:
1808:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1731:
1694:
1690:
1659:(6): CD007402.
1645:
1641:
1588:
1584:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1519:
1512:
1459:
1455:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1183:
1179:
1136:Sports Medicine
1132:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1087:
1083:
1052:
1048:
1017:
1013:
1000:
999:
995:
986:
984:
976:
975:
971:
962:
960:
952:
951:
944:
935:
933:
931:medlineplus.gov
925:
924:
920:
911:
909:
899:
895:
886:
884:
876:
875:
868:
858:
856:
846:
842:
836:
814:
803:
798:
777:
734:sprained ankles
700:
679:
599:(shinbone) and
494:
492:Joints involved
457:
425:
387:High-intensity
378:
354:
345:
279:
99:family medicine
87:Sports medicine
45:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2661:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2540:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2509:Sprained ankle
2505:
2503:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2396:Bankart lesion
2393:
2388:
2383:
2373:
2362:
2360:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2320:
2309:
2308:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2202:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:Classification
2171:
2170:
2162:
2161:External links
2159:
2156:
2155:
2123:
2108:
2079:(4): 413–429.
2059:
2014:
1957:
1900:
1841:
1822:(2): 147–154.
1806:
1777:(3): 278–279.
1757:
1729:
1688:
1639:
1602:(4): 435–443.
1582:
1563:
1538:
1527:Harvard Health
1510:
1453:
1394:
1362:
1351:Harvard Health
1337:
1313:
1306:
1288:
1264:
1253:Harvard Health
1239:
1227:
1177:
1126:
1081:
1046:
1027:(2): 199–201.
1011:
993:
969:
942:
918:
893:
866:
840:
834:
800:
799:
797:
794:
789:muscle atrophy
785:immobilization
776:
773:
765:
764:
758:
744:
737:
723:
699:
696:
678:
675:
674:
673:
672:
671:
661:
660:auto accidents
651:
640:
639:
638:
611:
610:
609:
608:
603:
593:
590:
587:
582:
546:contact sports
536:
535:
534:
533:
522:
521:
520:
517:
507:sprained ankle
493:
490:
481:
480:
470:
464:
456:
455:Classification
453:
424:
421:
420:
419:
408:
401:
394:
391:
389:contact sports
385:
377:
374:
353:
350:
344:
341:
313:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
290:
285:
278:
275:
242:is known as a
232:proprioception
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
84:
78:
77:
74:sprained ankle
69:
68:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2660:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Unhappy triad
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1567:
1552:
1551:revivalpt.net
1548:
1542:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1352:
1348:
1347:"Knee Sprain"
1341:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1007:
1003:
997:
983:
979:
973:
959:
955:
949:
947:
932:
928:
922:
908:
904:
897:
883:
879:
873:
871:
855:
851:
844:
837:
831:
827:
823:
819:
812:
810:
808:
806:
801:
793:
790:
786:
781:
772:
770:
762:
759:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
735:
731:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
716:
714:
710:
705:
695:
691:
689:
684:
669:
665:
662:
659:
655:
652:
650:
646:
645:
644:
641:
636:
632:
631:Skier's thumb
628:
625:
624:
622:
618:
615:
614:
613:
607:
604:
602:
598:
594:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:pole vaulting
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:
539:
538:
531:
528:
527:
526:
523:
518:
515:
514:
512:
508:
504:
501:
500:
499:
497:
485:
478:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
458:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
417:
413:
409:
406:
402:
399:
395:
392:
390:
386:
383:
380:
379:
373:
369:
366:
362:
358:
349:
340:
338:
334:
331:, and muscle
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
83:
79:
75:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
48:
40:
39:Sprain (band)
33:
19:
2613:Shin splints
2418:Pulled elbow
2386:ALPSA lesion
2300:
2297:subluxations
2293:Dislocations
2243:
2219:
2204:
2189:
2148:, retrieved
2136:
2126:
2111:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2027:
2017:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1749:. Retrieved
1705:
1701:
1691:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1570:
1566:
1555:. Retrieved
1553:. 2024-04-19
1550:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1387:, retrieved
1375:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:
1316:
1297:
1291:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1242:
1230:
1195:
1191:
1180:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1101:(1): 56–63.
1098:
1094:
1084:
1062:(1): 35–40.
1059:
1055:
1049:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1005:
996:
985:. Retrieved
981:
972:
961:. Retrieved
957:
934:. Retrieved
930:
921:
910:. Retrieved
906:
896:
885:. Retrieved
881:
857:. Retrieved
853:
843:
817:
782:
778:
766:
760:
747:Compression:
746:
739:
725:
719:
701:
698:Non-surgical
694:the injury.
692:
680:
668:core muscles
612:
574:martial arts
537:
498:
495:
472:
466:
460:
426:
400:or equipment
398:conditioning
376:Risk factors
370:
355:
346:
314:
248:
203:
201:
136:Risk factors
2245:MedlinePlus
1977:(1): 1–11.
1414:: 4765050.
1198:(15): 956.
1006:MedicineNet
982:MedicineNet
958:Mayo Clinic
882:Physiopedia
859:16 February
445:soft tissue
431:. However,
384:and overuse
95:orthopedics
55:Other names
2632:Categories
2150:2019-03-12
2137:StatPearls
1751:2008-04-01
1557:2024-05-16
1532:2020-04-21
1389:2020-04-24
1376:StatPearls
1356:2020-04-20
1331:2020-04-24
1282:2020-04-14
1258:2020-04-20
1120:2020-04-20
987:2020-04-20
963:2020-04-14
936:2020-04-14
912:2020-04-14
887:2020-04-13
796:References
783:Prolonged
761:Elevation:
558:basketball
437:tenderness
416:blood flow
412:warming up
337:tenderness
319:or simple
182:Medication
165:Prevention
2551:upper arm
2391:SLAP tear
2358:upper arm
2318:ligaments
2085:1062-6050
2046:1465-1858
1991:2159-2896
1936:1433-7347
1877:1664-042X
1783:1062-6050
1708:: c1964.
1616:1062-6050
1573:Mnemonics
1487:0936-8051
1430:2090-3464
1214:0306-3674
1156:1179-2035
1068:1108-7161
1033:1108-7161
677:Treatment
449:ligaments
423:Diagnosis
357:Ligaments
352:Mechanism
327:, muscle
214:within a
212:ligaments
192:Prognosis
173:Treatment
82:Specialty
2547:Shoulder
2519:Turf toe
2354:Shoulder
2344:Whiplash
2145:29763155
2103:12937563
2054:74861780
2009:29484236
1952:54446697
1944:30523369
1895:28326040
1836:28958637
1801:15496998
1724:20457737
1683:26068955
1634:22889660
1505:23712708
1448:29682354
1384:29763146
1222:29514819
1172:27159577
1164:18027995
1115:25012736
1076:15788869
1041:15615126
720:Protect:
688:grafting
658:rear-end
654:Whiplash
570:baseball
566:softball
554:football
530:Turf toe
477:avulsing
403:Age and
361:collagen
333:weakness
325:cramping
321:fracture
297:hematoma
293:Bruising
288:Swelling
255:bruising
251:swelling
224:collagen
222:made of
119:Duration
110:Symptoms
2538:tendons
2533:Muscles
2410:forearm
2305:strains
2301:sprains
2226:D013180
2000:5808004
1886:5339266
1674:6426435
1625:3396304
1571:Medical
1496:3718986
1439:5851023
730:walking
713:topical
617:Fingers
382:Fatigue
210:of the
18:Sprains
2313:Joints
2250:000041
2143:
2101:
2094:164373
2091:
2083:
2052:
2044:
2007:
1997:
1989:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1893:
1883:
1875:
1861:: 93.
1834:
1799:
1792:522152
1789:
1781:
1722:
1681:
1671:
1632:
1622:
1614:
1579:235
1503:
1493:
1485:
1446:
1436:
1428:
1382:
1304:
1220:
1212:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1113:
1074:
1066:
1039:
1031:
832:
751:distal
621:wrists
601:fibula
433:x-rays
343:Causes
317:strain
244:strain
240:tendon
236:muscle
220:fibers
204:sprain
127:Causes
50:Sprain
2573:thigh
2497:Ankle
2437:thigh
2406:Elbow
2215:848.9
2200:T14.3
2050:S2CID
1948:S2CID
1168:S2CID
726:Rest:
643:Spine
597:tibia
503:Ankle
396:Poor
365:bones
329:spasm
228:bones
216:joint
206:is a
2593:and
2591:Knee
2571:and
2549:and
2501:foot
2499:and
2457:and
2455:Knee
2435:and
2408:and
2356:and
2331:neck
2329:and
2327:Head
2303:and
2221:MeSH
2210:9-CM
2141:PMID
2099:PMID
2081:ISSN
2042:ISSN
2005:PMID
1987:ISSN
1940:PMID
1932:ISSN
1891:PMID
1873:ISSN
1832:PMID
1797:PMID
1779:ISSN
1720:PMID
1679:PMID
1630:PMID
1612:ISSN
1575:.com
1501:PMID
1483:ISSN
1444:PMID
1426:ISSN
1412:2018
1380:PMID
1302:ISBN
1218:PMID
1210:ISSN
1160:PMID
1152:ISSN
1111:PMID
1072:PMID
1064:ISSN
1037:PMID
1029:ISSN
861:2010
830:ISBN
740:Ice:
704:RICE
664:Back
619:and
542:Knee
525:Toes
447:and
359:are
283:Pain
263:RICE
253:and
2595:leg
2569:Hip
2535:and
2459:leg
2433:Hip
2315:and
2206:ICD
2191:ICD
2089:PMC
2032:doi
1995:PMC
1979:doi
1922:doi
1881:PMC
1863:doi
1824:doi
1787:PMC
1710:doi
1706:340
1702:BMJ
1669:PMC
1661:doi
1620:PMC
1604:doi
1491:PMC
1475:doi
1471:133
1434:PMC
1416:doi
1200:doi
1144:doi
1103:doi
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