Rapid transit - Knowledge

2265: 2148: 2307: 764: 2932: 111: 2422: 1332: 776: 1912: 1995: 2280: 1500: 4051: 1586: 1768: 1717: 2482: 787: 2941: 3140: 2109: 1137: 1376:, or circuits. Each line is serviced by at least one specific route with trains stopping at all or some of the line's stations. Most systems operate several routes, and distinguish them by colors, names, numbering, or a combination thereof. Some lines may share track with each other for a portion of their route or operate solely on their own right-of-way. Often a line running through the city center forks into two or more branches in the suburbs, allowing a higher service frequency in the center. This arrangement is used by many systems, such as the 1662: 1846: 3562: 8124: 4192: 716: 341: 1350: 3136:, stable soil starts more than 50 metres (160 ft) deep. Above that level, the soil mostly consists of water-bearing finely dispersed sand. Because of this, only three stations out of nearly 60 are built near ground level and three more above the ground. Some stations and tunnels lie as deep as 100–120 metres (330–390 ft) below the surface. Usually, the vertical distance between the ground level and the rail is used to represent the depth. Among the possible candidates are: 1362: 123: 2466: 2078: 3344: 3722: 3520: 1270: 3411: 2223:

station number on that line. Interchange stations can have multiple codes. Like City Hall station in Seoul which is served by Line 1 and Line 2. It has a code of 132 and 201 respectively. The Line 2 is a circle line and the first stop is City Hall, therefore, City Hall has the station code of 201. For lines without a number like Bundang line it will have an alphanumeric code. Lines without a number that are operated by KORAIL will start with the letter 'K'.

139: 1893: 3802: 54: 4220: 3996:, suburban service, or (sometimes) regional rail. The suburban systems may have their own purpose built trackage, run at similar "rapid transit-like" frequencies, and (in many countries) are operated by the national railway company. In some cities these suburban services run through tunnels in the city center and have direct transfers to the rapid transit system, on the same or adjoining platforms. 4206: 3623:, which opened in 1987. Here, a "passenger service agent" (formerly called "train captain") would ride with the passengers rather than sit at the front as a driver would, but would have the same responsibilities as a driver in a GoA 2 system. This technology could allow trains to operate completely automatically with no crew, just as most 2659:(opened 1971), their entirely enclosed nature due to their use of rubber-tyred technology to cope with heavy snowfall experienced by both cities in winter precludes any air-conditioning retrofits of rolling stock due to the risk of heating the tunnels to temperatures that would be too hot for passengers and for train operations. 3439: 2264: 3704:

Another obstacle to conversion of existing lines to fully automated operation is that the conversion may necessitate a shutdown of operations. Furthermore, where several lines share the same infrastructure, it may be necessary to share tracks between automated and human-operated trains at least for a

3116:

A disadvantage with this, is that the cost of tunneling is much higher than building cut-and-cover systems, at-grade or elevated. Early tunneling machines could not make tunnels large enough for conventional railway equipment, necessitating special low, round trains, such as are still used by most of

4179:

Urban land-use planning policies are essential for the success of rapid transit systems, particularly as mass transit is not feasible in low-density communities. Transportation planners estimate that to support rapid rail services, there must be a residential housing density of twelve dwelling units

3304:

are a cheaper and easier way to build an exclusive right-of-way without digging expensive tunnels or creating barriers. In addition to street level railways they may also be the only other feasible alternative due to considerations such as a high water table close to the city surface that raises the

3261:

An advantage of deep tunnels is that they can dip in a basin-like profile between stations, without incurring the significant extra costs associated with digging near ground level. This technique, also referred to as putting stations "on humps", allows gravity to assist the trains as they accelerate

2567:

with lengths from three to over ten cars. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations. Power

2199:

connections among the different stations. The graphic presentation may use straight lines and fixed angles, and often a fixed minimum distance between stations, to simplify the display of the transit network. Often this has the effect of compressing the distance between stations in the outer area of

2548:

are typically used only outside dense areas, since they create a physical barrier in the urban fabric that hinders the flow of people and vehicles across their path and have a larger physical footprint. This method of construction is the cheapest as long as land values are low. It is often used for

2222:

The Seoul Metro is another example that utilizes a code for its stations. Unlike that of Singapore's MRT, it is mostly numbers. Based on the line number, for example Sinyongsan station, is coded as station 429. Being on Line 4, the first number of the station code is 4. The last two numbers are the

1489:, which consist of shapes summarized as "I", "L", "U", "S", and "O" shapes or loops. Geographical barriers may cause chokepoints where transit lines must converge (for example, to cross a body of water), which are potential congestion sites but also offer an opportunity for transfers between lines. 1492:

Ring lines provide good coverage, connect between the radial lines and serve tangential trips that would otherwise need to cross the typically congested core of the network. A rough grid pattern can offer a wide variety of routes while still maintaining reasonable speed and frequency of service. A

3713:

from 2008. Nuremberg U-Bahn was the first system in the world to undertake such a transition with mixed operation and without service disruption. While this demonstrates that those technological hurdles can be overcome, the project was severely delayed, missing the target of being in operation in

3843:

design means that an underground rapid transit system is built in the city center, but only a light rail or tram system in the suburbs. Conversely, other cities have opted to build a full metro in the suburbs, but run trams in city streets to save the cost of expensive tunnels. In North America,

2763:

of the rubber tires. However, they have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro and limiting it on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, but not rubber-tired systems in other

3646:

and help direct them to the location where the emergency occurred. In some cities, the same reasons are used to justify a crew of two rather than one; one person drives from the front of the train, while the other operates the doors from a position farther back, and is more conveniently able to

3607:

In normal operation, a crew member sits in the driver's position at the front, but is only responsible for closing the doors at each station. By pressing two "start" buttons the train would then move automatically to the next station. This style of "semi-automatic train operation" (STO), known

3490:

have also focused on art, which may range from decorative wall claddings, to large, flamboyant artistic schemes integrated with station architecture, to displays of ancient artifacts recovered during station construction. It may be possible to profit by attracting more passengers by spending

2234:

globally, transit operators now use these technologies to present information to their users. In addition to online maps and timetables, some transit operators now offer real-time information which allows passengers to know when the next vehicle will arrive, and expected travel times. The

1167:

was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Prior to opening, the line was to be called the "City and South London Subway", thus introducing the term Subway into railway terminology. Both railways, alongside others, were eventually merged into

3836:; they remain on the same level as buses and cars. Some light rail systems have elevated or underground sections. Both new and upgraded tram systems allow faster speed and higher capacity, and are a cheap alternative to construction of rapid transit, especially in smaller cities. 2891:. Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the running rails as the return conductor. Some systems use a separate fourth rail for this purpose. There are transit lines that make use of both rail and overhead power, with vehicles able to switch between the two such as 2618:

wind cooling to riders. From the 1950s to the 1990s (and in most of Europe until the 2000s), many rapid transit trains from that era were also fitted with forced-air ventilation systems in carriage ceiling units for passenger comfort. Early rapid transit rolling stock fitted with

2527:

is a subclass of rapid transit that has the speed and grade separation of a "full metro" but is designed for smaller passenger numbers. It often has smaller loading gauges, lighter train cars and smaller consists of typically two to four cars. Light metros are typically used as

1499: 2650:

from the 1970s, were generally only made possible largely due to the relatively generous loading gauges of these systems and also adequate open-air sections to dissipate hot air from these air conditioning units. Especially in some rapid transit systems such as the

1257:. In the 21st century, most new expansions and systems are located in Asia, with China becoming the world's leader in metro expansion, operating some of the largest and busiest systems while possessing almost 60 cities that are operating, constructing or planning a 1214:, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems. In response to cost, engineering considerations and topological challenges some cities have opted to construct tram systems, particularly those in Australia, where density in cities was low and 2140:, often focused on easy recognition – to allow quick identification even in the vast array of signage found in large cities – combined with the desire to communicate speed, safety, and authority. In many cities, there is a single 1994: 1911: 2543:

Some systems have been built from scratch, others are reclaimed from former commuter rail or suburban tramway systems that have been upgraded, and often supplemented with an underground or elevated downtown section. Ground-level alignments with a dedicated

1323:, or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops. 1585: 3309:). Elevated guideways were popular around the beginning of the 20th century, but fell out of favor. They came back into fashion in the last quarter of the century – often in combination with driverless systems, for instance Vancouver's 250:. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to minimize gaps between train and platform. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same 288: – 40 in number, running on over 4,500 km (2,800 mi) of track – and was responsible for most of the world's rapid-transit expansion in the 2010s. The world's longest single-operator rapid transit system by 1767: 1020:

is referred to simply as "the subway", despite 40% of the system running above ground. The term "L" or "El" is not used for elevated lines in general as the lines in the system are already designated with letters and numbers. The "L" train or

4031:

system is an example of a hybrid of the two: in the suburbs the lines function like a commuter rail line, with longer intervals and longer distance between stations; in the downtown areas, the stations become closer together and many lines

2452:

connectivity. The first metro system in the world to enable full mobile phone reception in underground stations and tunnels was Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, which launched its first underground mobile phone network using

3852:

suburban trams, without the grade-separation of rapid transit. Premetros also allow a gradual upgrade of existing tramways to rapid transit, thus spreading the investment costs over time. They are most common in Germany with the name

1025:

refers specifically to the 14th Street–Canarsie Local line, and not other elevated trains. Similarly, the Toronto Subway is referred to as "the subway", with some of its system also running above ground. These are the only two

2239:

data format for transit information allows many third-party software developers to produce web and smartphone app programs which give passengers customized updates regarding specific transit lines and stations of interest.

3864:

is a heavy rail system that operates at a lower frequency than urban rapid transit, with higher average speeds, often only serving one station in each village and town. Commuter rail systems of some cities (such as German

2662:

In many cities, metro networks consist of lines operating different sizes and types of vehicles. Although these sub-networks may not often be connected by track, in cases when it is necessary, rolling stock with a smaller

3363:

to allow passengers to board and disembark from trains. They are also payment checkpoints and allow passengers to transfer between modes of transport, for instance to buses or other trains. Access is provided via either

3069:

were used. Cut-and-cover construction can take so long that it is often necessary to build a temporary roadbed while construction is going on underneath, in order to avoid closing main streets for long periods of time.

2147: 1480:

are determined by a large number of factors, including geographical barriers, existing or expected travel patterns, construction costs, politics, and historical constraints. A transit system is expected to serve an

2401:, which is ranked by Worldwide Rapid Transit Data as the "World's Safest Rapid Transit Network" in 2015, incorporates airport-style security checkpoints at every station. Rapid transit systems have been subject to 1661: 2182:

lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations. Maps may show only rapid transit or also include other modes of public transport. Transit maps can be found in transit vehicles, on

1716: 6559: 5612: 4171:

portfolios. Some systems, particularly Hong Kong's, extensions are partly financed by the sale of land whose value has appreciated by the new access the extension has brought to the area, a process known as

5295: 3025:

are excavated and a tunnel structure strong enough to support the road above is built in the trench, which is then filled in and the roadway rebuilt. This method often involves extensive relocation of

3885:

etc.) can be seen as the substitute for the city's rapid transit system providing frequent mass transit within city. In contrast, the mainly urban rapid transit systems in some cities (such as the

3654:

Completely unstaffed trains, or "unattended train operation" (UTO) or technically "GoA 4", are more accepted on newer systems where there are no existing crews to be displaced, and especially on

4082:; the rapid transit system allows higher capacity with less land use, less environmental impact, and a lower cost. A 2023 study found that rapid transit systems lead to a massive reduction in CO 809:

is the most commonly used term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. Rapid transit systems may be named after the medium by which passengers travel in busy

1399:

Alternatively, there may be a single central terminal (often shared with the central railway station), or multiple interchange stations between lines in the city center, for instance in the

1450:: the minimum headway can reach 90 seconds, but many systems typically use 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. Typical capacity lines allow 1,200 people per train, giving 36,000 3638:

situation, a crew member on board the train would have possibly been able to prevent the emergency in the first place, drive a partially failed train to the next station, assist with an

2215:

has the alphanumeric code CG2, indicating its position as the 2nd station on the Changi Airport branch of the East West Line. Interchange stations have at least two codes, for example,

4703: 2457:

in 1989. Many metro systems, such as the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) and the Berlin U-Bahn, provide mobile data connections in their tunnels for various network operators.

4791: 4089:

Elevated or underground systems in city centers allow the transport of people without occupying expensive land, and permit the city to develop compactly without physical barriers.

3121:

on most of its lines because the amount of empty space between the trains and tunnel walls is so small. Other lines were built with cut-and-cover and have since been equipped with

5236: 1845: 8160: 4673: 2995:

and leaving more land available for buildings and other uses. In areas of high land prices and dense land use, tunnels may be the only economic route for mass transportation.

6151: 5320: 4116:

or national governments. Capital investments are often partially or completely financed by taxation, rather than by passenger fares, but must often compete with funding for

1918: 1446: – more standing gives higher capacity. The minimum time interval between trains is shorter for rapid transit than for mainline railways owing to the use of 2268: 1442:. Heavy rapid transit trains might have six to twelve cars, while lighter systems may use four or fewer. Cars have a capacity of 100 to 150 passengers, varying with the 2207:

to each of their stations to help commuters identify them, which briefly encodes information about the line it is on, and its position on the line. For example, on the

1419:, the main business, financial, and cultural area. Some systems have a circular line around the city center connecting to radially arranged outward lines, such as the 4379: 6574: 3709:

to fully automated (GoA4) in early 2010 without a single day of service disruption. Before that it had run in mixed operation with the newly opened fully driverless

5608: 2394:

may be established. These security measures are normally integrated with measures to protect revenue by checking that passengers are not travelling without paying.

5291: 3487: 5803: 5095: 6570: 3376:

rides to the platforms mean that the stations can become bottlenecks if not adequately built. Some underground and elevated stations are integrated into vast

2856:". The practice of sending power through rails on the ground is mainly due to the limited overhead clearance of tunnels, which physically prevents the use of 5697: 2604: 1308:

network where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds. In some cases the differences between urban rapid transit and suburban systems are not clear.

4514: 4332: 2250:

for each station. Originally intended to help make the network map "readable" by illiterate people, this system has since become an "icon" of the system.

5826: 3748:

instead to detect obstacles on the track. Conversely, some lines which retain drivers or manual train operation nevertheless use PSDs, notably London's

2195:

stations where passengers can transfer between lines. Unlike conventional maps, transit maps are usually not geographically accurate, but emphasize the

8153: 885:

in German. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if a large part of the network, for example, in outer suburbs, runs at ground level.

2349:

in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system.

1183:, the United States, Argentina, and Canada, with some railways being converted from steam and others being designed to be electric from the outset. 4901: 2731:, Canada. On most of these networks, additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and a conventional track is often provided in case of 3546:" or "motorman"). The introduction of powered doors around 1920 permitted crew sizes to be reduced, and trains in many cities are now operated by 3049:. This relocation must be done carefully, as according to documentaries from the National Geographic Society, one of the causes of the April 1992 7848: 3399:

standards, it allows both disabled people and those with wheeled baggage easy access to the trains, though if the track is curved there can be a

4584: 4333:"Recommended basic reference for developing a minimum set of standards for voluntary use in the field of urban rail, according to mandate M/486" 4159:

achieving recovery ratios of well over 100%. This ignores both heavy capital costs incurred in building the system, which are often funded with

4101:

office and housing blocks being constructed. Also, an efficient transit system can decrease the economic welfare loss caused by the increase of

2667:

from one sub network may be transported along other lines that use larger trains. On some networks such operations are part of normal services.

4856: 3538:

In the early days of underground railways, at least two staff members were needed to operate each train: one or more attendants (also called "

1156:

in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with

8146: 5200:"Rapid Transit Trends Show Record Growth in 2016, with Huge Increases in China, Brazil – Institute for Transportation and Development Policy" 4635:"Rapid Transit Trends Show Record Growth in 2016, with Huge Increases in China, Brazil – Institute for Transportation and Development Policy" 6387: 4695: 4467: 6119: 3686: 3270: 1596: 6356: 4151:, a ratio of ticket income to operating costs, is often used to assess operational profitability, with some systems including Hong Kong's 4968: 4787: 6793: 5676: 5270: 4375: 4307: 3438:

floors and mosaics—thus exposing the public to art in their everyday life, outside galleries and museums. Moscow Metro's wall cladding

3430:

and other Eastern European countries, but to an increasing extent elsewhere, the stations were built with splendid decorations such as

1002: 5228: 5153: 254:. Some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. 4663: 5881: 5207: 4642: 3186: 1493:

study of the 15 world largest subway systems suggested a universal shape composed of a dense core with branches radiating from it.

698: 690: 5753: 5316: 4997: 5124: 1145: 2077: 2755:, France. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater 744: 5638: 5174: 4951: 2515:

with larger and longer trains can be classified as rapid transit systems. Such monorail systems recently started operating in

2306: 7770: 6728: 6709: 6686: 6665: 6644: 6623: 6601: 6548: 6527: 6481: 6411: 5894: 5462: 5077: 4771: 4728: 4524: 2524: 694: 5558: 7762: 4368: 3145: 3109:

largely avoids both problems. The confined space in the tunnel also limits the machinery that can be used, but specialized

763: 686: 4492: 3550:. Where the operator would not be able to see the whole side of the train to tell whether the doors can be safely closed, 2116:

uses large LCD information display to show the current location, upcoming stops, and advertisements in several languages (

5917: 2639: 2259: 31: 8545: 5419: 4732: 3909:

etc.) have lines that fan out to reach the outer suburbs. With some other urban or "near urban" rapid transit systems (

3588:(ATO). ATO could start a train, accelerate to the correct speed, and stop automatically in the correct position at the 3122: 2236: 1447: 17: 6094: 4926: 8679: 6697: 6506: 6437: 5858: 5811: 3619:

A variant of ATO, "driverless train operation" (DTO) or technically "GoA 3", is seen on some systems, as in London's

3293:. These kinds of exits have existed in many London Underground stations and stations in former Soviet Union nations. 1451: 97: 5091: 3779:

in Singapore, which opened in 2003, is the world's first fully automated underground urban heavy-rail line. The MTR

3014:

and is often carried out over a number of years. There are several different methods of building underground lines.

2191:. Maps help users understand the interconnections between different parts of the system; for example, they show the 79: 7975: 7894: 6940: 6055: 2911: 2643: 2219:

has two codes, NS26 and EW14, the 26th station on the North South Line and the 14th station on the East West Line.

1068: 1022: 682: 5967: 5942: 4577:"China's Metro Boom Continues to Drive Rapid Transit Growth – Institute for Transportation and Development Policy" 2355:, usually over 1 meter / 3 feet, are a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back. 2155:

uses large LCD information displays to show the current location, upcoming stops and diagrams of the next station.

4020: 3659: 3647:

assist passengers in the rear cars. An example of the presence of a driver purely due to union opposition is the

1180: 296:. The world's largest single rapid transit service provider by number of stations (472 stations in total) is the 6195: 4339: 8591: 8454: 8449: 8434: 6786: 4551: 4530: 4129: 3531: 2815: 2635: 2631: 1978: 1164: 534: 374: 64: 35: 3718:

and the hoped for international orders for the system of automation employed in Nuremberg never materialized.

2867:

to be used. Overhead wires are more likely to be used on metro systems without many tunnels, for example, the

110: 7579: 6947: 5835: 5031: 4668: 3829: 3348: 3263: 3050: 2931: 2545: 2421: 2406: 2125: 1793: 1692: 952: 627: 218: 2440:

Some rapid transport trains have extra features such as wall sockets, cellular reception, typically using a

1335: 1206:

Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services. Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as

8444: 8003: 7965: 6897: 6810: 4124:. The owners of the systems often also own the connecting bus or rail systems, or are members of the local 4098: 3961: 2999:

tunnels are constructed by digging up city streets, which are then rebuilt over the tunnel. Alternatively,

2603:, which has acquired the informal term "tube train" due to the cylindrical shape of the trains used on the 2540:

serves many relatively sparse neighbourhoods and feeds into and complements the high capacity metro lines.

2454: 1612: 1297:. The extent of the rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies. 833: 8684: 8601: 8049: 7141: 7039: 6016:

Boorse, Jack W. (1999). "Dual-Mode Traction Power Distribution for Light Rail Transit: A Design Option".

5587: 4156: 3250: 1258: 889: 482: 477: 5386: 4097:, but proximity to a rapid transit station often triggers commercial and residential growth, with large 3740:

in order to improve safety and ensure passenger confidence, but this is not universal, as networks like

3407:

to increase safety by preventing people falling onto the tracks, as well as reducing ventilation costs.

3085:, thus avoiding almost any disturbance to existing streets, buildings, and utilities. But problems with 1339: 8596: 8525: 8520: 8495: 8013: 7904: 7827: 7812: 6935: 6090: 5455:

Human transit : how clearer thinking about public transit can enrich our communities and our lives

3981: 3878: 3547: 3222: 2647: 2445: 2425: 2387: 2212: 2188: 1573: 1173: 758: 737: 529: 289: 42: 6239: 4877: 4463: 2485: 2144:

for the entire transit authority, but the rapid transit uses its own logo that fits into the profile.

1892: 775: 8627: 7945: 7935: 7781: 7672: 6779: 6761: 6695: 4613: 4576: 4263: 4121: 4016: 3679: 3592:

at the next station, while taking into account the information that a human driver would obtain from

3585: 3555: 3470:

are widely regarded as some of the most beautiful in the world. Several other cities such as London,

3078: 2599:

that restrict the size and sometimes the shape of the train compartments. One example is most of the

2216: 1970: 968: 810: 642: 637: 632: 494: 351: 5774:

Sato, Yoshihiko; Matsumoto, Akira & Knothe, Klaus (2002). "Review on rail corrugation studies".

2333:

are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce the occurrence and severity of

1331: 8421: 7970: 4848: 3932:

Some cities have opted for two tiers of urban railways: an urban rapid transit system (such as the

3690: 3682: 3612:(GoA) 2", has become widespread, especially on newly built lines like the San Francisco Bay Area's 2744: 2656: 1880: 1860: 1443: 1131: 1073: 657: 593: 389: 4410: 8381: 8170: 8074: 8034: 7980: 6380: 4459: 4167:

is excluded from calculations of profitability, as well as ancillary revenue such as income from

4055: 3874: 3813: 3737: 3620: 3581: 3523: 3392: 3314: 3243: 2564: 2352: 1962: 1432: 1222:. Since the 1970s, the viability of underground train systems in Australian cities, particularly 662: 622: 544: 274: 75: 6126: 3384:

networks respectively, that connect to nearby commercial buildings. In suburbs, there may be a "

2279: 8674: 8606: 7732: 7712: 7456: 7451: 7203: 6349: 4253: 4148: 3914: 3780: 3749: 3613: 3459: 3215: 3203: 3167: 3150: 3129: 2953: 2841: 2803: 2795: 2760: 2516: 2378:, as well as sexual assaults on tightly packed trains and platforms. Security measures include 2084: 1934: 1876: 1700: 1616: 1513: 1304:

with trains making frequent station stops. The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate

1010: 1006: 948: 652: 549: 418: 356: 229: 4974: 3764: 3576:

A replacement system for human drivers became available in the 1960s, with the advancement of

3372:. Underground stations, especially deep-level ones, increase the overall transport time: long 1438:

The capacity of a line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the

794: 8490: 8429: 8089: 8069: 7884: 7717: 7377: 7059: 6865: 5014: 4233: 4125: 3733: 3710: 3706: 3404: 3110: 3000: 2974: 2529: 2504:

used for public, mass rapid transit has undergone significant changes in the years since the

2474: 2356: 2311: 1696: 1471: 1235: 730: 667: 301: 285: 270: 6632: 6315:

Prud'homme, Rémy (2012). "Public transport congestion costs: The case of the Paris subway".

5668: 5266: 4299: 3772: 3768: 2848:, suspended from poles or towers along the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings, or a 8586: 8570: 8565: 8064: 8029: 7757: 7727: 7682: 7493: 7372: 7086: 7049: 6870: 6256: 4995:

KMRT History – Kaohsiung City Mass Rapid Transit Bureau official site (Traditional Chinese)

4050: 4007:, suburban and rapid transit systems even run on the exact same track along some sections. 3639: 3278: 2957: 2821: 2628: 2505: 2433: 2346: 2037: 1899: 1517: 1393: 1153: 1141: 1017: 897: 672: 297: 258: 127: 5149: 2802:. While monorails have never gained wide acceptance outside Japan, there are some such as 2481: 1411:

are densely built systems with a matrix of crisscrossing lines throughout the cities. The

786: 8: 8560: 8555: 8475: 8439: 8220: 8104: 8084: 7899: 7594: 7473: 7266: 7261: 6957: 6907: 6855: 3989: 3926: 3922: 3776: 3715: 3609: 3527: 3139: 2940: 2549:

new systems in areas that are planned to fill up with buildings after the line is built.

2283: 2272: 2192: 2108: 2092: 1644: 1577: 1286: 1077: 909: 647: 445: 401: 6260: 5900: 5199: 4634: 4074:

is normally required. Rapid transit is sometimes seen as an alternative to an extensive

3285:) situated over 100 metres (330 ft) below ground level, to serve passengers on the 2871:. Overhead wires are employed on some systems that are predominantly underground, as in 1136: 8689: 8515: 8397: 8138: 7858: 7659: 7286: 7091: 7074: 6997: 6288: 6033: 5749: 5504: 5479: 5292:"Today in Transportation History – 1982: The Northernmost Public Transportation System" 4994: 4431: 4102: 4045: 4000: 3941: 3833: 3809: 3796: 3694: 3643: 3326: 3310: 3162: 2992: 2888: 2799: 2708: 2624: 2600: 2379: 2334: 1950: 1864: 1708: 1537: 1404: 1169: 998: 605: 266: 237: 115: 71: 5789: 5116: 2520: 1833: 1343: 1300:

Some systems may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of

8340: 7817: 7483: 7418: 7384: 7009: 6952: 6835: 6724: 6705: 6682: 6661: 6640: 6619: 6597: 6544: 6523: 6502: 6477: 6292: 6280: 6272: 6037: 5890: 5509: 5458: 5415: 5073: 4767: 4520: 4435: 4238: 4120:. The transit systems may be operated by the owner or by a private company through a 4113: 4004: 3973: 3805: 3784: 3569: 3543: 3274: 3262:

from one station and brake at the next. It was used as early as 1890 on parts of the

3082: 2772: 2724: 2330: 2291: 2243: 2204: 2117: 2021: 1561: 1412: 1290: 1157: 972: 940: 251: 6268: 3771:

was subsequently converted to unattended operation by 2012, and it is expected that

8622: 8530: 8392: 8387: 8356: 8335: 8300: 8240: 8128: 8044: 8008: 7998: 7955: 7950: 7930: 7925: 7807: 7752: 7722: 7213: 7173: 7111: 6992: 6977: 6972: 6892: 6850: 6802: 6324: 6264: 6025: 5785: 5634: 5499: 5491: 4423: 4197: 4071: 4028: 4024: 3985: 3918: 3870: 3745: 3741: 3698: 3589: 3542:" or "guard") to operate the doors or gates, as well as a driver (also called the " 3539: 3415: 3377: 3322: 3301: 3198: 3118: 2892: 2829: 2768: 2620: 2429: 2184: 2175: 2121: 1938: 1751: 1416: 1377: 1230:, has been reconsidered and proposed as a solution to over-capacity. Melbourne had 944: 790: 720: 571: 472: 455: 262: 206: 190: 170: 162: 6415: 6328: 3631:

began to decrease, this became a financially attractive option for the operators.

224:

Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between

8653: 8376: 7843: 7677: 7513: 7334: 7218: 7188: 7131: 7019: 7004: 6765: 6676: 6655: 6634: 6538: 6517: 6471: 6345: 5829:[Was it hot in the old subway? Surprising history of vehicle "cooling"]. 5562: 5001: 4303: 4152: 3471: 3395:

allows step-free access between platform and train. If the station complies with

3365: 3318: 3239: 3210: 2872: 2736: 2164: 2141: 2129: 2009: 2001: 1986: 1926: 1821: 1805: 1755: 1735: 1704: 1672: 1640: 1636: 1592: 1557: 1505: 1459: 1424: 1103: 768: 524: 519: 504: 5635:"Sexual Harassment on the New York Subway Has Increased More Than 50% This Year" 4902:"Tarif Belum Diketok, Warga Masih Bisa Nikmati MRT Cuma-cuma Sampai Akhir Maret" 4696:"New Starts: Shanghai Metro World's Longest, Panama Canal Drama, Japan's Maglev" 4427: 8535: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8315: 8059: 7960: 7940: 7776: 7697: 7488: 7413: 7342: 7136: 6927: 6513: 6120:"10 Ways to Enhance Your Community: Unleash the Power of Public Transportation" 6098: 5776: 4488: 4164: 4075: 3890: 3849: 3671: 3648: 3593: 3561: 3475: 3463: 3289:. They have several entrances/exits equipped with high-speed lifts, instead of 3254: 3234: 3046: 3038: 3030: 2903: 2876: 2868: 2857: 2833: 2728: 2682: 2652: 2573: 2489: 2398: 2391: 2383: 2152: 2049: 2045: 2013: 1974: 1946: 1922: 1903: 1856: 1837: 1781: 1759: 1747: 1743: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1428: 1389: 1365: 1034: 971:

which runs mostly on an elevated track, while the term "subway" applies to the

956: 921: 539: 413: 332: 293: 6633:

Needle, Jerome A.; Transportation Security Board & Cobb, Renée M. (1997).

5921: 5810:. No. 27. Electric Railroaders Assn., N.Y., N.Y. Aug 1959. Archived from 5412:

Land-use/Transport Planning in Hong Kong: A Review of Principles and Practices

3933: 3763:

has human drivers on most lines but runs automated trains on its newest line,

3760: 2720: 1966: 1408: 798: 8668: 8480: 8366: 8320: 8295: 8280: 8250: 8109: 8054: 7649: 7634: 7614: 7609: 7352: 7238: 7121: 7081: 6962: 6828: 6536: 6276: 4973:(in Chinese). Department of Rapid Transit Systems. 2008-07-01. Archived from 4258: 4211: 4173: 4033: 3977: 3965: 3937: 3910: 3861: 3601: 3597: 3500: 3396: 3385: 3369: 3360: 3338: 3094: 3018: 2996: 2965: 2961: 2915: 2845: 2837: 2701: 2697: 2685: 2676: 2664: 2615: 2588: 2558: 2375: 2371: 2315: 2208: 2065: 2061: 2033: 2005: 1930: 1817: 1797: 1723: 1668: 1648: 1620: 1608: 1525: 1349: 1305: 1254: 1200: 1090: 1027: 980: 932: 514: 509: 487: 436: 396: 384: 340: 233: 225: 131: 5773: 5410:

Runnacles, Timothy V. (2020). Dimitriou, Harry T.; Cook, Alison H.S (eds.).

4724: 1361: 122: 8470: 8330: 8123: 8094: 8079: 7879: 7863: 7853: 7822: 7802: 7786: 7747: 7707: 7702: 7687: 7644: 7367: 7146: 7054: 6967: 6882: 6845: 6611: 6284: 5513: 5495: 4930: 4835: 4225: 4191: 4133: 4067: 4063: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3902: 3898: 3726: 3600:. The first metro line to use this technology in its entirety was London's 3565: 3492: 3483: 3479: 3455: 3427: 3400: 3352: 3227: 3086: 3074: 2884: 2825: 2776: 2752: 2581: 2537: 2465: 2441: 2436:

station, are commonly used to provide cellular reception in metro stations.

2295: 2287: 2179: 2088: 2057: 2053: 2029: 1982: 1958: 1954: 1825: 1809: 1777: 1676: 1652: 1628: 1624: 1604: 1569: 1509: 1420: 1400: 1239: 1219: 964: 780: 715: 677: 467: 313: 305: 6567:

Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-Makers in Developing Cities

4132:

between modes. Almost all transit systems operate at a deficit, requiring

3343: 3266:

and has been used many times since, for example in Montreal or Nuremberg.

8648: 8540: 8485: 8402: 8285: 8099: 7737: 7599: 7569: 7559: 7347: 7314: 7294: 7151: 6912: 6350:"Announcement of Unaudited Results for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2008" 4248: 4168: 4137: 3953: 3886: 3752:. The first network to install PSDs on an already operational system was 3721: 3675: 3667: 3655: 3496: 3410: 3282: 3102: 3042: 2907: 2853: 2611: 2577: 2470: 2367: 2160: 2113: 2096: 2069: 2041: 2025: 1942: 1868: 1852: 1813: 1789: 1785: 1773: 1731: 1727: 1600: 1565: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1381: 1354: 1269: 1063: 1054: 408: 309: 130:

is the world's largest single-operator rapid transit system by number of

6051: 4062:

As of March 2018, 212 cities have built rapid transit systems. The

3670:

in France. Additional VAL lines have been built in other cities such as

8039: 7909: 7629: 7624: 7544: 7446: 7324: 7304: 7256: 7223: 7193: 7158: 7101: 7029: 7024: 6987: 6917: 6902: 6877: 6860: 6823: 5946: 4243: 4109: 4094: 4008: 3906: 3845: 3825: 3628: 3519: 3467: 3447: 3290: 3286: 3182:, Ukraine (105.5 metres (346 ft), opened 1960, built under a hill) 3179: 2849: 2740: 2592: 2569: 2533: 2501: 2338: 2231: 2200:

the system, and expanding distances between those close to the center.

1872: 1829: 1801: 1553: 1385: 1312: 1274: 1207: 997:

il), while its rapid transit system that serves the city is called the

583: 578: 450: 423: 166: 41:"Metropolitan train" redirects here. For the German train service, see 6438:"Ten Principles for Reinventing America's Suburban Business Districts" 3053:

was a mislocated water pipeline. The structures are typically made of

118:

is the world's first and oldest rapid transit system, opening in 1863.

8416: 8310: 8230: 7742: 7692: 7639: 7554: 7508: 7478: 7468: 7408: 7362: 7319: 7309: 7228: 7198: 7183: 7126: 6982: 6840: 6191: 5559:"A Comparison of Risk: Accidental Deaths – United States – 1999–2003" 4160: 4058:

in London allows for dense land use, while retaining a high capacity.

3969: 3854: 3635: 3373: 3257:

station in Portland, Oregon, US (built under a hill), 260 feet (80 m)

3174: 3133: 3066: 3034: 3026: 2784: 2732: 2402: 2247: 2168: 1739: 1455: 1294: 1231: 1227: 1115: 1099: 1049: 379: 257:

The world's first rapid transit system was the partially underground

138: 7163: 6029: 3801: 3277:

serving western Hong Kong Island, opened in 2015, has two stations (

2806:'s monorail lines which are widely used in a rapid transit setting. 2700:, they are often fixed directly to the floor rather than resting on 2329:, with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. 1203:

all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services.

82:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 8371: 8325: 8265: 8255: 8245: 8225: 8215: 8199: 7574: 7564: 7549: 7539: 7518: 7498: 7463: 7441: 7403: 7394: 7357: 7271: 7044: 7014: 6771: 4761: 4090: 4079: 3894: 3840: 3732:

Systems that use automatic trains also commonly employ full-height

3624: 3577: 3504: 3451: 3054: 2791: 2780: 2716: 2712: 2512: 2363: 2227: 2196: 1884: 1477: 1311:

Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as

1293:

to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high

1211: 1184: 1119: 1085: 917: 704: 247: 6152:"Métro parisien: l'automatisation de la ligne 4 prendra du retard" 3812:

trains (left) and main line rail services (right), as well as the

8632: 8550: 8270: 8235: 7889: 7766: 7604: 7534: 7436: 7276: 7248: 7178: 7168: 7064: 4852: 4141: 3993: 3882: 3435: 3090: 3011: 3004: 2864: 2171: 1439: 1192: 1188: 1042: 976: 850: 202: 6702:

Access to Mass Transit for Blind and Visually Impaired Travelers

6469: 5879: 5556: 4112:. Most systems are publicly owned, by either local governments, 2325:

record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict

8412: 8361: 8290: 8194: 8189: 7589: 7584: 7503: 7208: 7034: 6887: 5019:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 293. 4411:"Mass rapid transit systems for cities in the developing world" 3866: 3705:

transitory period. The Nuremberg U-Bahn converted the existing

3551: 3508: 3431: 3419: 3381: 3098: 3029:

commonly buried not far below street level – particularly

3022: 2991:

move traffic away from street level, avoiding delays caused by

2988: 2979: 2896: 2748: 2596: 2493: 2362:

Rapid transit facilities are public spaces and may suffer from

2326: 2322: 2321:

Compared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good

2299: 1301: 1246: 1223: 1215: 1196: 1038: 814: 600: 242: 174: 5609:"Why we need to talk about sexual assault on public transport" 5583: 3003:

can be used to dig deep-bore tunnels that lie further down in

2739:. There are also some rubber-tired systems that use a central 8260: 7299: 4408:

Fouracre, Phil; Dunkerley, Christian; Gardner, Geoff (2003).

3634:

At the same time, countervailing arguments stated that in an

3443: 3306: 3062: 3058: 2820:

Although trains on very early rapid transit systems like the

2756: 2449: 2137: 1632: 985: 499: 462: 281: 221:, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles. 5943:"Bangkok Mass Transit System Company Limited – BTS SkyTrain" 5092:"Site Name: Liverpool Overhead Railway & Dingle Station" 1458:

with ranges of 75,000 to 85,000 people per hour achieved by

908:

are used for the London Underground. The North East England

8305: 8184: 7664: 7619: 7233: 7096: 4287: 4117: 4036:

with intervals dropping to typical rapid transit headways.

4012: 3821: 3230:(~80 metres (260 ft), opened 2005, built under a hill) 3106: 2693: 2689: 2342: 1320: 1282: 1250: 566: 214: 6757: 6700:; Peck, Alec; Wiener, William & Stern, Arlene (1990). 5478:

Roth, C; Kang, SM; Batty, M; Barthelemy, M (16 May 2012).

4605: 4205: 1245:

Since the 1960s, many new systems have been introduced in

983:

system that serves the entire metropolitan area is called

6818: 6678:

Public Transport: Its Planning, Management, and Operation

6076: 5437:

Public Transport: Its Planning, Management, and Operation

3753: 3666:

or "automated light vehicle"), first used in 1983 on the

3010:

The construction of an underground metro is an expensive

2880: 2410: 2017: 1316: 210: 30:"Mass rapid transit" redirects here. For other uses, see 8168: 6745: 6721:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

6557: 6436:

Booth, Geoffrey; Leonard, Bruce; Pawlukiewicz, Michael.

6305:

European Conference of Ministers of Transport, 2003: 187

4764:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

4407: 931:

Various terms are used for rapid transit systems around

6237:

Dasgupta, Susmita; Lall, Somik; Wheeler, David (2023).

5477: 3790: 3534:

are fully automated and are not operated by any driver.

3097:. The first city to extensively use deep tunneling was 2727:, and the first completely new system to use it was in 1176:

was designed to use electric traction from the outset.

6537:

European Conference of Ministers of Transport (2003).

6089: 3701:

in Kuala Lumpur, both of which carry no crew members.

3678:, Italy. Another system that uses unstaffed trains is 3305:

cost of, or even precludes underground railways (e.g.

3081:

from which tunnels are horizontally dug, often with a

2771:

technologies in their metros. One of the lines of the

2532:

into the main rapid transit system. For instance, the

2473:, the interlocking tunnel lining segments placed by a 2271:

personnel participating in a firefighting exercise on

5229:"In response to growth, Chinese cities choose metros" 3824:

have incorporated several features of rapid transit:

2863:

The use of overhead wires allows higher power supply

1048:. The meaning varies from one country to another. In 6435: 6381:"Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation '08 Annual Report" 5859:"Métro et autobus: chaud débat sur la climatisation" 5814:

on 2023-03-18 – via Hoboken Historical Museum.

4512: 4187: 3960:) and a suburban system (such as their counterparts 3725:

Platform screen doors at Castle Hill Station on the

2688:. Since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to 1357:

are color-coded to indicate different service lines.

6571:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit

6308: 6236: 5204:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4639:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4581:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

3992:respectively). Such systems are known variously as 3128:The deepest metro system in the world was built in 2852:

mounted at track level and contacted by a sliding "

2359:are used on some systems to eliminate this danger. 2136:Rapid transit operators have often built up strong 1041:, rapid transit systems are primarily known by the 6238: 5834: 5734: 5732: 4409: 3170:, China (116 metres (381 ft), opened in 2022) 1454:. However, much higher capacities are attained in 1372:Each rapid transit system consists of one or more 173:rapid transit line below ground surface through a 6718: 6244:emissions: A global analysis with satellite data" 6095:"Konståkning i världens längsta konstutställning" 5561:. US Department of Transportation. Archived from 5175:"Australia's first metro system opened in Sydney" 3218:, China (76 metres (249 ft), opened in 2017) 3206:, China (94 metres (308 ft), opened in 2016) 924:underground rapid transit system is known as the 8666: 6470:Banister, David & Berechman, Joseph (2000). 6386:. Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation. p. 96. 5150:"Light Rail – the Solution to Inner-City Chaos?" 2413:" terrorist bombings on the London Underground. 6653: 6344: 6015: 5889:. Société de transport de Montréal. p. 6. 5861:(in French). Ruefrontenac.com. January 27, 2009 5729: 4039: 2844:, is usually supplied via one of two forms: an 2790:For elevated lines, another alternative is the 1234:developed in the 1970s and opened in 1980. The 6768:) – database of metro systems around the world 6591: 6314: 6149: 5747: 4363: 4361: 4359: 3558:monitors are often provided for that purpose. 3113:are now available to overcome this challenge. 3089:are more likely, and tunneling through native 2614:and openable windows to provide fresh air and 1368:is the northernmost metro system in the world. 8154: 6787: 6719:Joseph P. Pickert; et al., eds. (2000). 6610: 6473:Transport Investment and Economic Development 6150:Chicheportiche, Olivier (November 15, 2021). 5970:. City and County of Honolulu. 9 January 2024 5722: 5720: 5480:"A long-time limit for world subway networks" 5147: 5032:"MRT line a game-changer | New Straits Times" 4766:(Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 3658:lines. One of the first such systems was the 2595:; others are built to a smaller one and have 2345:is more of a danger underground, such as the 1281:Rapid transit is used for local transport in 1160:failed in their extended adoption by cities. 840: 738: 6674: 6340: 6338: 4822: 4820: 4762:Executive ed.: Joseph P. Pickert... (2000). 4481: 4454: 4452: 4292: 3783:is also automated, along with trains on the 3687:Urban Transportation Development Corporation 3627:do. When the initially increasing costs for 2681:Most rapid transit systems use conventional 2576:. The whole London Underground network uses 879: 827: 304:by annual ridership are the Shanghai Metro, 5534: 5532: 5387:"MTR > A Service of World-class Quality" 5317:"8 charming pictures from Helsinki's metro" 5055: 5053: 5051: 4729:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 4422:(3). Taylor & Francis Online: 299–310. 4356: 4326: 4324: 3514: 2314:installed in an underground station of the 8161: 8147: 6794: 6780: 6723:(4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 6412:":: Center for Urban Studies and Research" 5717: 5143: 5141: 5012: 4810: 4808: 4376:American Public Transportation Association 3117:the London Underground. It cannot install 2832:, nowadays virtually all metro trains use 2174:used to show the routes and stations in a 745: 731: 302:busiest rapid transit systems in the world 6335: 6166: 5880:Société de transport de Montréal (2002). 5503: 5448: 5446: 5409: 5072:. London: Shire Publications Ltd. p. 13. 4829: 4817: 4449: 2767:Some cities with steep hills incorporate 98:Learn how and when to remove this message 6214: 6212: 5824: 5529: 5048: 4878:"Transportation Basics: How to Use BART" 4664:"Shanghai now the world's longest metro" 4321: 4049: 3800: 3720: 3560: 3518: 3409: 3391:To allow easy access to the trains, the 3342: 3194:, 102 metres (335 ft), opened 2011) 3138: 2719:, was pioneered on certain lines of the 2610:Historically, rapid transit trains used 2480: 2464: 2420: 2305: 2278: 2263: 2187:, elsewhere in stations, and in printed 2146: 2107: 2103: 1360: 1348: 1330: 1268: 1140:Initial construction stages of London's 1135: 785: 774: 762: 269:. In 1868, New York opened the elevated 193:, in which case some are referred to as 189:. They are sometimes grade-separated on 137: 121: 109: 6512: 5541: 5138: 4805: 4506: 2840:. Power for the trains, referred to as 2405:with many casualties, such as the 1995 1722:Two crossing paths (air bladder), e.g. 1179:The technology quickly spread to other 14: 8667: 6044: 5669:"El auto de procesamiento por el 11-M" 5557:Office of Hazardous Materials Safety. 5484:Journal of the Royal Society Interface 5452: 5443: 5089: 5029: 4706:from the original on 25 September 2014 3925:, etc.) serving bi- and multi-nucleus 2253: 975:which is almost entirely underground. 273:, initially a cable-hauled line using 8142: 6775: 6704:. American Foundation for the Blind. 6362:from the original on 9 September 2008 6209: 5918:"Docklands Light Railway – About DLR" 5883:The Montreal Métro, a source of pride 5434: 4693: 4552:"Luoyang and Ji'nan open metro lines" 4403: 4401: 4399: 3057:, perhaps with structural columns of 2906:but some systems in India, including 2587:Some urban rail lines are built to a 1465: 1152:The opening of London's steam-hauled 912:, mostly overground, is known as the 6801: 6596:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Baneforlaget. 5586:. UK Health & Safety Executive. 5471: 5267:"Helsinki Metro – Discover Helsinki" 4929:. Metro Rail Transit. Archived from 4694:Smith, Stephen J. (6 January 2014). 4330: 3791:Modal tradeoffs and interconnections 3691:Intermediate Capacity Transit System 3296: 2374:and baggage theft, and more serious 1415:has most of its lines converging on 1005:is known locally as "The T". In the 943:. Rapid transit systems such as the 271:West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway 47: 6558:Fjellstrom, K.; Wright, L. (2002). 5615:from the original on 6 January 2018 3642:if needed, or call for the correct 3077:. Here, construction starts with a 3073:Another tunneling method is called 2640:Nagoya Municipal Subway 3000 series 2508:opened publicly in London in 1863. 2488:in Hamburg is an example where the 2260:Classification of railway accidents 1030:systems that are called "subways". 32:Mass rapid transit (disambiguation) 24: 8546:Naples underground geothermal zone 7966:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 5825:Tsuchiya, Takeyuki (7 July 2022). 4725:"Facts – Subway and Bus Ridership" 4396: 3767:, which opened in 1998. The older 3491:relatively small amounts on grand 3401:gap between the train and platform 3242:, North Korea (which doubles as a 2638:cars from the late-1960s, and the 2390:. In some countries a specialized 1448:communications-based train control 286:rapid transit systems in the world 25: 8701: 6739: 6698:American Foundation for the Blind 6639:. Transportation Security Board. 6218:Banister and Berechman, 2000: 258 4752:Fjellstrom&Wright, 2002: p. 2 4369:"Glossary of Transit Terminology" 4093:often depress nearby residential 3828:systems (trams) run on their own 3756:, followed by the Singapore MRT. 3693:(ICTS). It was later used on the 2704:, such as normal railway tracks. 2460: 2416: 2397:Some subway systems, such as the 1452:passengers per hour per direction 1098:name. Outside of Southeast Asia, 8122: 7976:Transportation demand management 6540:Safe & Sustainable Transport 6249:Science of the Total Environment 4676:from the original on 15 May 2010 4218: 4204: 4190: 4108:Rapid transit systems have high 2972:: Constructing a subway station 2939: 2930: 2644:Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series 2428:, such as this one installed by 2292:the Red Line (Tamsui-Xinyi Line) 2178:system. The main components are 2076: 1993: 1910: 1891: 1844: 1766: 1715: 1660: 1584: 1498: 1023:L (New York City Subway service) 967:, the term "El" is used for the 714: 339: 52: 6429: 6404: 6393:from the original on 2011-12-25 6373: 6299: 6269:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163691 6230: 6221: 6198:from the original on 2010-09-23 6184: 6175: 6143: 6112: 6083: 6069: 6058:from the original on 2006-12-02 6009: 6000: 5991: 5982: 5960: 5935: 5910: 5873: 5851: 5818: 5804:"Hudson and Manhattan Railroad" 5796: 5767: 5756:from the original on 2008-09-26 5741: 5708: 5690: 5679:from the original on 2008-12-20 5661: 5652: 5641:from the original on 2018-01-06 5627: 5601: 5590:from the original on 2014-01-27 5576: 5550: 5520: 5428: 5403: 5379: 5370: 5361: 5352: 5343: 5334: 5323:from the original on 2020-07-04 5309: 5298:from the original on 2020-07-05 5284: 5273:from the original on 2020-07-06 5259: 5250: 5239:from the original on 2018-09-07 5221: 5210:from the original on 2018-08-05 5192: 5167: 5156:from the original on 2012-02-29 5127:from the original on 2006-12-20 5109: 5098:from the original on 2012-11-22 5083: 5062: 5023: 5006: 4988: 4961: 4944: 4919: 4894: 4870: 4859:from the original on 2016-01-24 4841: 4794:from the original on 2007-09-30 4780: 4755: 4746: 4735:from the original on 2014-09-12 4717: 4687: 4656: 4645:from the original on 2018-10-23 4627: 4616:from the original on 2018-09-29 4598: 4587:from the original on 2018-11-20 4569: 4495:from the original on 2015-04-16 4470:from the original on 2014-10-17 4385:from the original on 2013-05-12 4310:from the original on 2013-07-20 3017:In one common method, known as 2902:Most rapid transit systems use 2809: 2794:, which can be built either as 2707:An alternate technology, using 1165:City & South London Railway 8592:Forestiere Underground Gardens 8455:Underground mining (soft rock) 8450:Underground mining (hard rock) 8435:Subsurface utility engineering 6499:History of the World's Subways 6018:Transportation Research Record 5121:Encyclopædia Britannica online 5030:Pillay, Suzanna (2017-07-16). 4544: 4281: 3685:, originally developed by the 2828:, either via cable haulage or 2816:Railway electrification system 2783:, in Haifa, is an underground 2563:Most rapid transit trains are 939:is a shortened reference to a 319: 36:Rapid transit (disambiguation) 27:High-capacity public transport 13: 1: 6948:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 6329:10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.11.002 6052:"Metro Arts and Architecture" 5833:(in Japanese). Archived from 5790:10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00092-3 5439:. Spon Press. pp. 65–66. 4790:. Chambers Reference Online. 4788:"Definition of "Underground"" 4669:Railway Gazette International 4556:International Railway Journal 4513:Transport for London (1981). 4269: 3264:City and South London Railway 2627:K-series cars from 1958, the 2625:Hudson and Manhattan Railroad 2407:Tokyo subway sarin gas attack 1462:'s urban lines in Hong Kong. 530:Passenger traffic terminology 161:, is a type of high-capacity 8445:Underground mine ventilation 8004:Passenger information system 6501:. New York: Newsweek Books. 6097:(in Swedish). Archived from 5457:. Washington: Island Press. 5148:Pulling, Niel (2008-05-22). 4849:"DC Metro System Fast Facts" 4274: 4099:transit oriented development 4040:Costs, benefits, and impacts 3879:Australian suburban networks 3388:" connected to the station. 2496:station is on a lower level. 2492:is on the surface while the 1264: 265:, and now forms part of the 252:public transport authorities 201:. Rapid transit systems are 197:– short for "elevated" – or 7: 8602:Underground House Las Vegas 7142:Demand-responsive transport 7040:Medium-capacity rail system 5584:"Office of Rail Regulation" 5090:Bolger, Paul (2004-11-22). 4952:"BEM Investor presentation" 4516:London Underground: History 4428:10.1080/0144164032000083095 4183: 4066:is high, as is the risk of 3999:In some cases, such as the 3426:Particularly in the former 3422:on the wall on Moscow Metro 3332: 2568:is commonly delivered by a 2226:With widespread use of the 2203:Some systems assign unique 261:which opened in 1863 using 177:can be regionally called a 165:that is generally built in 157:), commonly referred to as 78:the claims made and adding 10: 8706: 8597:Underground House Colorado 8526:Underground City, Montreal 8521:Underground City (Beijing) 7905:Public transport timetable 6936:Passenger rail terminology 6636:Improving Transit Security 6543:. Paris: OECD Publishing. 6462: 6091:Storstockholms Lokaltrafik 5827:"昔の地下鉄は暑かった？車両「冷房化」の意外な歴史" 5658:Needle et al., 1997: 10–13 5414:. Routledge. p. 107. 5094:. Subterranea Britannica. 4927:"About Us – MRT3 Stations" 4043: 3907:Kuala Lumpur Rapid Transit 3794: 3759:As for larger trains, the 3664:véhicule automatique léger 3336: 2921: 2813: 2674: 2556: 2257: 2213:Changi Airport MRT station 1820:, Philadelphia (including 1469: 1174:Liverpool Overhead Railway 1129: 1125: 1091:Metropolitan Rapid Transit 811:central business districts 759:Passenger rail terminology 756: 284:has the largest number of 43:Metropolitan Express Train 40: 29: 8641: 8628:Hockerton Housing Project 8615: 8579: 8463: 8411: 8349: 8208: 8177: 8169:Man-made and man-related 8118: 8022: 7989: 7936:Green transport hierarchy 7918: 7872: 7836: 7795: 7673:Automated fare collection 7658: 7527: 7427: 7393: 7333: 7285: 7247: 7110: 6926: 6809: 6616:Transit Maps of the World 5968:"Skyline Rail Operations" 5698:"Supercharging Singapore" 5068:Emmerson, Andrew (2010). 4264:Rapid transit track gauge 4122:public service obligation 3775:will follow by 2023. The 3586:automatic train operation 3061:. In the oldest systems, 3051:explosions in Guadalajara 2670: 2552: 2217:Raffles Place MRT station 1110:systems which stands for 1052:, the acronym stands for 959:are generally called the 643:List of high-speed trains 8680:Passenger rail transport 8642:Earth shelters Australia 8422:underground construction 7971:Transportation authority 6681:. Taylor & Francis. 6654:Ström, Marianne (1998). 6490:Bobrick, Benson (1981). 6077:"Art on the Underground" 5750:"Toulouse Metro, France" 5179:Urban Transport Magazine 4969: 3738:automatic platform gates 3515:Crew size and automation 2987:At subterranean levels, 2836:and are built to run as 2745:Sapporo Municipal Subway 2657:Sapporo Municipal Subway 2448:in stations, as well as 1444:seated to standing ratio 1326: 1132:History of rapid transit 275:stationary steam engines 217:operate on an exclusive 8382:Missile launch facility 8035:Bus rapid transit creep 7981:Transportation planning 6592:Kjenstad, Rune (1994). 5453:Walker, Jarret (2012). 5016:Southeast Asian Affairs 4464:Encyclopædia Britannica 4070:and benefit shortfall; 4056:Docklands Light Railway 3875:Mumbai Suburban Railway 3814:Docklands Light Railway 3808:in London is shared by 3621:Docklands Light Railway 3582:automatic train control 3315:Docklands Light Railway 2796:straddle-beam monorails 2565:electric multiple units 2486:Landungsbrücken station 2469:Inside a tunnel on the 2286:are used for safety at 1146:King's Cross St Pancras 1094:, previously using the 1013:by its acronym "BART". 853:inspires names such as 849:in Swedish. The use of 817:inspires names such as 545:Railway nationalization 240:, magnetic levitation ( 230:electric multiple units 8607:Underground World Home 7733:Manual fare collection 7713:Farebox recovery ratio 7204:Personal rapid transit 6560:"Mass Transit Options" 6519:The Transit Metropolis 6447:. Urban Land Institute 6192:"World Metro Database" 5988:Uslan et al., 1990: 71 5906:on September 30, 2007. 5496:10.1098/rsif.2012.0259 5152:. Railway Technology. 5070:The London Underground 4254:Personal rapid transit 4149:farebox recovery ratio 4059: 3915:Bay Area Rapid Transit 3817: 3781:Disneyland Resort line 3750:Jubilee Line Extension 3729: 3573: 3535: 3423: 3356: 3351:station on Line 12 of 3273:, an extension of the 3154: 3151:Saint Petersburg Metro 3132:, Russia where in the 3123:air-conditioned trains 3111:tunnel-boring machines 3001:tunnel-boring machines 2804:Chongqing Rail Transit 2775:includes a section of 2497: 2478: 2437: 2318: 2303: 2276: 2156: 2133: 1701:San Francisco Bay Area 1485:of land with a set of 1369: 1358: 1346: 1278: 1149: 1011:Bay Area Rapid Transit 1007:San Francisco Bay Area 1003:Boston's subway system 949:Los Angeles Metro Rail 880: 841: 828: 802: 783: 772: 653:Longest train services 535:Named passenger trains 143: 135: 119: 8496:Kőbánya cellar system 8491:Houston tunnel system 8430:Rock-cut architecture 8090:Sustainable transport 8070:Passenger load factor 7885:Clock-face scheduling 7718:Free public transport 7570:Bus turnout (bus bay) 7267:Real-time ridesharing 7060:Platform screen doors 6675:White, Peter (2002). 5435:White, Peter (2002). 5233:The Transport Politic 4519:. Capital Transport. 4234:List of metro systems 4126:transport association 4053: 3804: 3734:platform screen doors 3724: 3697:in Vancouver and the 3564: 3522: 3440:contains many fossils 3413: 3405:platform screen doors 3359:Stations function as 3346: 3142: 2484: 2475:tunnel boring machine 2468: 2424: 2357:Platform screen doors 2312:platform screen doors 2310:Full-height enclosed 2309: 2282: 2267: 2150: 2111: 2104:Passenger information 1472:List of metro systems 1364: 1352: 1334: 1272: 1139: 1060:Integrated Mass Mode 1009:, residents refer to 969:Market–Frankford Line 789: 778: 766: 668:Platform screen doors 141: 125: 113: 8571:Subterranean fiction 8566:Subterranean warfare 8129:Transport portal 8065:Outline of transport 7758:Reduced fare program 7728:Integrated ticketing 7683:Contract of carriage 7494:Personal transporter 7050:Narrow-gauge railway 6898:Rail replacement bus 6594:På skinner i Bymarka 5748:Railway Technology. 5376:Ovenden, 2007: 36–39 5367:Ovenden, 2007: 28–31 5349:Ovenden, 2007: 32–35 4882:San Francisco Travel 3848:were constructed as 3403:. Some stations use 2822:Metropolitan Railway 2759:given the increased 2696:, or other forms of 2629:New York City Subway 2591:as large as that of 2506:Metropolitan Railway 2477:can be clearly seen. 2083:Extended loop, e.g. 1917:Circle-radial, e.g. 1633:Philadelphia (SEPTA) 1574:Valencia (Venezuela) 1394:New York City Subway 1259:rapid transit system 1242:was opened in 2019. 1232:tunnels and stations 1154:Metropolitan Railway 1142:Metropolitan Railway 1018:New York City Subway 898:pedestrian underpass 721:Transport portal 673:Railway speed record 298:New York City Subway 259:Metropolitan Railway 142:Metro in the world: 128:New York City Subway 8561:Subterranean Toledo 8556:Subterranean London 8476:Caves of Maastricht 8440:Tunnel construction 8221:Burial vault (tomb) 8105:Transport economics 7900:On-time performance 7895:Night (owl) service 7595:Interchange station 7474:Horse-drawn vehicle 7262:Flexible carpooling 7070:Metro/Rapid Transit 6618:. London: Penguin. 6261:2023ScTEn.883p3691D 6101:on October 13, 2007 5565:on 7 September 2007 5013:Seah C. M. (1981). 4114:transit authorities 3958:Philadelphia Subway 3923:Seoul Subway Line 7 3777:North East MRT line 3716:2006 FIFA World Cup 3610:Grade of Automation 3528:North East MRT line 3355:has several levels. 2824:were powered using 2580:and others use the 2335:rear-end collisions 2284:Platform-edge doors 2273:Seoul Subway Line 6 2269:Seoul Fire Services 2254:Safety and security 2000:Complex grid, e.g. 1353:The coaches of the 1062:in English. In the 910:Tyne and Wear Metro 648:List of train songs 525:High-speed railways 478:Couplers by country 327:Part of a series on 306:Tokyo subway system 238:guided rubber tires 236:. Some systems use 8685:1863 introductions 8516:Underground living 8398:Underground hangar 7859:Standing passenger 7122:Auto rickshaw taxi 7092:Suspension railway 7075:Rubber-tyred metro 6998:Heritage streetcar 6903:Share taxi/Taxibus 6764:2018-09-29 at the 6492:Labyrinths of Iron 6172:White, 2002: 63–64 6132:on 17 October 2006 6006:Cervero, 1998: 226 5924:on 27 October 2006 5808:Electric Railroads 5726:Kjenstad, 1994: 46 5714:White, 2002: 64–65 5704:. 10 October 2015. 5526:Ovenden, 2007: 107 5000:2014-08-19 at the 4244:Light rail transit 4142:government funding 4103:population density 4060: 4046:Transport planning 4001:London Underground 3942:London Underground 3818: 3810:London Underground 3797:Urban rail transit 3730: 3644:emergency services 3604:, opened in 1968. 3574: 3536: 3424: 3357: 3163:Hongyancun station 3155: 2993:traffic congestion 2956:section – part of 2800:suspended monorail 2777:rack (cog) railway 2655:(opened 1966) and 2601:London Underground 2593:main-line railways 2498: 2479: 2438: 2380:video surveillance 2331:Head-on collisions 2327:safety regulations 2319: 2304: 2277: 2205:alphanumeric codes 2157: 2134: 2126:Simplified Chinese 1466:Network topologies 1405:London Underground 1370: 1359: 1347: 1291:metropolitan areas 1279: 1170:London Underground 1158:pneumatic railways 1150: 1112:Mass Rapid Transit 1096:Mass Rapid Transit 1069:Metro Rail Transit 838:in German, or the 803: 784: 773: 483:Coupler conversion 267:London Underground 151:mass rapid transit 144: 136: 120: 116:London Underground 63:possibly contains 18:Transport topology 8662: 8661: 8616:Earth shelters UK 8587:Bill Gates' house 8580:Earth shelters US 8350:Military features 8341:Ventilation shaft 8209:Civilian features 8136: 8135: 7828:Transport network 7818:Non-revenue track 7484:Inclined elevator 7419:Inclined elevator 7385:Inclined elevator 7010:Higher-speed rail 6953:Airport rail link 6836:Bus rapid transit 6730:978-0-618-08230-8 6711:978-0-89128-166-5 6688:978-0-415-25772-5 6667:978-2-86770-068-2 6646:978-0-309-06013-4 6625:978-0-14-311265-5 6603:978-82-91448-01-5 6550:978-92-821-1303-5 6529:978-1-55963-591-2 6483:978-0-419-25590-1 6227:Cervero, 1998: 26 6181:Cervero, 1998: 21 5896:978-2-921969-08-6 5702:The Straits Times 5611:. 30 April 2017. 5490:(75): 2540–2550. 5464:978-1-59726-972-8 5358:Ovenden, 2007: 95 5340:Ovenden, 2007: 84 5294:. 2 August 2017. 5269:. 19 March 2019. 5256:Cervero, 1998: 13 5078:978-0-74780-790-2 4826:Ovenden, 2007: 93 4773:978-0-618-08230-8 4526:978-0-904711-30-1 4416:Transport Reviews 4288:www.urbanrail.net 4239:Bus rapid transit 4105:in a metropolis. 4078:system with many 4005:London Overground 3974:London Overground 3820:Since the 1980s, 3806:Stratford Station 3785:South Island line 3651:line in Toronto. 3580:technologies for 3556:closed-circuit TV 3507:and a feeling of 3454:. The systems in 3302:Elevated railways 3297:Elevated railways 3158:Deepest stations: 2830:steam locomotives 2725:Mexico City Metro 2347:King's Cross fire 2244:Mexico City Metro 1562:Navi Mumbai Metro 1440:service frequency 1273:A station of the 1106:, have their own 1055:Moda Raya Terpadu 973:Broad Street Line 941:metropolitan area 767:A station of the 755: 754: 473:Railway couplings 456:Steam locomotives 263:steam locomotives 191:elevated railways 108: 107: 100: 65:original research 16:(Redirected from 8697: 8623:Underhill, Holme 8531:Mine exploration 8393:Underground base 8388:Scallywag bunker 8357:Air raid shelter 8336:Smuggling tunnel 8301:Underground city 8241:Dugout (shelter) 8178:Natural features 8163: 8156: 8149: 8140: 8139: 8127: 8126: 8045:Destination sign 8009:Platform display 7999:Destination sign 7956:Transit district 7951:Street hierarchy 7931:Complete streets 7926:Airport security 7808:Cross-city route 7753:Proof-of-payment 7723:Free travel pass 7214:Public light bus 7174:Hackney carriage 6993:Heritage railway 6978:Elevated railway 6973:Cross-city route 6893:Public light bus 6851:Cross-city route 6803:Public transport 6796: 6789: 6782: 6773: 6772: 6734: 6715: 6692: 6671: 6650: 6629: 6607: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6579: 6573:. Archived from 6564: 6554: 6533: 6522:. Island Press. 6487: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6442: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6414:. Archived from 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6392: 6385: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6361: 6354: 6342: 6333: 6332: 6317:Transport Policy 6312: 6306: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6246: 6234: 6228: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6188: 6182: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6131: 6125:. Archived from 6124: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6013: 6007: 6004: 5998: 5997:Cervero, 1998: 8 5995: 5989: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5945:. Archived from 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5920:. Archived from 5914: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5899:. Archived from 5888: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5838: 5831:Mainichi Shimbun 5822: 5816: 5815: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5784:(1–2): 130–139. 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5745: 5739: 5736: 5727: 5724: 5715: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5665: 5659: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5554: 5548: 5545: 5539: 5538:Ovenden, 2007: 9 5536: 5527: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5507: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5450: 5441: 5440: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5145: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5087: 5081: 5066: 5060: 5059:Ovenden, 2007: 7 5057: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5010: 5004: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4815: 4812: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4529:. Archived from 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4413: 4405: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4384: 4373: 4365: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4344: 4338:. Archived from 4337: 4328: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4296: 4290: 4285: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4214: 4209: 4208: 4200: 4198:Transport portal 4195: 4194: 4144:to cover costs. 4072:public financing 4017:Federal District 3986:KRL Commuterline 3919:Los Teques Metro 3871:KRL Commuterline 3832:, thus avoiding 3746:infrared sensors 3699:Kelana Jaya Line 3608:technically as " 3590:railway platform 3434:walls, polished 3327:Skyline Honolulu 3323:Bangkok Skytrain 3271:West Island line 3199:Hongtudi station 3119:air conditioning 3101:, where a thick 3083:tunneling shield 2954:East–West tunnel 2943: 2934: 2769:mountain railway 2648:MTR M-Train EMUs 2621:air conditioning 2584:for propulsion. 2430:Transit Wireless 2176:public transport 2080: 1997: 1914: 1895: 1848: 1770: 1719: 1664: 1588: 1502: 1378:Copenhagen Metro 1336:Ana Rosa station 1181:cities in Europe 1088:, it stands for 1066:, it stands for 945:Washington Metro 883: 844: 831: 791:Mabillon station 747: 740: 733: 719: 718: 419:Gauge conversion 343: 324: 323: 228:typically using 163:public transport 103: 96: 92: 89: 83: 80:inline citations 56: 55: 48: 21: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8694: 8665: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8654:Lightning Ridge 8637: 8611: 8575: 8459: 8420: 8407: 8377:Fallout shelter 8345: 8204: 8173: 8167: 8137: 8132: 8121: 8114: 8018: 7991: 7985: 7914: 7868: 7844:Checked baggage 7832: 7791: 7678:Bus advertising 7662: 7654: 7523: 7514:Trackless train 7457:Scooter-sharing 7452:Bicycle-sharing 7429: 7423: 7389: 7329: 7281: 7243: 7219:Pulled rickshaw 7189:Motorcycle taxi 7132:Combination bus 7113: 7106: 7020:Inter-city rail 7005:High-speed rail 6922: 6805: 6800: 6766:Wayback Machine 6758:Metro-Data.info 6742: 6737: 6731: 6712: 6689: 6668: 6660:. ACR Edition. 6647: 6626: 6604: 6583: 6581: 6577: 6562: 6551: 6530: 6514:Cervero, Robert 6484: 6465: 6460: 6459: 6450: 6448: 6440: 6434: 6430: 6421: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6383: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6352: 6346:MTR Corporation 6343: 6336: 6313: 6309: 6304: 6300: 6243: 6240:"Subways and CO 6235: 6231: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6210: 6201: 6199: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6176: 6171: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6148: 6144: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6104: 6102: 6088: 6084: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6061: 6059: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6030:10.3141/1677-09 6014: 6010: 6005: 6001: 5996: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5952: 5950: 5941: 5940: 5936: 5927: 5925: 5916: 5915: 5911: 5903: 5897: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5842: 5840: 5823: 5819: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5772: 5768: 5759: 5757: 5746: 5742: 5738:White, 2002: 64 5737: 5730: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5682: 5680: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5653: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5593: 5591: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5568: 5566: 5555: 5551: 5547:Ström, 1998: 58 5546: 5542: 5537: 5530: 5525: 5521: 5476: 5472: 5465: 5451: 5444: 5433: 5429: 5422: 5408: 5404: 5395: 5393: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5326: 5324: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5301: 5299: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5276: 5274: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5242: 5240: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5213: 5211: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5184: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5159: 5157: 5146: 5139: 5130: 5128: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5101: 5099: 5088: 5084: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5038: 5028: 5024: 5011: 5007: 5002:Wayback Machine 4993: 4989: 4980: 4978: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4911: 4909: 4908:(in Indonesian) 4900: 4899: 4895: 4886: 4884: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4862: 4860: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4818: 4814:White, 2002: 63 4813: 4806: 4797: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4738: 4736: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4677: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4648: 4646: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4619: 4617: 4610:metro-data.info 4604: 4603: 4599: 4590: 4588: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4536: 4534: 4527: 4511: 4507: 4498: 4496: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4473: 4471: 4460:"Rapid Transit" 4458: 4457: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4329: 4322: 4313: 4311: 4304:Merriam-Webster 4300:"Rapid transit" 4298: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4186: 4153:MTR Corporation 4128:, allowing for 4085: 4048: 4042: 3799: 3793: 3754:Hong Kong's MTR 3736:or half-height 3548:a single person 3517: 3393:platform height 3341: 3335: 3319:Miami Metrorail 3299: 3275:MTR Island line 3251:Washington Park 3244:nuclear shelter 3240:Pyongyang Metro 3216:Chongqing Metro 3211:Liyuchi station 3204:Chongqing Metro 3187:Admiralteyskaya 3168:Chongqing Metro 3153:has two levels. 3149:station of the 3075:bored tunneling 2985: 2984: 2983: 2982: 2964:underneath the 2946: 2945: 2944: 2936: 2935: 2924: 2818: 2812: 2679: 2673: 2605:deep tube lines 2561: 2555: 2463: 2444:in tunnels and 2419: 2384:security guards 2262: 2256: 2165:topological map 2142:corporate image 2106: 2099: 2081: 2072: 1998: 1989: 1915: 1906: 1896: 1887: 1849: 1840: 1771: 1762: 1720: 1711: 1697:Nizhny Novgorod 1667:X-shaped, e.g. 1665: 1656: 1589: 1580: 1503: 1474: 1468: 1460:MTR Corporation 1425:Koltsevaya Line 1344:São Paulo Metro 1329: 1267: 1134: 1128: 1104:Taoyuan, Taiwan 953:Miami Metrorail 769:Guangzhou Metro 761: 751: 713: 610: 559:Special systems 554: 520:Inter-city rail 505:Passenger train 430: 385:Railway station 362: 361: 322: 171:grade separated 104: 93: 87: 84: 69: 57: 53: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8703: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8645: 8643: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8612: 8610: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8583: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8536:Mines of Paris 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8511:Trench warfare 8508: 8506:Tunnel network 8503: 8501:Tunnel warfare 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8467: 8465: 8464:Related topics 8461: 8460: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8426: 8424: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8353: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8316:Secret passage 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8212: 8210: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8166: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8143: 8134: 8133: 8119: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8060:Land transport 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7995: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7961:Transit police 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7941:Rail subsidies 7938: 7933: 7928: 7922: 7920: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7840: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7813:Network length 7810: 7805: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7777:Ticket machine 7774: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7698:Fare avoidance 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7669: 7667: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7580:Ferry terminal 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7489:Moving walkway 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7444: 7439: 7433: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7414:Moving walkway 7411: 7406: 7400: 7398: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7343:Aerial tramway 7339: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7291: 7289: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7253: 7251: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7139: 7137:Cycle rickshaw 7134: 7129: 7124: 7118: 7116: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7087:Street running 7084: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6944: 6943: 6932: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6815: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6799: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6741: 6740:External links 6738: 6736: 6735: 6729: 6716: 6710: 6693: 6687: 6672: 6666: 6651: 6645: 6630: 6624: 6608: 6602: 6589: 6555: 6549: 6534: 6528: 6510: 6488: 6482: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6428: 6403: 6372: 6348:(2008-08-05). 6334: 6307: 6298: 6241: 6229: 6220: 6208: 6194:. Metro Bits. 6183: 6174: 6165: 6154:. BFM Business 6142: 6111: 6082: 6068: 6054:. Metro Bits. 6043: 6008: 5999: 5990: 5981: 5959: 5934: 5909: 5895: 5872: 5850: 5839:on 6 July 2022 5817: 5795: 5766: 5740: 5728: 5716: 5707: 5689: 5675:(in Spanish). 5660: 5651: 5626: 5600: 5575: 5549: 5540: 5528: 5519: 5470: 5463: 5442: 5427: 5421:978-1138361959 5420: 5402: 5391:www.mtr.com.hk 5378: 5369: 5360: 5351: 5342: 5333: 5308: 5283: 5258: 5249: 5235:. 2018-01-17. 5220: 5206:. 2017-02-17. 5191: 5166: 5137: 5108: 5082: 5061: 5047: 5022: 5005: 4987: 4960: 4943: 4918: 4893: 4869: 4855:. 2013-11-03. 4840: 4828: 4816: 4804: 4779: 4772: 4754: 4745: 4716: 4686: 4672:. 4 May 2010. 4655: 4641:. 2017-02-17. 4626: 4597: 4583:. 2018-07-30. 4568: 4543: 4525: 4505: 4480: 4448: 4395: 4355: 4320: 4291: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4215: 4201: 4185: 4182: 4130:free transfers 4083: 4076:road transport 4044:Main article: 4041: 4038: 3982:JR Urban Lines 3927:agglomerations 3891:Shanghai Metro 3850:street-running 3795:Main article: 3792: 3789: 3744:do not, using 3674:, France, and 3649:Scarborough RT 3516: 3513: 3460:St. Petersburg 3370:side platforms 3349:Getafe Central 3337:Main article: 3334: 3331: 3298: 3295: 3259: 3258: 3255:MAX Light Rail 3247: 3235:Puhung station 3231: 3219: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3130:St. Petersburg 3079:vertical shaft 2948: 2947: 2938: 2937: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2916:overhead wires 2904:direct current 2869:Shanghai Metro 2858:overhead wires 2842:traction power 2838:multiple units 2834:electric power 2811: 2808: 2743:, such as the 2683:standard gauge 2672: 2669: 2653:Montreal Metro 2623:, such as the 2574:overhead wires 2554: 2551: 2511:High capacity 2462: 2461:Infrastructure 2459: 2418: 2417:Added features 2415: 2409:and the 2005 " 2399:Beijing Subway 2392:transit police 2376:violent crimes 2353:High platforms 2255: 2252: 2246:uses a unique 2153:Shenzhen Metro 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2082: 2075: 2073: 1999: 1992: 1990: 1916: 1909: 1907: 1897: 1890: 1888: 1885:Washington, DC 1850: 1843: 1841: 1772: 1765: 1763: 1721: 1714: 1712: 1666: 1659: 1657: 1590: 1583: 1581: 1504: 1497: 1476:Rapid transit 1470:Main article: 1467: 1464: 1429:Beijing Subway 1390:Istanbul Metro 1366:Helsinki Metro 1328: 1325: 1287:agglomerations 1266: 1263: 1130:Main article: 1127: 1124: 1035:Southeast Asia 1028:North American 957:Montreal Metro 922:Glasgow Subway 829:Untergrundbahn 757:Main article: 753: 752: 750: 749: 742: 735: 727: 724: 723: 710: 709: 708: 707: 702: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 617: 616: 612: 611: 609: 608: 603: 598: 597: 596: 586: 581: 576: 575: 574: 561: 560: 556: 555: 553: 552: 547: 542: 540:Rail subsidies 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 491: 490: 485: 480: 470: 465: 460: 459: 458: 448: 440: 439: 432: 431: 429: 428: 427: 426: 421: 416: 414:Variable gauge 406: 405: 404: 394: 393: 392: 382: 377: 369: 368: 367:Infrastructure 364: 363: 360: 359: 354: 348: 345: 344: 336: 335: 333:Rail transport 329: 328: 321: 318: 294:Shanghai Metro 234:railway tracks 209:, that unlike 132:metro stations 106: 105: 60: 58: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8702: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8675:Rapid transit 8673: 8672: 8670: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8640: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8481:Civil defense 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8367:Blast shelter 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8348: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8321:Semi-basement 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8296:Utility vault 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8281:Rock-cut tomb 8279: 8277: 8276:Rapid transit 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8251:Earth shelter 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8164: 8159: 8157: 8152: 8150: 8145: 8144: 8141: 8131: 8130: 8125: 8117: 8111: 8110:Micromobility 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8055:Hail and ride 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7835: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7650:Transport hub 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7635:Train station 7633: 7631: 7630:Taxicab stand 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7615:Park and ride 7613: 7611: 7610:Metro station 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7353:Cable railway 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7246: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7109: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7082:Regional rail 7080: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6963:Commuter rail 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6866:Intercity bus 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6792: 6790: 6785: 6783: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6732: 6726: 6722: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6696:Uslan, Mark; 6694: 6690: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6673: 6669: 6663: 6659: 6658: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6612:Ovenden, Mark 6609: 6605: 6599: 6595: 6590: 6580:on 2018-08-07 6576: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6521: 6520: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6507:0-88225-299-2 6504: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6476:. Routledge. 6475: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6446: 6439: 6432: 6418:on 2011-07-25 6417: 6413: 6407: 6389: 6382: 6376: 6358: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6339: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6311: 6302: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6233: 6224: 6215: 6213: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6178: 6169: 6153: 6146: 6128: 6121: 6115: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6078: 6072: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6012: 6003: 5994: 5985: 5969: 5963: 5949:on 2006-11-19 5948: 5944: 5938: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5902: 5898: 5892: 5885: 5884: 5876: 5860: 5854: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5821: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5770: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5735: 5733: 5723: 5721: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5655: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5544: 5535: 5533: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5474: 5466: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5447: 5438: 5431: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5406: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5355: 5346: 5337: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5253: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5142: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5018: 5017: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4996: 4991: 4977:on 2011-04-05 4976: 4972: 4964: 4953: 4947: 4933:on 2013-01-22 4932: 4928: 4922: 4907: 4903: 4897: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4823: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4775: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4749: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4533:on 2013-01-16 4532: 4528: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4509: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4453: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4345:on 2014-02-22 4341: 4334: 4331:UITP (2011). 4327: 4325: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4259:Regional rail 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4216: 4213: 4212:Trains portal 4207: 4202: 4199: 4193: 4188: 4181: 4177: 4175: 4174:value capture 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3990:Regional Rail 3987: 3983: 3979: 3978:Sydney Trains 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938:Berlin U-Bahn 3935: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3911:Guangfo Metro 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3862:commuter rail 3858: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3830:rights-of-way 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3717: 3714:time for the 3712: 3708: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3683:Innovia Metro 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3603: 3602:Victoria line 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3501:accessibility 3498: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3397:accessibility 3394: 3389: 3387: 3386:park and ride 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3339:Metro station 3330: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3192:The Admiralty 3189: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3141: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3019:cut-and-cover 3015: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2997:Cut-and-cover 2994: 2990: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2966:Hooghly River 2963: 2962:Kolkata Metro 2959: 2955: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846:overhead line 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2826:steam engines 2823: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2698:precipitation 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686:railway track 2684: 2678: 2677:Railway gauge 2668: 2666: 2665:loading gauge 2660: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2616:piston-effect 2613: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589:loading gauge 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2560: 2559:Loading gauge 2550: 2547: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2458: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372:pickpocketing 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2317: 2316:Chennai Metro 2313: 2308: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2275:in March 2001 2274: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235:standardized 2233: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2209:Singapore MRT 2206: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1898:Circle, e.g. 1894: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851:Radial, e.g. 1847: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645:Santo Domingo 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1582: 1579: 1578:Yekaterinburg 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1363: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1306:commuter rail 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1276: 1271: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1255:Latin America 1252: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1201:New York City 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1163:In 1890, the 1161: 1159: 1155: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1080:use the term 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 987: 982: 981:commuter rail 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 933:North America 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 886: 884: 882: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 845: 843: 837: 835: 830: 824: 820: 816: 813:; the use of 812: 808: 800: 796: 792: 788: 782: 777: 770: 765: 760: 748: 743: 741: 736: 734: 729: 728: 726: 725: 722: 717: 712: 711: 706: 703: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 619: 618: 614: 613: 607: 604: 602: 599: 595: 592: 591: 590: 589:Rapid transit 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 573: 570: 569: 568: 565: 564: 563: 562: 558: 557: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 515:Regional rail 513: 511: 510:Commuter rail 508: 506: 503: 501: 500:Bogie (truck) 498: 496: 493: 489: 488:Dual coupling 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 474: 471: 469: 468:Railroad cars 466: 464: 461: 457: 454: 453: 452: 449: 447: 444: 443: 442: 441: 438: 437:rolling stock 434: 433: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 410: 407: 403: 400: 399: 398: 397:Railway track 395: 391: 388: 387: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 372: 371: 370: 366: 365: 358: 357:Company types 355: 353: 350: 349: 347: 346: 342: 338: 337: 334: 331: 330: 326: 325: 317: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 255: 253: 249: 245: 244: 239: 235: 231: 227: 222: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 147:Rapid transit 140: 133: 129: 124: 117: 112: 102: 99: 91: 81: 77: 73: 67: 66: 61:This article 59: 50: 49: 44: 37: 33: 19: 8471:Cave dweller 8331:Storm cellar 8275: 8120: 8095:Timing point 8080:Request stop 8023:Other topics 7880:Bus bunching 7864:Travel class 7823:Radial route 7803:Circle route 7787:Transit pass 7748:Penalty fare 7708:Fare evasion 7703:Fare capping 7688:Dead mileage 7645:Transit mall 7368:Gondola lift 7147:Microtransit 7069: 7055:People mover 6968:Circle route 6883:Open top bus 6846:Circle route 6720: 6701: 6677: 6656: 6635: 6615: 6593: 6582:. Retrieved 6575:the original 6566: 6539: 6518: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6472: 6449:. Retrieved 6445:ULI Americas 6444: 6431: 6420:. Retrieved 6416:the original 6406: 6395:. Retrieved 6375: 6364:. Retrieved 6320: 6316: 6310: 6301: 6252: 6248: 6232: 6223: 6200:. Retrieved 6186: 6177: 6168: 6156:. Retrieved 6145: 6134:. Retrieved 6127:the original 6114: 6103:. Retrieved 6099:the original 6085: 6071: 6060:. Retrieved 6046: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6002: 5993: 5984: 5972:. Retrieved 5962: 5951:. Retrieved 5947:the original 5937: 5926:. Retrieved 5922:the original 5912: 5901:the original 5882: 5875: 5863:. Retrieved 5853: 5841:. Retrieved 5836:the original 5830: 5820: 5812:the original 5807: 5798: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5758:. Retrieved 5743: 5710: 5701: 5692: 5681:. Retrieved 5672: 5663: 5654: 5643:. Retrieved 5629: 5617:. Retrieved 5603: 5592:. Retrieved 5578: 5567:. Retrieved 5563:the original 5552: 5543: 5522: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5454: 5436: 5430: 5411: 5405: 5394:. Retrieved 5390: 5381: 5372: 5363: 5354: 5345: 5336: 5325:. Retrieved 5311: 5300:. Retrieved 5286: 5275:. Retrieved 5261: 5252: 5241:. Retrieved 5232: 5223: 5212:. Retrieved 5203: 5194: 5183:. Retrieved 5181:. 2019-05-29 5178: 5169: 5158:. Retrieved 5129:. Retrieved 5120: 5111: 5100:. Retrieved 5085: 5069: 5064: 5039:. Retrieved 5035: 5025: 5015: 5008: 4990: 4979:. Retrieved 4975:the original 4963: 4946: 4935:. Retrieved 4931:the original 4921: 4910:. Retrieved 4905: 4896: 4885:. Retrieved 4881: 4872: 4861:. Retrieved 4843: 4831: 4796:. Retrieved 4782: 4763: 4757: 4748: 4737:. Retrieved 4719: 4708:. Retrieved 4699: 4689: 4678:. Retrieved 4667: 4658: 4647:. Retrieved 4638: 4629: 4618:. Retrieved 4609: 4606:"Metro Data" 4600: 4589:. Retrieved 4580: 4571: 4560:. Retrieved 4558:. 2021-03-29 4555: 4546: 4535:. Retrieved 4531:the original 4515: 4508: 4497:. Retrieved 4483: 4472:. Retrieved 4439:. Retrieved 4419: 4415: 4387:. Retrieved 4347:. Retrieved 4340:the original 4312:. Retrieved 4294: 4283: 4226:Buses portal 4178: 4146: 4134:fare revenue 4107: 4088: 4068:cost overrun 4064:capital cost 4061: 3998: 3950:Tokyo subway 3946:Sydney Metro 3931: 3903:Taipei Metro 3899:Madrid Metro 3869:, Jakarta's 3859: 3838: 3819: 3816:(not shown). 3758: 3731: 3727:Sydney Metro 3703: 3680:Bombardier's 3663: 3653: 3633: 3618: 3606: 3584:and, later, 3578:computerized 3575: 3572:driver panel 3566:Prague Metro 3537: 3493:architecture 3428:Soviet Union 3425: 3390: 3358: 3353:Madrid Metro 3300: 3279:Sai Ying Pun 3268: 3260: 3249: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3173: 3161: 3144: 3127: 3115: 3093:may require 3087:ground water 3072: 3016: 3009: 2986: 2973: 2969: 2949: 2914:supplied by 2901: 2889:Shijiazhuang 2862: 2819: 2810:Motive power 2789: 2779:, while the 2766: 2709:rubber tires 2706: 2680: 2661: 2612:ceiling fans 2609: 2586: 2582:linear motor 2562: 2546:right-of-way 2542: 2538:Taipei Metro 2530:feeder lines 2510: 2499: 2446:DAS antennas 2442:leaky feeder 2439: 2426:DAS antennas 2396: 2368:petty crimes 2361: 2351: 2320: 2296:Taipei Metro 2288:Daan Station 2242: 2225: 2221: 2202: 2158: 2135: 1861:Buenos Aires 1709:Thessaloniki 1591:Cross, e.g. 1491: 1486: 1482: 1475: 1437: 1421:Moscow Metro 1401:Prague Metro 1398: 1373: 1371: 1313:trolleybuses 1310: 1299: 1280: 1244: 1240:Sydney Metro 1205: 1178: 1162: 1151: 1111: 1107: 1095: 1089: 1081: 1076:underground 1067: 1059: 1053: 1045: 1032: 1015: 994: 990: 984: 965:Philadelphia 960: 936: 930: 925: 913: 905: 901: 900:. The terms 893: 887: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 846: 839: 826: 822: 818: 806: 804: 781:Riyadh Metro 588: 435:Service and 314:Moscow Metro 290:route length 280:As of 2021, 279: 256: 241: 223: 219:right-of-way 198: 194: 186: 182: 178: 158: 154: 150: 146: 145: 94: 85: 62: 8649:Coober Pedy 8541:Mole people 8486:Coober Pedy 8403:Spider hole 8286:Root cellar 8171:subterranea 8100:Transit map 8075:Public good 7992:and signage 7849:First class 7763:Smart cards 7738:Money train 7600:Kassel kerb 7560:Bus station 7348:Cable ferry 7315:Ocean liner 7295:Cable ferry 7152:Paratransit 6913:Transit bus 6908:Shuttle bus 6856:Express bus 6811:Bus service 6323:: 101–109. 6158:14 February 4970:桃園都會區大眾捷運系統 4906:Merdeka.com 4249:Megaproject 4169:real estate 4138:advertising 4110:fixed costs 4095:land values 4086:emissions. 3954:Jakarta MRT 3934:Paris Métro 3887:Dubai Metro 3846:interurbans 3761:Paris Métro 3668:Lille Metro 3656:light metro 3598:cab signals 3497:cleanliness 3488:Los Angeles 3378:underground 3313:, London's 3226:station in 3223:Park Pobedy 3178:station in 3146:Sportivnaya 3103:sedimentary 3045:mains, and 2912:25 kV 50 Hz 2908:Delhi Metro 2854:pickup shoe 2721:Paris Métro 2578:fourth rail 2525:Light metro 2471:Turin Metro 2339:derailments 2232:cell phones 2197:topological 2193:interchange 2180:color-coded 2161:transit map 2114:Tokyo Metro 2022:Mexico City 1877:Los Angeles 1794:Guadalajara 1629:Panama City 1413:Chicago 'L' 1409:Paris Métro 1382:Milan Metro 1355:Delhi Metro 1172:. The 1893 1064:Philippines 1033:In most of 989:(short for 935:. The term 902:Underground 888:In most of 823:underground 799:Paris Métro 683:Terminology 628:Attractions 615:Miscellanea 451:Locomotives 409:Track gauge 402:Maintenance 320:Terminology 310:Seoul Metro 187:underground 167:urban areas 8669:Categories 8050:Dwell time 8040:Crush load 7990:Technology 7910:Short turn 7873:Scheduling 7837:Facilities 7625:Queue jump 7545:Bus garage 7447:Carsharing 7325:Water taxi 7305:Hovercraft 7257:Car jockey 7249:Carpooling 7224:Share taxi 7194:Marshrutka 7159:Dollar van 7102:Tram-train 7030:Light rail 7025:Interurban 6988:Heavy rail 6918:Trolleybus 6878:Marshrutka 6861:Guided bus 6584:2009-07-09 6451:2021-07-26 6422:2010-11-11 6397:2010-07-06 6366:2008-08-21 6255:: 163691. 6202:2013-11-17 6136:2006-12-04 6105:2008-08-20 6062:2006-12-04 5974:17 January 5953:2006-12-04 5928:2006-12-04 5760:2008-08-20 5683:2008-09-08 5645:2018-01-06 5594:2007-09-10 5569:2007-09-10 5396:2021-06-27 5327:2020-07-04 5302:2020-07-04 5277:2020-07-04 5243:2018-09-01 5214:2018-09-01 5185:2021-04-03 5160:2008-08-18 5131:2006-12-02 5102:2007-09-19 5041:2024-04-19 5036:NST Online 4981:2010-06-19 4937:2014-06-08 4912:2017-12-22 4887:2022-11-03 4863:2015-07-20 4838:, 2007: 16 4798:2006-11-28 4739:2014-09-21 4710:2014-09-21 4680:2010-05-04 4649:2018-11-20 4620:2018-09-28 4591:2018-11-20 4562:2021-06-07 4537:2013-01-02 4499:2015-04-24 4474:2014-11-28 4389:2013-07-31 4349:2014-02-16 4314:2013-07-31 4270:References 4180:per acre. 4163:and whose 4161:soft loans 4025:Washington 4009:California 3834:congestion 3826:light rail 3640:evacuation 3629:automation 3452:nautiluses 3291:escalators 3287:Mid-levels 3180:Kyiv Metro 2958:Green Line 2850:third rail 2814:See also: 2773:Lyon Metro 2751:system in 2741:guide rail 2733:flat tires 2711:on narrow 2675:See also: 2570:third rail 2557:See also: 2534:Wenhu Line 2502:technology 2434:NYC Subway 2388:conductors 2370:, such as 2366:problems: 2258:See also: 2189:timetables 1939:Copenhagen 1478:topologies 1386:Oslo Metro 1338:platform, 1315:, regular 1275:Rome Metro 1236:first line 1220:spread out 1218:tended to 1208:tram-train 1114:, as with 993:ropolitan 955:, and the 875:overground 842:Tunnelbana 793:, part of 633:By country 584:Interurban 579:Light rail 424:Dual gauge 375:Management 205:, usually 88:April 2022 72:improve it 8690:Commuting 8417:quarrying 8311:Wine cave 8231:Catacombs 8014:Timetable 7743:Paid area 7693:Exit fare 7660:Ticketing 7640:Tram stop 7555:Bus stand 7528:Locations 7509:Slope car 7479:Hyperloop 7469:Escalator 7430:transport 7409:Escalator 7397:transport 7363:Funicular 7320:Vaporetto 7310:Hydrofoil 7229:Songthaew 7199:Nanny van 7184:Limousine 7127:Boda boda 6983:Funicular 6958:Cable car 6841:Charabanc 6752:Databases 6746:UrbanRail 6657:Metro Art 6293:258327571 6277:0048-9697 6038:110192749 6024:: 67–72. 5865:March 10, 5843:15 August 5619:6 January 4700:Next City 4489:"Chicago" 4436:154931412 4275:Citations 4165:servicing 4091:Motorways 4080:motorways 4034:interline 4029:Metrorail 3970:Crossrail 3881:, Danish 3860:Suburban 3855:Stadtbahn 3742:Nuremberg 3636:emergency 3625:elevators 3616:network. 3540:conductor 3532:Singapore 3472:Stockholm 3448:ammonoids 3374:escalator 3175:Arsenalna 3134:marshland 3105:layer of 3067:cast iron 3035:telephone 3027:utilities 3021:the city 2960:– of the 2893:Blue Line 2881:Hong Kong 2873:Barcelona 2785:funicular 2737:switching 2717:roll ways 2715:or steel 2521:São Paulo 2517:Chongqing 2513:monorails 2403:terrorism 2248:pictogram 2185:platforms 2169:schematic 2093:Newcastle 2085:Changchun 2018:Hong Kong 2010:Guangzhou 2002:Barcelona 1987:Zhengzhou 1979:Singapore 1935:Chongqing 1927:Bucharest 1834:São Paulo 1806:Hyderabad 1756:Rotterdam 1752:Nuremberg 1740:Monterrey 1736:Marseille 1705:Stockholm 1673:Amsterdam 1641:Rotterdam 1637:Pyongyang 1613:Kaohsiung 1601:Bangalore 1593:Ahmedabad 1558:Maracaibo 1534:Hiroshima 1518:Cleveland 1514:Baltimore 1456:East Asia 1295:frequency 1265:Operation 1228:Melbourne 1116:Singapore 1100:Kaohsiung 1050:Indonesia 805:The term 658:Modelling 638:Companies 623:Accidents 446:Operating 380:Rail yard 199:skytrains 195:el trains 134:, at 472. 76:verifying 8372:Casemate 8326:Stepwell 8266:Hypogeum 8256:Erdstall 8246:Dry well 8226:Borehole 8216:Basement 8200:Sinkhole 8030:Boarding 7946:Security 7919:Politics 7782:Transfer 7575:Dry dock 7565:Bus stop 7550:Bus lane 7540:Bus bulb 7519:Vactrain 7499:Robotaxi 7464:Elevator 7442:Airliner 7404:Elevator 7395:Building 7378:tricable 7358:Elevator 7272:Slugging 7114:for hire 7112:Vehicles 7045:Monorail 7015:Horsecar 6941:glossary 6762:Archived 6614:(2007). 6516:(1998). 6388:Archived 6357:Archived 6285:37100143 6196:Archived 6056:Archived 5754:Archived 5677:Archived 5673:El Mundo 5639:Archived 5613:Archived 5588:Archived 5514:22593096 5321:Archived 5296:Archived 5271:Archived 5237:Archived 5208:Archived 5154:Archived 5125:Archived 5117:"Subway" 5096:Archived 4998:Archived 4857:Archived 4792:Archived 4733:Archived 4704:Archived 4674:Archived 4643:Archived 4614:Archived 4585:Archived 4493:Archived 4468:Archived 4380:Archived 4308:Archived 4184:See also 4021:Metrô-DF 4003:and the 3994:S-trains 3895:MetroSur 3841:premetro 3695:SkyTrain 3672:Toulouse 3594:lineside 3544:engineer 3505:lighting 3476:Montreal 3464:Tashkent 3416:nautilus 3414:A giant 3333:Stations 3311:SkyTrain 3095:blasting 3055:concrete 3037:wiring, 2865:voltages 2798:or as a 2792:monorail 2781:Carmelit 2764:cities. 2761:traction 2757:inclines 2747:and the 2735:and for 2729:Montreal 2713:concrete 2364:security 2228:Internet 2118:Japanese 2050:Shenzhen 2046:Santiago 2038:New York 2014:Hangzhou 1975:Shanghai 1857:Budapest 1838:Tashkent 1782:Budapest 1748:Nanchang 1744:Montreal 1689:Helsinki 1685:Brussels 1681:Brasilia 1538:Honolulu 1417:The Loop 1392:and the 1212:premetro 1185:Budapest 1120:Malaysia 1086:Thailand 918:Scotland 881:Hochbahn 871:overhead 867:skytrain 855:elevated 851:viaducts 847:(T-bana) 705:Vactrain 495:Wheelset 312:and the 248:monorail 226:stations 207:electric 203:railways 8633:Malator 8551:Sapping 8271:Manhole 8236:Dungeon 8085:Service 7890:Headway 7854:Sleeper 7796:Routing 7771:Calypso 7767:CIPURSE 7605:Layover 7535:Airport 7437:Airline 7373:bicable 7277:Vanpool 7239:Tuk tuk 7179:Jeepney 7169:Gondola 7065:Railbus 6463:Sources 6257:Bibcode 5505:3427522 4836:Ovenden 4441:2 April 3897:of the 3867:S-Bahns 3765:Line 14 3689:as the 3552:mirrors 3526:on the 3495:, art, 3442:, from 3436:granite 3418:in red 3366:island- 3091:bedrock 3023:streets 3012:project 3005:bedrock 2989:tunnels 2922:Tunnels 2877:Fukuoka 2702:ballast 2597:tunnels 2536:of the 2172:diagram 2122:English 2062:Tianjin 2034:Nanjing 1947:Hamburg 1931:Chengdu 1923:Beijing 1919:Bangkok 1904:Glasgow 1900:Detroit 1881:Sapporo 1865:Chicago 1798:Kharkiv 1776:, e.g. 1760:Toronto 1724:Chennai 1669:Algiers 1621:Luoyang 1609:Incheon 1597:Atlanta 1546:Jakarta 1526:Gwangju 1508:, e.g. 1433:Line 10 1302:suburbs 1277:in 2012 1238:of the 1216:suburbs 1193:Glasgow 1189:Chicago 1148:in 1861 1126:History 1043:acronym 1037:and in 977:Chicago 890:Britain 815:tunnels 801:in 2009 797:of the 795:Line 10 771:in 2005 678:Suicide 663:Museums 594:History 572:History 550:Freight 352:History 292:is the 70:Please 8413:Mining 8384:(silo) 8362:Bunker 8291:Tunnel 8195:Grotto 8190:Cenote 7590:Harbor 7585:Hangar 7504:Shweeb 7209:Pesero 7164:Dolmuş 7035:Maglev 6888:Pesero 6871:driver 6824:driver 6727: 6708: 6685: 6664: 6643: 6622: 6600: 6547: 6526: 6505: 6480: 6291: 6283: 6275: 6036: 5893: 5512: 5502: 5461: 5418: 5076: 4770: 4523: 4434: 4157:Taipei 4155:, and 3972:& 3966:S-Bahn 3773:Line 4 3769:Line 1 3524:Trains 3509:safety 3484:Naples 3480:Lisbon 3456:Moscow 3444:corals 3432:marble 3420:marble 3382:skyway 3325:, and 3317:, the 3228:Moscow 3099:London 3065:, and 3047:sewers 2980:Prague 2975:Prosek 2897:Boston 2887:, and 2885:Madrid 2753:Rennes 2749:NeoVal 2671:Tracks 2572:or by 2553:Trains 2494:S-Bahn 2490:U-Bahn 2386:, and 2323:safety 2300:Taiwan 2138:brands 2130:Korean 2089:Naples 2066:Vienna 2058:Tehran 2054:Taipei 2030:Mumbai 2006:Berlin 1963:Nagoya 1959:Moscow 1955:Madrid 1951:London 1853:Boston 1826:Prague 1818:Munich 1810:Lisbon 1778:Athens 1774:Secant 1677:Bilbao 1653:Warsaw 1649:Sendai 1625:Nagpur 1605:Hohhot 1570:Sydney 1510:Almaty 1403:. The 1388:, the 1384:, the 1380:, the 1340:line 2 1289:, and 1283:cities 1247:Europe 1224:Sydney 1197:Boston 1082:subway 1039:Taiwan 951:, the 926:Subway 920:, the 894:subway 834:U-Bahn 819:subway 601:Maglev 463:Trains 300:. The 246:), or 243:maglev 179:subway 175:tunnel 8419:, and 8261:Fogou 7665:fares 7428:Other 7335:Cable 7300:Ferry 6578:(PDF) 6563:(PDF) 6441:(PDF) 6391:(PDF) 6384:(PDF) 6360:(PDF) 6353:(PDF) 6289:S2CID 6130:(PDF) 6123:(PDF) 6034:S2CID 5904:(PDF) 5887:(PDF) 4955:(PDF) 4432:S2CID 4383:(PDF) 4372:(PDF) 4343:(PDF) 4336:(PDF) 4118:roads 3883:S-tog 3822:trams 3676:Turin 3307:Miami 3063:brick 3059:steel 3039:water 3031:power 2970:Right 2450:Wi-Fi 2432:in a 2163:is a 2097:Sofia 2070:Wuhan 2042:Osaka 2026:Milan 1983:Tokyo 1971:Seoul 1967:Paris 1943:Delhi 1869:Daegu 1822:PATCO 1814:Milan 1790:Cairo 1786:Busan 1732:Lille 1728:Dubai 1693:Miami 1617:Kyoto 1566:Quito 1550:Kazan 1542:Izmir 1530:Hanoi 1522:Dhaka 1487:lines 1374:lines 1327:Lines 1321:trams 1317:buses 1084:. In 1078:lines 986:Metra 963:. In 961:Metro 937:metro 916:. In 914:Metro 896:is a 807:Metro 606:Urban 282:China 215:trams 211:buses 185:, or 159:metro 8306:Well 8185:Cave 7663:and 7620:Port 7287:Ship 7234:Taxi 7097:Tram 6928:Rail 6829:list 6725:ISBN 6706:ISBN 6683:ISBN 6662:ISBN 6641:ISBN 6620:ISBN 6598:ISBN 6545:ISBN 6524:ISBN 6503:ISBN 6478:ISBN 6281:PMID 6273:ISSN 6160:2022 6022:1677 5976:2024 5891:ISBN 5867:2011 5845:2022 5777:Wear 5621:2018 5510:PMID 5459:ISBN 5416:ISBN 5074:ISBN 4768:ISBN 4521:ISBN 4443:2023 4147:The 4140:and 4054:The 4023:and 4013:BART 3988:and 3956:and 3921:and 3614:BART 3486:and 3468:Kyiv 3466:and 3450:and 3361:hubs 3347:The 3281:and 3269:The 3143:The 3107:clay 3041:and 3033:and 2950:Left 2910:use 2723:and 2694:snow 2690:rain 2646:and 2634:and 2519:and 2500:The 2455:AMPS 2343:Fire 2337:and 2237:GTFS 2230:and 2151:The 2112:The 1873:Doha 1830:Rome 1802:Kyiv 1554:Lima 1506:Line 1483:area 1427:and 1407:and 1253:and 1251:Asia 1226:and 1210:and 1199:and 1118:and 1102:and 1016:The 906:Tube 904:and 892:, a 779:The 567:Tram 390:list 183:tube 169:. A 126:The 114:The 34:and 6819:Bus 6325:doi 6265:doi 6253:883 6026:doi 5786:doi 5782:253 5500:PMC 5492:doi 4853:CNN 4424:doi 4027:'s 4019:'s 4011:'s 3962:RER 3660:VAL 3596:or 3554:or 3530:in 3446:to 3380:or 3368:or 3283:HKU 3238:in 3214:in 3202:in 3166:in 3043:gas 2978:in 2895:in 2636:R42 2632:R38 2411:7/7 2290:on 2167:or 1969:, 1824:), 1643:, 1635:, 1431:'s 1423:'s 1342:in 1144:at 1108:MRT 1074:Two 1072:. 1058:or 1046:MRT 999:"L" 991:Met 979:'s 877:or 865:), 861:or 232:on 213:or 155:MRT 149:or 74:by 8671:: 8415:, 7769:, 6569:. 6565:. 6494:: 6443:. 6355:. 6337:^ 6321:21 6319:. 6287:. 6279:. 6271:. 6263:. 6251:. 6247:. 6211:^ 6093:. 6032:. 6020:. 5806:. 5780:. 5752:. 5731:^ 5719:^ 5700:. 5671:. 5637:. 5531:^ 5508:. 5498:. 5486:. 5482:. 5445:^ 5389:. 5319:. 5231:. 5202:. 5177:. 5140:^ 5123:. 5119:. 5050:^ 5034:. 4904:. 4880:. 4851:. 4819:^ 4807:^ 4731:. 4727:. 4702:. 4698:. 4666:. 4637:. 4612:. 4608:. 4579:. 4554:. 4491:. 4466:. 4462:. 4451:^ 4430:. 4420:23 4418:. 4414:. 4398:^ 4378:. 4374:. 4358:^ 4323:^ 4306:. 4302:. 4176:. 4136:, 4015:, 3984:, 3980:, 3976:, 3968:, 3964:, 3952:, 3948:, 3944:, 3940:, 3936:, 3929:. 3917:, 3913:, 3905:, 3901:, 3893:, 3889:, 3877:, 3873:, 3857:. 3839:A 3787:. 3711:U3 3707:U2 3570:M1 3568:, 3511:. 3503:, 3499:, 3482:, 3478:, 3474:, 3462:, 3458:, 3329:. 3321:, 3125:. 3007:. 2968:, 2952:: 2918:. 2899:. 2883:, 2879:, 2875:, 2860:. 2787:. 2692:, 2642:, 2607:. 2523:. 2382:, 2341:. 2298:, 2294:, 2211:, 2159:A 2132:). 2128:, 2124:, 2120:, 2095:, 2091:, 2087:, 2068:, 2064:, 2060:, 2056:, 2052:, 2048:, 2044:, 2040:, 2036:, 2032:, 2028:, 2024:, 2020:, 2016:, 2012:, 2008:, 2004:, 1985:, 1981:, 1977:, 1973:, 1965:, 1961:, 1957:, 1953:, 1949:, 1945:, 1941:, 1937:, 1933:, 1929:, 1925:, 1921:, 1902:, 1883:, 1879:, 1875:, 1871:, 1867:, 1863:, 1859:, 1855:, 1836:, 1832:, 1828:, 1816:, 1812:, 1808:, 1804:, 1800:, 1796:, 1792:, 1788:, 1784:, 1780:, 1758:, 1754:, 1750:, 1746:, 1742:, 1738:, 1734:, 1730:, 1726:, 1707:, 1703:, 1699:, 1695:, 1691:, 1687:, 1683:, 1679:, 1675:, 1671:, 1651:, 1647:, 1639:, 1631:, 1627:, 1623:, 1619:, 1615:, 1611:, 1607:, 1603:, 1599:, 1595:, 1576:, 1572:, 1568:, 1564:, 1560:, 1556:, 1552:, 1548:, 1544:, 1540:, 1536:, 1532:, 1528:, 1524:, 1520:, 1516:, 1512:, 1435:. 1396:. 1319:, 1285:, 1261:. 1249:, 1195:, 1191:, 1187:, 1122:. 1001:. 995:Ra 947:, 928:. 873:, 869:, 863:el 825:, 821:, 699:UK 697:, 695:NZ 693:, 691:NA 689:, 687:AU 316:. 308:, 277:. 181:, 8162:e 8155:t 8148:v 7773:) 7765:( 6795:e 6788:t 6781:v 6760:( 6733:. 6714:. 6691:. 6670:. 6649:. 6628:. 6606:. 6587:. 6553:. 6532:. 6509:. 6496:a 6486:. 6454:. 6425:. 6400:. 6369:. 6331:. 6327:: 6295:. 6267:: 6259:: 6242:2 6205:. 6162:. 6139:. 6108:. 6079:. 6065:. 6040:. 6028:: 5978:. 5956:. 5931:. 5869:. 5847:. 5792:. 5788:: 5763:. 5686:. 5648:. 5623:. 5597:. 5572:. 5516:. 5494:: 5488:9 5467:. 5424:. 5399:. 5330:. 5305:. 5280:. 5246:. 5217:. 5188:. 5163:. 5134:. 5105:. 5080:. 5044:. 4984:. 4957:. 4940:. 4915:. 4890:. 4866:. 4801:. 4776:. 4742:. 4713:. 4683:. 4652:. 4623:. 4594:. 4565:. 4540:. 4502:. 4477:. 4445:. 4426:: 4392:. 4352:. 4317:. 4084:2 3662:( 3246:) 3190:( 2302:. 1655:. 859:L 857:( 836:) 832:( 746:e 739:t 732:v 701:) 685:( 153:( 101:) 95:( 90:) 86:( 68:. 45:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index