577:
33:
516:(Netherlands Chamber of Culture) when that institution was established by the Nazi regime on 25 November 1941. In this capacity, he attempted to entice artists to register by creating new prizes and increasing the salaries afforded to performers. He sponsored several exhibitions, seeking to promote Dutch culture "in the light of its responsibility towards the national community". At the same time, however, he enforced the belief that "blood determines everything". The chamber required candidates to submit an
472:
345:, he was dismissed from the party and resigned from his station. Appointed professor of philosophy at Utrecht University by the regime, Goedewaagen fled the Netherlands in 1944 for Germany. He was arrested in 1946, extradited to the Netherlands, tried, and sentenced in 1948 to twelve years' imprisonment. After receiving amnesty in 1952, Goedewaagen worked as a private tutor and published several works pseudonymously.
633:
On 15 December 1948, Goedewaagen was sentenced to twelve years' imprisonment, minus time served, and was stripped of his right to vote and hold office. He served less than four years, being released on 17 April 1952 as part of an amnesty deal. Banned from journalistic activities until 1965,
527:
Goedewaagen was dismissed from the NSB on 28 January 1943, at which time he resigned from his station. In his memoirs, Goedewaagen attributed this dismissal to conflict with
Mussert over the department's approach to propaganda. Feeling that the secretary-general failed to follow the example set
629:
began on 1 December, with prosecutor Frans van Voorst tot Voorst demanding fifteen years' imprisonment for
Goedewaagen, whom he denounced as a "first-class know-it-all who would never have advanced in normal times". In his defence against charges that he had mandated the viewing of propaganda
543:
to lead the propaganda division of the
Department of Public Information and the Arts. Goedewaagen attempted to get Voorhoeve to swear he would follow the secretary-general's direction, but this did not happen. Ultimately, Goedewaagen was ordered to report to a disciplinary board, and he refused.
642:
Goedewaagen was married twice. On 10 June 1919, he married Anna Bertha de Roos, with whom he had a son and a daughter. The couple divorced on 20 December 1928. On 19 June 1930, Goedewaagen married
Geertruida Hendrika Johanna Vruink. His son Tobie became a poet, with several works published in
524:, and Goedewaagen vigorously promoted the elimination of Jewish artists and the banning of works produced by them. Between the politicization of art and the chamber's racial policies, Goedewaagen thus faced heavy resistance from artists, even with compulsory registration.
630:
films, pressured media companies to publish images, and dissolved broadcasting associations, Goedewaagen argued that he had taken his wartime actions to prevent a greater calamity. He did not, however, renounce his involvement in the NSB.
404:
philosophy at
Utrecht University; he delivered a public lecture on philosophy and worldviews on 8 October 1928. During this period, he established the Society for Critical Philosophy and, in 1931, became the editor of the
555:
as professor of philosophy. There, he was received coolly by the faculty and ignored by his colleagues. He delivered lectures on theoretical philosophy and the history of philosophy and psychology, with subjects including
479:
Released from prison after the Dutch government capitulated to the
Germans, Goedewaagen joined the NSB in June 1940. In September, he was entrusted with the party's press affairs; by this point, he had already served the
499:
284:
1541:
484:
by organizing the
Information Council for the Dutch Press and the Association of Dutch Journalists. Although Goedewaagen was dismissed by more senior members of the NSB, his efforts to
568:. Students were scarce, with many potential candidates refusing to complete the declaration of loyalty required for enrolment. Goedewaagen published extensively during this period.
649:
in 1956. In a 1970 letter, the younger
Goedewaagen wrote that his father disapproved of his poems, claiming that they were too negative or failed to adhere to classical standards.
1450:
604:. With the end of the Second World War, however, he was unable to escape the repercussions of his actions, and he was arrested by the British on 29 May 1946 in
1399:
634:
Goedewaagen became a private tutor at the
Vermazen Institute in the Hague. He published several works pseudonymously. He died in the Hague on 4 January 1980.
1445:
1440:
1064:
1536:
1060:
533:
353:
Goedewaagen was born in
Amsterdam on 15 March 1895. He was the elder of two sons born to the banker Cornelis Tobie Goedewaagen, the founder of the
504:
289:
1521:
1313:
600:
with his family, his possessions wrapped in a bedspread hung on his back. They fled for Germany, and Goedewaagen earned a research degree from
433:
354:
322:
136:
1491:
1145:
999:
975:
341:
Goedewaagen sought to nazify the press and enable political control of the arts. However, after coming into conflict with NSB chairman
1526:
1531:
1261:
1511:
1308:
283:(15 March 1895 – 4 January 1980) was a Dutch philosopher and politician. He served as the first secretary general of the
1230:
498:
for the occupied Netherlands. Consequently, on 28 November of that year, he was made the first secretary general of the new
417:
141:
668:... de Nederlandsche kultuur in het licht van haar verantwoordelijkheid tegenover de volksgemeenschap te bevorderen
1516:
1501:
460:
326:
413:). He contested Utrecht University's philosophy professorship when Ovink stepped down in 1932, but was unsuccessful.
1123:
1003:
416:
Goedewaagen began developing an interest in politics. Believing that the Netherlands was in a decline, he joined the
1344:
597:
576:
1506:
481:
295:
1318:
1303:
1068:
1424:
1254:
309:, receiving his doctorate in 1923. He was teaching in private lectures two years later, focusing on post-
1109:
808:
1460:
1414:
1096:
616:
615:
Goedewaagen was held for four days, then extradited to the Netherlands. Awaiting trial, he wrote about
513:
299:
1035:
1293:
1047:
1404:
1239:
1197:
1133:
940:
698:... een betweter eersteklas, die in normale tijden geen voet aan de grond zou hebben gekregen
1359:
1157:
1185:
1173:
1084:
1023:
1007:
32:
1247:
916:
593:
983:
329:
he joined that party. Goedewaagen's work along with the press was recognised by Austrian Nazi
1496:
1083:
814:
626:
451:
and resigned from the Society for Critical Philosophy. Instead, he began contributing to the
447:
In line with these beliefs, in 1937 Goedewaagen stepped down from the editorial board of the
1486:
1481:
1364:
1323:
489:
441:
379:
Ultimately, however, Goedewaagen was dissatisfied with the subject. He thus transferred to
335:
383:, where he studied philosophy under Bernard Jan Hendrik Ovink. He also began studying the
8:
1298:
475:
Goedewaagen (far left) speaking at a 1941 meeting of the Association of Dutch Journalists
364:, and Anna Bakker. Tobie had a comfortable upbringing, completing his primary studies in
1172:
946:
552:
538:
384:
380:
306:
245:
1419:
1226:
1119:
620:
601:
517:
1455:
1409:
1196:
922:
796:
373:
80:
257:
1379:
1374:
1354:
784:
529:
494:
485:
359:
331:
313:
philosophy. After he was refused a professorship in 1932, he began reading about
1050:[Goedewaagen Wanted to Place Himself Between the Occupier and People].
565:
455:, an NSB publication. By 1938, he had become an editor of the weekly magazine
1475:
1394:
1389:
1384:
979:
928:
585:
521:
429:
421:
342:
314:
1099:[The Kultuurkamer – Art and Culture in the Second World War].
1349:
1219:
Tobie Goedewaagen (1895–1980): Een Onverbeterlijke Nationaalsocialist
437:
390:
De logische rechtvaardiging der zedelijkheid bij Fichte, Schelling en Hegel
259:
De logische rechtvaardiging der zedelijkheid bij Fichte, Schelling en Hegel
837:
835:
302:(Netherlands Chamber of Culture) that had been established by the regime.
1278:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
425:
318:
1034:
802:
459:. He was made editor-in-chief in early May 1940. Two days after Germany
1223:
Tobie Goedewaagen (1895–1980): An Incorrigible National Socialist
832:
609:
557:
240:
1184:
790:
714:
400:
Within two years, Goedewaagen was delivering private lectures on post-
338:, resulting in his appointment as secretary general in November 1940.
47:
Secretary General of the Department of Public Information and the Arts
1339:
395:
The Logical Justification of Morality by Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel
369:
125:
108:
1269:
892:
512:
As secretary general, Goedewaagen became the first president of the
952:
820:
645:
612:. His professorship in Utrecht had been revoked the previous year.
561:
605:
471:
1270:
1046:
934:
815:
Het Nationale Dagblad 1941, Instelling Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer
365:
1274:
1153:
1087:[Establishment of the Netherlands Chamber of Culture].
252:
904:
589:
548:
1144:
841:
1097:"Kultuurkamer – Kunst en Cultuur in de Tweede Wereldoorlog"
998:
947:
Nieuwsblad van Friesland 1948, Twaalf Jaar voor Goedewaagen
737:
420:
in 1933. Through his readings, he became familiar with the
401:
310:
1542:
National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands politicians
372:. After finishing secondary school, he attempted to study
1048:"Goedewaagen wilde zich plaatsen tussen bezetter en volk"
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
625:; he also began working on his memoirs. His trial by the
1451:
34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland
1095:
974:
898:
826:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
1022:
958:
923:
Het Parool 1948, Vijftien jaar geëist tegen Goedewaagen
305:
The son of a banker, Goedewaagen studied philosophy at
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
847:
1446:
23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland
1054:(in Dutch). The Hague. 1 December 1948. pp. 1–2.
743:
387:. In 1923, Goedewaagen defended his doctoral thesis,
1441:
4th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Netherlands
1180:(in Dutch). Heerenveen. 15 December 1948. p. 1.
1065:
Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands
1186:"Volksvoorlichting als Onderdeel van de Staatstaak"
871:
859:
1204:(in Dutch). Amsterdam. 2 December 1948. p. 3.
1200:[Fifteen Years Demanded for Goedewaagen].
1132:
1042:(in Dutch). Rotterdam. 9 January 1980. p. 17.
910:
551:, spread by the NSB, Goedewaagen was appointed to
1030:(in Dutch). Rotterdam. 24 August 1970. p. 2.
436:(NSB), in 1936, and in 1938 he travelled through
1473:
1192:(in Dutch). Arnhem. 28 November 1940. p. 7.
1140:(in Dutch). Meppel. 11 January 1980. p. 17.
1091:(in Dutch). Leiden. 26 November 1941. p. 2.
509:that had been established by the Nazi regime.
1188:[Public Information as a State Task].
434:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
323:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
137:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
1255:
500:Department of Public Information and the Arts
285:Department of Public Information and the Arts
803:Algemeen Dagblad 1980, Goedewaagen overleden
321:. He contributed to the publications of the
16:Dutch philosopher and politician (1895–1980)
1178:Nieuwsblad van Friesland: Hepkema's Courant
696:
681:
666:
388:
58:28 November 1940 – 28 January 1943
1537:Prisoners and detainees of the Netherlands
1262:
1248:
1058:
791:Arnhemsche Courant 1940, Volksvoorlichting
778:
463:on 10 May, Goedewaagen was arrested.
31:
1198:"Vijftien jaar geëist tegen Goedewaagen"
1176:[Twelve Years for Goedewaagen].
575:
547:Amid rumours that his children were non-
470:
176:
1085:"Instelling Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer"
1474:
1309:National Socialist Dutch Workers Party
1216:
1116:The Clandestine Books, 1940–1945
444:to learn from the Nazi institutions.
1522:Dutch collaborators with Nazi Germany
1243:
1111:Het Clandestiene Boek 1940–1945
1107:
935:Het Binnenhof 1948, Goedewaagen wilde
886:
865:
853:
528:by Nazi Germany's chief propagandist
1492:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
652:
418:Alliance for National Reconstruction
294:, an institution established by the
200:
168:
142:Alliance for National Reconstruction
580:Goedewaagen (center) on trial, 1948
13:
1210:
978:[Mad Tuesday] (in Dutch).
466:
422:eugenics practised in Nazi Germany
186:Geertruida Hendrika Johanna Vruink
14:
1553:
1225:] (in Dutch). De Bezige Bij.
1004:Parlementair Documentatie Centrum
296:Nazi German occupation government
1061:"Goedewaagen, Tobie (1895–1980)"
842:Traces of War, Tobie Goedewaagen
172:
1527:20th-century Dutch philosophers
738:PDC, Dr. T. (Tobie) Goedewaagen
689:
397:), and graduated with honours.
196:
164:
1532:20th-century Dutch politicians
1345:Daniël de Blocq van Scheltinga
1174:"Twaalf Jaar voor Goedewaagen"
967:
674:
659:
1:
1512:People from Vechta (district)
708:
596:, Goedewaagen was spotted at
571:
488:the press were recognized by
407:Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte
348:
1304:General Dutch Fascist League
1287:Political parties and groups
1038:[Goedewaagen dies].
1000:"Dr. T. (Tobie) Goedewaagen"
899:Verzetsmuseum, Dolle Dinsdag
827:Historiek 2022, Kultuurkamer
7:
1425:H. A. Sinclair de Rochemont
1314:National Socialist Movement
1217:Berkel, Benien van (2013).
1103:(in Dutch). 6 October 2022.
959:Het Vrije Volk 1970, Fikkie
584:On 5 September 1944, after
532:, Mussert had arranged for
10:
1558:
1461:Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer
1415:Meinoud Rost van Tonningen
617:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
514:Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer
300:Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer
1517:Utrecht University alumni
1502:Nazis convicted of crimes
1433:
1332:
1286:
637:
274:
270:
266:
251:
239:
234:
230:
226:
218:
210:
148:
132:
115:
95:
90:
86:
74:
62:
51:
46:
42:
30:
23:
1405:Ernst Herman van Rappard
627:Special Court of Justice
1360:Cornelis van Geelkerken
1108:Lewin, Lisette (1983).
1059:Groeneveld, EG (2013).
1036:"Goedewaagen overleden"
683:Het bloed bepaalt alles
461:invaded the Netherlands
424:, and became a fervent
911:Trouw 1980, Personalia
697:
682:
667:
592:had been liberated by
581:
476:
389:
1507:People from Amsterdam
1089:Het Nationale Dagblad
579:
482:occupation government
474:
325:(NSB), and after the
317:and became a fervent
1400:Sebastiaan de Ranitz
1365:Robert van Genechten
1324:Nationale Jeugdstorm
1136:[Personal].
1071:on 29 September 2022
492:, the Austrian Nazi
490:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
442:Robert van Genechten
432:, the leader of the
336:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
222:Academic, politician
1299:Dutch Fascist Union
1146:"Tobie Goedewaagen"
1118:]. Van Gennep.
385:classical languages
235:Academic background
154:Anna Bertha de Roos
37:Goedewaagen in 1941
1190:Arnhemsche Courant
1010:on 10 January 2023
586:broadcasts alleged
582:
553:Utrecht University
477:
381:Utrecht University
307:Utrecht University
246:Utrecht University
1469:
1468:
1420:Hendrik Seyffardt
1370:Tobie Goedewaagen
1232:978-90-234-7639-9
856:, pp. 71–72.
653:Explanatory notes
602:Berlin University
518:Aryan certificate
281:Tobie Goedewaagen
278:
277:
25:Tobie Goedewaagen
1549:
1456:Henneicke Column
1434:Related articles
1410:Hermannus Reydon
1264:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1156:. Archived from
1141:
1129:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1067:. Archived from
1055:
1043:
1040:Algemeen Dagblad
1031:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1006:. Archived from
995:
993:
991:
986:on 8 August 2022
982:. Archived from
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
741:
735:
702:
700:
693:
687:
685:
678:
672:
670:
663:
542:
508:
392:
374:Dutch literature
363:
293:
204:
202:
198:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
122:
105:
103:
91:Personal details
81:Hermannus Reydon
77:
65:
56:
35:
21:
20:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1429:
1380:George Kettmann
1375:Alfred Haighton
1355:Henk Feldmeijer
1328:
1282:
1268:
1233:
1213:
1211:Further reading
1208:
1163:
1161:
1160:on 13 June 2024
1126:
1074:
1072:
1013:
1011:
989:
987:
976:"Dolle Dinsdag"
970:
965:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:
929:
921:
917:
909:
905:
897:
893:
885:
872:
864:
860:
852:
848:
840:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
801:
797:
789:
785:
779:Groeneveld 2013
777:
744:
736:
715:
711:
706:
705:
694:
690:
679:
675:
664:
660:
655:
640:
598:Utrecht station
574:
536:
534:Ernst Voorhoeve
530:Joseph Goebbels
520:to prove their
502:
495:reichskommissar
469:
467:Nazi occupation
453:Nieuw-Nederland
357:
351:
332:reichskommissar
327:German invasion
287:
206:
194:
190:
187:
183:
182:
162:
158:
155:
140:
133:Political party
124:
120:
107:
101:
99:
75:
63:
57:
52:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:National Union
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1142:
1130:
1124:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1028:Het Vrije Volk
1020:
996:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:
951:
939:
927:
915:
903:
891:
870:
858:
846:
831:
819:
807:
795:
783:
742:
712:
710:
707:
704:
703:
688:
673:
657:
656:
654:
651:
639:
636:
573:
570:
566:Kantian ethics
468:
465:
428:. He met with
376:in Amsterdam.
350:
347:
298:, and led the
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
255:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
192:
188:
185:
184:
160:
156:
153:
152:
150:
146:
145:
134:
130:
129:
123:(aged 84)
119:4 January 1980
117:
113:
112:
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
69:Office created
66:
60:
59:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1554:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Anton Mussert
1393:
1391:
1390:Arnold Meijer
1388:
1386:
1385:Wouter Lutkie
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:Traces of War
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1125:9789060125502
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1052:Het Binnenhof
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
985:
981:
980:Verzetsmuseum
977:
973:
972:
960:
955:
948:
943:
936:
931:
924:
919:
912:
907:
900:
895:
889:, p. 63.
888:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
868:, p. 62.
867:
862:
855:
850:
843:
838:
836:
828:
823:
816:
811:
804:
799:
792:
787:
780:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
739:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
713:
699:
692:
684:
677:
669:
662:
658:
650:
648:
647:
635:
631:
628:
624:
623:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:Allied forces
591:
587:
578:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
550:
545:
540:
535:
531:
525:
523:
522:racial purity
519:
515:
510:
506:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
483:
473:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Anton Mussert
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
403:
398:
396:
391:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
361:
356:
346:
344:
343:Anton Mussert
339:
337:
334:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:Nazi eugenics
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
291:
286:
282:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
151:
147:
143:
138:
135:
131:
128:, Netherlands
127:
118:
114:
111:, Netherlands
110:
106:15 March 1895
98:
94:
89:
85:
82:
79:
73:
70:
67:
61:
55:
50:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1497:Nazi culture
1369:
1350:Max Blokzijl
1222:
1218:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:the original
1152:(in Dutch).
1149:
1137:
1134:"Personalia"
1115:
1110:
1100:
1088:
1073:. Retrieved
1069:the original
1063:(in Dutch).
1051:
1039:
1027:
1012:. Retrieved
1008:the original
1002:(in Dutch).
988:. Retrieved
984:the original
954:
942:
930:
918:
906:
894:
861:
849:
822:
810:
798:
786:
691:
676:
661:
644:
641:
632:
621:
614:
583:
546:
526:
511:
493:
478:
456:
452:
448:
446:
438:Nazi Germany
415:
410:
406:
399:
394:
378:
355:Incasso Bank
352:
340:
330:
304:
280:
279:
262: (1923)
258:
121:(1980-01-04)
76:Succeeded by
68:
53:
18:
1487:1980 deaths
1482:1895 births
1294:Black Front
1279:Netherlands
968:Works cited
680:Original: "
665:Original: "
537: [
503: [
426:anti-Semite
358: [
319:anti-Semite
288: [
144:(1933–1936)
139:(1936–1945)
64:Preceded by
1476:Categories
1281:until 1945
1202:Het Parool
887:Lewin 1983
866:Lewin 1983
854:Lewin 1983
709:References
695:Original "
610:Westphalia
572:Later life
558:Heraclitus
349:Early life
241:Alma mater
219:Occupation
171:;
102:1895-03-15
1340:Jan Baars
1101:Historiek
370:Hilversum
149:Spouse(s)
126:The Hague
109:Amsterdam
54:In office
1024:"Fikkie"
646:Maatstaf
619:and his
562:Eleatics
211:Children
1277:in the
1271:Fascism
1164:13 June
1075:12 June
1014:11 June
990:11 June
457:De Waag
409:(later
402:Kantian
366:Utrecht
311:Kantian
205:
193:
189:
181:
161:
157:
1333:People
1275:Nazism
1229:
1154:STIWOT
1122:
638:Family
564:, and
560:, the
486:nazify
253:Thesis
199:
175:
167:
1221:[
1138:Trouw
1114:[
622:Faust
606:Löhne
590:Breda
588:that
549:Aryan
541:]
507:]
440:with
362:]
292:]
203:)
195:(
191:
179:)
163:(
159:
1273:and
1227:ISBN
1166:2024
1120:ISBN
1077:2024
1016:2024
992:2024
449:ANTW
411:ANTW
368:and
201:1930
177:1928
173:div.
169:1919
116:Died
96:Born
608:in
1478::
1148:.
1026:.
873:^
834:^
745:^
716:^
701:".
686:."
671:."
539:nl
505:nl
360:nl
290:nl
197:m.
165:m.
1263:e
1256:t
1249:v
1235:.
1168:.
1128:.
1079:.
1018:.
994:.
961:.
949:.
937:.
925:.
913:.
901:.
844:.
829:.
817:.
805:.
793:.
781:.
740:.
393:(
214:2
104:)
100:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)