421:'Hitting a blot' is when a player moves a man onto an opponent's blot. If this is done on an intermediate point it is called 'nipping a man'. When a blot is hit (or nipped), the man is removed from the board and must be re-entered into the opponent's home table by the number of points on a die throw, e.g. if an Ace is thrown, the man must be re-entered onto the opponent's home point (i.e. Ace point or point 1). If the point is occupied by one opposing man, that man is hit; if occupied by 2 opposing men, it is blocked from entering on that point. Men that are off the board having been hit must be re-entered before any board men may be played. If unable to re-enter, the player misses a turn.
313:
594:("all tablemen") is so named because in the setup the men are spread across all four tables of the board. The game is played on a standard tables board which Alfonso describes as "square" and containing four "tables" each of six points and numbered 1 to 6 from the outside to the centre. There are two dice and two sets of 15 men; the sets being of different colours. The setup in the folio is that illustrated above for variation 1 of the game of Irish.
38:
543:
1214:
321:
388:). Players take turns at rolling two dice. For each die, one man may be moved homewards by the number of points corresponding to that die. Alternatively one man may be moved by the number of points corresponding to the total of both dice, pausing on the intermediate point en route that corresponds to the score on one of them. This is called 'playing at length'.
531:
Double-hand Irish was a four-player, partnership game in which the two players of each side threw the dice in succession and the better throw was played. An exception was that, on the first turn, only one player of the team going first, threw the dice. Willughby reckoned that the double-hand game was
429:
Players are said to have 'bound up their tables' when they have taken all their first six points (with at least 2 men each). A player must 'break up the tables' if the opponent has men to be re-entered by removing all men bar one from a point and re-entering them as if they had been hit. This is done
232:
written in the early 17th century which opens with the line, "Love's like a game at Irish..." Fiske knows nothing of its origin and surmises that it was given the name because it was unlike the familiar game and "as nobody knew whence it came it might as well be baptized Irish as anything else." Hyde
597:
The men move according to the throw of the dice; each man moving by the number rolled on a die. Players move around the board from their ace point (home point) to their bearing table. A single man on a point is liable to be captured if the opponent is able to move a man onto that point. Men that are
223:
says that "In fowle weather, we send for some honest neighbours, if happely wee bee without wives, alone at home (as seldome we are) and with them we play at Dice and Cards, sorting our selves according to the number of
Players, and their skill, some in Ticktacke, some Lurche, some to Irish game, or
583:
The games uses a standard tables board, albeit with semi-circular cut-outs in the border at the base of each point to hold a circular piece. There are fifteen men per side and two dice. The rules of play are very similar to Irish, but the starting layout is debated since some sources argue that the
254:
in 1689, a poetic caricature of the rural Irish, we read that "The priests that lodge upon this Common, Do play at Irish and Bac-Gammon..." thus suggesting that the game was also played in
Ireland at the time and that, like backgammon, was a favourite pastime of the clergy.
347:
Second variation. This is the same as modern backgammon. If the points are numbered from 1 to 12 on the player's side of the board and 13 to 24 on the opponent's side (see diagram), then each player places 5 men on point 6, 3 on point 8, 5 on point 13 and 2 on point
584:
text does not describe the layout portrayed in the associated illustration, which corresponds to the 2nd variant in Irish described above. Several conclude that it must have had the same starting layout as backgammon; others that the illustration is right.
514:
Compared with early backgammon, the modern game has added the doubling cube and introduced further rule changes. The tables board now has a 'bar' and pieces are moved to the bar when hit instead of just being off the table. Winning double is now called a
402:
A player 'takes a point' by moving two men to the same empty point or 'binds a man' when a second man is played to a point already occupied by one of his or her own men. If this is achieved using both dice, it is 'binding at length'.
470:
was played if a player rolled low numbers at first and was forced to change his plan by, e.g. leaving blots on purpose in order to encourage them to be hit, so they could be re-entered to impede the opponent's progress.
661:
Cotton's account does not make clear which side of the board a player's men are placed, but his subsequent description of play means they must all start on the opponent's side. It may be an older mode of
722:
Some authors take this to mean that each set of 15 men is divided among all four tables, but this is not explicit nor what the illustration shows. However, the ensuing textual description is confusing.
391:
Players may "play upon any point that has no men upon it" or one that has one or more of their own men. They may also move a man onto a point with only one opposing man, in which case the latter is '
272:
which was published in 1674 and reprinted until 1750. Fiske says it was "evidently much played in the 17th and 18th centuries." After that, the game of Irish fell into obscurity apart from the term
1036:(Critical edition of Willughby's volume containing descriptions of games and pastimes, c.1660-1672. Manuscript in the Middleton collection, University of Nottingham; document reference Mi LM 14)
399:
and cannot be played upon. To 'play at length', the intermediate point, as well as the destination point, must not be blocked. A player may have any number of men on one point simultaneously.
637:
See e.g. Johnson (1818) "Aftergame. scheme which may be laid, or the expedients which are practised after the original design has miscarried; methods taken after the first turn of affairs."
175:. In its day, Irish was "esteemed among the best games at Tables." Its name notwithstanding, Irish was one of the most international forms of tables games, the equivalent of French
605:
occurs when one captures so many of the opponent's men that he then does not have points upon which to enter them and thus loses the game. A tie occurs if neither player can move.
454:
was the preferred tactic whereby the player, aided by rolling high numbers, played his or her men off the board without having had any of them removed by the opponent. The
484:
Backgammon, in its earliest version, introduced a number of changes to Irish and subsequently ousted it in popularity during the 18th century. The main differences were:
680:
Neither Cotton nor
Willughby describe bearing off in detail, so it is assumed to follow the standard practice of the time, which is also the same as at backgammon.
523:
has changed and is now scored if a player bears all pieces off the board while the opponent still has pieces on the 'bar' or in the player's home table.
945:
418:' is a single man on a point that is within range of one or more opposing men. It is a 'blot of die' if within 6 or fewer points of an opposing man.
438:
Once all of a player's men have reached the home table, they may be borne off in the usual way. The first to bear off all 15 men wins the game.
1253:
598:
doubled up cannot be so captured. Captured men must be re-entered into the home table. Once men reach the bearing table they are borne off.
498:
The game could be won triple if a player bore off all 15 men before any of the opponent's men reached the home board. Cotton called this a
344:. Each player begins with all 15 men on the opponent's side of the board: 2 on point 24, 5 on point 19, 3 on point 17 and 5 on point 13.
171:
for two players that was popular from the 16th to the mid-18th centuries before being superseded by its derivative, the "faster paced"
300:, move. There are 30 men, 15 for each player in a separate colour, usually black and white. Two dice are used and each player has a
1228:
935:
1140:
495:
The game could be won double if a) the winning throw was a doublet or b) the opponent still had some men outside the home board
1061:
1020:
430:
by both players throwing the dice; the one throwing the highest total on the two dice chooses which point is to be broken.
204:
which was older. There is no evidence that it was particularly linked with
Ireland, although it was played there too.
1474:
1029:
288:. Willughby describes a typical board of two halves, hinged in the middle and divided into four 'tables' each of six
1469:
1434:
1429:
248:, although Irish was assessed to be the "more serious and solid game" and "of all games at Tables... the best." In
519:
and is achieved if a player bears all pieces off the board before the opponent has borne any. The definition of
955:
1450:
612:
with
Backgammon, but Alfonso's rules describe a much more basic game and the illustrated setup is different.
1479:
194:
17:
1133:
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569:
406:'Playing at home' or 'playing in one's own tables' means playing men on one's own side of the board.
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which was used figuratively to refer to measures taken after an initial plan had misfired.
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262:'s manuscript of English games written c. 1660-1677, and a less detailed account in
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Presumably only if it is in front of the opposing man i.e. at risk of being hit.
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Cotton adds that the game could be won quadruple if the winning throw of a
285:
1366:
1346:
1296:
1188:
1149:
219:, and was a game at which he was apparently a "great hand". In 1586, the
168:
139:
576:, where it was one of just three games permitted by the town council of
1301:
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381:
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364:(points 1 to 6 for Black and 19 to 24 for White) and then be first to
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is mentioned as early as 1507 being played by the
Scottish king,
652:, although scholars do not agree what layout the text describes.
328:
The following rules are based on
Willughby except where stated.
1273:
1258:
1118:
577:
573:
1018:(2003). Forgeng, Jeff; Johnston, Dorothy; Cram, David (eds.).
395:' (see below). A point with two or more opposing men on it is
1376:
1371:
1336:
1311:
1268:
1233:
1198:
224:
Dublets." Its popularity in
Scotland is reinforced by a poem
731:
For example, Casey (1851), p. 32 and Dufief (1825), p. 198.
320:
116:
884:
at bckg.pagesperso-orange.fr. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
506:
The game was thus faster and higher scoring than Irish.
881:
Archivo
Municipal de Daroca, Libro de Estatutos - 1414
336:
Cotton (1674) gives two alternative starting setups:
200:
The name may have been coined to distinguish it from
897:
244:
By the mid-17th century, it was being challenged by
943:
1461:
947:Verse in English from Eighteenth Century Ireland
352:Willughby only describes the second variation.
187:, the latter name first being used in the 1283
934:Brand, John and William Carew Hazlitt (1870).
587:Alfonso's rules may be summarised as follows:
558:Irish has been equated to the Spanish game of
1134:
837:Willughby (2003), pp. 123-126 (folios 37-43).
193:, a translation of Arabic manuscripts by the
380:for each player is from the 24 point to the
154:, todas tablas, toutes tables, totis tabulis
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
1141:
1127:
866:
864:
492:is thrown, the player plays each die twice
36:
1014:
854:
852:
758:Forgeng, Johnson and Cram (2003), p. 269.
532:"duller and worse than the single hand."
820:
541:
479:
474:
424:
360:The aim is to move all one's men to the
319:
311:
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14:
1462:
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221:English Courtier and Country Gentleman
1122:
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911:
608:Some historical sources have equated
340:First variation. This is the same as
324:Setup (variation 2): White at the top
316:Setup (variation 1): White at the top
48:, contemporary with the game of Irish
1062:A Dictionary of the English Language
870:Alfonso X (1283), fols. 77v and 78r.
797:
526:
509:
745:
628:Presumably "Irish Gammon" is meant.
24:
710:are defined slightly differently,
562:, the rules for which appeared in
331:
25:
1491:
1021:Francis Willughby's Book of Games
1010:. New York: Tompkins & Floyd.
785:Brand and Hazlitt (1870), p. 339.
409:
1212:
1148:
1065:. Vol. 1. London: Strahan.
1106:. Vol. 3. London: Murray.
950:. Cork: Cork University Press.
944:Carpenter, Andrew, ed. (1998).
873:
840:
725:
716:
696:
683:
674:
665:
655:
640:
631:
537:
284:Irish was played on a standard
1264:Long Nardy (Narde, Long Nardi)
817:Howell (1635), Vol. 2, No. 68.
811:
788:
779:
770:
761:
622:
433:
258:The earliest rules go back to
13:
1:
1081:The Poems of Sir Robert Ayton
967:The Anglo-Hispano Interpreter
940:. London: John Russell Smith.
891:
738:
572:. By 1414 it had spread to
65:
1078:Roger, Charles, ed. (1844).
930:(4). London: Henderson: 609.
907:. Toledo: Royal Scriptorium.
615:
279:
195:Toledo School of Translators
57:Irish Gamyne, the Irish Game
7:
969:. Barcelona: Francis Oliva.
858:Cotton (1674), pp. 154–155.
776:Anon. (April 1833), p. 609.
371:
10:
1496:
1290:Games of contrary movement
1222:Games of parallel movement
1103:Lives of Scottish Worthies
916:Lives of Scottish Worthies
441:
207:
1448:
1417:
1386:
1289:
1221:
1210:
1156:
1008:La Naturaleza Descubierta
570:King Alfonso X of Castile
145:
123:
111:
101:
93:
75:
61:
53:
35:
1475:16th-century board games
846:Carpenter (1998), p. 44.
307:
1470:Historical tables games
965:Casey, William (1851).
1387:Games without movement
1098:Tytler, Patrick Fraser
937:Customs and Ceremonies
904:El Libro de los Juegos
767:Tytler (1833), p. 342.
649:El Libro de los Juegos
565:El Libro de los Juegos
555:
552:El Libro de los Juegos
355:
325:
317:
190:El Libro de los Juegos
167:was an Anglo-Scottish
42:Tables board from the
27:Tables game in Britain
1249:Jacquet de Versailles
980:The Compleat Gamester
808:Fiske (1905), p. 159.
568:published in 1283 by
545:
480:Historical backgammon
475:Backgammon comparison
425:Binding up the tables
323:
315:
269:The Compleat Gamester
241:without explanation.
1276:(Turkish backgammon)
1084:. Edinburgh: Black.
1024:. Farnham: Ashgate.
912:Anon. (April 1833).
899:Alfonso X of Castile
794:Roger (1844), p. 51.
1480:British board games
1430:Tables (historical)
1174:Duodecim Scriptorum
71:to mid-18th century
32:
1379:(Greek backgammon)
1016:Willughby, Francis
923:The Monthly Review
556:
458:, also called the
326:
318:
251:The Irish Hudibras
30:
1457:
1456:
590:We are told that
527:Double-hand Irish
510:Modern backgammon
376:The direction of
260:Francis Willughby
226:The Game of Irish
158:
157:
16:(Redirected from
1487:
1425:Tables (current)
1327:Ludus Anglicorum
1282:(Swedish tables)
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1194:Royal Game of Ur
1164:Dogs and Jackals
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1045:Familiar Letters
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202:the English Game
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983:. London: A.M.
975:Cotton, Charles
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550:illustrated in
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332:Starting layout
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292:upon which the
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146:Related games:
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1047:. Vol. 2.
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994:Modern reprint
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914:"Article XXV:
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693:was a doublet.
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446:In Irish, the
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410:Hitting a blot
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368:them all off.
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264:Charles Cotton
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165:the Irish Game
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1307:English game
1150:Tables games
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213:Irish gamyne
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185:todas tablas
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183:and Spanish
181:tavole reale
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62:Years active
43:
18:Todas Tablas
1435:Terminology
1409:Ofanfelling
1347:Tourne case
1297:Acey-deucey
1157:Forerunners
1057:"Aftergame"
691:Back-Gammon
500:Back-Gammon
456:latter game
434:Bearing off
296:, known as
235:tictac seu
169:tables game
140:probability
69: 1507
54:Other names
1464:Categories
1440:Backgammon
1418:Categories
1317:Irish game
1302:Backgammon
957:1859181031
892:Literature
739:References
708:backgammon
521:backgammon
464:after game
382:home point
362:home table
246:backgammon
239:Hibernorum
179:, Italian
173:backgammon
148:Backgammon
80:Board game
1357:Ssangryuk
1269:Moultezim
1112:500019983
1090:557596756
989:558875155
702:Today, a
616:Footnotes
468:aftergame
460:back game
448:fore game
386:ace point
280:Equipment
274:aftergame
233:calls it
88:Dice game
84:Race game
45:Mary Rose
1451:Glossary
1404:Doublets
1362:Sugoroku
1352:Trictrac
1342:Ticktack
1280:Verquere
1239:Gul bara
1100:(1833).
1071:50161172
1055:(1818).
1043:(1635).
1006:(1825).
977:(1674).
901:(1273).
452:foregame
372:Movement
302:dice cup
237:trictrac
217:James IV
136:counting
128:Strategy
119:rolling)
115:Medium (
106:contrary
102:Movement
1332:Plakoto
1322:Lourche
1244:Jacquet
1184:Knossos
1169:Grammai
554:(1283).
490:doublet
442:Tactics
397:blocked
208:History
152:English
132:tactics
94:Players
1399:Doblet
1337:Portes
1274:Tawula
1259:Laquet
1229:Barail
1204:Tabula
1110:
1088:
1069:
1028:
987:
954:
704:gammon
578:Daroca
574:Aragon
517:gammon
294:pieces
290:points
124:Skills
112:Chance
76:Genres
1377:Tavli
1372:Tavla
1312:Gioul
1254:Kotra
1234:Fevga
1199:Senet
662:play.
488:If a
378:march
308:Rules
161:Irish
31:Irish
1367:Tapa
1189:Nard
1108:OCLC
1086:OCLC
1067:OCLC
1026:ISBN
985:OCLC
952:ISBN
712:q.v.
706:and
601:The
416:blot
366:bear
117:dice
466:or
450:or
414:A '
393:hit
356:Aim
348:24.
298:men
266:'s
228:by
163:or
1466::
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863:^
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66:c.
1142:e
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1128:v
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384:(
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20:)
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