40:
1183:
1942:
1440:
1450:
259:
600:
1954:
859:
716:
337:
publishes similar standards and requirements, such as the
Eutelsat Earth Station Standards (EESS). The Interagency Operations Advisory Group offers a Service Catalog describing standard services, Spacecraft Emergency Cross Support Standard, and
328:
In addition to the body of standards defined by the ITU-R, each major satellite operator provides technical requirements and standards that ground stations must meet in order to communicate with the operator's satellites. For example,
364:
A network of ground stations is a group of stations located to support spacecraft communication, tracking, or both. A network is established to provide dedicated support to a specific mission, function, program or organization.
292:
as the assemblage of equipment and facilities necessary to integrate an Earth terminal (ground station) into a telecommunications network. FS-1037C has since been subsumed by the ATIS Telecom
Glossary, which is maintained by the
322:
1150:
333:
publishes the
Intelsat Earth Station Standards (IESS) which, among other things, classifies ground stations by the capabilities of their parabolic antennas, and pre-approves certain antenna models.
1180:
1339:
294:
1335:
786:
903:
1182:
1580:
1901:
339:
1035:
405:
1172:
517:
189:). A spacecraft can communicate with more than one ground station at a time. A pair of ground stations are said to have a spacecraft in
1990:
1343:
1957:
1927:
818:
499:
350:
39:
1050:
877:
1922:
760:
553:
302:
1544:
541:
1020:
961:
935:
459:
318:
126:
1387:
1855:
1383:
493:
733:
129:(ITU) Radio Regulations describes various types of stationary and mobile ground stations, and their interrelationships.
1945:
634:
529:
1585:
1486:
1076:
523:
1089:
98:, or in its atmosphere. Earth stations communicate with spacecraft by transmitting and receiving radio waves in the
577:
17:
1985:
1359:
1327:
1165:
285:
1311:
1279:
1227:
114:). When a ground station successfully transmits radio waves to a spacecraft (or vice versa), it establishes a
1809:
298:
1906:
1630:
1371:
1319:
1315:
547:
424:
1682:
1443:
1119:
793:
179:
When a spacecraft or satellite is within a ground station's line of sight, the station is said to have a
986:
665:
244:
1355:
1323:
1307:
1291:
1219:
1158:
910:
583:
471:
417:
321:, codifies international standards agreed-upon through multinational discourse. From 1927 to 1932, the
218:
31:
1108:
Proceedings of the
International Conference on Paradigms of Computing, Communication and Data Sciences
250:
In May 1984, the Dallas/Fort Worth
Teleport became the first American teleport to commence operation.
1834:
1534:
1519:
1379:
1259:
936:"Earth Station Minimum Technical and Operational Requirements (Standard M, EESS 502 Issue 11 Rev. 1)"
430:
392:
375:
372:
194:
91:
1980:
1850:
1539:
1495:
1453:
1427:
145:
103:
1590:
1524:
1351:
535:
387:
115:
1789:
1769:
1595:
1407:
1299:
639:
559:
281:
270:
1829:
1104:
1865:
1479:
1347:
1191:
1066:
822:
1644:
1509:
1419:
1331:
1303:
1287:
1235:
1231:
1139:
680:
624:
505:
99:
8:
1885:
1698:
1620:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1215:
619:
511:
474:
442:
240:
161:
565:
1403:
1275:
1251:
1243:
881:
844:
701:
649:
605:
571:
382:
185:
43:
764:
125:
Ground stations may have either a fixed or itinerant position. Article 1 § III of the
1604:
1449:
1411:
1072:
1016:
119:
75:
1870:
1549:
1472:
1295:
1008:
236:
214:
965:
939:
213:— is a satellite ground station that functions as a hub connecting a satellite or
1744:
1640:
1615:
1610:
1514:
1395:
1012:
670:
660:
655:
1600:
1415:
1000:
629:
349:) innovation was conceived and developed by Joseph Milano in 1976 as part of a
266:
263:
83:
355:
Telecommunications for
Metropolitan Areas: Near-Term Needs and Opportunities".
1974:
1880:
1799:
1570:
1391:
1367:
1223:
1187:
863:
737:
720:
149:
71:
1036:
SKY Perfect JSAT and KSAT to jointly provide ground station services to JAXA
1784:
1708:
1464:
1375:
1283:
1271:
1247:
1239:
614:
274:
229:
107:
1794:
1728:
1423:
644:
479:
153:
87:
1105:
Design and
Development of Automated Groundstation System for Beliefsat-1
1759:
1399:
79:
904:"Intelsat Earth Station Standards (IESS) – Document IESS–207 (Rev. 4)"
1713:
466:
258:
157:
141:
118:. A principal telecommunications device of the ground station is the
111:
51:
880:. Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions. Archived from
763:. Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions. Archived from
486:
1814:
1779:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1749:
1677:
1625:
334:
330:
222:
734:"ITU Radio Regulations – Article 1, Definitions of Radio Services"
325:
administered standards and regulations now governed by the ITU-R.
1819:
1804:
1723:
1703:
1672:
1662:
862:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
719:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
675:
448:
399:
1145:
1135:
1875:
1824:
1718:
1667:
1652:
1575:
1565:
233:
94:. Ground stations may be located either on the surface of the
30:
For stations controlling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), see
1860:
1657:
1363:
652:, the period in which a spacecraft is above the local horizon
314:
95:
1340:
Satellite emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station
1090:
AWS completes six ground stations, changes rollout strategy
411:
232:
services among other telecommunications functions, such as
160:
data, or that follows space missions, or satellites not in
47:
27:
Terrestrial radio station for communication with spacecraft
1051:
NorthBase joins RBC Signals
Network for global cooperation
875:
758:
876:
Underkoffler, C.; Webster, A.; Colombo, A., eds. (2007).
759:
Underkoffler, C.; Webster, A.; Colombo, A., eds. (2007).
1103:
R. Sante, J. Bhosale, S. Bhosle, P. Jangam et al (2023)
736:. International Telecommunication Union. Archived from
308:
595:
193:
when the stations share simultaneous, unobstructed,
1007:. Springer Aerospace Technology. pp. 181–196.
295:Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions
1336:Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station
1138:, a corporate directory of commercial teleports,
845:"Federal Standard 1037C - Earth terminal complex"
487:Major Earth stations and Earth terminal complexes
1972:
878:"ATIS Telecom Glossary - Earth terminal complex"
148:. Other ground stations communicate with crewed
1068:The Rise of Private Actors in the Space Sector
323:International Consultative Committee for Radio
1902:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
1480:
1166:
340:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
297:(ATIS), an international, business-oriented,
1494:
406:ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network
518:Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex
418:China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control
253:
156:. A ground station that primarily receives
86:of the spacecraft system), or reception of
1487:
1473:
1344:Standard frequency and time signal station
1173:
1159:
200:
1928:List of communication satellite companies
500:Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
455:Other historical networks have included:
436:RBC Signals Global Ground Station Network
702:"Federal Standard 1037C - Earth Station"
257:
38:
1923:List of communications satellite firsts
909:. Eutelsat. 10 May 2005. Archived from
847:. General Services Administration. 1996
704:. General Services Administration. 1996
554:Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex
414:Near-Earth Tracking and Control Network
303:Telecommunications Industry Association
14:
1973:
1805:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
542:Kaena Point Satellite Tracking Station
1468:
1154:
460:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
319:International Telecommunication Union
127:International Telecommunication Union
1953:
998:
666:Satellite geodesy#Satellite tracking
433:(SSC) CONNECT ground station network
1186:
494:Bukit Timah Satellite Earth Station
305:also acknowledges this definition.
24:
635:List of astronomical observatories
530:Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station
345:The Teleport (originally called a
309:Satellite communications standards
25:
2002:
1991:Telecommunications infrastructure
1586:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
1129:
524:Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station
439:Leaf Space ground station network
368:Ground station networks include:
347:Telecommunications Satellite Park
140:are used to telecommunicate with
1952:
1941:
1940:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1181:
857:
714:
598:
578:SUPARCO Satellite Ground Station
1380:Instrument landing system (ILS)
1328:Radio direction-finding station
1190:and systems in accordance with
1112:
1097:
1082:
1059:
1044:
1029:
992:
980:
954:
286:General Services Administration
1312:Radionavigation mobile station
1280:On-board communication station
1228:High altitude platform station
1120:TRANET Doppler Tracking System
928:
896:
869:
837:
811:
779:
761:"ATIS Telecom Glossary - View"
752:
726:
694:
462:(SAO) Optical Tracking Network
228:Teleports may provide various
13:
1:
962:"Eutelsat Approved Equipment"
687:
538:(abandoned), California, U.S.
315:ITU Radiocommunication Sector
299:non-governmental organization
1907:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
1631:Very-small-aperture terminal
1360:Ship's emergency transmitter
1320:Radiolocation mobile station
1316:Radionavigation land station
1013:10.1007/978-3-030-88593-9_10
548:Madley Communications Centre
425:Kongsberg Satellite Services
74:designed for extraplanetary
7:
1683:Digital audio radio service
1591:Motor-driven Satellite dish
1065:Vernile, Alessandra (2018)
591:
359:
317:(ITU-R), a division of the
217:network with a terrestrial
138:satellite tracking stations
10:
2007:
1356:Experimental radio station
1324:Radiolocation land station
1308:Radiodetermination station
1292:Aeronautical earth station
1146:World Teleport Association
964:. Eutelsat. Archived from
938:. Eutelsat. Archived from
584:Svalbard Satellite Station
472:Applied Physics Laboratory
219:telecommunications network
92:astronomical radio sources
82:(constituting part of the
32:UAV ground control station
29:
1936:
1915:
1894:
1843:
1738:Relay satellite companies
1737:
1691:
1639:
1558:
1535:High-throughput satellite
1520:Satellite Internet access
1502:
1434:
1260:Land mobile earth station
1198:
431:Swedish Space Corporation
398:European Space Tracking (
376:Satellite Control Network
373:United States Space Force
351:National Research Council
146:communications satellites
1496:Satellite communications
1428:Emergency locator beacon
1001:"Ground Station Network"
475:Transit Network (Tranet)
254:Earth terminal complexes
134:satellite Earth stations
104:extremely high frequency
1844:Satellite manufacturers
1352:Radio astronomy station
1039:Arctic Business Journal
536:Jamesburg Earth Station
388:NASA Deep Space Network
207:telecommunications port
201:Telecommunications port
183:of the spacecraft (see
166:ground tracking station
116:telecommunications link
1986:Satellite broadcasting
1300:Aircraft earth station
1220:Survival craft station
640:Mission control center
560:Makarios Earth Station
445:Ground Station network
290:Earth terminal complex
282:Federal Standard 1037C
277:
271:Level 3 Communications
170:space tracking station
55:
50:, receiving data from
1192:ITU Radio Regulations
1118:Dunnell, C.A. (1967)
1005:Spacecraft Operations
999:Gnat, Marcin (2022).
261:
209:— or, more commonly,
197:with the spacecraft.
195:line-of-sight contact
54:mission back to Earth
42:
1510:Satellite television
1420:Multi-satellite link
1376:Radar beacon (racon)
1332:Radio beacon station
1304:Broadcasting station
1288:Aeronautical station
1236:Mobile earth station
1140:satellite television
1088:Henry, Caleb (2020)
819:"Satellite Teleport"
681:Test loop translator
625:Geosynchronous orbit
506:Esrange Space Center
284:, the United States
100:super high frequency
46:pointing toward the
1895:Trade organizations
1886:Thales Alenia Space
1699:Astra Digital Radio
1692:Broadcast companies
1621:Satellite data unit
1268:Coast earth station
1256:Land mobile station
1208:Terrestrial station
968:on 17 November 2008
942:on 28 February 2009
620:Fundamental station
532:(closed), Australia
512:Fucino Space Centre
443:Amazon Web Services
162:geostationary orbit
1714:Sirius XM Holdings
1605:Parabolic antennas
1276:Ship earth station
1252:Base earth station
1244:Land earth station
916:on 17 October 2006
650:Pass (spaceflight)
606:Spaceflight portal
572:New Norcia Station
520:, California, U.S.
383:Near Space Network
278:
215:geocentric orbital
56:
44:Parkes Observatory
1968:
1967:
1525:Amateur satellite
1462:
1461:
1412:Satellite network
1142:operators, et al.
1136:UplinkStation.com
1022:978-3-030-88592-2
269:(manufactured by
237:computer programs
120:parabolic antenna
76:telecommunication
70:is a terrestrial
16:(Redirected from
1998:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1871:Northrop Grumman
1550:Carriage dispute
1489:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1408:Satellite system
1296:Aircraft station
1203:
1185:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1026:
996:
990:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
932:
926:
925:
923:
921:
915:
908:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
873:
867:
861:
860:
856:
854:
852:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
821:. Archived from
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
798:
792:. Archived from
791:
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
740:on 30 April 2009
730:
724:
718:
717:
713:
711:
709:
698:
608:
603:
602:
601:
566:Malargüe Station
395:tracking network
353:study entitled,
342:data standards.
247:to a satellite.
174:tracking station
21:
18:Tracking station
2006:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1981:Ground stations
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1932:
1911:
1890:
1866:Lockheed Martin
1839:
1745:AST SpaceMobile
1733:
1687:
1641:Satellite radio
1635:
1616:Satellite modem
1611:Satellite phone
1596:Multi-satellite
1554:
1540:Relay satellite
1515:Satellite radio
1498:
1493:
1463:
1458:
1430:
1396:Radio altimeter
1372:Secondary radar
1348:Amateur station
1201:
1199:
1194:
1179:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1102:
1098:
1087:
1083:
1064:
1060:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1030:
1023:
997:
993:
987:Service Catalog
985:
981:
971:
969:
960:
959:
955:
945:
943:
934:
933:
929:
919:
917:
913:
906:
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
884:on 10 July 2010
874:
870:
858:
850:
848:
843:
842:
838:
828:
826:
825:on 5 March 2009
817:
816:
812:
802:
800:
799:on 16 July 2011
796:
789:
785:
784:
780:
770:
768:
757:
753:
743:
741:
732:
731:
727:
715:
707:
705:
700:
699:
695:
690:
685:
671:Satellite truck
661:Radio telescope
656:Radio astronomy
604:
599:
597:
594:
589:
489:
362:
311:
256:
203:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1601:Satellite dish
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Ground station
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1416:Satellite link
1414: |
1388:ILS glide path
1318: |
1232:Mobile station
1206:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1188:Radio stations
1178:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1131:
1130:External links
1128:
1125:
1124:
1111:
1096:
1081:
1058:
1043:
1028:
1021:
991:
979:
953:
927:
895:
868:
836:
810:
778:
767:on 6 June 2011
751:
725:
692:
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
647:
642:
637:
632:
630:Ground segment
627:
622:
617:
611:
610:
609:
593:
590:
588:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
544:, Hawaii, U.S.
539:
533:
527:
521:
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509:
503:
497:
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488:
485:
484:
483:
477:
469:
463:
453:
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446:
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428:
421:
415:
409:
403:
396:
390:
385:
379:
361:
358:
310:
307:
267:satellite dish
255:
252:
221:, such as the
202:
199:
172:, or simply a
164:, is called a
150:space stations
84:ground segment
68:Earth terminal
60:ground station
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2003:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1939:
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1935:
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1926:
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1905:
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1900:
1899:
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1869:
1867:
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1859:
1857:
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1833:
1831:
1828:
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1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
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1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
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1694:
1690:
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1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
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1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
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1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:Monoblock LNB
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:Main articles
1501:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
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1467:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426: |
1425:
1422: |
1421:
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1958:
1946:
1785:Intersputnik
1709:Dish Network
1529:
1404:Space system
1284:Port station
1272:Ship station
1248:Base station
1240:Land station
1211:
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1056:, 2023/12/13
1053:
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982:
970:. Retrieved
966:the original
956:
944:. Retrieved
940:the original
930:
918:. Retrieved
911:the original
898:
886:. Retrieved
882:the original
871:
849:. Retrieved
839:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
813:
801:. Retrieved
794:the original
781:
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
754:
742:. Retrieved
738:the original
728:
706:. Retrieved
696:
615:Antenna farm
454:
367:
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346:
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327:
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275:Boise, Idaho
249:
230:broadcasting
227:
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184:
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154:space probes
152:or uncrewed
137:
133:
132:Specialized
131:
124:
67:
63:
59:
57:
36:
1795:SED Systems
1729:1worldspace
1545:Transponder
1424:Feeder link
645:Observatory
574:, Australia
568:, Argentina
502:, Australia
496:, Singapore
480:Interkosmos
288:defined an
239:or issuing
191:mutual view
88:radio waves
1975:Categories
1760:Globalstar
1400:Radiosonde
787:"Glossary"
688:References
580:, Pakistan
144:— chiefly
142:satellites
112:microwaves
80:spacecraft
1566:SAT>IP
1093:SpaceNews
1071:Springer
467:Minitrack
402:) network
234:uploading
158:telemetry
102:(SHF) or
52:Apollo 11
1947:Category
1815:Starlink
1810:Star One
1780:Intelsat
1775:Inmarsat
1765:Hispasat
1755:Eutelsat
1750:EchoStar
1626:Spacebus
1559:Hardware
1444:Category
989:IOAG.org
972:22 April
946:22 April
920:22 April
888:22 April
851:22 April
829:25 April
803:25 April
771:22 April
744:23 April
708:23 April
592:See also
586:, Norway
562:, Cyprus
508:, Sweden
408:(ISTRAC)
360:Networks
335:Eutelsat
331:Intelsat
243:over an
241:commands
223:Internet
211:teleport
1959:Commons
1830:Turksat
1820:Telesat
1790:Iridium
1724:Allente
1704:DirecTV
1678:ISDB-S3
1673:DVB-S2X
1663:DVB-RCS
1200:desig-
1054:SatNews
676:SatNOGS
556:, Spain
514:, Italy
482:network
451:Network
449:SatNOGS
423:Norway
400:ESTRACK
1876:SpaceX
1856:Boeing
1851:Airbus
1835:Viasat
1825:Tooway
1770:Hughes
1719:Sky UK
1668:DVB-S2
1653:DVB-SH
1576:DiSEqC
1454:Portal
1202:nation
1075:
1041:, 2023
1019:
427:(KSAT)
420:(CLTC)
393:Russia
301:. The
264:Tier-1
245:uplink
110:(e.g.
106:(EHF)
1916:Lists
1861:INVAP
1658:S-DMB
1581:USALS
1364:Radar
1079:pg 68
914:(PDF)
907:(PDF)
797:(PDF)
790:(PDF)
381:NASA
378:(SCN)
273:) in
168:, or
108:bands
96:Earth
90:from
78:with
66:, or
1073:ISBN
1017:ISBN
974:2009
948:2009
922:2009
890:2009
853:2009
831:2009
805:2009
773:2009
746:2009
710:2009
550:, UK
526:, UK
412:JAXA
313:The
186:pass
181:view
48:Moon
1881:SSL
1800:SES
1122:APL
1009:doi
465:US
280:In
136:or
1977::
1645:TV
1643:/
1015:.
1003:.
262:A
225:.
205:A
176:.
122:.
62:,
58:A
1607:)
1603:(
1488:e
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807:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
