6100:
36:
6094:
5875:
104:
5885:
620:
3611:, will turn positive energies into negative energies unless it also changes the direction of time. So every antiunitary symmetry in a theory with positive energy must reverse the direction of time. Every antiunitary operator can be written as the product of the time reversal operator and a unitary operator that does not reverse time.
3023:
1697:
is built in such a way that it presupposes nothing about the time reversal symmetry of the dynamics. In other words, if the dynamics are invariant, then the kinematics will allow it to remain invariant; if the dynamics is not, then the kinematics will also show this. The structure of the quantum laws
818:
The event horizon of a black hole may be thought of as a surface moving outward at the local speed of light and is just on the edge between escaping and falling back. The event horizon of a white hole is a surface moving inward at the local speed of light and is just on the edge between being swept
803:
from the outside, and then fall rapidly to the central region where our understanding of physics breaks down. Since within a black hole the forward light-cone is directed towards the center and the backward light-cone is directed outward, it is not even possible to define time-reversal in the usual
3595:
Another argument involves energy, the time-component of the four-momentum. If time reversal were implemented as a unitary operator, it would reverse the sign of the energy just as space-reversal reverses the sign of the momentum. This is not possible, because, unlike momentum, energy is always
3302:
1595:, and so their utility is limited. However, there was proved that it is possible to find other time reversal operations which preserve the dynamics and so Onsager reciprocal relations; in conclusion, one cannot state that the presence of a magnetic field always breaks T-symmetry.
815:. From the outside they appear similar. While a black hole has a beginning and is inescapable, a white hole has an ending and cannot be entered. The forward light-cones of a white hole are directed outward; and its backward light-cones are directed towards the center.
2796:
4096:
should not disturb the evolution, so they are expected to be time-symmetric. Surprisingly, it is true only in classical physics but not in quantum physics, even in a thermodynamically invariant equilibrium state. This type of asymmetry is independent of
707:
in which a microscopic demon guards a gate between two halves of a room. It only lets slow molecules into one half, only fast ones into the other. By eventually making one side of the room cooler than before and the other hotter, it seems to reduce the
2460:
2156:
1994:
712:
of the room, and reverse the arrow of time. Many analyses have been made of this; all show that when the entropy of room and demon are taken together, this total entropy does increase. Modern analyses of this problem have taken into account
544:
does not show symmetry under time reversal. In other words, time is said to be non-symmetric, or asymmetric, except for special equilibrium states when the second law of thermodynamics predicts the time symmetry to hold. However, quantum
692:. Many other phenomena, such as the relative motion of bodies with friction, or viscous motion of fluids, reduce to this, because the underlying mechanism is the dissipation of usable energy (for example, kinetic energy) into heat.
1533:
and keeps the coordinates untouched is no more a symmetry for the system. Under this consideration, it seems that only
OnsagerâCasimir reciprocal relations could hold; these equalities relate two different systems, one subject to
1714:
are given by a pair of quantum states that go into each other under parity. However, this representation can always be reduced to linear combinations of states, each of which is either even or odd under parity. One says that all
2610:; its actual form depends on the specific equation or equations which are being examined. In general, one simply states that the equations must be time-reversal invariant, and then solves for the explicit value of
748:. In this notion, a fixed initial state of a macroscopic system corresponds to relatively low entropy because the coordinates of the molecules of the body are constrained. As the system evolves in the presence of
3159:
2300:
1513:
Let us consider the example of a system of charged particles subject to a constant external magnetic field: in this case the canonical time reversal operation that reverses the velocities and the time
612:
illustrates, in cross-section, the two aspects of time reversal invariance. When set into motion atop a pedestal (rocking side to side, as in the image), the figure oscillates for a very long time
3018:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}:\psi _{abc\cdots }(t,{\vec {x}})\mapsto \psi _{abc\cdots }^{\prime }(-t,{\vec {x}})={T_{a}}^{d}\,{T_{b}}^{e}\,{T_{c}}^{f}\cdots \psi _{def\cdots }(t,{\vec {x}})}
676:. However, the mechanically stable state of the toy is when the figure falls down from the pedestal into one of arbitrarily many positions. This is an illustration of the law of increase of
3100:
2583:
cannot be written as a 4x4 matrix, because, in fact, complex conjugation is indeed required; however, it can be written as an 8x8 matrix, acting on the 8 real components of a Dirac spinor.
635:. In particular, Text claims that the item in the image should rock back an forth. However, the item in the image appears to be unstable unlike the a teeter totters that the link shows..
3688:
1615:. However, delicate experiments in which known sources of dissipation are removed reveal that the laws of mechanics are time reversal invariant. Dissipation itself is originated in the
2557:
1760:
into each other, then the sum and difference of these two basis states are states of good parity. Time reversal does not behave like this. It seems to violate the theorem that all
3759:
is called the EDM and ÎŽ, the induced dipole moment. One important property of an EDM is that the energy shift due to it changes sign under a parity transformation. However, since
605:
2338:
2034:
1707:
3782:
is a symmetry. This is correct; if a quantum system has degenerate ground states that transform into each other under parity, then time reversal need not be broken to give EDM.
2788:
2688:
3411:
3131:
3329:
1502:
527:
4440:
Kerdcharoen, Teerakiat; Liedl, Klaus R.; Rode, Bernd M. (1996). "Bidirectional molecular dynamics: Interpretation in terms of a modern formulation of classical mechanics".
3364:
2183:
819:
outward and succeeding in reaching the center. They are two different kinds of horizonsâthe horizon of a white hole is like the horizon of a black hole turned inside-out.
1875:
1593:
2213:
1561:
1473:
1442:
1411:
1380:
1349:
1318:
1287:
1256:
1225:
1118:
1065:
1034:
959:
928:
897:
4313:
Bonella, Sara; Ciccotti, Giovanni; Rondoni, Lamberto (2015). "Time reversal symmetry in time-dependent correlation functions for systems in a constant magnetic field".
5998:
1764:
be represented by one-dimensional irreducible representations. The reason it does this is that it is represented by an anti-unitary operator. It thus opens the way to
4278:
Kubo, Ryogo (15 June 1957). "Statistical-Mechanical Theory of
Irreversible Processes. I. General Theory and Simple Applications to Magnetic and Conduction Problems".
4042:, the second through a direct CP violation in strong interactions. The first is seen in experiments, the second is strongly constrained by the non-observation of the
3338:
that is being acted on: functions, vectors/spinors, or infinite-dimensional operators. The remainder of this article is not cautious to distinguish these three; the
2026:
1156:
830:
conjecture, all microscopic processes in a black hole are reversible, and only the collective behavior is irreversible, as in any other macroscopic, thermal system.
3151:
2718:
2330:
1863:
1087:
5921:
3384:
2742:
2628:
2608:
2581:
2483:
1531:
1194:
1003:
981:
6693:
549:
are predicted to violate time symmetry even in equilibrium, contrary to their classical counterparts, although this has not yet been experimentally confirmed.
3767:|Ïâ©, that is the expected spin. Thus, under time reversal, an invariant state must have vanishing EDM. In other words, a non-vanishing EDM signals both
733:, are examples. These seemingly metaphysical questions are today, in these ways, slowly being converted into hypotheses of the physical sciences.
3600:) that one gets when one moves forward in time, the way to reverse time while preserving the sign of the energy is to also reverse the sense of "
695:
The question of whether this time-asymmetric dissipation is really inevitable has been considered by many physicists, often in the context of
3297:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}:\Psi (t,{\vec {x}})\mapsto \Psi ^{\prime }(-t,{\vec {x}})={\mathcal {T}}\Psi (t,{\vec {x}}){\mathcal {T}}^{-1}}
1771:
On the other hand, the notion of quantum-mechanical time reversal turns out to be a useful tool for the development of physically motivated
5914:
752:, the molecular coordinates can move into larger volumes of phase space, becoming more uncertain, and thus leading to increase in entropy.
2218:
688:
Daily experience shows that T-symmetry does not hold for the behavior of bulk materials. Of these macroscopic laws, most notable is the
4453:
768:
equilibrium) would actually result in no increase of entropy. In this view, the apparent T-asymmetry of our universe is a problem in
6452:
3736:(EDM) of any particle. The EDM is defined through the shift in the energy of a state when it is put in an external electric field:
822:
The modern view of black hole irreversibility is to relate it to the second law of thermodynamics, since black holes are viewed as
5907:
5484:
5320:
4757:
2748:
that is first-order in the time derivative, which is generally the case in order for something to be validly called "a spinor".
1671:
1666:
is analyzed. This allows one to analyze the conditions under which optical phenomena that locally break time-reversal, such as
4719:
The emperor's new mind: concerning computers, minds, and the laws of physics, by Roger
Penrose (Oxford university press, 2002)
456:
17:
1603:
Most systems are asymmetric under time reversal, but there may be phenomena with symmetry. In classical mechanics, a velocity
4949:
4739:
4582:
2630:
that achieves this goal. In some cases, generic arguments can be made. Thus, for example, for spinors in three-dimensional
6421:
4842:
1727:
This section contains a discussion of the three most important properties of time reversal in quantum mechanics; chiefly,
4799:
4225:
Bednorz, Adam; Franke, Kurt; Belzig, Wolfgang (February 2013). "Noninvasiveness and time symmetry of weak measurements".
4170:
1792:
792:
The laws of gravity seem to be time reversal invariant in classical mechanics; however, specific solutions need not be.
4709:
Maxwell's demon, 2: entropy, classical and quantum information, edited by H.S.Leff and A.F. Rex (IOP publishing, 2003)
1658:
is also time reversal invariant. (Despite this, it is still useful to consider the time-reversal non-invariance in a
6172:
4768:
4724:
4714:
4704:
660:
79:
57:
3031:
50:
4085:
3307:
This can be thought of as a special case of a tensor with one covariant, and one contravariant index, and thus two
1164:
All masses, charges, coupling constants, and other physical constants, except those associated with the weak force.
4598:
Ibrahim, Tarik; Itani, Ahmad; Nath, Pran (12 Aug 2014). "Electron EDM as a
Sensitive Probe of PeV Scale Physics".
5434:
5089:
3817:
3727:
1646:
also changes sign under time reversal. This happens because a magnetic field is produced by an electric current,
772:: why did the universe start with a low entropy? This view, supported by cosmological observations (such as the
221:
3630:
764:
because of the initial state of our universe. Other possible states of the universe (for example, a universe at
6688:
6245:
5313:
4043:
3786:
3516:
6698:
6426:
3988:
386:
2500:
2455:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}:\psi (t,{\vec {x}})\mapsto \psi ^{\prime }(-t,{\vec {x}})=T\psi (t,{\vec {x}})}
2151:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}:\phi (t,{\vec {x}})\mapsto \phi ^{\prime }(-t,{\vec {x}})=s\phi (t,{\vec {x}})}
1788:
1723:
states that time reversal need not have this property because it is represented by an anti-unitary operator.
5396:
4192:
4089:
4070:
4050:
1616:
847:
730:
689:
580:
533:
481:
208:
4520:
Chakhmakhchyan, Levon; Cerf, Nicolas (2018). "Simulating arbitrary
Gaussian circuits with linear optics".
3133:
which is actually an infinite dimensional operator acting on a
Hilbert space. It acts on quantized fields
1611:, but an acceleration does not. Therefore, one models dissipative phenomena through terms that are odd in
6381:
6361:
6307:
6192:
6028:
5687:
4699:
Maxwell's demon: entropy, information, computing, edited by H.S.Leff and A.F. Rex (IOP publishing, 1990)
777:
2757:
2744:
is complex conjugation, as before. This form follows whenever the spinor can be described with a linear
6048:
6033:
5971:
5950:
5039:
5019:
4035:
3334:
All three of these symbols capture the idea of time-reversal; they differ with respect to the specific
2644:
1756:
The strangeness of this result is clear if one compares it with parity. If parity transforms a pair of
1716:
1690:
765:
673:
449:
6202:
6013:
5750:
5599:
5479:
5029:
4942:
4197:
4187:
3389:
3109:
2721:
1999:
as time reversal leaves the scalar value at a fixed spacetime point unchanged, up to an overall sign
851:
827:
823:
760:
One resolution to irreversibility is to say that the constant increase of entropy we observe happens
248:
3310:
1989:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}\phi (t,{\vec {x}})=\phi ^{\prime }(-t,{\vec {x}})=s\phi (t,{\vec {x}})}
1483:
494:
6678:
5449:
4835:
3345:
2164:
1866:
1812:
1780:
638:
216:
44:
4575:
CP violation without strangeness : electric dipole moments of particles, atoms, and molecules
4101:
but has not yet been confirmed experimentally due to extreme conditions of the checking proposal.
842:, T-symmetry of the mechanical microscopic equations implies two important laws: the principle of
6683:
6462:
6240:
6142:
6058:
6053:
5705:
5356:
3965:
3530:
1566:
355:
2192:
1537:
1449:
1418:
1387:
1356:
1325:
1294:
1263:
1232:
1201:
1094:
1041:
1010:
935:
904:
873:
5059:
4391:"Necessary and sufficient conditions for time reversal symmetry in presence of magnetic fields"
4177:
3794:
3733:
1735:
61:
850:. T-symmetry of the microscopic description together with its kinetic consequences are called
6615:
5888:
5520:
5465:
5419:
5404:
5049:
4123:
2745:
2002:
1655:
1159:
442:
142:
1131:
6442:
6356:
6182:
6043:
5771:
5740:
5189:
5084:
4935:
4670:
4617:
4539:
4486:
4412:
4361:
4287:
4244:
4133:
4011:
3969:
3802:
3136:
2696:
2486:
2315:
1848:
1686:
1663:
1072:
736:
The current consensus hinges upon the
BoltzmannâShannon identification of the logarithm of
722:
4467:
Chakhmakhchyan, Levon; Cerf, Nicolas (2017). "Boson sampling with
Gaussian measurements".
1803:
In formal mathematical presentations of T-symmetry, three different kinds of notation for
833:
8:
6652:
6447:
6302:
6167:
6119:
5645:
5104:
5064:
4906:
4828:
4115:
4058:
3829:
3810:
3790:
3615:
3469:
3335:
2494:
718:
704:
630:
5988:
4674:
4621:
4543:
4490:
4416:
4365:
4291:
4256:
4248:
6627:
6401:
6325:
6255:
5594:
5572:
5439:
5263:
5234:
5169:
5162:
4916:
4888:
4660:
4633:
4607:
4555:
4529:
4502:
4476:
4402:
4330:
4260:
4234:
4182:
4074:
4023:
3369:
2727:
2613:
2593:
2566:
2468:
2332:
might have a non-trivial behavior under time reversal. In this case, one has to write
1516:
1179:
988:
966:
769:
741:
700:
696:
477:
381:
226:
6703:
6475:
6340:
6157:
5675:
5554:
5454:
5307:
5210:
5114:
4764:
4735:
4720:
4710:
4700:
4637:
4578:
4559:
4506:
4374:
4349:
4334:
4165:
4128:
4026:. However, time reversal itself is seen not to be a symmetry (this is usually called
3961:
3607:
Similarly, any operation that reverses the sense of phase, which changes the sign of
3429:
2186:
1776:
1772:
1694:
839:
805:
726:
714:
4651:
Kim, Jihn E.; Carosi, Gianpaolo (4 March 2010). "Axions and the strong CP problem".
4326:
4264:
4088:(both classical and quantum) are certainly disturbing, causing asymmetry due to the
6620:
6366:
6345:
6297:
6260:
6073:
5793:
5781:
5609:
5577:
5409:
5278:
5194:
5184:
5099:
4865:
4678:
4625:
4547:
4494:
4449:
4420:
4369:
4322:
4295:
4252:
4093:
4039:
4019:
4003:
3960:, then there is a twofold degeneracy in the state. This result in non-relativistic
3920:
3480:
3433:
2751:
The formal notation now makes it clear how to extend time-reversal to an arbitrary
1711:
1667:
843:
721:. Many interesting results in modern computing are closely related to this problemâ
587:
546:
335:
3908:
This means that the entries in Ί are ±1, as a result of which one may have either
6351:
6330:
6162:
6134:
5899:
5855:
5720:
5697:
5665:
5617:
5604:
5567:
5549:
5179:
5174:
3789:
currently set stringent limits on the violation of time reversal symmetry in the
2635:
2631:
1476:
857:
672:. The toy is engineered to minimize friction and illustrate the reversibility of
642:
393:
194:
4809:
4773:
3596:
positive. Since energy in quantum mechanics is defined as the phase factor exp(â
3472:. These are the only operations that act on Hilbert space so as to preserve the
6647:
6406:
6396:
6335:
6292:
6124:
6114:
6083:
5983:
5955:
5798:
5788:
5587:
5459:
5429:
5414:
5199:
5157:
5152:
5024:
4629:
4551:
4498:
4155:
4140:
4007:
3798:
3483:
operator. Acting on the position, it reverses the directions of space, so that
2490:
1839:
1784:
1779:
settings, providing, at the same time, relatively simple tools to assess their
1757:
1123:
184:
4682:
4018:, i.e., the laws are invariant under simultaneous operation of time reversal,
3763:
is a vector, its expectation value in a state |Ïâ© must be proportional to âšÏ|
6672:
6534:
6485:
6470:
6416:
6187:
6023:
6018:
5934:
5878:
5828:
5776:
5710:
5682:
5670:
5660:
5650:
5532:
5376:
5302:
5251:
5204:
5119:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5002:
4779:
4763:
CP violation, by I.I. Bigi and A.I. Sanda (Cambridge
University Press, 2000)
4160:
4110:
3975:
3421:
1828:
1787:
schemes and to prove the duality between two fundamental optical operations,
1761:
1627:
796:
609:
557:
366:
314:
287:
272:
262:
811:
The time reversal of a black hole would be a hypothetical object known as a
684:'s identification of the logarithm of the number of states with the entropy.
6632:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6496:
6235:
5850:
5844:
5510:
5444:
5366:
5297:
5246:
5147:
5094:
5034:
4893:
4150:
4098:
4062:
4054:
4027:
4015:
2752:
2560:
2310:
1843:
1783:. For instance, quantum-mechanical time reversal was used to develop novel
1508:
565:
189:
4454:
10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199610)17:13<1564::AID-JCC8>3.0.CO;2-Q
6642:
6637:
6282:
6265:
6197:
6177:
6063:
5945:
5860:
5838:
5745:
5730:
5525:
5505:
5495:
5424:
5381:
5361:
5290:
5109:
5011:
4820:
3447:
2638:, an explicit transformation can be given. It is conventionally given as
1835:
749:
737:
428:
330:
309:
277:
267:
164:
4425:
4390:
4299:
3820:
also place limits on theories of particle physics and their parameters.
6657:
6610:
6594:
6480:
6386:
6068:
6038:
5976:
5655:
5562:
5537:
5340:
5124:
4860:
4145:
4031:
2302:
is a factual statement relating the old and new fields to one-another.
1682:
834:
Kinetic consequences: detailed balance and
Onsager reciprocal relations
812:
800:
569:
540:
increases as time flows toward the future, in general, the macroscopic
292:
169:
4348:
Luo, Rongxiang; Benenti, Giuliano; Casati, Giulio; Wang, Jiao (2020).
6554:
6391:
6275:
6250:
6230:
6147:
6099:
6093:
6078:
5818:
5735:
5371:
5283:
5258:
5239:
5129:
4911:
4030:). There are two possible origins of this asymmetry, one through the
3778:
Some molecules, such as water, must have EDM irrespective of whether
3476:
of the projection of any one state-vector onto another state-vector.
681:
423:
376:
371:
282:
6589:
6569:
6411:
6317:
6217:
6008:
6003:
5386:
5229:
5139:
4997:
4987:
4883:
4803:
4534:
4481:
4407:
2295:{\displaystyle \phi ^{\prime }(-t,{\vec {x}})=s\phi (t,{\vec {x}})}
867:
Classical variables that do not change upon time reversal include:
773:
576:
541:
325:
231:
179:
137:
103:
4665:
4612:
4239:
1598:
6584:
6574:
6504:
6376:
6287:
6152:
5725:
5715:
5637:
5628:
5613:
5500:
5345:
5268:
4977:
4350:"Onsager reciprocal relations with broken time-reversal symmetry"
3949:, then one finds that the states are orthogonal: a result called
3806:
1749:
1678:
804:
manner. The only way anything can escape from a black hole is as
745:
709:
677:
537:
174:
125:
5515:
604:
6579:
6529:
6524:
5823:
4982:
3978:
that give unitary representations of time reversal, i.e., have
3416:
2306:
1820:
1765:
1706:
413:
130:
1741:
that it has two-dimensional representations with the property
1734:
that it protects non-degenerate quantum states from having an
858:
Effect of time reversal on some variables of classical physics
6559:
6371:
6270:
6225:
5833:
5582:
5273:
5221:
418:
4080:
3998:
3515:
are the position and momentum operators. This preserves the
1815:, capturing the actual reversal of the time coordinate, the
6564:
6549:
6539:
5993:
5930:
4972:
4958:
4813:
4783:
485:
120:
95:
5999:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
6544:
4793:
1819:
that is an ordinary finite dimensional matrix, acting on
1662:
sense when the external field is held fixed, as when the
4760:
materials with time-reversal breaking optical properties
1731:
that it must be represented as an anti-unitary operator,
1509:
Example: Magnetic Field and Onsager reciprocal relations
1289:, angular momentum of a particle (both orbital and spin)
1173:
Classical variables that time reversal negates include:
4927:
4789:
4312:
1654:. Thus, the motion of classical charged particles in
3872:
where Ί is a diagonal matrix of phases. As a result,
3633:
3392:
3372:
3348:
3313:
3162:
3139:
3112:
3102:
and so on. For quantum fields, there is also a third
3034:
2799:
2760:
2730:
2699:
2647:
2616:
2596:
2569:
2503:
2471:
2341:
2318:
2221:
2195:
2167:
2037:
2005:
1878:
1851:
1701:
1569:
1540:
1519:
1486:
1452:
1421:
1390:
1359:
1328:
1297:
1266:
1235:
1204:
1182:
1134:
1097:
1075:
1044:
1013:
991:
969:
938:
907:
876:
497:
4572:
4439:
4347:
3942:â© be two quantum states of the same energy. Now, if
3413:
depending on context, left for the reader to infer.
4573:Khriplovich, Iosip B.; Lamoreaux, Steve K. (2012).
4224:
599:
560:) generally are caused by one of three categories:
5929:
4519:
4466:
3682:
3405:
3378:
3358:
3323:
3296:
3145:
3125:
3094:
3017:
2782:
2736:
2712:
2682:
2622:
2602:
2575:
2551:
2477:
2454:
2324:
2294:
2207:
2177:
2150:
2020:
1988:
1857:
1622:The motion of a charged body in a magnetic field,
1587:
1555:
1525:
1496:
1467:
1436:
1405:
1374:
1343:
1312:
1281:
1250:
1219:
1188:
1150:
1112:
1081:
1059:
1028:
997:
975:
953:
922:
891:
521:
4460:
1698:of motion are richer, and we examine these next.
1638:, and might seem at first to be asymmetric under
6670:
4597:
3578:. The canonical commutator is invariant only if
1827:that is an operator on an infinite-dimensional
1599:Microscopic phenomena: time reversal invariance
4388:
3568:, but it reverses the direction of p, so that
3095:{\displaystyle {T_{a}}^{b}={(T^{-1})_{b}}^{a}}
2028:. A slightly more formal way to write this is
6694:Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics
5915:
4943:
4836:
4006:codified the basic laws of dynamics into the
450:
4748:
4049:Time reversal violation is unrelated to the
3915:. This is specific to the anti-unitarity of
3604:", so that the sense of phases is reversed.
3417:Anti-unitary representation of time reversal
2161:which has the advantage of emphasizing that
641:. There might be a discussion about this on
4729:
4389:Carbone, Davide; Rondoni, Lamberto (2020).
4057:, the effect of time reversal is to rename
3732:This has an interesting consequence on the
3028:Covariant tensor indexes will transform as
780:) connects this problem to the question of
5922:
5908:
4950:
4936:
4850:
4843:
4829:
4220:
4218:
3721:
3683:{\displaystyle T=e^{-i\pi J_{y}/\hbar }K,}
3493:. Similarly, it reverses the direction of
457:
443:
4664:
4650:
4611:
4533:
4480:
4424:
4406:
4373:
4238:
4081:Time reversal of noninvasive measurements
4053:, because due to the conservation of the
3999:Time reversal of the known dynamical laws
3926:Next, take a Hamiltonian invariant under
3342:that appears below is meant to be either
2949:
2929:
2559:can be thought of as a 2x2 matrix. For a
1681:one separates the laws of motion, called
661:Learn how and when to remove this message
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
6453:International Commission on Stratigraphy
4753:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
4280:Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
2497:may be required, for which the mapping
1807:need to be carefully distinguished: the
1705:
1689:. Following the classical kinematics of
603:
594:
590:(e.g., for the noninvasive measurements)
43:This article includes a list of general
4215:
899:, position of a particle in three-space
14:
6671:
3919:. For a unitary operator, such as the
3785:Experimentally observed bounds on the
3351:
3165:
2802:
2552:{\displaystyle K:(x+iy)\mapsto (x-iy)}
2344:
2170:
2040:
1881:
5903:
4931:
4824:
4693:
3787:electric dipole moment of the nucleon
3558:, it does nothing to the x-operator,
5884:
4732:Discrete symmetries and CP violation
4277:
3582:is chosen to be anti-unitary, i.e.,
3428:of a Hamiltonian is represented, in
2586:In the general setting, there is no
613:
29:
4774:Particle Data Group on CP violation
4208:
3823:
3708:-component of the spin, and use of
1710:Two-dimensional representations of
24:
4442:Journal of Computational Chemistry
3395:
3316:
3280:
3250:
3245:
3208:
3204:
3173:
3140:
3115:
2875:
2783:{\displaystyle \psi _{abc\cdots }}
2387:
2227:
2083:
1921:
1798:
1702:Time reversal in quantum mechanics
1626:involves the velocity through the
1489:
1320:, electromagnetic vector potential
577:initial conditions of the universe
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
6715:
6173:Discrete time and continuous time
3669:
3622:, one can use the representation
3424:showed that a symmetry operation
2683:{\displaystyle T=e^{i\pi J_{y}}K}
2189:, and thus the "mapsto" notation
1685:, from the laws of force, called
1642:. A closer look assures us that
27:Time reversal symmetry in physics
6098:
6092:
5883:
5874:
5873:
4375:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.022009
1607:reverses under the operation of
826:. For example, according to the
795:An object can cross through the
618:
600:The second law of thermodynamics
102:
34:
4644:
4591:
4171:WheelerâFeynman absorber theory
4073:is thought to originate in the
3818:electron electric dipole moment
3728:Electron electric dipole moment
3406:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}},}
3126:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}},}
1719:of parity are one-dimensional.
1258:, linear momentum of a particle
1196:, the time when an event occurs
6246:History of timekeeping devices
4566:
4513:
4433:
4382:
4341:
4306:
4271:
3324:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}
3274:
3268:
3253:
3237:
3231:
3213:
3200:
3197:
3191:
3176:
3076:
3059:
3012:
3006:
2991:
2904:
2898:
2880:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2829:
2546:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2510:
2449:
2443:
2428:
2416:
2410:
2392:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2355:
2289:
2283:
2268:
2256:
2250:
2232:
2196:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2112:
2106:
2088:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2051:
1983:
1977:
1962:
1950:
1944:
1926:
1910:
1904:
1889:
1579:
1547:
1497:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}}
1459:
1428:
1397:
1366:
1335:
1304:
1273:
1242:
1211:
1104:
1051:
1020:
1005:, electric potential (voltage)
945:
930:, acceleration of the particle
914:
883:
787:
522:{\displaystyle T:t\mapsto -t.}
507:
13:
1:
4257:10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/023043
4203:
3989:multiplicative quantum number
3359:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}}
2178:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}}
1413:, density of electric current
388:Ultimate fate of the universe
4193:Second law of thermodynamics
4090:second law of thermodynamics
4071:second law of thermodynamics
4051:second law of thermodynamics
1650:, which reverses sign under
1617:second law of thermodynamics
1504:, power (rate of work done).
1126:of the electromagnetic field
1089:, density of electric charge
848:Onsager reciprocal relations
740:volume with the negative of
731:physical limits to computing
690:second law of thermodynamics
581:second law of thermodynamics
534:second law of thermodynamics
7:
6193:Gravitational time dilation
6029:Barycentric Coordinate Time
5688:Geological history of Earth
4734:. Oxford University Press.
4327:10.1209/0295-5075/108/60004
4104:
3838:, which is an anti-unitary
3816:Experimental bounds on the
3793:, and their modern theory:
1717:irreducible representations
1588:{\displaystyle -{\vec {B}}}
778:cosmic microwave background
755:
10:
6720:
6049:Geocentric Coordinate Time
6034:Barycentric Dynamical Time
5972:Coordinated Universal Time
5040:Orders of magnitude (time)
4630:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.055006
4552:10.1103/PhysRevA.98.062314
4499:10.1103/PhysRevA.96.032326
4010:. This is formulated as a
3827:
3725:
2720:is the y-component of the
2208:{\displaystyle \mapsto ~,}
1842:) classical (unquantized)
1556:{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}
1468:{\displaystyle {\vec {S}}}
1437:{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}}
1406:{\displaystyle {\vec {j}}}
1382:, magnetic auxiliary field
1375:{\displaystyle {\vec {H}}}
1344:{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}
1313:{\displaystyle {\vec {A}}}
1282:{\displaystyle {\vec {l}}}
1251:{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}
1220:{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}
1113:{\displaystyle {\vec {P}}}
1060:{\displaystyle {\vec {D}}}
1029:{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}}
954:{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}
923:{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}
892:{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}
6603:
6494:
6461:
6435:
6316:
6216:
6203:Time-translation symmetry
6133:
6107:
6090:
6014:International Atomic Time
5964:
5941:
5869:
5811:
5764:
5751:Time translation symmetry
5696:
5636:
5626:
5548:
5475:
5395:
5336:
5220:
5138:
5048:
5010:
4996:
4965:
4902:
4879:
4856:
4683:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.557
4653:Reviews of Modern Physics
4315:EPL (Europhysics Letters)
4198:Time translation symmetry
4188:Microscopic reversibility
3987:, are characterized by a
3537:is chosen to be unitary,
2722:angular momentum operator
1869:can simply be written as
852:microscopic reversibility
564:intrinsic to the dynamic
478:symmetry of physical laws
4957:
4354:Physical Review Research
4094:noninvasive measurements
3923:, any phase is allowed.
1227:, velocity of a particle
983:, energy of the particle
699:. The name comes from a
547:noninvasive measurements
6463:Astronomical chronology
6436:Archaeology and geology
6143:Absolute space and time
6059:IERS Reference Meridian
6054:International Date Line
5965:International standards
5706:Absolute space and time
5357:Astronomical chronology
4120:Computing applications
3991:, sometimes called the
3966:spin statistics theorem
3953:. This implies that if
3722:Electric dipole moments
3550:On the other hand, the
3531:reduced Planck constant
2021:{\displaystyle s=\pm 1}
1691:Newton's laws of motion
1120:, electric polarization
1067:, electric displacement
961:, force on the particle
862:
719:entropy and information
674:Newton's laws of motion
64:more precise citations.
5756:Time reversal symmetry
5060:Italian six-hour clock
4851:C, P, and T symmetries
4751:Symmetry and Magnetism
4227:New Journal of Physics
3795:quantum chromodynamics
3734:electric dipole moment
3684:
3407:
3380:
3360:
3325:
3298:
3147:
3127:
3096:
3019:
2784:
2738:
2714:
2684:
2634:, or four-dimensional
2624:
2604:
2590:value to be given for
2577:
2553:
2479:
2456:
2326:
2305:Unlike scalar fields,
2296:
2209:
2179:
2152:
2022:
1990:
1859:
1768:in quantum mechanics.
1736:electric dipole moment
1724:
1656:electromagnetic fields
1589:
1557:
1527:
1498:
1469:
1438:
1407:
1376:
1345:
1314:
1283:
1252:
1221:
1190:
1168:
1152:
1151:{\displaystyle T_{ij}}
1114:
1083:
1061:
1030:
999:
977:
955:
924:
893:
685:
523:
474:time reversal symmetry
18:Time-reversal symmetry
6689:Statistical mechanics
6422:Weekday determination
6308:Sundial markup schema
5521:Time and fate deities
5466:The Unreality of Time
5405:A series and B series
4749:Birss, R. R. (1964).
4124:Limits of computation
3685:
3408:
3381:
3361:
3326:
3299:
3148:
3146:{\displaystyle \Psi }
3128:
3097:
3020:
2785:
2746:differential equation
2739:
2715:
2713:{\displaystyle J_{y}}
2685:
2625:
2605:
2578:
2554:
2480:
2457:
2327:
2325:{\displaystyle \psi }
2297:
2210:
2180:
2153:
2023:
1991:
1860:
1858:{\displaystyle \phi }
1823:and vectors, and the
1709:
1672:directional dichroism
1590:
1558:
1528:
1499:
1470:
1439:
1408:
1377:
1346:
1315:
1284:
1253:
1222:
1191:
1160:Maxwell stress tensor
1153:
1115:
1084:
1082:{\displaystyle \rho }
1062:
1031:
1000:
978:
956:
925:
894:
828:gaugeâgravity duality
824:thermodynamic objects
607:
595:Macroscopic phenomena
524:
6699:Quantum field theory
6443:Chronological dating
6183:Theory of relativity
6044:Daylight saving time
5772:Chronological dating
5741:Theory of relativity
5085:Daylight saving time
4730:Sozzi, M.S. (2008).
4134:Reversible computing
4012:quantum field theory
3970:quantum field theory
3803:quantum field theory
3631:
3517:canonical commutator
3390:
3370:
3346:
3311:
3160:
3137:
3110:
3032:
2797:
2758:
2728:
2697:
2645:
2614:
2594:
2567:
2501:
2485:is just an ordinary
2469:
2339:
2316:
2219:
2193:
2165:
2035:
2003:
1876:
1865:, the time reversal
1849:
1693:, the kinematics of
1664:magneto-optic effect
1567:
1538:
1517:
1484:
1450:
1419:
1388:
1357:
1326:
1295:
1264:
1233:
1202:
1180:
1132:
1095:
1073:
1042:
1011:
989:
967:
936:
905:
874:
723:reversible computing
717:'s relation between
631:confusing or unclear
495:
6653:Time value of money
6448:Geologic time scale
6303:History of sundials
6168:Cosmological decade
6120:Greenwich Mean Time
5951:Orders of magnitude
5065:Thai six-hour clock
4675:2010RvMP...82..557K
4622:2014PhRvD..90e5006I
4544:2018PhRvA..98f2314C
4491:2017PhRvA..96c2326C
4426:10.3390/sym12081336
4417:2020Symm...12.1336C
4366:2020PhRvR...2b2009L
4300:10.1143/JPSJ.12.570
4292:1957JPSJ...12..570K
4249:2013NJPh...15b3043B
4178:Loschmidt's paradox
4116:Causality (physics)
4086:Strong measurements
4038:of quarks in their
3845:symmetry generator
3811:strong CP violation
3791:strong interactions
3775:symmetry-breaking.
3470:complex conjugation
2879:
2495:complex conjugation
742:Shannon information
705:James Clerk Maxwell
639:clarify the article
476:is the theoretical
6628:Mental chronometry
6256:Marine chronometer
6108:Obsolete standards
5595:Rosy retrospection
5573:Mental chronometry
5397:Philosophy of time
4917:Symmetry (physics)
4694:General references
4075:initial conditions
4024:charge conjugation
3801:of a relativistic
3797:. Then, using the
3680:
3403:
3376:
3356:
3321:
3294:
3143:
3123:
3092:
3015:
2856:
2780:
2734:
2710:
2680:
2620:
2600:
2573:
2549:
2475:
2452:
2322:
2292:
2205:
2175:
2148:
2018:
1986:
1855:
1725:
1585:
1553:
1523:
1494:
1465:
1434:
1403:
1372:
1341:
1310:
1279:
1248:
1217:
1186:
1148:
1110:
1079:
1057:
1026:
995:
973:
951:
920:
889:
782:initial conditions
701:thought experiment
686:
519:
382:Radiometric dating
6666:
6665:
6476:Nuclear timescale
6158:Continuous signal
5897:
5896:
5807:
5806:
5782:Circadian rhythms
5600:Tenseâaspectâmood
5455:Temporal finitism
5332:
5331:
5308:Grandfather clock
4925:
4924:
4741:978-0-19-929666-8
4600:Physical Review D
4584:978-3-642-64577-8
4522:Physical Review A
4469:Physical Review A
4448:(13): 1564â1570.
4166:Strong CP problem
4129:Quantum computing
4077:in the universe.
3962:quantum mechanics
3430:quantum mechanics
3379:{\displaystyle T}
3331:'s are required.
3271:
3234:
3194:
3009:
2901:
2847:
2737:{\displaystyle K}
2623:{\displaystyle T}
2603:{\displaystyle T}
2576:{\displaystyle T}
2478:{\displaystyle T}
2446:
2413:
2373:
2286:
2253:
2201:
2142:
2109:
2069:
1980:
1947:
1907:
1795:transformations.
1773:quantum computing
1695:quantum mechanics
1668:Faraday isolators
1582:
1550:
1526:{\displaystyle t}
1462:
1431:
1400:
1369:
1338:
1307:
1276:
1245:
1214:
1189:{\displaystyle t}
1107:
1054:
1023:
998:{\displaystyle V}
976:{\displaystyle E}
948:
917:
886:
840:chemical kinetics
806:Hawking radiation
784:of the universe.
727:quantum computing
715:Claude E. Shannon
671:
670:
663:
608:A toy called the
467:
466:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
6711:
6367:Dominical letter
6298:Equation of time
6261:Marine sandglass
6102:
6096:
6074:Terrestrial Time
5931:Time measurement
5924:
5917:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5887:
5886:
5877:
5876:
5794:Glottochronology
5634:
5633:
5550:Human experience
5410:B-theory of time
5008:
5007:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4754:
4745:
4687:
4686:
4668:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4615:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4537:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4484:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4410:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4242:
4222:
4209:Inline citations
4044:EDM of a neutron
4004:Particle physics
3985:
3959:
3951:Kramers' theorem
3948:
3914:
3892:
3881:
3830:Kramers' theorem
3824:Kramers' theorem
3754:
3717:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3591:
3577:
3567:
3546:
3524:
3506:
3492:
3464:is unitary, and
3459:
3445:
3434:unitary operator
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3212:
3211:
3196:
3195:
3187:
3169:
3168:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2903:
2902:
2894:
2878:
2873:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2806:
2805:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2391:
2390:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2348:
2347:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2231:
2230:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2087:
2086:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2044:
2043:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1925:
1924:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1885:
1884:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1747:
1721:Kramers' theorem
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1351:, magnetic field
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1036:, electric field
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
982:
980:
979:
974:
960:
958:
957:
952:
950:
949:
941:
929:
927:
926:
921:
919:
918:
910:
898:
896:
895:
890:
888:
887:
879:
844:detailed balance
838:In physical and
666:
659:
655:
652:
646:
622:
621:
614:
528:
526:
525:
520:
459:
452:
445:
389:
273:Day of Judgement
106:
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
6719:
6718:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6679:Time in physics
6669:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6599:
6490:
6457:
6431:
6312:
6212:
6163:Coordinate time
6135:Time in physics
6129:
6103:
6097:
6088:
5960:
5937:
5928:
5898:
5893:
5865:
5856:Time immemorial
5803:
5760:
5721:Coordinate time
5692:
5646:Geological time
5622:
5605:Time management
5568:Generation time
5552:
5544:
5489:
5471:
5391:
5350:
5328:
5216:
5134:
5051:
5044:
5000:
4992:
4961:
4956:
4926:
4921:
4898:
4875:
4852:
4849:
4742:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4649:
4645:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4571:
4567:
4518:
4514:
4465:
4461:
4438:
4434:
4387:
4383:
4346:
4342:
4311:
4307:
4276:
4272:
4223:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4183:Maxwell's demon
4107:
4083:
4001:
3980:
3954:
3943:
3909:
3893:, showing that
3883:
3873:
3844:
3832:
3826:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3718:has been made.
3709:
3703:
3664:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3583:
3569:
3559:
3538:
3519:
3498:
3484:
3451:
3437:
3419:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3263:
3262:
3244:
3243:
3226:
3225:
3207:
3203:
3186:
3185:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3086:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3001:
3000:
2976:
2972:
2963:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2893:
2892:
2874:
2860:
2839:
2838:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2636:Minkowski space
2632:Euclidean space
2615:
2612:
2611:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2438:
2437:
2405:
2404:
2386:
2382:
2365:
2364:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2278:
2277:
2245:
2244:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2134:
2133:
2101:
2100:
2082:
2078:
2061:
2060:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1972:
1971:
1939:
1938:
1920:
1916:
1899:
1898:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1801:
1799:Formal notation
1742:
1704:
1601:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:and another to
1542:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:Poynting vector
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:, magnetization
1423:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
990:
987:
986:
968:
965:
964:
940:
939:
937:
934:
933:
909:
908:
906:
903:
902:
878:
877:
875:
872:
871:
865:
860:
836:
790:
758:
744:, and hence to
697:Maxwell's demon
667:
656:
650:
647:
636:
623:
619:
602:
597:
579:(e.g., for the
568:(e.g., for the
496:
493:
492:
463:
434:
433:
409:
408:
399:
398:
394:Time in physics
387:
362:
361:
360:
341:
340:
321:
320:
319:
298:
297:
258:
257:
256:
237:
236:
212:
211:
200:
199:
160:
159:
158:Fields of study
150:
149:
116:
115:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6717:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6684:Thermodynamics
6681:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6648:Time metrology
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6613:
6607:
6605:
6604:Related topics
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6293:Dialing scales
6290:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6222:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6125:Prime meridian
6122:
6117:
6115:Ephemeris time
6111:
6109:
6105:
6104:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6084:180th meridian
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5927:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5904:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5881:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5799:Time geography
5796:
5791:
5789:Clock reaction
5786:
5785:
5784:
5774:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5702:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5642:
5640:
5631:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5588:time signature
5585:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5462:
5460:Temporal parts
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5430:Eternal return
5427:
5422:
5417:
5415:Chronocentrism
5412:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5226:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5202:
5200:Hindu Panchang
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5144:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5016:
5014:
5005:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4812:experiment in
4806:
4802:experiment in
4796:
4792:experiment in
4786:
4782:experiment in
4771:
4761:
4755:
4746:
4740:
4727:
4717:
4707:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4659:(1): 557â602.
4643:
4590:
4583:
4577:. : Springer.
4565:
4512:
4459:
4432:
4381:
4340:
4305:
4286:(6): 570â586.
4270:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4156:CPT invariance
4153:
4148:
4141:Standard model
4138:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4106:
4103:
4082:
4079:
4008:standard model
4000:
3997:
3976:Quantum states
3906:
3905:
3870:
3869:
3842:
3828:Main article:
3825:
3822:
3799:CPT invariance
3726:Main article:
3723:
3720:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3418:
3415:
3402:
3397:
3375:
3353:
3318:
3305:
3304:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3142:
3122:
3117:
3089:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3026:
3025:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2926:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2790:In this case,
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2733:
2707:
2703:
2691:
2690:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2619:
2599:
2572:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2474:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2321:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2204:
2198:
2172:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1854:
1800:
1797:
1785:boson sampling
1762:abelian groups
1758:quantum states
1754:
1753:
1739:
1732:
1703:
1700:
1674:, can occur.)
1600:
1597:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1549:
1546:
1522:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1491:
1479:
1461:
1458:
1445:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1399:
1396:
1383:
1368:
1365:
1352:
1337:
1334:
1321:
1306:
1303:
1290:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1244:
1241:
1228:
1213:
1210:
1197:
1185:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1124:Energy density
1121:
1106:
1103:
1090:
1078:
1068:
1053:
1050:
1037:
1022:
1019:
1006:
994:
984:
972:
962:
947:
944:
931:
916:
913:
900:
885:
882:
864:
861:
859:
856:
835:
832:
789:
786:
757:
754:
669:
668:
626:
624:
617:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
591:
584:
573:
530:
529:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
482:transformation
465:
464:
462:
461:
454:
447:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
410:
407:Related topics
406:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
391:
384:
379:
374:
369:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
333:
328:
322:
318:
317:
312:
306:
305:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
259:
255:
254:
251:
245:
244:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
229:
224:
219:
213:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
134:
133:
128:
123:
117:
114:Major concepts
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
99:
98:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6716:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6497:units of time
6493:
6487:
6486:Sidereal time
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6471:Galactic year
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6427:Weekday names
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6417:Tropical year
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6382:Intercalation
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:(lunar Hijri)
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6188:Time dilation
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6095:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6024:24-hour clock
6022:
6020:
6019:12-hour clock
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5925:
5920:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5890:
5882:
5880:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5777:Chronobiology
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5711:Arrow of time
5709:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5683:Geochronology
5681:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5533:Wheel of time
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5377:Periodization
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5303:Digital clock
5301:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5080:Relative hour
5078:
5076:
5075:24-hour clock
5073:
5071:
5070:12-hour clock
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4846:
4841:
4839:
4834:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:0-521-44349-0
4766:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4726:
4725:0-19-286198-0
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:0-7503-0759-5
4712:
4708:
4706:
4705:0-7503-0057-4
4702:
4698:
4697:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4606:(5): 055006.
4605:
4601:
4594:
4586:
4580:
4576:
4569:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4528:(6): 062314.
4527:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4475:(3): 032326.
4474:
4470:
4463:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4427:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4360:(2): 022009.
4359:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4233:(2): 023043.
4232:
4228:
4221:
4219:
4214:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:Neutrino mass
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:Arrow of time
4109:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4063:antiparticles
4060:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4034:of different
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:presages the
3963:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3876:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3807:strong bounds
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3677:
3674:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3552:time reversal
3548:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3479:Consider the
3477:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3422:Eugene Wigner
3414:
3400:
3373:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3289:
3286:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3240:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3170:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3120:
3106:, written as
3105:
3087:
3080:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3038:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2953:
2944:
2937:
2933:
2924:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2731:
2723:
2705:
2701:
2677:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2617:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2570:
2562:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2472:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2383:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2319:
2312:
2311:vector fields
2308:
2303:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2223:
2202:
2188:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2079:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1917:
1913:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1829:Hilbert space
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:beam splitter
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:Lorentz force
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1576:
1570:
1544:
1520:
1480:
1478:
1456:
1446:
1425:
1415:
1394:
1384:
1363:
1353:
1332:
1322:
1301:
1291:
1270:
1260:
1239:
1229:
1208:
1198:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1161:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1101:
1091:
1076:
1069:
1048:
1038:
1017:
1007:
992:
985:
970:
963:
942:
932:
911:
901:
880:
870:
869:
868:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
831:
829:
825:
820:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
798:
797:event horizon
793:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
706:
703:described by
702:
698:
693:
691:
683:
679:
675:
665:
662:
654:
644:
643:the talk page
640:
634:
632:
627:This article
625:
616:
615:
611:
610:teeter-totter
606:
589:
585:
582:
578:
574:
571:
567:
563:
562:
561:
559:
558:Arrow of time
555:
550:
548:
543:
539:
535:
516:
513:
510:
504:
501:
498:
491:
490:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
460:
455:
453:
448:
446:
441:
440:
438:
437:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
403:
402:
395:
392:
390:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
367:Chronobiology
365:
364:
357:
354:
351:
350:
345:
344:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
302:
301:
294:
291:
289:
288:Reincarnation
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
252:
250:
247:
246:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
210:
204:
203:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
154:
153:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
118:
110:
109:
105:
101:
100:
97:
94:
93:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
6633:Decimal time
6362:Astronomical
6241:Complication
6236:Atomic clock
6207:
5851:Time capsule
5845:Tempus fugit
5843:
5765:Other fields
5755:
5464:
5445:Perdurantism
5367:Calendar era
5319:
5312:
5298:Cuckoo clock
5235:astronomical
5209:
5035:Unit of time
4966:Key concepts
4894:CPT symmetry
4870:
4758:Multiferroic
4750:
4731:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4574:
4568:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4398:
4394:
4384:
4357:
4353:
4343:
4321:(6): 60004.
4318:
4314:
4308:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4230:
4226:
4151:CP violation
4099:CPT symmetry
4084:
4066:
4055:CPT symmetry
4048:
4028:CP violation
4016:CPT symmetry
4002:
3992:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3815:
3805:, this puts
3784:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3619:
3613:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3473:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3438:
3432:either by a
3425:
3420:
3339:
3333:
3306:
3103:
3027:
2753:tensor field
2750:
2692:
2587:
2585:
2561:Dirac spinor
2464:
2304:
2160:
1998:
1844:scalar field
1833:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1770:
1755:
1743:
1726:
1720:
1676:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1512:
1172:
866:
837:
821:
817:
810:
794:
791:
781:
761:
759:
735:
694:
687:
657:
648:
637:Please help
628:
588:measurements
566:physical law
553:
551:
536:states that
531:
473:
469:
468:
190:Paleontology
143:of the world
76:
67:
48:
6643:System time
6638:Metric time
6357:Solar Hijri
6283:Water clock
6266:Radio clock
6198:Time domain
6178:Proper time
6064:Leap second
5946:Chronometry
5861:Time travel
5839:System time
5746:Time domain
5731:Proper time
5555:use of time
5526:Father Time
5506:Immortality
5496:Ages of Man
5425:Endurantism
5382:Regnal year
5362:Big History
5291:water-based
5190:Solar Hijri
5100:Hexadecimal
5050:Measurement
5012:Chronometry
4998:Measurement
4889:CP symmetry
4401:(8): 1336.
4092:. However,
4069:. Thus the
4040:weak decays
3448:antiunitary
1811:that is an
788:Black holes
750:dissipation
738:phase space
575:due to the
554:asymmetries
429:Time travel
336:Hexadecimal
310:Measurement
278:Immortality
165:Archaeology
62:introducing
6673:Categories
6658:Timekeeper
6611:Chronology
6595:Millennium
6481:Precession
6387:Julian day
6208:T-symmetry
6069:Solar time
6039:Civil time
5563:Chronemics
5538:Kalachakra
5450:Presentism
5435:Eternalism
5341:Chronology
5279:mechanical
5230:Main types
5148:Main types
4871:T-symmetry
4866:P-symmetry
4861:C-symmetry
4535:1803.11534
4482:1705.05299
4408:2008.05193
4204:References
4146:CKM matrix
4067:vice versa
3618:with spin
3533:, only if
3497:, so that
1867:involution
1813:involution
1781:complexity
1777:simulation
1683:kinematics
813:white hole
801:black hole
766:heat death
651:March 2024
633:to readers
570:weak force
532:Since the
488:reversal,
480:under the
470:T-symmetry
356:Naturalism
293:Kalachakra
222:Eternalism
217:Presentism
209:Philosophy
195:Futurology
170:Chronology
70:March 2010
45:references
6555:Fortnight
6402:Lunisolar
6392:Leap year
6326:Gregorian
6276:stopwatch
6251:Hourglass
6231:Astrarium
6148:Spacetime
6079:Time zone
5956:Metrology
5935:standards
5819:Leap year
5736:Spacetime
5610:Yesterday
5511:Dreamtime
5485:Mythology
5372:Deep time
5284:stopwatch
5259:hourglass
5240:astrarium
5170:Gregorian
5163:Lunisolar
5140:Calendars
5130:Time zone
5003:standards
4912:Pin group
4907:Chirality
4666:0807.3125
4638:118880896
4613:1406.0083
4560:119227039
4507:119431211
4335:121427119
4240:1108.1305
4059:particles
4014:that has
3670:ℏ
3652:π
3646:−
3554:operator
3287:−
3269:→
3251:Ψ
3232:→
3217:−
3209:′
3205:Ψ
3201:↦
3192:→
3174:Ψ
3141:Ψ
3068:−
3007:→
2987:⋯
2974:ψ
2970:⋯
2899:→
2884:−
2876:′
2871:⋯
2858:ψ
2854:↦
2845:→
2825:⋯
2812:ψ
2776:⋯
2763:ψ
2663:π
2588:ab initio
2538:−
2529:↦
2444:→
2426:ψ
2411:→
2396:−
2388:′
2384:ψ
2380:↦
2371:→
2353:ψ
2320:ψ
2284:→
2266:ϕ
2251:→
2236:−
2228:′
2224:ϕ
2197:↦
2140:→
2122:ϕ
2107:→
2092:−
2084:′
2080:ϕ
2076:↦
2067:→
2049:ϕ
2013:±
1978:→
1960:ϕ
1945:→
1930:−
1922:′
1918:ϕ
1905:→
1887:ϕ
1853:ϕ
1793:squeezing
1580:→
1571:−
1548:→
1460:→
1429:→
1398:→
1367:→
1336:→
1305:→
1274:→
1243:→
1212:→
1105:→
1077:ρ
1052:→
1021:→
946:→
915:→
884:→
770:cosmology
682:Boltzmann
511:−
508:↦
424:Spacetime
377:Evolution
372:Cosmogony
315:Standards
283:Afterlife
253:Mythology
185:Metrology
6704:Symmetry
6616:Duration
6590:Saeculum
6570:Olympiad
6412:Solstice
6341:Holocene
6318:Calendar
6218:Horology
6009:ISO 8601
6004:ISO 31-1
5879:Category
5627:Time in
5618:Tomorrow
5480:Religion
5420:Duration
5387:Timeline
5321:Timeline
5120:Sidereal
4988:Eternity
4804:Fermilab
4395:Symmetry
4265:17583996
4105:See also
4036:flavours
3993:T-parity
3755:, where
3616:particle
3525:, where
3507:, where
3495:momentum
3468:denotes
3446:, or an
2493:fields,
2215:whereas
1750:fermions
1687:dynamics
846:and the
774:isotropy
756:Big Bang
680:through
542:universe
326:ISO 8601
268:End time
263:Creation
249:Religion
232:Fatalism
180:Horology
138:Eternity
6585:Century
6575:Lustrum
6505:Instant
6377:Equinox
6346:Islamic
6288:Sundial
6153:Chronon
5889:Commons
5812:Related
5726:Instant
5716:Chronon
5698:Physics
5638:Geology
5629:science
5501:Destiny
5346:History
5314:History
5269:sundial
5252:quantum
5195:Chinese
5185:Islamic
5095:Decimal
5090:Chinese
5052:systems
4978:Present
4671:Bibcode
4618:Bibcode
4540:Bibcode
4487:Bibcode
4413:Bibcode
4362:Bibcode
4288:Bibcode
4245:Bibcode
3930:. Let |
3704:is the
3529:is the
2491:complex
1840:complex
1821:spinors
1766:spinors
1679:physics
776:of the
746:entropy
710:entropy
678:entropy
629:may be
586:due to
538:entropy
352:Science
175:History
126:Present
58:improve
6580:Decade
6535:Moment
6530:Minute
6525:Second
6495:Other
6352:Julian
6331:Hebrew
5977:offset
5829:Moment
5824:Memory
5676:period
5264:marine
5247:atomic
5222:Clocks
5180:Hebrew
5175:Julian
5110:Metric
4983:Future
4810:CPLEAR
4767:
4738:
4723:
4713:
4703:
4636:
4581:
4558:
4505:
4333:
4263:
4032:mixing
4020:parity
3934:â© and
3921:parity
3868:) = Ί,
3695:where
3614:For a
3481:parity
3474:length
3460:where
2693:where
2489:. For
2487:matrix
2465:where
2307:spinor
2200:
1834:For a
1712:parity
414:Motion
331:Metric
131:Future
47:, but
6621:music
6560:Month
6520:Jiffy
6515:Shake
6510:Flick
6407:Solar
6397:Lunar
6372:Epact
6336:Hindu
6271:Watch
6226:Clock
5834:Space
5666:epoch
5656:chron
5614:Today
5583:tempo
5578:Music
5440:Event
5274:watch
5158:Lunar
5153:Solar
5125:Solar
5115:Roman
5105:Hindu
4790:BELLE
4780:Babar
4661:arXiv
4634:S2CID
4608:arXiv
4556:S2CID
4530:arXiv
4503:S2CID
4477:arXiv
4403:arXiv
4331:S2CID
4261:S2CID
4235:arXiv
3450:one,
3336:space
2185:is a
1838:(not
1748:(for
1660:local
1630:term
799:of a
556:(see
552:Time
419:Space
227:Event
6565:Year
6550:Week
6540:Hour
5994:DUT1
5933:and
5553:and
5516:KÄla
5211:List
5205:Maya
5001:and
4973:Past
4959:Time
4814:CERN
4808:the
4800:KTeV
4798:the
4788:the
4784:SLAC
4778:the
4765:ISBN
4736:ISBN
4721:ISBN
4711:ISBN
4701:ISBN
4579:ISBN
4065:and
4022:and
3958:= â1
3947:= â1
3913:= ±1
3900:= Ί
3882:and
3854:UKUK
3834:For
3771:and
3742:= d·
3511:and
2724:and
2309:and
1836:real
1791:and
1775:and
1746:= â1
1670:and
863:Even
762:only
729:and
486:time
121:Past
96:Time
6545:Day
5671:era
5661:eon
5651:age
5030:TAI
5020:UTC
4794:KEK
4679:doi
4626:doi
4548:doi
4495:doi
4450:doi
4421:doi
4370:doi
4323:doi
4319:108
4296:doi
4253:doi
4061:as
3984:= 1
3968:of
3877:= Ί
3809:on
3750:·Ύ·
3713:= â
3711:TJT
3598:iEt
3587:= â
3585:TiT
3573:= â
3571:TpT
3561:TxT
3540:PiP
3502:= â
3500:PpP
3488:= â
3486:PxP
3386:or
3366:or
3153:as
2187:map
1677:In
1169:Odd
484:of
472:or
6675::
5989:ÎT
5984:UT
5616:â
5612:â
5025:UT
4884:CP
4677:.
4669:.
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4655:.
4632:.
4624:.
4616:.
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4229:.
4217:^
4046:.
3995:.
3972:.
3904:Ί.
3887:=
3860:=
3858:UU
3856:=
3852:=
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3746:+
3592:.
3563:=
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3542:=
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1619:.
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1158:,
854:.
808:.
725:,
5923:e
5916:t
5909:v
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3911:T
3902:U
3898:U
3891:Ί
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3885:U
3879:U
3875:U
3866:U
3864:(
3862:U
3850:T
3843:2
3840:Z
3836:T
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3765:J
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3757:d
3752:E
3748:E
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3738:Î
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3706:y
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3675:K
3666:/
3660:y
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3649:i
3642:e
3638:=
3635:T
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3609:i
3602:i
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3509:x
3504:p
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3426:S
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3396:T
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3281:T
3275:)
3266:x
3260:,
3257:t
3254:(
3246:T
3241:=
3238:)
3229:x
3223:,
3220:t
3214:(
3198:)
3189:x
3183:,
3180:t
3177:(
3171::
3166:T
3121:,
3116:T
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3088:a
3081:b
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3071:1
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3060:(
3055:=
3050:b
3043:a
3039:T
3013:)
3004:x
2998:,
2995:t
2992:(
2984:f
2981:e
2978:d
2965:f
2958:c
2954:T
2945:e
2938:b
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2925:d
2918:a
2914:T
2908:=
2905:)
2896:x
2890:,
2887:t
2881:(
2868:c
2865:b
2862:a
2851:)
2842:x
2836:,
2833:t
2830:(
2822:c
2819:b
2816:a
2808::
2803:T
2773:c
2770:b
2767:a
2732:K
2706:y
2702:J
2678:K
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2660:i
2656:e
2652:=
2649:T
2618:T
2598:T
2571:T
2547:)
2544:y
2541:i
2535:x
2532:(
2526:)
2523:y
2520:i
2517:+
2514:x
2511:(
2508::
2505:K
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2441:x
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2432:t
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2423:T
2420:=
2417:)
2408:x
2402:,
2399:t
2393:(
2377:)
2368:x
2362:,
2359:t
2356:(
2350::
2345:T
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2281:x
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2272:t
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2260:=
2257:)
2248:x
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2239:t
2233:(
2203:,
2171:T
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2137:x
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2128:t
2125:(
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2116:=
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2104:x
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2095:t
2089:(
2073:)
2064:x
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2055:t
2052:(
2046::
2041:T
2016:1
2010:=
2007:s
1984:)
1975:x
1969:,
1966:t
1963:(
1957:s
1954:=
1951:)
1942:x
1936:,
1933:t
1927:(
1914:=
1911:)
1902:x
1896:,
1893:t
1890:(
1882:T
1825:T
1817:T
1809:T
1805:T
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1738:,
1652:T
1648:J
1644:B
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1636:B
1634:Ă
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1333:B
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1271:l
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1049:D
1018:E
993:V
971:E
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912:a
881:x
664:)
658:(
653:)
649:(
645:.
583:)
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514:t
505:t
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499:T
458:e
451:t
444:v
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77:(
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68:(
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