2447:
27:
2542:
2645:
1870:
2101:, and interfere with their functioning". Symptoms and effects can vary according to the metal or metal compound, and the dose involved. Broadly, long-term exposure to toxic heavy metals can have carcinogenic, central and peripheral nervous system, and circulatory effects. For humans, typical presentations associated with exposure to any of the "classical" toxic heavy metals, or chromium (another toxic heavy metal) or arsenic (a metalloid), are shown in the table.
7244:
6286:
2714:
2353:
7268:
7256:
2784:
2344:. They noted an "absence of investigation" and were reduced to "the necessity of pleading for the collection of data". In 1884, Blake described an apparent connection between toxicity and the atomic weight of an element. The following sections provide historical thumbnails for the "classical" toxic heavy metals (arsenic, mercury and lead) and some more recent examples (chromium and cadmium).
2420:(64–50 BCE – c. AD 24?), a Greek geographer and historian, wrote that only slaves were employed in realgar and orpiment mines since they would inevitably die from the toxic effects of the fumes given off from the ores. Arsenic-contaminated beer poisoned over 6,000 people in the Manchester area of England in 1900, and is thought to have killed at least 70 victims.
2838:(calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate) that convert heavy metals to chemically inert forms that can be excreted without further interaction with the body. Chelates are not without side effects and can also remove beneficial metals from the body. Vitamin and mineral supplements are sometimes co-administered for this reason
2068:. Motor vehicle emissions are a major source of airborne contaminants including arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, antimony, vanadium, zinc, platinum, palladium and rhodium. Water sources (groundwater, lakes, streams and rivers) can be polluted by heavy metals leaching from industrial and consumer waste;
2736:. The origin of these symptoms was not clear; possibilities raised at the time included "a regional or bacterial disease or lead poisoning". In 1955, cadmium was identified as the likely cause and in 1961 the source was directly linked to mining operations in the area. In February 2010, cadmium was found in
2517:. More than 21,000 people filed claims with the Japanese government, of which almost 3000 became certified as having the disease. In 22 documented cases, pregnant women who consumed contaminated fish showed mild or no symptoms but gave birth to infants with severe developmental disabilities. Since the
2636:, Australia, reached a level over 50 times the prescribed national drinking water guidelines. The source of the contamination was attributed to "a combination of dilapidated drinking water infrastructure, including lead jointed pipelines, end-of-life polyvinyl chloride pipes and household plumbing".
114:
is both meaningless and misleading". The IUPAC report focuses on the legal and toxicological implications of describing "heavy metals" as toxins when there is no scientific evidence to support a connection. The density implied by the adjective "heavy" has almost no biological consequences and pure
2042:
during the 1930s–1970s. Lead levels in the aquatic environments of industrialised societies have been estimated to be two to three times those of pre-industrial levels. Although the use of leaded gasoline was largely phased out in North
America by 1996, soils next to roads built before this time
93:
These toxic elements are found naturally in the earth. They become concentrated as a result of human caused activities and can enter plant and animal (including human) tissues via inhalation, diet, and manual handling. Then, they can bind to and interfere with the functioning of vital cellular
2072:
can exacerbate this process by releasing heavy metals trapped in soils. Transport through soil can be facilitated by the presence of preferential flow paths (macropores) and dissolved organic compounds. Plants are exposed to heavy metals through the uptake of water; animals eat these plants;
2331:
The toxic effects of arsenic, mercury and lead were known to the ancients but methodical studies of the overall toxicity of heavy metals appear to date from only 1868. In that year, Wanklyn and
Chapman speculated on the adverse effects of the heavy metals "arsenic, lead, copper, zinc,
2073:
ingestion of plant- and animal-based foods are the largest sources of heavy metals in humans. Absorption through skin contact, for example from contact with soil, or metal containing toys and jewelry, is another potential source of heavy metal contamination. Toxic heavy metals can
2705:. The town was only notified three days after the release and the accident sparked a major public controversy, with Orica criticised for playing down the extent and possible risks of the leak, and the state Government attacked for their slow response to the incident.
1860:
Elements that are nutritionally essential for animal or plant life but which are considered toxic metals in high doses or other forms include cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn).
94:
components. The toxic effects of arsenic, mercury, and lead were known to the ancients, but methodical studies of the toxicity of some heavy metals appear to date from only 1868. In humans, heavy metal poisoning is generally treated by the administration of
1880:
Toxic metals are found naturally in the earth, and become concentrated as a result of human activities, or, in some cases geochemical processes, such as accumulation in peat soils that are then released when drained for agriculture. Common sources are
2883:, in small quantities, for human health. These elements include vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium and molybdenum. A deficiency of these essential metals may increase susceptibility to heavy metal poisoning.
2870:
is an on or off-site process that uses chemicals, high-temperature volatization, or electrolysis to extract contaminants from soils. The process or processes used will vary according to contaminant and the characteristics of the site.
1981:, color enhancer, or anti-corrosive agent. Cadmium is sometimes employed as a stabilizer, or to increase the mass and luster of toy jewelry. Arsenic is thought to be used in connection with coloring dyes. Regular imbibers of
2694:, occurred amongst 60 automobile factory workers in England. The workers had been wet-sanding chromate-based primer paint that had been applied to car bodies. In Australia, chromium was released from the
2063:
Heavy metals enter plant, animal and human tissues via air inhalation, diet, and manual handling. Welding, galvanizing, brazing, and soldering exposes workers to fumes that may be inhaled and result in
4513:
Finch LE, Hillyer MM, Leopold MC (2015). "Quantitative
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Children's Toys and Jewelry: A Multi-Instrument Multitechnique Exercise in Analytical Chemistry and Public Health".
2428:. Its source was traced to flaking arsenic-laden paint on the ceiling of her bedroom. She may also have eaten food contaminated by arsenic in flaking ceiling paint in the embassy dining room.
46:, in 2008. The river water was contaminated with toxic metals including arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and thallium. Cleanup costs may exceed $ 1.2 billion.
4664:
Harvey PJ, Handley HK, Taylor MP (April 2015). "Identification of the sources of metal (lead) contamination in drinking waters in north-eastern
Tasmania using lead isotopic compositions".
7303:
5524:"Fear In The Fields -- How Hazardous Wastes Become Fertilizer -- Spreading Heavy Metals On Farmland Is Perfectly Legal, But Little Research Has Been Done To Find Out Whether It's Safe"
5626:
2846:
Soils contaminated by heavy metals can be remediated by one or more of the following technologies: isolation; immobilization; toxicity reduction; physical separation; or extraction.
2886:
Selenium is the most toxic of the heavy metals that are essential for mammals. Selenium is normally excreted and only becomes toxic when the intake exceeds the excretory capacity.
2493:"), as mercury-based compounds were once used in the manufacture of felt hats in the 18th and 19th century. Historically, gold amalgam (an alloy with mercury) was widely used in
5117:
Pezzarossa B, Gorini F, Petruzelli G (2011). "Heavy Metal and
Selenium Distribution and Bioavailability in Contaminated Sites: A Tool for Phytoremediation". In Selim HM (ed.).
2620:
estimated that lead poisoning resulted in 143,000 deaths, and "contribute to 600,000 new cases of children with intellectual disabilities", each year. In the U.S. city of
2505:
poisoning occurred in several places in Japan during the 1950s due to industrial discharges of mercury into rivers and coastal waters. The best-known instances were in
3966:
Balasubramanian R, He J, Wang LK (2009). "Control, Management, and
Treatment of Metal Emissions from Motor Vehicles". In Wang LK, Chen JP, Hung YT, Shammas NK (eds.).
4960:
Newman D (1890). "A Case of Adeno-carcinoma of the Left
Inferior Turbinated Body, and Perforation of the Nasal Septum, in the Person of a Worker in Chrome Pigments".
4738:
Hillman AL, Abbot MB, Yu JQ, Bain DJ, Chiou-Peng TH (2015). "Environmental Legacy of Copper
Metallurgy and Mongol Silver Smelting Recorded in Yunnan Lake Sediments".
1977:
floating in the world's oceans. Arsenic, cadmium and lead may be present in children's toys at levels that exceed regulatory standards. Lead can be used in toys as a
2732:, as a byproduct of mining operations. Residents in the surrounding area subsequently consumed rice grown in cadmium-contaminated irrigation water. They experienced
7211:
5237:
Qureshi S, Richards BK, McBride MB, Baveye P, Steenhuis TS (2003). "Temperature and
Microbial Activity Effects on Trace Element Leaching from Metalliferous Peats".
5686:
119:
uses "toxic metal" not "heavy metals". Nevertheless many scientific and science related articles continue to use "heavy metal" as a term for toxic substances.
4208:
Camobreco VJ, Richards BK, Steenhuis TS, Peverly JH, McBride MB (November 1996). "Movement of heavy metals through undisturbed and homogenized soil columns".
115:
metals are rarely the biologically active substance. This characterization has been echoed by numerous reviews. The most widely used toxicology textbook,
2000:
The geographical extent of sources may be very large. For example, up to one-sixth of China's arable land might be affected by heavy metal contamination.
6636:
107:
2051:
used in firearms) gradually accumulates at firearms training grounds, contaminating the local environment and exposing range employees to a risk of
6323:
5869:
2905:
992:
Metals with multiple toxic effects include arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni).
35:
5732:
5720:
3927:"What are heavy metals? Long-standing controversy over the scientific use of the term 'heavy metals' – proposal of a comprehensive definition"
7310:
2589:, reported, "water is much more wholesome from earthenware pipes than from lead pipes. For it seems to be made injurious by lead, because
5809:
5218:
Qu C, Ma Z, Yang J, Lie Y, Bi J, Huang L (2014). "Human
Exposure Pathways of Heavy Metal in a Lead-Zinc Mining Area". In Asrari E (ed.).
7182:
6175:
5744:
4237:
Chowdhury BA, Chandra RK (1987). "Biological and health implications of toxic heavy metal and essential trace element interactions".
5418:
2601:
region exceeded contamination levels from modern mining activities by nearly four times. In the 17th and 18th centuries, people in
5043:
4975:"The replacement of the nondescript term 'heavy metals' by a biologically and chemically significant classification of metal ions"
2748:
confirmed the original results. In June 2010 cadmium was detected in the paint used on promotional drinking glasses for the movie
5312:
Rogers MJ (2000). "Text and Illustrations. Dioscorides and the Illuminated Herbal in the Arab Tradition". In Contadini A (ed.).
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4919:
4809:
5884:
5710:
5382:
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4142:
3915:
994:
126:
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who is thought to have lived in the 1st century CE, wrote that lead "makes the mind give way". Lead was used extensively in
6316:
5781:
5336:
2429:
4258:
Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2011). "Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review".
2678:
have been known since at least the late 19th century. In 1890, Newman described the elevated cancer risk of workers in a
7720:
6170:
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5554:
5363:
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5283:
5195:
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5321:
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1965:
in rural area; contaminated ventilation system; food contaminated by the environment or by the packaging; armaments;
7272:
7067:
7501:
6309:
6130:
6100:
6070:
5844:
2866:
involves the removal of the contaminated soil and the separation of the metal contaminants by mechanical means.
2850:
involves the use of caps, membranes or below-ground barriers in an attempt to quarantine the contaminated soil.
7396:
6885:
6880:
5006:
Nielen MW, Marvin HJ (2008). "Challenges in Chemical Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis". In Picó Y (ed.).
98:. Some elements otherwise regarded as toxic heavy metals are essential, in small quantities, for human health.
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explosives plant on August 8, 2011. Up to 20 workers at the plant were exposed as were 70 nearby homes in
7260:
6875:
6045:
2725:
2481:
pills that were intended to give him eternal life. The phrase "mad as a hatter" is likely a reference to
2254:
2202:
7699:
6994:
6613:
6185:
5952:
5537:"Potential Ecological Risk due to Acidification of Heavy Industrialized Areas — The Upper Silesia Case"
2900:
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1985:
may be exposed to arsenic or lead poisoning the source of which is arsenic-contaminated lead used to
79:
5724:
4504:
3999:
2497:, leading to numerous casualties among the workers. It is estimated that during the construction of
7142:
7063:
6865:
5874:
5774:
4032:
Bánfalvi G (2011). "Heavy Metals, Trace Elements and their Cellular Effects". In Bánfalvi G (ed.).
7192:
6813:
6723:
6527:
6145:
6085:
6012:
5854:
2854:
aims to alter the properties of the soil so as to hinder the mobility of the heavy contaminants.
5665:
National Research Council (US), Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants (1974).
5546:
5540:
4974:
7566:
6537:
6002:
5997:
5962:
5649:
4499:
4463:
3994:
2825:
1978:
5293:
Rand GM, Wells PG, McCarty LS (1995). "Introduction to aquatic toxicology". In Rand GM (ed.).
4041:
7506:
7381:
6860:
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6743:
5220:
Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil: Analysis, assessment, and remediation strategies
2518:
1966:
1962:
20:
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jewelry. Wal-Mart continued to sell the jewelry until May, when covert testing organised by
2674:
metal are not considered a health hazard, while the toxicity and carcinogenic properties of
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4217:
4165:
3938:
2570:
4872:
Introduction to Environmental Toxicology: Molecular Substructures to Ecological Landscapes
4645:
Haines AT, Nieboer E (1988). "Chromium hypersensitivity". In Nriagu JO, Nieboer E (eds.).
4494:
Evanko CA, Dzombak DA (1997). "Remediation of Metals-Contaminated Soils and Groundwater".
4324:
Davidson PW, Myers GJ, Weiss B (2004). "Mercury exposure and child development outcomes".
3985:
Baldwin DR, Marshall WJ (1999). "Heavy metal poisoning and its laboratory investigation".
8:
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2750:
2628:. The source of the contamination has been attributed to "corrosion in the lead and iron
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4722:
4677:
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4349:
4154:"Heavy Metal Sulphide Deposits and Geochemical Surveys for Heavy Metals in New Zealand"
4114:
4089:
4020:
2724:
exposure is a phenomenon of the early 20th century, and onwards. In Japan in 1910, the
2648:
2632:
to city residents". In 2015, the lead concentration of drinking water in north-eastern
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2490:
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5340:
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4906:
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3911:
2772:
2733:
2656:
2629:
2482:
2478:
2425:
2281:
2249:
2160:
2132:
2090:
1950:
1906:
1890:
1576:
708:
71:
6776:
6301:
5618:
5090:
4701:
4454:
4279:
4024:
2446:
26:
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6556:
6451:
6206:
6165:
6150:
6050:
6030:
5596:
5470:
5462:
5405:
5354:
Sengupta AK (2002). "Principles of Heavy Metals Separation". In Sengupta AK (ed.).
5295:
Fundamentals Of Aquatic Toxicology: Effects, Environmental Fate And Risk Assessment
5254:
5166:
5068:
4986:
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4848:
4840:
4755:
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2859:
2745:
2514:
2454:
2310:
2296:
2065:
1994:
1970:
1886:
5136:
Poovey B (15 September 2001). "Trial Starts on Damage Lawsuits in TVA Ash Spill".
3950:
7689:
7581:
7521:
7486:
7371:
7356:
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6738:
6658:
6456:
6438:
6241:
6115:
5829:
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4890:
4132:
3172:
2880:
2682:
dye company. Chromate-induced dermatitis was reported in aircraft workers during
2621:
2593:
is produced by it, and this is said to be harmful to the human body." During the
2578:
2441:
2359:, a toxic arsenic mineral used in the tanning industry to remove hair from hides.
2074:
2004:
1902:
1873:
4567:
7633:
7628:
7613:
7601:
7157:
7130:
7053:
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6408:
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6201:
6140:
6035:
5967:
5909:
5894:
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5409:
5170:
4008:
2915:
2819:
In humans, heavy metal poisoning is generally treated by the administration of
2610:
2541:
2341:
2314:
2219:
2214:
2052:
2048:
2044:
63:
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2729:
7714:
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6916:
6838:
6686:
6471:
6428:
6344:
5924:
5849:
5178:
4998:
4910:
4604:"Bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Sb in Toys and Low-Cost Jewelry"
4337:
3987:
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine
3958:
3304:
2667:
2597:
period in China (1271−1368 AD), lead pollution due to silver smelting in the
2582:
2502:
2474:
1974:
1929:; illegal depositing of construction and demolition waste; open top roll-off
1746:
878:
7638:
6532:
4892:
Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline: Worldwide Experience and Policy Implications
4445:
4428:
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4585:
4345:
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4080:
4016:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2513:. In Minamata alone, more than 600 people died due to what became known as
2192:
2147:
2098:
1938:
1788:
1655:
1429:
920:
787:
561:
59:
5484:
4250:
4090:"On the Connection Between Physiological Action and Chemical Constitution"
4072:
3893:"Heavy Metal Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
3808:
2858:
attempts to oxidise or reduce the toxic heavy metal ions, via chemical or
1869:
7559:
7496:
7121:
7085:
7046:
7032:
6959:
6931:
6390:
6261:
6256:
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6095:
5992:
5899:
5258:
4844:
4544:"A Rationale for Lowering the Blood Lead Action Level from 10 to 2 μg/dL"
2910:
2741:
2606:
2274:
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2143:
2137:
1910:
1830:
1802:
1795:
1725:
1711:
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962:
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927:
857:
843:
836:
39:
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5648:
5495:
Water-analysis: A Practical Treatise on the Examination of Potable Water
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2985:
2983:
82:'s list of 10 chemicals of major public concern. Other examples include
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alone, 60 workers died from the gilding of the main dome. Outbreaks of
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2301:
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1990:
1958:
1926:
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1837:
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447:
440:
241:
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5056:
4759:
4628:
4603:
4534:
2713:
2003:
Lead is the most prevalent heavy metal contaminant. As a component of
1973:
recycling yard; treated woods; aging water supply infrastructure; and
1876:
is one of the most significant heavy metal contaminants in recent use.
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were known to the ancients. In the 2nd century BC the Greek botanist
2337:
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1982:
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568:
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510:
468:
454:
426:
408:
364:
315:
271:
227:
218:
158:
95:
43:
4794:"Trace metal distribution in feathers from migratory, pelagic birds"
3280:
3007:
19:"Heavy metal poisoning" redirects here. For the 1983 Styx song, see
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7423:
7095:
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7013:
7003:
6921:
6595:
6339:
5987:
5879:
5814:
5705:(21st ed.). The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 1985.
5375:
Novel Biomaterials: Decontamination of Toxic Metals from Wastewater
3796:
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2687:
2671:
2633:
2558:
2522:
2506:
2486:
2392:
2356:
2352:
2306:
2173:
2165:
2039:
1946:
1942:
1930:
1809:
1732:
1641:
1627:
1611:
1604:
1583:
1562:
1534:
1527:
1513:
1457:
1450:
1371:
1269:
1246:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1123:
1063:
1049:
1001:
941:
864:
773:
759:
743:
736:
715:
694:
666:
659:
645:
589:
582:
503:
401:
378:
308:
301:
294:
287:
255:
195:
181:
133:
83:
3520:
3208:
3150:
3148:
7539:
7216:
7125:
6842:
6487:
5914:
4207:
3820:
3736:
3310:
2737:
2721:
2660:
2526:
2494:
2466:
2367:
2363:
2094:
1934:
1922:
1774:
1767:
1753:
1718:
1662:
1648:
1597:
1555:
1541:
1520:
1499:
1485:
1471:
1401:
1350:
1329:
1301:
1287:
1260:
1253:
1239:
1225:
1146:
1102:
1019:
906:
899:
885:
850:
794:
780:
729:
687:
673:
652:
631:
617:
603:
533:
482:
461:
433:
419:
392:
385:
371:
357:
278:
234:
151:
67:
31:
7215:
is generally non-toxic metal, but in large doses it can lead to
4920:"McDonald's Recall: 'Shrek' Glasses Contain Toxic Metal Cadmium"
3292:
2424:, American ambassador to Italy from 1953 to 1956, suffered from
7455:
7431:
7415:
7406:
7212:
7008:
6969:
6357:
5929:
5919:
5356:
Environmental Separation of Heavy Metals: Engineering Processes
5314:
Arab Painting: Text and Image in Illustrated Arabic Manuscripts
4595:
Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons 5
3400:
3316:
3244:
3184:
3145:
3087:
3085:
2691:
2598:
2594:
2469:
its dome caused numerous casualties among the workers involved.
2432:, as of 2014, "is still poisoning millions of people in Asia".
2417:
2318:
2229:
2207:
2183:
1986:
1882:
1690:
1634:
1548:
1492:
1422:
1408:
1385:
1357:
1343:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1116:
1079:
1056:
1042:
1010:
822:
766:
680:
624:
554:
540:
517:
489:
475:
343:
336:
329:
248:
211:
188:
174:
142:
87:
5640:
4829:"Metal fume fever: A case report and review of the literature"
3814:
3760:
3364:
2995:
7226:
7222:
6381:
5834:
5759:
4895:. World Bank Technical Paper. Vol. 397. The World Bank.
3724:
3109:
3070:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2812:
2783:
2698:
2613:
2602:
2562:
2169:
2089:
Heavy metals "can bind to vital cellular components, such as
1918:
1898:
1618:
1392:
1130:
1035:
750:
524:
262:
167:
55:
5236:
4792:
Howell N, Lavers J, Paterson D, Garrett R, Banati R (2012).
4257:
3868:
3844:
3712:
3664:
3436:
3178:
3127:
3097:
3082:
5119:
Dynamics and Bioavailabiliy of Heavy Metals in the Rootzone
4791:
3220:
3166:
3019:
2879:
Some elements otherwise regarded as toxic heavy metals are
2554:
2458:
2333:
1590:
1569:
1218:
1190:
1070:
722:
701:
350:
322:
202:
75:
5144:
5116:
4187:
Cameron CA (1871). "Half-yearly Report on Public Health".
3532:
3376:
3358:
3340:
2989:
2963:
110:(IUPAC), which standardizes nomenclature, says "the term
66:
are not heavy. Elements often discussed as toxic include
5743:
5731:
5719:
5664:
4593:
Goyer RA, Clarkson TW (1996). "Toxic effects of metals".
4410:
Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome
3784:
3682:
3622:
3592:
3013:
1954:
1364:
496:
5687:"Missing mercury pollution is enough for mass poisoning"
5207:"Wal-Mart Pulls Miley Cyrus Jewelry After Cadmium Tests"
5190:. A History of Medicine. Vol. III. Horatius Press.
4796:. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
3580:
3048:
3046:
5982:
5625:
4979:
Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical
4826:
3856:
3802:
3328:
3274:
3196:
3832:
3484:
3460:
3412:
3388:
6331:
5297:(2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 3–70.
3965:
3748:
3640:
3556:
3508:
3286:
3256:
3043:
3568:
5145:Pourret O, Bollinger JC, Hursthouse A (June 2021).
4663:
4512:
3628:
3496:
3232:
3190:
3154:
3058:
2686:. In 1963, an outbreak of dermatitis, ranging from
2609:; this was discovered to be due to the imbibing of
2521:, mercury levels have tripled in many near-surface
4917:
4737:
4376:"Metal Levels Found High in Tributary After Spill"
4363:"Tennessee Ash Flood Larger Than Initial Estimate"
4323:
3772:
3766:
3652:
3610:
3544:
3526:
3472:
3214:
3133:
2155:(excess protein in urine; possible kidney damage)
5735:. World Health Organization. 2015. Archived from
5723:. World Health Organization. 2013. Archived from
5534:
5316:. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. pp. 41–48 .
4972:
4810:"Stockton Residents Fume Over Fallout From Orica"
3700:
3688:
3424:
3298:
3076:
3031:
2951:
108:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
7712:
5652:. National Organization for Rare Disorders. 2015
5292:
5273:
5097:
5041:
4236:
4151:
3850:
3718:
3448:
3322:
3250:
3001:
2939:
2927:
2624:, lead contamination in drinking water has been
1855:
987:
90:, thallium, bismuth, arsenic, antimony and tin.
5372:
5100:Water Quality: Management of a Natural Resource
4869:
3984:
3370:
3025:
2974:
2906:Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill
2205:(pain and pink discoloration of hands and feet)
122:
5733:"Ten Chemicals of Major Public Health Concern"
5563:
5542:Acid Rain Research: Do We Have Enough Answers?
5491:
5429:
4709:Hawkes SJ (1997). "What is a "Heavy Metal"?".
4647:Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments
4307:Environmental Sampling and Analysis Lab Manual
3742:
3730:
3406:
3115:
7304:
6685:
6317:
5775:
5685:
5419:"Patches of Carcinogen Seen After Orica Leak"
4644:
4592:
4493:
3874:
3826:
3670:
3538:
3103:
3091:
2758:, triggering a recall of 12 million glasses.
2655:, is used in the dyeing of fabrics, and as a
2605:were afflicted by a condition referred to as
1997:stores may be another source of the arsenic.
5451:"Did the Mad Hatter have Mercury Poisoning?"
5044:"The untold story of Orica's chemical leaks"
5005:
4666:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
4541:
4386:
3908:Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
3586:
3382:
3226:
2043:retain high lead concentrations. Lead (from
101:
5217:
4601:
4189:Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science
4158:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
3931:Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry
3346:
3334:
2728:Company began discharging cadmium into the
7311:
7297:
6324:
6310:
5782:
5768:
5589:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
5582:
5222:. Apple Academic Press. pp. 129–156.
5185:
4130:
4061:Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology
3890:
3790:
3598:
3490:
3394:
3128:Qureshi, Richards & McBrideBaveye 2003
58:noted for its potential toxicity. Not all
5600:
5474:
5204:
5072:
4930:
4852:
4627:
4575:
4503:
4444:
4287:
4177:
4113:
4058:
3998:
3910:. New Delhi: Avichal Publishing Company.
3754:
3646:
3562:
2734:softening of the bones and kidney failure
2717:99.999% purity cadmium bar and 1 cm cube.
5747:. World Health Organization. 1 June 2020
5394:"How Lead Ended Up In Flint's Tap Water"
5353:
5330:
4918:Mulvihill G, Pritchard J (4 June 2010).
4239:Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
4031:
3905:
3862:
3838:
3359:Pezzarossa, Gorini & Petruzelli 2011
3202:
2990:Pourret, Bollinger & Hursthouse 2021
2823:. These are chemical compounds, such as
2782:
2712:
2643:
2540:
2445:
2351:
1868:
1864:
1856:Essential but potentially toxic elements
25:
7318:
5745:"10 chemicals of public health concern"
5644:. National Capital Poison Center. 2010.
5502:
5448:
5391:
5042:O'Brien N, Aston H (13 November 2011).
4973:Nieboer E, Richardson DH (1980-01-01).
4774:
4186:
4134:Blood Science: Principles and Pathology
3924:
3634:
3502:
3466:
3418:
3262:
3064:
2787:A metal EDTA anion. Pb displaces Ca in
7713:
5521:
5311:
5135:
5054:
5024:
5008:Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis
4959:
4931:Needleman H (2004). "Lead poisoning".
4827:Kaye P, Young H, O'Sullivan I (2002).
4740:Environmental Science & Technology
4708:
4608:Environmental Science & Technology
4474:
4426:
4304:
3778:
3658:
3574:
3550:
3514:
3478:
3139:
3052:
3037:
2957:
2084:
54:is a common but misleading term for a
36:release of 5.4 million cubic yards ash
7292:
6305:
5763:
5416:
4888:
4870:Landis WG, Sofield RM, Yu MH (2000).
4807:
4602:Guney M, Zagury GJ (4 January 2014).
4464:"The 1900 Arsenic Poisoning Epidemic"
4407:
4373:
4360:
4087:
3883:
3706:
3694:
3442:
3430:
3238:
2945:
2933:
2811:, which is passed out of the body in
7255:
5337:Australian National University Press
4945:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103653
4461:
3454:
2477:, it is reported, died of ingesting
2473:The first emperor of unified China,
2430:Ground water contaminated by arsenic
30:A 25-foot (7.6 m) wall of coal
7409: (Core six elements)
7267:
5432:Unravelling environmental disasters
4429:"Heavy Metals"—A Meaningless Term?"
3891:Adal A, Wiener SW (10 March 2023).
3815:National Capital Poison Center 2010
3287:Balasubramanian, He & Wang 2009
13:
6171:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
5642:"Chelation: Therapy or "Therapy"?"
5585:"The short-lived Chinese emperors"
14:
7737:
6041:Agricultural wastewater treatment
5721:"Stop Lead Poisoning in Children"
5057:"Burton's Line in Lead Poisoning"
4152:Brathwaite RL, Rabone SD (1985).
4059:Barceloux DG (1999). "Chromium".
3275:Kaye, Young & O'Sullivan 2002
3191:Finch, Hillyer & Leopold 2015
3155:Harvey, Handley & Taylor 2015
2862:into less toxic or mobile forms.
2181:(inflammation of gums and mouth)
2077:in organisms as they are hard to
7266:
7254:
7243:
7242:
6285:
6284:
5602:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00821.x
5539:. In Erisman JW, Hey GJ (eds.).
5535:Worsztynowicz A, Mill W (1995).
5276:Practical Environmental Analysis
5274:Radojevic M, Bashkin VN (1999).
5239:Journal of Environmental Quality
5098:Perry J, Vanderklein EL (1996).
4230:10.1097/00010694-199611000-00003
4036:Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals
3527:Davidson, Myers & Weiss 2004
6101:Industrial wastewater treatment
6071:Decentralized wastewater system
5629:. American Cancer Society. 2008
5492:Wanklyn JA, Chapman ET (1868).
5430:Vallero DA, Letcher TM (2013).
5398:Chemical & Engineering News
4280:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025
3970:. CRC Press. pp. 475–490.
3968:Heavy Metals in the Environment
2416:), was known in ancient times.
2058:
117:Casarett and Doull’s toxicology
7397:Biological aspects of fluorine
5789:
5703:The United States Pharmacopeia
5583:Zhao HL, Zhu X, Sui Y (2006).
5568:. Cambridge University Press.
5564:Wright DA, Welbourn P (2002).
5373:Srivastava S, Goyal P (2010).
5278:. Royal Society of Chemistry.
5147:"Heavy metal: a misused term?"
5121:. CRC Press. pp. 93–128.
5027:"Digging Deep for Safer Water"
4179:10.1080/03036758.1985.10421713
4106:10.1113/jphysiol.1884.sp000148
3767:Mulvihill & Pritchard 2010
3683:National Research Council 1974
3623:World Health Organization 2013
3014:World Health Organization 2020
2841:
2761:
2569:seen in lead-poisoned people.
1:
7675:Composition of the human body
6121:Rotating biological contactor
5333:Chemistry in the Market Place
4711:Journal of Chemical Education
4515:Journal of Chemical Education
3951:10.1080/02772248.2017.1413652
3371:Landis, Sofield & Yu 2000
3299:Worsztynowicz & Mill 1995
3077:Nieboer & Richardson 1980
2581:from about 500 BC to 300 AD.
2244:Nephropathy (kidney disease)
2190:(nonspecific kidney disorder)
2038:, it was used extensively in
78:, all of which appear in the
5417:Tovey J (17 December 2011).
5010:. Elsevier. pp. 17–28.
4991:10.1016/0143-148X(80)90017-8
4542:Gilbert SG, Weiss B (2006).
4496:Technology Evaluation Report
4387:DiMaio VJ, DiMaio D (2001).
4361:Dewan S (26 December 2008).
3925:Ali H, Khan E (2018-01-02).
3851:Chowdhury & Chandra 1987
3803:American Cancer Society 2008
3323:Radojevic & Bashkin 1999
3251:Perry & Vanderklein 1996
3002:Brathwaite & Rabone 1985
2921:
2896:Bento Rodrigues dam disaster
2726:Mitsui Mining & Smelting
2262:(red blood cell destruction)
123:Major and minor metal toxins
7:
7685:Mineral (Essential element)
5507:. Oxford University Press.
5205:Pritchard J (19 May 2010).
4874:(4th ed.). CRC Press.
4649:. Wiley. pp. 497–532.
4568:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.008
4479:. Oxford University Press.
4393:(2nd ed.). CRC Press.
3026:Srivastava & Goyal 2010
2975:Baldwin & Marshall 1999
2889:
2874:
2639:
2630:pipes that distribute water
2255:Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
1983:illegally distilled alcohol
1957:metal projects; burning of
10:
7742:
7700:Uranium in the environment
6995:Arthropod bites and stings
6614:Nitrogen dioxide poisoning
6186:Wastewater treatment plant
5953:Adsorbable organic halides
5410:10.1021/cen-09407-scitech1
5335:(2nd ed.). Canberra:
5171:10.1007/s11631-021-00468-0
4833:Emergency Medicine Journal
4808:Jones J (11 August 2011).
4433:Pure and Applied Chemistry
4374:Dewan S (1 January 2009).
4009:10.1177/000456329903600301
3743:Vallero & Letcher 2013
3731:Vallero & Letcher 2013
3407:Wanklyn & Chapman 1868
3116:Wright & Welbourn 2002
2901:Heavy metal detoxification
2779:Heavy metal detoxification
2776:
2770:
2708:
2549:paint advertisement, 1912.
2439:
2435:
2347:
2326:
1989:the distilling apparatus.
1284:
1152:
1092:
1032:
1007:
416:
284:
224:
164:
139:
18:
7721:Sets of chemical elements
7667:
7555:Acute beryllium poisoning
7530:
7467:
7405:
7324:
7238:
7210:
7206:
7170:
7114:
7062:
6985:
6901:
6837:
6830:
6789:
6762:
6754:Tricyclic antidepressants
6694:
6676:
6622:
6594:
6564:
6555:
6518:
6500:
6480:
6437:
6389:
6380:
6371:
6353:
6280:
6194:
6021:
5958:Biochemical oxygen demand
5943:
5797:
5522:Wilson D (July 3, 1997).
5467:10.1136/bmj.287.6409.1961
5423:The Sydney Morning Herald
4933:Annual Review of Medicine
4686:10.1007/s11356-015-4349-2
4260:Marine Pollution Bulletin
4137:. John Wiley & Sons.
4131:Blann A, Ahmed N (2014).
4094:The Journal of Physiology
3875:Goyer & Clarkson 1996
3827:Evanko & Dzombak 1997
3671:Haines & Nieboer 1988
3104:Goyer & Clarkson 1996
3092:Goyer & Clarkson 1996
2618:World Health Organization
1937:, brazing and soldering;
102:Controversial terminology
80:World Health Organization
5566:Environmental Toxicology
4477:Nature's Building Blocks
4338:10.1542/peds.113.S3.1023
3719:O'Brien & Aston 2011
3587:Gilbert & Weiss 2006
3491:Zhao, Zhu & Sui 2006
3383:Nielen & Marvin 2008
3227:DiMaio & DiMaio 2001
2766:
7193:List of types of poison
6749:Serotonergic substances
6146:Sewage sludge treatment
6086:Fecal sludge management
6046:API oil–water separator
6013:Wastewater surveillance
5650:"Heavy Metal Poisoning"
5498:. Trüber & Company.
5455:British Medical Journal
4962:Glasgow Medical Journal
4446:10.1351/pac200274050793
3445:, pp. 1–3, 46, 53.
3335:Guney & Zagury 2014
2553:The adverse effects of
2536:
2499:Saint Isaac's Cathedral
2451:Saint Isaac's Cathedral
7567:Chlorine gas poisoning
6481:Other non-toxic metals
6003:Total suspended solids
5998:Total dissolved solids
5963:Chemical oxygen demand
5671:. National Academies.
5138:Bloomberg Businessweek
3791:Blann & Ahmed 2014
3395:Adal & Wiener 2023
2816:
2756:McDonald's Restaurants
2718:
2664:
2550:
2470:
2360:
1877:
47:
16:Category of substances
7540:Argyria (Silver)
7382:Molybdenum in biology
6861:Ichthyoallyeinotoxism
5870:Industrial wastewater
5545:. Elsevier. pp.
5186:Prioreschi P (1998).
5102:. Blackwell Science.
5048:Sydney Morning Herald
4073:10.1081/CLT-100102418
4040:. Springer. pp.
3613:, pp. 3353–3354.
3311:Camobreco et al. 1996
2786:
2777:Further information:
2716:
2647:
2544:
2519:Industrial Revolution
2449:
2355:
2126:often months or years
2117:usually a day or less
1963:open burning of waste
1872:
1865:Contamination sources
29:
21:Heavy Metal Poisoning
7680:Lithium (medication)
7392:Arsenic biochemistry
7352:Manganese in biology
7342:Potassium in biology
7337:Magnesium in biology
6212:Groundwater recharge
5259:10.2134/jeq2003.2067
4845:10.1136/emj.19.3.268
3181:, p. 2589‒2590.
2525:, especially around
2150:(softening of bones)
7550:Beryllium poisoning
7377:Selenium in biology
7319:Elements in biology
7231:foodborne illnesses
7188:Lists of poisonings
6871:Shellfish poisoning
6579:Aluminium phosphide
6126:Secondary treatment
6111:Membrane bioreactor
6066:Constructed wetland
5865:Infiltration/Inflow
5627:"Chelation Therapy"
5505:The Arsenic Century
5503:Whorton JG (2011).
5449:Waldron HA (1983).
5377:. Springer-Verlag.
5331:Selinger B (1978).
5251:2003JEnvQ..32.2067Q
5163:2021AcGch..40..466P
4752:2015EnST...49.3349H
4723:1997JChEd..74.1374H
4678:2015ESPR...2212276H
4672:(16): 12276–12288.
4620:2014EnST...48.1238G
4560:2006NeuTx..27..693G
4527:2015JChEd..92..849F
4332:(4 Suppl): 1023–9.
4272:2011MarPB..62.2588C
4222:1996SoilS.161..740C
4170:1985JRSNZ..15..363B
3943:2018TxEC..100....6A
3906:Aggrawal A (2014).
3829:, p. 1, 14–40.
3745:, pp. 239–241.
3611:Hillman et al. 2015
3215:Hillman et al. 2015
3065:Ali & Khan 2018
2864:Physical separation
2751:Shrek Forever After
2626:an issue since 2014
2294:Multi-organ effects
2265:Acute renal failure
2222:(brain dysfunction)
2195:(neurotic disorder)
2140:(lung inflammation)
2091:structural proteins
2085:Detrimental effects
1967:lead-acid batteries
62:are toxic and some
7644:Thallium poisoning
7347:Calcium in biology
7183:EPA list of hazard
6965:Alpha-Bungarotoxin
6709:Anticholinesterase
6291:Category: Sewerage
6252:Septic drain field
6217:Infiltration basin
6161:Stabilization pond
6081:Facultative lagoon
5945:Quality indicators
5825:Blackwater (waste)
5805:Acid mine drainage
5392:Torrice M (2016).
5061:European Neurology
5055:Pearce JM (2007).
4775:Houlton S (2014).
4731:10.1021/ed074p1374
4427:Duffus JH (2002).
4390:Forensic Pathology
4201:10.1007/BF02944536
3884:General references
3539:New Scientist 2014
3167:Howell et al. 2012
2856:Toxicity reduction
2817:
2719:
2665:
2649:Potassium chromate
2551:
2491:mad hatter disease
2471:
2361:
2270:Pulmonary fibrosis
2188:Nephrotic syndrome
1993:used in grain and
1951:recycled materials
1907:construction works
1901:used by ships and
1878:
988:Major toxic metals
48:
7708:
7707:
7654:Toxic heavy metal
7639:Selenium toxicity
7624:Mercury poisoning
7592:Fluoride toxicity
7587:Cadmium poisoning
7572:Chromium toxicity
7545:Arsenic poisoning
7387:Iodine in biology
7367:Copper in biology
7362:Cobalt in biology
7332:Sodium in biology
7286:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7166:
7165:
7148:Poisonous animals
6826:
6825:
6791:Vitamin poisoning
6785:
6784:
6672:
6671:
6551:
6550:
6496:
6495:
6299:
6298:
6076:Extended aeration
6023:Treatment options
5973:Oxygen saturation
5820:Blackwater (coal)
5798:Sources and types
5727:on April 3, 2014.
5712:978-0-913595-04-6
5384:978-3-642-11329-1
5346:978-0-7081-0728-7
5074:10.1159/000098100
5025:Notman N (2014).
4760:10.1021/es504934r
4629:10.1021/es4036122
4535:10.1021/ed500647w
4475:Emsley J (2011).
4305:Csuros M (1997).
4266:(12): 2588–2597.
4144:978-1-118-35142-0
3917:978-81-7739-419-1
3409:, pp. 73–78.
2773:Chelation therapy
2611:lead-contaminated
2483:mercury poisoning
2426:arsenic poisoning
2324:
2323:
1903:heavy machineries
1891:vehicle emissions
1887:industrial wastes
1852:
1851:
1578:Mercury (element)
984:
983:
710:Mercury (element)
52:toxic heavy metal
7733:
7619:Lithium toxicity
7577:Cobalt poisoning
7313:
7306:
7299:
7290:
7289:
7270:
7269:
7258:
7257:
7246:
7245:
7219:, which is rare.
7208:
7207:
7143:Venomous animals
6835:
6834:
6692:
6691:
6683:
6682:
6584:Organophosphates
6562:
6561:
6439:Dietary minerals
6387:
6386:
6378:
6377:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6303:
6302:
6288:
6287:
6207:Evaporation pond
6195:Disposal options
6166:Trickling filter
6151:Sewage treatment
6051:Carbon filtering
6031:Activated sludge
5784:
5777:
5770:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5740:
5728:
5716:
5698:
5682:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5645:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5622:
5604:
5579:
5560:
5531:
5518:
5499:
5488:
5478:
5445:
5426:
5413:
5388:
5369:
5350:
5327:
5308:
5289:
5270:
5233:
5214:
5201:
5182:
5141:
5132:
5113:
5094:
5076:
5051:
5038:
5021:
5002:
4969:
4956:
4927:
4914:
4889:Lovei M (1998).
4885:
4866:
4856:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4814:Newcastle Herald
4804:
4802:
4801:
4788:
4771:
4746:(6): 3349–3357.
4734:
4705:
4660:
4641:
4631:
4614:(2): 1238–1246.
4598:
4589:
4579:
4538:
4509:
4507:
4490:
4471:
4458:
4448:
4423:
4408:Dueck D (2000).
4404:
4383:
4370:
4357:
4320:
4301:
4291:
4254:
4233:
4204:
4183:
4181:
4148:
4127:
4117:
4088:Blake J (1884).
4084:
4055:
4039:
4028:
4002:
3981:
3962:
3921:
3902:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3179:Cole et al. 2011
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2860:biological means
2837:
2834:
2833:
2821:chelating agents
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2746:Associated Press
2515:Minamata disease
2455:Saint Petersburg
2415:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2311:Hypopigmentation
2257:(bleeding)
2200:(metallic taste)
2122:Chronic exposure
2104:
2103:
2066:metal fume fever
2037:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2016:
1971:electronic waste
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1004:
998:
997:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
655:
648:
641:
634:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
557:
550:
543:
536:
527:
520:
513:
506:
499:
492:
485:
478:
471:
464:
457:
450:
443:
436:
429:
422:
411:
404:
395:
388:
381:
374:
367:
360:
353:
346:
339:
332:
325:
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
281:
274:
265:
258:
251:
244:
237:
230:
221:
214:
205:
198:
191:
184:
177:
170:
161:
154:
145:
136:
130:
129:
96:chelating agents
38:slurry into the
7741:
7740:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7690:Oxygen toxicity
7663:
7582:Copper toxicity
7526:
7463:
7401:
7372:Zinc in biology
7357:Iron in biology
7320:
7317:
7287:
7278:
7234:
7220:
7202:
7162:
7110:
7058:
6981:
6897:
6822:
6817:
6781:
6758:
6724:Benzodiazepines
6668:
6654:Carbon monoxide
6642:Ethylene glycol
6618:
6590:
6547:
6514:
6492:
6476:
6433:
6367:
6349:
6330:
6300:
6295:
6276:
6242:Reclaimed water
6190:
6116:Reverse osmosis
6017:
5939:
5905:Reverse osmosis
5830:Boiler blowdown
5793:
5788:
5758:
5750:
5748:
5739:on May 7, 2011.
5713:
5701:
5679:
5655:
5653:
5632:
5630:
5576:
5557:
5515:
5442:
5385:
5366:
5347:
5324:
5305:
5286:
5230:
5198:
5151:Acta Geochimica
5129:
5110:
5031:Chemistry World
5018:
4924:Huffington Post
4903:
4882:
4818:
4816:
4799:
4797:
4781:Chemistry World
4657:
4548:Neurotoxicology
4505:10.1.1.401.3768
4487:
4468:Brewery History
4462:Dyer P (2009).
4420:
4401:
4317:
4216:(11): 740–750.
4145:
4052:
4000:10.1.1.528.7546
3978:
3918:
3886:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3857:
3849:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3599:Prioreschi 1998
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3529:, p. 1025.
3525:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3465:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3217:, p. 3349.
3213:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2892:
2877:
2844:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2764:
2711:
2642:
2622:Flint, Michigan
2616:. In 2013, the
2579:Roman aqueducts
2539:
2444:
2442:Mercury in fish
2438:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2350:
2329:
2317:
2309:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2273:
2272:(lung scarring)
2263:
2258:
2243:
2234:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2168:
2151:
2146:
2124:
2115:
2087:
2061:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2005:tetraethyl lead
1874:Tetraethyl lead
1867:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1147:
1140:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1087:
1080:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1020:
1011:
1002:
990:
989:
986:
985:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
548:
541:
534:
525:
518:
511:
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
455:
448:
441:
434:
427:
420:
409:
402:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
351:
344:
337:
330:
323:
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
279:
272:
263:
256:
249:
242:
235:
228:
219:
212:
203:
196:
189:
182:
175:
168:
159:
152:
143:
134:
125:
104:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7739:
7729:
7728:
7723:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7634:Nickel allergy
7631:
7629:Metal toxicity
7626:
7621:
7616:
7614:Lead poisoning
7611:
7610:
7609:
7602:Iron poisoning
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7557:
7547:
7542:
7536:
7534:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7473:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7453:
7445:
7437:
7429:
7421:
7412:
7410:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7315:
7308:
7301:
7293:
7284:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7264:
7252:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7158:Mycotoxicology
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7118:
7116:
7115:Related topics
7112:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7070:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7054:Tick paralysis
7051:
7050:
7049:
7044:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7021:Scorpion venom
7018:
7017:
7016:
7011:
6997:
6991:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6953:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6908:
6906:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6847:
6845:
6832:
6828:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6795:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6764:Cardiovascular
6760:
6759:
6757:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6700:
6698:
6689:
6687:Drug overdoses
6680:
6678:Pharmaceutical
6674:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6570:
6568:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6524:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6443:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6384:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6329:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6306:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6267:Surface runoff
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6247:Sanitary sewer
6244:
6239:
6237:Marine outfall
6234:
6232:Marine dumping
6229:
6224:
6222:Injection well
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6202:Combined sewer
6198:
6196:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6141:Settling basin
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6036:Aerated lagoon
6033:
6027:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5968:Coliform index
5965:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5910:Sanitary sewer
5907:
5902:
5897:
5895:Produced water
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5840:Combined sewer
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5787:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5764:
5757:
5756:
5741:
5729:
5717:
5711:
5699:
5683:
5677:
5662:
5646:
5638:
5623:
5580:
5575:978-0521581516
5574:
5561:
5556:978-0444820389
5555:
5532:
5519:
5513:
5500:
5489:
5461:(6409): 1961.
5446:
5440:
5427:
5414:
5389:
5383:
5370:
5365:978-1566768849
5364:
5351:
5345:
5328:
5322:
5309:
5304:978-1560320906
5303:
5290:
5285:978-0854045945
5284:
5271:
5245:(6): 2067–75.
5234:
5228:
5215:
5202:
5197:978-1888456035
5196:
5188:Roman Medicine
5183:
5157:(3): 466–471.
5142:
5133:
5127:
5114:
5109:978-0865424692
5108:
5095:
5052:
5039:
5022:
5017:978-0080931920
5016:
5003:
4970:
4957:
4928:
4915:
4902:978-0821341575
4901:
4886:
4880:
4867:
4824:
4805:
4789:
4772:
4735:
4706:
4661:
4656:978-0471856436
4655:
4642:
4599:
4597:. McGraw-Hill.
4590:
4554:(5): 693–701.
4539:
4521:(5): 849–854.
4510:
4491:
4485:
4472:
4459:
4439:(5): 793–807.
4424:
4419:978-0415216722
4418:
4405:
4400:978-0849300721
4399:
4384:
4380:New York Times
4371:
4367:New York Times
4358:
4321:
4316:978-1566701785
4315:
4302:
4255:
4234:
4205:
4195:(2): 475–498.
4184:
4164:(4): 363–370.
4149:
4143:
4128:
4085:
4056:
4050:
4029:
3993:(3): 267–300.
3982:
3977:978-1420073164
3976:
3963:
3922:
3916:
3903:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3877:, p. 846.
3867:
3865:, p. 369.
3855:
3843:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3793:, p. 465.
3783:
3771:
3759:
3755:Pritchard 2010
3747:
3735:
3733:, p. 240.
3723:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3673:, p. 504.
3663:
3651:
3647:Barceloux 1999
3639:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3601:, p. 279.
3591:
3579:
3567:
3563:Needleman 2004
3555:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3517:, p. 326.
3507:
3495:
3483:
3471:
3469:, p. 356.
3459:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3421:, p. 484.
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3373:, p. 269.
3363:
3351:
3349:, p. 144.
3347:Qu et al. 2014
3339:
3327:
3325:, p. 406.
3315:
3303:
3301:, p. 361.
3291:
3289:, p. 476.
3279:
3267:
3255:
3253:, p. 336.
3243:
3231:
3229:, p. 527.
3219:
3207:
3205:, p. 680.
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3118:, p. 288.
3108:
3106:, p. 818.
3096:
3094:, p. 839.
3081:
3069:
3057:
3055:, p. 795.
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
3004:, p. 363.
2994:
2979:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2916:Metal toxicity
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2876:
2873:
2852:Immobilization
2843:
2840:
2830:
2805:
2793:
2771:Main article:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2710:
2707:
2670:compounds and
2641:
2638:
2561:described the
2538:
2535:
2457:, Russia. The
2437:
2434:
2410:
2401:
2385:
2376:
2349:
2346:
2342:drinking water
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2315:Hyperkeratosis
2304:
2292:Encephalopathy
2284:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2233:Encephalopathy
2227:
2220:Encephalopathy
2217:
2211:
2210:
2176:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2119:
2113:Acute exposure
2110:
2086:
2083:
2060:
2057:
2053:lead poisoning
2049:lead styphnate
2045:lead(II) azide
2031:
2022:
2013:
1866:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1006:
996:
995:
982:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
756:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
545:
538:
530:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
494:
487:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
415:
413:
406:
398:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
292:
285:
283:
276:
268:
267:
260:
253:
246:
239:
232:
225:
223:
216:
208:
207:
200:
193:
186:
179:
172:
165:
163:
156:
148:
147:
140:
138:
128:
127:
124:
121:
103:
100:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7738:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7695:Soil salinity
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7660:
7659:Zinc toxicity
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7649:Tin poisoning
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7608:
7607:Iron overload
7605:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7597:Halotolerance
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7444:
7442:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7404:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7323:
7314:
7309:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7275:
7274:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7218:
7214:
7209:
7205:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7171:Miscellaneous
7169:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7153:Deadly fungus
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7113:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7026:Charybdotoxin
7024:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6917:Batrachotoxin
6915:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6900:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6829:
6819:
6814:Megavitamin-B
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6528:Sulfuric acid
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6320:
6315:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6292:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:Sedimentation
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5925:Sewage sludge
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5850:Cooling water
5848:
5846:
5845:Cooling tower
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5810:Ballast water
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5773:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5697:(2981). 2014.
5696:
5692:
5691:New Scientist
5688:
5684:
5680:
5678:9780309022170
5674:
5670:
5669:
5663:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5595:(8): 1295–6.
5594:
5590:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5529:
5528:Seattle Times
5525:
5520:
5516:
5514:9780199605996
5510:
5506:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5447:
5443:
5441:9780123970268
5437:
5433:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5329:
5325:
5323:9789004186309
5319:
5315:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5235:
5231:
5229:9781771880046
5225:
5221:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5128:9781439826225
5124:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4887:
4883:
4881:9781439804100
4877:
4873:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4825:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4486:9780199605637
4482:
4478:
4473:
4470:(130): 65–85.
4469:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:. Routledge.
4411:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4245:(1): 55–113.
4244:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4067:(2): 173–94.
4066:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4051:9789400704275
4047:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3871:
3864:
3863:Selinger 1978
3859:
3852:
3847:
3841:, p. 12.
3840:
3839:Bánfalvi 2011
3835:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3708:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3685:, p. 68.
3684:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3660:
3655:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3600:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3577:, p. 41.
3576:
3571:
3564:
3559:
3552:
3547:
3540:
3535:
3528:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3499:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3451:
3444:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3391:
3385:, p. 10.
3384:
3379:
3372:
3367:
3361:, p. 94.
3360:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3265:, p. 50.
3264:
3259:
3252:
3247:
3241:, p. 15.
3240:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3204:
3203:Aggrawal 2014
3199:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3175:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3117:
3112:
3105:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2954:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2836:
2822:
2814:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:to exudative
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2668:Chromium(III)
2662:
2658:
2657:tanning agent
2654:
2650:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:'s engineer,
2584:
2583:Julius Caesar
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:methylmercury
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:Qin Shi Huang
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2394:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:nucleic acids
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:bioaccumulate
2071:
2067:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:microplastics
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1748:Rutherfordium
1745:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
999:
993:
980:
975:
973:
968:
966:
961:
959:
954:
952:
947:
945:
940:
938:
933:
931:
926:
924:
919:
917:
912:
910:
905:
903:
898:
896:
891:
889:
884:
882:
880:Rutherfordium
877:
875:
870:
868:
863:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
833:
828:
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
793:
791:
786:
784:
779:
777:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
757:
754:
749:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
719:
714:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
693:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
658:
656:
651:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
621:
616:
614:
609:
607:
602:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
567:
565:
560:
558:
553:
551:
546:
544:
539:
537:
532:
531:
528:
523:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
502:
500:
495:
493:
488:
486:
481:
479:
474:
472:
467:
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
423:
418:
414:
412:
407:
405:
400:
399:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
375:
370:
368:
363:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
342:
340:
335:
333:
328:
326:
321:
319:
314:
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
293:
291:
286:
282:
277:
275:
270:
269:
266:
261:
259:
254:
252:
247:
245:
240:
238:
233:
231:
226:
222:
217:
215:
210:
209:
206:
201:
199:
194:
192:
187:
185:
180:
178:
173:
171:
166:
162:
157:
155:
150:
149:
146:
141:
137:
132:
131:
120:
118:
113:
112:heavy metals
109:
99:
97:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
28:
22:
7653:
7469:Deficiencies
7456:
7448:
7440:
7432:
7424:
7416:
7271:
7259:
7247:
7042:Latrodectism
7033:spider venom
6856:Haff disease
6777:Dipyridamole
6719:Barbiturates
6629:
6391:Toxic metals
6272:Vacuum sewer
6156:Sewer mining
6106:Ion exchange
6056:Chlorination
5978:Heavy metals
5935:Urban runoff
5875:Ion exchange
5855:Fecal sludge
5749:. Retrieved
5737:the original
5725:the original
5702:
5694:
5690:
5681:. NAP:13852.
5667:
5654:. Retrieved
5631:. Retrieved
5592:
5588:
5565:
5541:
5527:
5504:
5494:
5458:
5454:
5434:. Elsevier.
5431:
5422:
5404:(7): 26–29.
5401:
5397:
5374:
5355:
5332:
5313:
5294:
5275:
5242:
5238:
5219:
5210:
5187:
5154:
5150:
5137:
5118:
5099:
5067:(2): 118–9.
5064:
5060:
5047:
5034:
5030:
5007:
4982:
4978:
4965:
4961:
4936:
4932:
4923:
4891:
4871:
4839:(3): 268–9.
4836:
4832:
4817:. Retrieved
4813:
4798:. Retrieved
4787:(12): 48–51.
4784:
4780:
4743:
4739:
4717:(11): 1374.
4714:
4710:
4669:
4665:
4646:
4611:
4607:
4594:
4551:
4547:
4518:
4514:
4508:. TE 97-0-1.
4495:
4476:
4467:
4436:
4432:
4409:
4389:
4379:
4366:
4329:
4325:
4306:
4263:
4259:
4242:
4238:
4213:
4210:Soil Science
4209:
4192:
4188:
4161:
4157:
4133:
4100:(1): 36–44.
4097:
4093:
4064:
4060:
4035:
3990:
3986:
3967:
3934:
3930:
3907:
3896:
3870:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3635:Torrice 2016
3630:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3558:
3546:
3541:, p. 4.
3534:
3522:
3510:
3503:Waldron 1983
3498:
3486:
3474:
3467:Whorton 2011
3462:
3450:
3438:
3426:
3419:Cameron 1871
3414:
3402:
3390:
3378:
3366:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3318:
3306:
3294:
3282:
3270:
3263:Houlton 2014
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3072:
3060:
3033:
3028:, p. 2.
3021:
3009:
2997:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2885:
2878:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2818:
2749:
2720:
2684:World War II
2676:chromium(VI)
2666:
2552:
2489:(so-called "
2472:
2362:
2330:
2203:Pink Disease
2193:Neurasthenia
2148:Osteomalacia
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2088:
2062:
2059:Entry routes
2002:
1999:
1939:glassworking
1879:
1859:
1790:Darmstadtium
1657:Protactinium
1431:Praseodymium
991:
922:Darmstadtium
789:Protactinium
563:Praseodymium
116:
111:
105:
92:
64:toxic metals
60:heavy metals
51:
49:
7560:Berylliosis
7273:WikiProject
7086:Fish toxins
7047:Loxoscelism
6960:Snake venom
6932:Physalaemin
6904:vertebrates
6744:Paracetamol
6262:Storm drain
6257:Sewage farm
6181:Vermifilter
6136:Septic tank
6096:Imhoff tank
5993:Temperature
5900:Return flow
5890:Papermaking
5656:11 February
5037:(4): 54–57.
4985:(1): 3–26.
4289:10871/19649
3937:(1): 6–19.
3779:Csuros 1997
3659:Newman 1890
3575:Rogers 2000
3551:Pearce 2007
3515:Emsley 2011
3479:Notman 2014
3140:Wilson 1997
3053:Duffus 2002
3038:Duffus 2002
2958:Poovey 2001
2911:Light metal
2842:Environment
2762:Remediation
2742:Miley Cyrus
2730:Jinzū River
2659:to produce
2607:Devon colic
2571:Dioscorides
2275:Lung cancer
2153:Proteinuria
2144:Lung cancer
2138:Pneumonitis
1921:; dyes and
1911:fertilisers
1832:Livermorium
1804:Copernicium
1797:Roentgenium
1727:Mendelevium
1713:Einsteinium
1706:Californium
964:Livermorium
936:Copernicium
929:Roentgenium
859:Mendelevium
845:Einsteinium
838:Californium
40:Emory River
7726:Toxicology
7715:Categories
7507:Molybdenum
7221:including
7178:Antibiotic
7106:Strychnine
7076:Cinchonism
7038:Latrotoxin
6987:Arthropods
6975:Batroxobin
6886:Neurotoxic
6881:Diarrhetic
6831:Biological
6574:Pesticides
6566:Phosphorus
6502:Metalloids
6227:Irrigation
6091:Filtration
5791:Wastewater
5751:2021-10-09
5633:2014-04-28
4968:: 469–470.
4939:: 209–22.
4819:2014-05-16
4800:2014-05-03
4326:Pediatrics
3707:Jones 2011
3695:Tovey 2011
3443:Dueck 2000
3431:Blake 1884
3239:Lovei 1998
2946:Dewan 2009
2934:Dewan 2008
2868:Extraction
2754:, sold by
2740:exclusive
2653:carcinogen
2591:white lead
2573:, a Greek
2547:white lead
2545:Dutch Boy
2531:Antarctica
2440:See also:
2422:Clare Luce
2302:neuropathy
2297:Arrhythmia
2240:wrist drop
2198:Parageusia
2179:Stomatitis
2079:metabolize
1991:Rat poison
1979:stabilizer
1959:joss paper
1927:renovation
1915:pesticides
1839:Tennessine
1783:Meitnerium
1762:Seaborgium
1741:Lawrencium
1480:Dysprosium
1466:Gadolinium
1445:Promethium
1317:Technetium
1310:Molybdenum
1111:Phosphorus
971:Tennessine
915:Meitnerium
894:Seaborgium
873:Lawrencium
612:Dysprosium
598:Gadolinium
577:Promethium
449:Technetium
442:Molybdenum
243:Phosphorus
7502:Manganese
7497:Potassium
7451:hosphorus
7198:Pollution
7138:Cnidocyte
7091:Lathyrism
7004:Bee venom
7000:Bee sting
6944:Coturnism
6927:Bufotenin
6912:Amphibian
6891:Paralytic
6866:Scombroid
6851:Ciguatera
6809:Vitamin E
6804:Vitamin D
6799:Vitamin A
6520:Nonmetals
6467:Manganese
6399:Beryllium
6373:Inorganic
6335:Poisoning
6061:Clarifier
6008:Turbidity
5860:Greywater
5358:. Lewis.
5211:USA Today
5179:2096-0956
4999:0143-148X
4911:0253-7494
4500:CiteSeerX
4309:. Lewis.
3995:CiteSeerX
3959:0277-2248
3898:eMedicine
3455:Dyer 2009
2922:Citations
2881:essential
2848:Isolation
2696:Newcastle
2587:Vitruvius
2575:physician
2567:paralysis
2523:seawaters
2487:milliners
2461:-mercury
2338:manganese
2260:Hemolysis
2236:Foot drop
2070:acid rain
1949:; use of
1947:roadworks
1895:motor oil
1846:Oganesson
1825:Moscovium
1818:Flerovium
1699:Berkelium
1685:Americium
1678:Plutonium
1671:Neptunium
1508:Ytterbium
1438:Neodymium
1417:Lanthanum
1380:Tellurium
1338:Palladium
1324:Ruthenium
1296:Zirconium
1278:Strontium
1234:Germanium
1185:Manganese
1141:Potassium
1097:Aluminium
1088:Magnesium
1028:Beryllium
978:Oganesson
957:Moscovium
950:Flerovium
831:Berkelium
817:Americium
810:Plutonium
803:Neptunium
640:Ytterbium
570:Neodymium
549:Lanthanum
512:Tellurium
470:Palladium
456:Ruthenium
428:Zirconium
410:Strontium
366:Germanium
317:Manganese
273:Potassium
229:Aluminium
220:Magnesium
160:Beryllium
44:Tennessee
34:from the
7532:Toxicity
7517:Selenium
7477:Chromium
7325:Elements
7249:Category
7101:Mushroom
7081:Ergotism
7066: /
7040: /
7014:Melittin
7002: /
6958: /
6922:Bombesin
6841: /
6818:syndrome
6647:Methanol
6609:Nicotine
6596:Nitrogen
6543:Fluoride
6538:Chlorine
6533:Selenium
6447:Chromium
6424:Thallium
6345:Overdose
6340:Toxicity
5988:Salinity
5880:Leachate
5815:Bathroom
5668:Chromium
5619:31630319
5611:16914004
5267:14674528
5091:41427430
5083:17179719
4953:14746518
4863:11971851
4768:25685905
4702:46589151
4694:25895456
4638:24345102
4586:16889836
4455:46602106
4346:15060195
4298:22001295
4124:16991361
4081:10382554
4025:26671861
4017:10376071
2890:See also
2875:Benefits
2799:to give
2703:Stockton
2688:erythema
2680:chromate
2672:chromium
2640:Chromium
2634:Tasmania
2559:Nicander
2507:Minamata
2465:used to
2393:orpiment
2357:Orpiment
2307:Diabetes
2300:Painful
2290:Diarrhea
2288:Vomiting
2250:Chromium
2226:Vomiting
2174:Vomiting
2166:Diarrhea
2040:gasoline
1943:concrete
1931:dumpster
1923:pigments
1811:Nihonium
1734:Nobelium
1643:Actinium
1629:Francium
1613:Astatine
1606:Polonium
1585:Thallium
1564:Platinum
1536:Tungsten
1529:Tantalum
1515:Lutetium
1459:Europium
1452:Samarium
1373:Antimony
1271:Rubidium
1248:Selenium
1178:Chromium
1171:Vanadium
1164:Titanium
1157:Scandium
1125:Chlorine
1065:Fluorine
1051:Nitrogen
1003:Hydrogen
943:Nihonium
866:Nobelium
775:Actinium
761:Francium
745:Astatine
738:Polonium
717:Thallium
696:Platinum
668:Tungsten
661:Tantalum
647:Lutetium
591:Europium
584:Samarium
505:Antimony
403:Rubidium
380:Selenium
310:Chromium
303:Vanadium
296:Titanium
289:Scandium
257:Chlorine
197:Fluorine
183:Nitrogen
135:Hydrogen
84:chromium
7668:Related
7443:itrogen
7427:ydrogen
7261:Commons
7217:argyria
7126:Stinger
7096:Locoism
6876:Amnesic
6843:Seafood
6772:Digoxin
6739:Opioids
6734:Lithium
6729:Cocaine
6714:Aspirin
6704:Alcohol
6696:Nervous
6664:Toluene
6637:Ethanol
6631:alcohol
6604:Cyanide
6557:Organic
6510:Arsenic
6414:Mercury
6404:Cadmium
6363:History
5915:Septage
5485:6418283
5476:1550196
5247:Bibcode
5159:Bibcode
4854:1725877
4777:"Boom!"
4748:Bibcode
4719:Bibcode
4674:Bibcode
4616:Bibcode
4577:2212280
4556:Bibcode
4523:Bibcode
4354:6597018
4268:Bibcode
4251:3303135
4218:Bibcode
4166:Bibcode
4115:1484879
3939:Bibcode
2738:Walmart
2722:Cadmium
2709:Cadmium
2661:leather
2527:Iceland
2511:Niigata
2495:gilding
2479:mercury
2463:amalgam
2436:Mercury
2368:realgar
2364:Arsenic
2348:Arsenic
2327:History
2282:Arsenic
2242:(palsy)
2161:Mercury
2133:Cadmium
2108:Element
2095:enzymes
1945:works;
1935:welding
1776:Hassium
1769:Bohrium
1755:Dubnium
1720:Fermium
1664:Uranium
1650:Thorium
1599:Bismuth
1557:Iridium
1543:Rhenium
1522:Hafnium
1501:Thulium
1487:Holmium
1473:Terbium
1403:Caesium
1352:Cadmium
1331:Rhodium
1303:Niobium
1289:Yttrium
1262:Krypton
1255:Bromine
1241:Arsenic
1227:Gallium
1148:Calcium
1104:Silicon
1021:Lithium
908:Hassium
901:Bohrium
887:Dubnium
852:Fermium
796:Uranium
782:Thorium
731:Bismuth
689:Iridium
675:Rhenium
654:Hafnium
633:Thulium
619:Holmium
605:Terbium
535:Caesium
484:Cadmium
463:Rhodium
435:Niobium
421:Yttrium
394:Krypton
387:Bromine
373:Arsenic
359:Gallium
280:Calcium
236:Silicon
153:Lithium
72:mercury
68:cadmium
32:fly ash
7512:Sodium
7492:Iodine
7482:Copper
7407:CHONPS
7227:toxins
7223:venoms
7213:Silver
7064:Plants
7009:Apamin
6970:Ancrod
6956:Snakes
6951:Mammal
6902:Other
6659:Oxygen
6488:Silver
6457:Copper
6452:Cobalt
6419:Nickel
6382:Metals
6358:Poison
6289:
5930:Toilet
5920:Sewage
5885:Manure
5709:
5675:
5617:
5609:
5572:
5553:
5547:353–66
5511:
5483:
5473:
5438:
5381:
5362:
5343:
5320:
5301:
5282:
5265:
5226:
5194:
5177:
5125:
5106:
5089:
5081:
5014:
4997:
4951:
4909:
4899:
4878:
4861:
4851:
4766:
4700:
4692:
4653:
4636:
4584:
4574:
4502:
4483:
4453:
4416:
4397:
4352:
4344:
4313:
4296:
4249:
4141:
4122:
4112:
4079:
4048:
4023:
4015:
3997:
3974:
3957:
3914:
2692:eczema
2599:Yunnan
2595:Mongol
2485:among
2418:Strabo
2391:) and
2319:Cancer
2286:Nausea
2230:Anemia
2224:Nausea
2208:Tremor
2184:Nausea
2097:, and
1987:solder
1919:paints
1883:mining
1692:Curium
1636:Radium
1550:Osmium
1494:Erbium
1424:Cerium
1410:Barium
1387:Iodine
1359:Indium
1345:Silver
1213:Copper
1206:Nickel
1199:Cobalt
1118:Sulfur
1081:Sodium
1058:Oxygen
1044:Carbon
1012:Helium
824:Curium
768:Radium
682:Osmium
626:Erbium
556:Cerium
542:Barium
519:Iodine
491:Indium
477:Silver
345:Copper
338:Nickel
331:Cobalt
250:Sulfur
213:Sodium
190:Oxygen
176:Carbon
144:Helium
88:nickel
7459:ulfur
7435:xygen
7419:arbon
7131:plant
7068:Fungi
6939:Birds
5835:Brine
5615:S2CID
5087:S2CID
4698:S2CID
4451:S2CID
4350:S2CID
4044:–28.
4021:S2CID
2813:urine
2767:Human
2699:Orica
2614:cider
2603:Devon
2563:colic
2453:, in
2366:, as
2340:" in
2170:Fever
1899:fuels
1620:Radon
1394:Xenon
1132:Argon
1037:Boron
752:Radon
526:Xenon
264:Argon
169:Boron
56:metal
7522:Zinc
7487:Iron
7124:and
7122:Bite
6839:Fish
6472:Zinc
6462:Iron
6409:Lead
6176:UASB
5707:ISBN
5673:ISBN
5658:2016
5607:PMID
5570:ISBN
5551:ISBN
5509:ISBN
5481:PMID
5436:ISBN
5379:ISBN
5360:ISBN
5341:ISBN
5318:ISBN
5299:ISBN
5280:ISBN
5263:PMID
5224:ISBN
5192:ISBN
5175:ISSN
5123:ISBN
5104:ISBN
5079:PMID
5012:ISBN
4995:ISSN
4949:PMID
4907:ISSN
4897:ISBN
4876:ISBN
4859:PMID
4764:PMID
4690:PMID
4651:ISBN
4634:PMID
4582:PMID
4481:ISBN
4414:ISBN
4395:ISBN
4342:PMID
4311:ISBN
4294:PMID
4247:PMID
4139:ISBN
4120:PMID
4077:PMID
4046:ISBN
4013:PMID
3972:ISBN
3955:ISSN
3912:ISBN
2835:EDTA
2826:CaNa
2651:, a
2565:and
2555:lead
2537:Lead
2529:and
2509:and
2467:gild
2459:gold
2336:and
2334:iron
2215:Lead
1995:mash
1885:and
1592:Lead
1571:Gold
1220:Zinc
1192:Iron
1072:Neon
724:Lead
703:Gold
352:Zinc
324:Iron
204:Neon
106:The
86:and
76:lead
74:and
6623:CHO
6429:Tin
5695:223
5597:doi
5471:PMC
5463:doi
5459:287
5406:doi
5255:doi
5167:doi
5069:doi
4987:doi
4941:doi
4849:PMC
4841:doi
4756:doi
4727:doi
4682:doi
4624:doi
4572:PMC
4564:doi
4531:doi
4441:doi
4334:doi
4330:113
4284:hdl
4276:doi
4226:doi
4214:161
4197:doi
4174:doi
4110:PMC
4102:doi
4069:doi
4005:doi
3947:doi
3935:100
2047:or
2009:(CH
1955:DIY
1366:Tin
498:Tin
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7225:,
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2018:CH
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1969:;
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