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241:
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54:
188:(plural, ecchymoses) (over 1 cm (0.39 in)) as synonymous with a bruise, in some other schemas, an ecchymosis is differentiated by its remoteness from the source and cause of bleeding, with blood dissecting through tissue planes and settling in an area remote from the site of trauma or even nontraumatic pathology, such as in
696:, with hemoglobin itself producing a red-blue color, biliverdin producing a green color, bilirubin producing a yellow color, and hemosiderin producing a golden-brown color. As these products are cleared from the area, the bruise disappears. Often the underlying tissue damage has been repaired long before this process is complete.
613:, or other tissue to be damaged. The symptoms and signs of these injuries may initially appear to be those of simple bruising. Abdominal bruising or severe injuries that cause difficulty in moving a limb or the feeling of liquid under the skin may indicate life-threatening injury and require the attention of a physician.
268:(3 to 10 millimetres in diameter). Ecchymoses also have a more diffuse border than other purpura. A broader definition of ecchymosis is the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. The term also applies to the subcutaneous discoloration resulting from seepage of blood within the injured tissue.
257:. The likelihood and severity of bruising depends on many factors, including type and healthiness of affected tissues. Minor bruises may be easily recognized in people with light skin color by characteristic blue or purple appearance (idiomatically described as "black and blue") in the days following the injury.
565:
Low levels of damaging forces produce small bruises and generally cause the individual to feel minor pain straight away. Repeated impacts worsen bruises, increasing the harm level. Normally, light bruises heal nearly completely within two weeks, although duration is affected by variation in severity
416:
Bruise shapes may correspond directly to the instrument of injury or be modified by additional factors. Bruises often become more prominent as time lapses, resulting in additional size and swelling, and may grow to a large size over the course of the hours after the injury that caused the bruise was
755:
of pain, although causing additional pain may indicate the massage is exacerbating the injury. As for most injuries, these techniques should not be applied until at least three days following the initial damage to ensure all internal bleeding has stopped, because although increasing blood flow will
231:
can lead to the formation of purpura which is not to be confused with trauma-related bruising/contusion. If the trauma is sufficient to break the skin and allow blood to escape the interstitial tissues, the injury is not a bruise but bleeding, a different variety of hemorrhage. Such injuries may be
748:) and, later in recovery, light stretching exercises. Particularly, immediate application of ice while elevating the area may reduce or completely prevent swelling by restricting blood flow to the area and preventing internal bleeding. Rest and preventing re-injury is essential for rapid recovery.
248:
Bruises often induce pain immediately after the trauma that results in their formation, but small bruises are not normally dangerous alone. Sometimes bruises can be serious, leading to other more life-threatening forms of hematoma, such as when associated with serious injuries, including
342:
may cause relatively easy or spontaneous bruising depending on the severity. Spontaneous bruising or bruising with minimal trauma in the absence of other explanations and together with other minor or major criteria suggestive of vascular Ehlers–Danlos
Syndrome (vEDS) suggests
767:, including ancient medicine of Egyptians, Greeks, Celts, Turks, Slavs, Maya, Aztecs and Chinese, has used bruising as a treatment for some health problems. The methods vary widely and include cupping, scraping, and slapping.
569:
Severe bruising (harm score 2–3) may be dangerous or cause serious complications. Further bleeding and excess fluid may accumulate causing a hard, fluctuating lump or swelling hematoma. This has the potential to cause
1763:
1740:
138:
tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration. The bruise then remains visible until the blood is either absorbed by tissues or cleared by
1582:
Byers PH. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos
Syndrome. 1999 Sep 2 . In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® . Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2020. Available from:
279:
often result in a deep blue or dark red bruise, respectively. Darker colored bruises may result from a more severe bleeding from both blood vessels. Older bruises may appear yellow, green or brown.
1113:
1308:
756:
allow more healing factors into the area and encourage drainage, if the injury is still bleeding this will allow more blood to seep out of the wound and cause the bruise to become worse.
219:
forces. Trauma sufficient to cause bruising can occur from a wide variety of situations including accidents, falls, and surgeries. Disease states such as insufficient or malfunctioning
330:
infection. Unexplained bruising can also indicate internal bleeding or certain types of cancer. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy can cause easy bruising. Bruising present around the
554:
The harm score is determined by the extent and severity of the injuries to the organs and tissues causing the bruising, in turn depending on multiple factors. For example, a
162:(less than 3 mm (0.12 in), resulting from numerous and diverse etiologies such as adverse reactions from medications such as warfarin, straining, asphyxiation,
633:
to break under the skin, allowing blood to escape and build up. As time progresses, blood seeps into the surrounding tissues, causing the bruise to darken and spread.
574:
in which the swelling cuts off blood flow to the tissues. The trauma that induced the bruise may also have caused other severe and potentially fatal harm to internal
2194:
779:, used by Greeks and Romans in the bath. Archaeologically there is no precedent for scraping tools before Greek archaeological evidence, not Chinese or Egyptian.
1717:
207:
As a type of hematoma, a bruise is always caused by internal bleeding into the interstitial tissues which does not break through the skin, usually initiated by
1315:
637:
endings within the affected tissue detect the increased pressure, which, depending on severity and location, may be perceived as pain or pressure or be
448:
Location: More extensive vascularity causes more bleeding. Areas such as the arms, knees, shins and the facial area are especially common bruise sites.
1552:
271:
Bruise colors vary from red, blue, or almost black, depending on the severity of broken capillaries or blood vessels within the bruise site. Broken
176:(3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in)), classified as palpable purpura or non-palpable purpura and indicating various pathologic conditions such as
1444:
1397:
775:) uses a small hand device with a rounded edge to gently scrape the scalp or the skin. Another ancient device that creates mild bruising is a
2187:
1132:
421:
Condition and type of tissue: In soft tissues, a larger area is bruised than would be in firmer tissue due to ease of blood to invade tissue.
1878:
2180:
1283:
260:
Hematomas can be subdivided by size. By definition, ecchymoses are 1 centimetres in size or larger, and are therefore larger than
737:
97:
2311:
1088:
1061:
458:
have been shown to bruise more, although this may just be due to greater visibility on commonly associated lighter complexion.
1352:
1098:
1071:
1118:
2486:
2469:
1420:
2809:
1373:
401:
2548:
2500:
27:
2267:
1871:
1161:
Kinnaman, Karen; Binder, William; Nadel, Eric; Brown, David (2015). "Petechiae, anemia, and throbocytopenia".
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and death. Treatment for brain bruising may involve emergency surgery to relieve the pressure on the brain.
751:
Very gently massaging the area and applying heat may encourage blood flow and relieve pain according to the
2528:
2491:
2361:
1000:
of a particular area of skin, associated with an individual kissing or sucking the affected area beforehand
358:
indicate the abrasions occurred while the individual was alive, as opposed to damage incurred post mortem.
1559:
2681:
2257:
339:
2636:
2481:
2018:
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Age: elderly skin and other tissues are often thinner and less elastic and thus more prone to bruising.
409:
1645:
2752:
2323:
2304:
1864:
1597:"Women with Red Hair Report a Slightly Increased Rate of Bruising but Have Normal Coagulation Tests"
1504:
2722:
2465:
2294:
1782:
733:
93:
2712:
2505:
2043:
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and individual healing processes; generally, more severe or deeper bruises take somewhat longer.
20:
1458:
2824:
2626:
2601:
2559:
948:, "tissue infused with organic juice"; elaboration from chyme, the formative juice of tissues.
579:
467:
Bruises can be scored on a scale from 0–5 to categorize the severity and danger of the injury.
212:
197:
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vary in strength, stiffness and toughness, which can also vary by age and medical conditions.
2621:
2611:
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2013:
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571:
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8:
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2003:
1906:
1621:
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1415:. Williams, Joanne Lynne; Landis-Piwowar, Kristin (3rd ed.). Boston. p. 665.
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1209:
977:
882:
555:
355:
71:
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2631:
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Liem, Edwin B.; Hollensead, Sandra C.; Joiner, Teresa V.; Sessler, Daniel I. (2006).
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and blood vessel diseases or deficiencies can increase bruising due to more bleeding.
254:
135:
66:
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muscle will bruise more severely, as will tissues crushed against underlying bone.
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Skin tone: Discoloration caused by bruises is more prominent in lighter complexions.
227:
deficiencies, or vascular disorders, such as venous blockage associated with severe
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2397:
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2008:
1988:
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582:: bleeding, bruising and massive swelling of the brain with the potential to cause
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1941:
1911:
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Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007).
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81:
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Gumus, Koray (30 May 2007). "A child with racoon eyes masquerading as trauma".
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in the extracellular space. The striking colors of a bruise are caused by the
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1946:
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1364:
Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C.; Perkins, James A. (2017-03-28).
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During this time, larger bruises may change color due to the breakdown of
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to plug the wound and eventually leads to restoration of normal tissue.
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1983:
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to minimize bleeding. As the endothelium is destroyed, the underlying
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There are many causes of subcutaneous hematomas including ecchymoses.
240:
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2111:
2053:
1998:
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Genes: Despite having completely normal coagulation factors, natural
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1979:
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220:
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115:
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1809:
1520:"Bruises, blood coagulation tests and the battered child syndrome"
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1027:
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772:
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265:
173:
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under pressure can involve capillaries at the level of skin,
53:
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1017:
860:
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815:
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587:
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may cause ecchymosis formation in children. The medication
16:
Type of localized bleeding in tissues outside blood vessels
1368:(10th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 101.
771:
uses suction which causes bruising in patients. Scraping (
154:
Bruises are not to be confused with other similar-looking
851:
821:
806:
427:
Gender: More bruising occurs in females due to increased
334:(belly button) with severe abdominal pain suggests acute
720:
Treatment for light bruises is minimal and may include
593:
Damage that causes bruising can also cause bones to be
451:
Forces: Greater striking forces cause greater bruising.
2202:
1363:
1694:
Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary: "ecchymosis"
869:
863:
848:
842:
824:
818:
803:
797:
302:
The presence of bruises may be seen in patients with
26:"Black-and-blue" redirects here. For other uses, see
1722:
1494:, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1916 et seq.; p. 311
1479:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis
1410:
939:
927:
915:
903:
891:
857:
854:
812:
809:
299:can have the adverse effect of causing ecchymosis.
310:disorders, or those who are being treated with an
1584:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK1494/
2801:
1136:(17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. 2008.
314:. Unexplained bruising may be a warning sign of
1886:
1196:Lotti, Torello (January 1994). "The Purpuras".
990:– contusions of both surfaces of the knee joint
625:Severe bruising resulting from yard work injury
782:
578:. For example, impacts to the head can cause
2188:
1872:
1681:
1275:
1086:
684:and sequential degradation of hemoglobin to
61:Bruise on upper leg caused by a blunt object
1687:
1063:Guide to Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
1055:
1053:
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
2195:
2181:
1879:
1865:
1443:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1396:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1339:
1337:
1335:
1133:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
1026: – a bruise underneath the
52:
1620:
1511:
1284:"Shiners-dark circles & swollen eyes"
264:(less than 3 millimetres in diameter) or
1643:
1093:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 64.
1050:
703:
620:
400:
389:
365:
239:
2449:
1646:"Medical Encyclopedia – Bruise healing"
1588:
1332:
1087:Kapoor, Rajat; Barnes, Katy I. (2013).
908:, 'to extravasate blood', from
2802:
1281:
1080:
338:. Connective tissue disorders such as
322:, or serious medical problems such as
244:A woman's bruising after a severe fall
2176:
1860:
1492:The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary
1238:
1195:
235:
1644:Voorhees, Benjamin W. (2007-08-31).
1347:(8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 86
1198:International Journal of Dermatology
1059:
629:Increased distress to tissue causes
1666:"WebMD article on bruise treatment"
1517:
712:over a nine-day period caused by a
232:accompanied by bruising elsewhere.
13:
1613:10.1213/01.ANE.0000180769.51576.CD
1357:
1210:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01483.x
1066:. B. Jain Publishers. p. 64.
370:Bruise caused by colliding with a
130:, causing localized bleeding that
14:
2836:
1705:
1163:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
1090:Crash Course Paediatrics – E-Book
361:
2549:platelet storage pool deficiency
2501:Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
996:– bruising created by excessive
838:
793:
1678:Kotera-Fayer "Die Strigilis" 93
1672:
1658:
1637:
1576:
1545:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1459:"Case Based Pediatrics Chapter"
1404:
1301:
166:disorders and diseases such as
28:Black and Blue (disambiguation)
2268:Activated protein C resistance
1413:Clinical Laboratory Hematology
1232:
1189:
1175:10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.12.023
1154:
1140:
1124:
1107:
211:, which causes damage through
180:. Additionally, although many
122:, the most common cause being
1:
1477:Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
1411:McKenzie, Shirlyn B. (2014).
1043:
655:narrowing of the blood vessel
143:action. Bruises which do not
2362:Trousseau sign of malignancy
1558:. F.A. Davis. Archived from
1119:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
699:
665:, which creates a temporary
616:
7:
2682:Nonthrombocytopenic purpura
2258:Antithrombin III deficiency
1282:Turley, Lois (2004-03-10).
951:
944:, 'juice'. Compare
940:
928:
916:
904:
892:
783:Etymology and pronunciation
462:
10:
2841:
2637:Congenital afibrinogenemia
2541:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
2019:Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
1601:Anesthesia & Analgesia
1505:"WebMD article on bruises"
1033:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
759:
410:subconjunctival hemorrhage
25:
18:
2753:Gastrointestinal bleeding
2692:
2649:
2570:
2555:Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
2514:
2456:
2442:
2370:
2332:
2324:Antiphospholipid syndrome
2305:Essential thrombocythemia
2245:
2238:
2215:
2139:
2062:
2029:
1970:
1922:
1899:
1819:
1726:
1527:Singapore Medical Journal
1253:10.1007/s10792-007-9089-y
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
877:), comes to English from
661:is exposed and initiates
534:Extremely serious bruise
412:after a punch to the face
77:
65:
60:
51:
43:
38:
2810:Dermatologic terminology
2723:Subconjunctival bleeding
2529:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
2492:Upshaw–Schulman syndrome
2466:Thrombocytopenic purpura
2295:Sticky platelet syndrome
1148:"Easy Bruising Symptoms"
641:. The damaged capillary
282:
2713:Intracranial hemorrhage
1366:Robbins basic pathology
1345:Robbins Basic Pathology
354:, bruises accompanying
158:. Such lesions include
21:Bruise (disambiguation)
2627:Factor XIII deficiency
2607:Hypoprothrombinemia/II
2602:von Willebrand disease
2560:Gray platelet syndrome
717:
626:
580:traumatic brain injury
413:
398:
387:
340:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
245:
198:basilar skull fracture
2622:Factor XII deficiency
2612:Factor VII deficiency
2430:Renal vein thrombosis
2126:Occupational injuries
1518:Lee, AC (June 2008).
1309:"UCSF Purpura Module"
707:
659:von Willebrand factor
624:
404:
393:
369:
243:
134:into the surrounding
47:Contusion, ecchymosis
2378:Deep vein thrombosis
2273:Protein S deficiency
2263:Protein C deficiency
2131:Traumatic amputation
1004:Myocardial contusion
676:from within escaped
572:compartment syndrome
213:physical compression
151:, muscle, or bone.
19:For other uses, see
2617:Factor X deficiency
2506:May–Hegglin anomaly
2283:Prothrombin G20210A
1481:; accessed 1/2/2012
1014:Pulmonary contusion
753:Gate control theory
472:
394:Bruise caused by a
347:for the condition.
196:"), arising from a
149:subcutaneous tissue
2743:Pulmonary hematoma
2650:Signs and symptoms
2425:Pulmonary embolism
2230:Bleeding diathesis
2094:Penetrating trauma
2014:Grey Turner's sign
2004:Subungual hematoma
1820:External resources
1697:, Merriam-Webster.
1006:– bruising of the
978:Cerebral contusion
718:
627:
471:Bruise harm score
470:
414:
399:
388:
246:
236:Signs and symptoms
110:, also known as a
72:Emergency medicine
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2645:
2644:
2632:Dysfibrinogenemia
2516:Platelet function
2438:
2437:
2317:Purpura fulminans
2170:
2169:
1854:
1853:
1718:Bruises in sports
1712:What is a bruise?
1490:Gould, George M.
1353:978-1-4160-2973-1
1100:978-0-7234-3793-2
1073:978-81-8056-526-7
1060:Jain, B. (2004).
988:Kissing contusion
601:or muscles to be
552:
551:
255:internal bleeding
184:schemas treat an
104:
103:
33:Medical condition
2832:
2458:Thrombocytopenia
2454:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2403:Lowenberg's sign
2253:Clotting factors
2243:
2242:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2162:Abdominal trauma
2070:Ballistic trauma
1957:Friction blister
1952:Fracture blister
1881:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1724:
1723:
1699:
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1685:
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1408:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1361:
1355:
1341:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1314:. Archived from
1313:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1286:. Archived from
1279:
1273:
1272:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1128:
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1111:
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1057:
943:
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844:
831:
830:
827:
826:
823:
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817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
545:Critical bruise
512:Moderate bruise
473:
469:
429:subcutaneous fat
253:and more severe
178:thrombocytopenia
56:
36:
35:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2789:
2738:Hemopericardium
2688:
2641:
2572:Clotting factor
2566:
2510:
2434:
2383:Bancroft's sign
2366:
2357:Virchow's triad
2328:
2278:Factor V Leiden
2234:
2211:
2201:
2171:
2166:
2135:
2058:
2025:
1966:
1962:Sucking blister
1942:Delayed blister
1918:
1895:
1885:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1815:
1814:
1735:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1689:Merriam-Webster
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:"betamethasone"
1551:
1550:
1546:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1409:
1405:
1389:
1388:
1376:
1362:
1358:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1291:
1280:
1276:
1237:
1233:
1194:
1190:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1058:
1051:
1046:
954:
841:
837:
796:
792:
785:
762:
702:
678:red blood cells
619:
537:Very dangerous
523:Serious bruise
465:
364:
345:genetic testing
285:
238:
169:cytomegalovirus
114:, is a type of
34:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2763:Hemoperitoneum
2760:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2475:Evans syndrome
2462:
2460:
2451:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Peabody's sign
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2300:Thrombocytosis
2297:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2249:
2247:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2105:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1779:
1760:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:Classification
1721:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1706:External links
1704:
1701:
1700:
1680:
1671:
1657:
1636:
1587:
1575:
1544:
1510:
1496:
1483:
1470:
1450:
1422:978-0133076011
1421:
1403:
1374:
1356:
1331:
1300:
1274:
1247:(6): 379–381.
1241:Int Ophthalmol
1231:
1188:
1153:
1139:
1123:
1106:
1099:
1079:
1072:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1021:
1016:– bruising of
1011:
1001:
991:
985:
980:– bruising of
975:
970:
965:
960:
953:
950:
784:
781:
761:
758:
744:(particularly
701:
698:
618:
615:
550:
549:
548:Risk of death
546:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
517:
516:
513:
510:
506:
505:
504:Little damage
502:
499:
495:
494:
491:
488:
484:
483:
480:
479:Severity level
477:
464:
461:
460:
459:
452:
449:
446:
435:
432:
425:
422:
396:sprained ankle
376:extreme sports
363:
362:Size and shape
360:
320:domestic abuse
289:Coagulopathies
284:
281:
237:
234:
102:
101:
79:
75:
74:
69:
63:
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2837:
2826:
2825:Medical signs
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:Hematosalpinx
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Louvel's sign
2396:
2394:
2393:Lisker's sign
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:Thrombophilia
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:Disorders of
2198:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Chemical burn
2113:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:/superficial/
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:Cullen's sign
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Battle's sign
1987:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Edema blister
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Blood blister
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1846:
1845:article/88153
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:(1): 313–18.
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1565:on 2017-09-08
1561:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1533:(6): 445–49.
1532:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1375:9780323353175
1371:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1321:on 2013-10-02
1317:
1310:
1304:
1290:on 2009-12-12
1289:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:(4): 461–65.
1168:
1164:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
949:
947:
942:
930:
918:
906:
905:ekchymousthai
894:
884:
880:
874:
835:
829:
790:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:Folk medicine
757:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
715:
711:
708:Healing of a
706:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
623:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
567:
563:
561:
557:
547:
544:
541:
540:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
519:
518:
514:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
497:
496:
492:
490:Light bruise
489:
486:
485:
481:
478:
475:
474:
468:
457:
453:
450:
447:
444:
440:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:
420:
419:
418:
411:
407:
403:
397:
392:
385:
384:rollerblading
381:
380:skateboarding
377:
374:, typical of
373:
368:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:meningoccocal
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:anticoagulant
309:
305:
300:
298:
297:betamethasone
294:
290:
280:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
242:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
202:neuroblastoma
199:
195:
192:ecchymosis ("
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
141:immune system
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
70:
68:
64:
59:
55:
50:
46:
42:
37:
29:
22:
2783:Hemarthrosis
2661:
2547:
2535:
2523:
2413:Pratt's sign
2225:coagulopathy
2157:Chest trauma
2103:Aerosol burn
2085:Blunt trauma
1994:Raccoon eyes
1971:
1937:Coma blister
1838:
1827:
1803:
1792:
1781:
1762:
1739:
1693:
1683:
1674:
1660:
1649:. Retrieved
1639:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1578:
1567:. Retrieved
1560:the original
1547:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1473:
1462:. Retrieved
1453:
1412:
1406:
1365:
1359:
1344:
1323:. Retrieved
1316:the original
1303:
1292:. Retrieved
1288:the original
1277:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1142:
1131:
1126:
1117:
1109:
1089:
1082:
1062:
958:Blunt trauma
945:
833:
788:
786:
769:Fire cupping
763:
750:
719:
714:wisdom tooth
682:phagocytosis
671:
653:that causes
639:asymptomatic
628:
592:
568:
564:
553:
515:Some damage
501:Mild bruise
466:
415:
349:
336:pancreatitis
301:
293:hemophilia A
286:
270:
259:
247:
217:deceleration
209:blunt trauma
206:
194:raccoon eyes
185:
167:
153:
136:interstitial
132:extravasates
111:
107:
105:
2536:aggregation
2418:Rose's sign
2388:Homans sign
2220:Coagulation
2152:Head injury
2147:Hand injury
1829:MedlinePlus
1204:(1): 1–10.
1114:"contusion"
920:(elided to
899:ἐκχυμοῦσθαι
881:, based on
742:painkillers
734:compression
694:hemosiderin
663:coagulation
643:endothelium
631:capillaries
560:Capillaries
439:Coagulation
417:inflicted.
316:child abuse
308:coagulation
225:coagulation
190:periorbital
182:terminology
126:damaged by
124:capillaries
94:compression
44:Other names
2815:Hematology
2804:Categories
2768:Hematocele
2733:Hemothorax
2708:Hemoptysis
2580:Hemophilia
2352:Thrombosis
2075:Stab wound
1984:Ecchymosis
1794:DiseasesDB
1651:2007-09-09
1569:2020-02-11
1464:2009-01-08
1325:2013-01-13
1294:2009-10-08
1044:References
893:ekchymōsis
834:ecchymoses
789:ecchymosis
716:extraction
686:biliverdin
674:hemoglobin
647:endothelin
584:concussion
556:contracted
526:Dangerous
493:No damage
476:Harm score
437:Diseases:
350:During an
277:arterioles
200:or from a
186:ecchymosis
2758:Hemobilia
2703:Epistaxis
2290:Platelets
2140:By region
2121:Frostbite
2112:Corrosion
1999:Black eye
1900:Abrasions
1840:eMedicine
1810:125667009
1805:SNOMED CT
1439:cite book
1431:878098857
1392:cite book
1384:960844656
1024:Ship foot
994:Love-bite
963:Black eye
887:ἐκχύμωσις
879:Neo-Latin
832:; plural
787:The word
738:elevation
710:black eye
700:Treatment
690:bilirubin
645:releases
617:Mechanism
607:ligaments
406:Black eye
356:abrasions
262:petechiae
251:fractures
229:allergies
221:platelets
112:contusion
98:elevation
78:Treatment
67:Specialty
2820:Injuries
2749:abdomen
2672:Petechia
2667:Hematoma
2657:Bleeding
2524:adhesion
2450:By cause
2443:Bleeding
2347:Thrombus
2246:By cause
2239:Clotting
2209:clotting
2205:bleeding
2080:Splinter
1980:Hematoma
1924:Blisters
1912:Avulsion
1907:Abrasion
1893:injuries
1887:General
1714:for kids
1631:16368849
1539:18581014
1261:17534581
1226:43261698
1183:25661311
952:See also
611:sprained
603:strained
463:Severity
456:redheads
443:platelet
378:such as
372:handrail
324:leukemia
304:platelet
291:such as
223:, other
164:platelet
160:petechia
116:hematoma
2718:Hyphema
2693:By site
2677:Purpura
2371:By site
1972:Bruises
1788:D003288
1622:1351323
1218:8112930
1028:toenail
998:suction
968:Blister
946:enchyma
896:, from
777:strigil
773:gua sha
760:History
651:hormone
599:tendons
352:autopsy
273:venules
266:purpura
174:purpura
172:); and
156:lesions
2779:joint
2729:torso
2662:Bruise
2585:A/VIII
2089:closed
2063:Other:
2049:Spider
2044:Insect
2039:Animal
2031:Biting
1889:wounds
1834:007213
1629:
1619:
1537:
1429:
1419:
1382:
1372:
1351:
1267:
1259:
1224:
1216:
1181:
1097:
1070:
1020:tissue
1010:muscle
984:tissue
941:chymos
932:) and
746:NSAIDs
736:, and
609:to be
595:broken
576:organs
482:Notes
145:blanch
128:trauma
120:tissue
108:bruise
96:, and
39:Bruise
2699:head
2334:Clots
2054:Snake
1799:31998
1758:T14.0
1563:(PDF)
1556:(PDF)
1523:(PDF)
1319:(PDF)
1312:(PDF)
1265:S2CID
1222:S2CID
1038:Welts
1008:heart
982:brain
935:χυμός
883:Greek
635:Nerve
332:navel
283:Cause
2595:C/XI
2590:B/IX
2207:and
2108:Burn
2098:open
1891:and
1783:MeSH
1768:9-CM
1627:PMID
1535:PMID
1445:link
1427:OCLC
1417:ISBN
1398:link
1380:OCLC
1370:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1269:5921
1257:PMID
1214:PMID
1179:PMID
1095:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1018:lung
973:Burn
726:rest
722:RICE
667:clot
649:, a
588:coma
408:and
382:and
215:and
86:rest
82:RICE
2487:TTP
2470:ITP
2312:DIC
1777:924
1773:920
1764:ICD
1754:S90
1750:S00
1741:ICD
1617:PMC
1609:doi
1605:102
1249:doi
1206:doi
1171:doi
1116:at
917:ek-
911:ἐκ-
740:),
730:ice
692:to
688:to
326:or
306:or
275:or
118:of
90:ice
2806::
2482:TM
2468::
1843::
1832::
1808::
1797::
1786::
1771::
1756:,
1748::
1745:10
1691:,
1625:.
1615:.
1603:.
1599:.
1531:49
1529:.
1525:.
1441:}}
1437:{{
1425:.
1394:}}
1390:{{
1378:.
1334:^
1263:.
1255:.
1245:27
1243:.
1220:.
1212:.
1202:33
1200:.
1177:.
1167:48
1165:.
1052:^
938:,
929:e-
926:,
923:ἐ-
914:,
902:,
890:,
867:iː
861:oʊ
836:,
816:oʊ
732:,
728:,
605:,
597:,
586:,
542:5
531:4
520:3
509:2
498:1
487:0
441:,
318:,
204:.
106:A
92:,
88:,
2196:e
2189:t
2182:v
2114:/
2110:/
2096:/
1982:/
1880:e
1873:t
1866:v
1775:-
1766:-
1752:-
1743:-
1733:D
1668:.
1654:.
1633:.
1611::
1572:.
1541:.
1507:.
1467:.
1447:)
1433:.
1400:)
1386:.
1328:.
1297:.
1271:.
1251::
1228:.
1208::
1185:.
1173::
1150:.
1103:.
1076:.
873:/
870:s
864:s
858:m
855:ˈ
852:ɪ
849:k
846:ɛ
843:ˌ
840:/
828:/
825:s
822:ɪ
819:s
813:m
810:ˈ
807:ɪ
804:k
801:ɛ
798:ˌ
795:/
791:(
724:(
431:.
386:.
100:)
84:(
30:.
23:.
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