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In the
English text of Article 2, signatories are assured that "the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties" would remain for so long as they chose. In the Māori text, signatories are assured that their
277:('absolutely sovereignty' or 'highest chieftainship') would remain undisturbed. The apparent inconsistency led to much debate as to whether the Māori signatories intended to cede their sovereignty to the British Crown at all: a debate now definitively resolved by the
93:
It has become one of the most contentious phrases in retrospective analyses of the treaty amid debate surrounding the obligations that were agreed to by each signatory. The phrase features in current historical and political discourse on race relations in
190:
In the
English text of Article 1 of the treaty, the Māori signatories cede their sovereignty to the British Crown. For the Māori text, since there was no direct Māori translation for the idea, the missionary neologism
142:
makes the word an abstract noun referring to the quality or attributes of chieftainship. The word is also translated as 'chiefly autonomy', or 'kingdom', referencing the 'chiefly authority' and domain of the chief.
79:
to express "full exclusive and undisturbed possession" over Māori-owned lands and property, but different translations have drastically different implications for the relationship between the 1840 signatories: the
64:
term that translates literally to 'highest chieftainship' or 'unqualified chieftainship', but is also translated as "self-determination", "sovereignty" and "absolute sovereignty". The very translation of
347:
flag is often referred to as the national Māori flag and can be used to represent all Māori. Hiraina
Marsden, Jan Smith and Linda Munn designed the flag in 1989. It uses black, white, and red as
116:
1681:
289:
The original Māori text of article two with a literal translation by
Professor I. H. Kawharu, as published in the Report of the Royal Commission on Social Policy in 1988 (bold added):
151:
is used as an intensifier, indicating that something is true, genuine or unrivalled. The addition in this context means the phrase can be translated as 'highest chieftainship'.
253:: "te tino rangatiratanga o ratou wenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa", literally "the absolute chieftainship of your lands, your homes, and all your treasures/
28:
690:
120:
The
Declaration of Independence of the United Tribes of New Zealand, made to the British Resident in New Zealand on 28 October 1835. The phrase
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802:
It was designed in 1990 by
Hiraina Marsden, Jan Smith and Linda Munn, and was the winning design in a national contest to find a "Māori Flag".
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is important to Māori and New
Zealand culture and politics. Here the phrase is highlighted as it appears in the printed copies of the
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The intention of the phrase was to "emphasize to a chief the Queen's intention to give the complete control according to
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355:, suggesting the sky, the earth, and the physical realm of light and being, which was created when they were separated.
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199:('governorship') was used to represent the concept of sovereignty. That word was based on the transliteration of
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Ko te Kuini o
Ingarani ka wakarite ka wakaae ki nga Rangatira ki nga hapu – ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani
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The Queen of
England agrees to protect the Chiefs, the subtribes and all the people of New Zealand in
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was designed in 1989 and has become accepted as a national flag for Māori groups across New
Zealand.
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customs". One English translation is 'absolute sovereignty', although many also refer to it as
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This article is about a phrase in the Māori language. For the flag of the same name, see
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Based on the Māori text alone, in Article 1, the signatories appear to be granting
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565:. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from
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draws from an inconsistency arising between Article 1 and Article 2 of the
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716:"Treaty Signatories Did Not Cede Sovereignty in February 1840 – Tribunal"
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559:"Story: Treaty of Waitangi: Page 1 – Creating the Treaty of Waitangi"
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Not all tribes were signatories to the treaty, and for these tribes
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Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories
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Waitangi: Māori and Pākēha perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi
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351:. The design of the flag references the Māori creation story of
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254:
248:
679:
Awatere, D. (1982). Maori sovereignty. Broadsheet, 100, 38–42.
533:"1. – Treaty of Waitangi – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
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had also been used prior to 1840 to describe the Governor of
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o o ratou wenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa.
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ruling that sovereignty was not and could not be ceded.
761:"Flags of New Zealand Page 6 – The national Māori flag"
746:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ
486:"The Treaty of Waitangi and New Zealand Citizenship"
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over their lands, villages and all their treasures.
759:Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
688:
670:. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press.
1694:
401:may not be as important a goal as independence.
310:the unqualified exercise of their chieftainship
691:The Taranaki report: Kaupapa tuatahi (Wai 143)
421:
98:and is widely used by Māori advocacy groups.
1428:
864:
718:. Te Roopu Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi (
124:can be seen in the first line of section one.
205:from 'governor', which had been invented by
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488:. New Zealand Centre for Political Research
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840:Maori leaders clash over flag's new role
422:Te One, Annie; Clifford, Carrie (2021).
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593:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
563:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
508:"What does 'Tino Rangatiratanga' mean?"
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696:(Report). Wellington, New Zealand
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377:United Tribes of New Zealand flag
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666:Kawharu, I. H. (1989).
644:Te Aka Māori Dictionary
619:Te Aka Māori Dictionary
335:The national Māori (or
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209:translators to explain
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1387:Māori language revival
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907:Māori migration canoes
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1581:National Māori flag
1458:Flag of New Zealand
1094:Tino rangatiratanga
1074:Māori King movement
765:New Zealand History
722:). 14 February 2014
398:tino rangatiratanga
345:tino rangatiratanga
337:tino rangatiratanga
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791:Flags of the World
748:. 10 January 2019.
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595:. 13 January 2016
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1536:Red Ensign
1286:Navigation
1169:Taha Māori
770:12 October
434:: 613340.
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366:Kīngitanga
245:and other
1556:air force
1319:Mau rākau
1309:Kī-o-rahi
1241:Tattooing
1202:Kapa haka
1184:Whakapapa
1127:Mythology
982:Australia
978:Diaspora
821:11 August
539:11 August
450:2297-7775
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1650:Auckland
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1261:Science
1236:Pounamu
1132:Deities
1112:Cuisine
1104:Culture
966:Society
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599:7 March
589:"Flags"
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383:Notes
207:Bible
156:their
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1207:Haka
1194:Arts
1179:Taua
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1122:Mana
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