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574:), with samples being taken from the eggs at 10 minute intervals. During the egg development, the radioactive methionine was uptaken into the cells and used to make proteins. From the samples, proteins were precipitated and then separated by mass into distinct bands on a resolving gel mat, which were then observed by photographic film that could detect the radioactivity emitted by the proteins. Observing the changes in the bands across the samples, Hunt noticed that one of the proteins rose in abundance before disappearing during the
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540:) amongst the reefs and fishing docks, and it was these invertebrates that were particularly useful for the study of the synthesis of proteins in embryogenesis, as the embryos were simply generated with the application of filtered sea water, and the transparency of the embryo cells was well suited to microscopic study.
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from sea urchins and frogs and showed by elegant mRNA ablation experiments that cyclin translation is necessary for mitosis in frog embryos. He has also shown that cyclin is a subunit of the mitosis-promoting factor which regulates entry into mitosis. His discovery and characterization of cyclin are
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after the university told him to; he also resigned from several other research positions. Hunt apologised and stated that the remarks were in jest. He said that they had been taken out of context, as the remarks had originally been reported without the words starting with "now seriously". Hunt also
756:
It's strange that such a chauvinist monster like me has been asked to speak to women scientists. Let me tell you about my trouble with girls. Three things happen when they are in the lab: you fall in love with them, they fall in love with you, and when you criticise them they cry. Perhaps we should
1611:
Kumar, Manjeet; Michael, Sushama; Alvarado-Valverde, Jesús; Zeke, András; Lazar, Tamas; Glavina, Juliana; Nagy-Kanta, Eszter; Donagh, Juan Mac; Kalman, Zsofia E; Pascarelli, Stefano; Palopoli, Nicolas; Dobson, László; Suarez, Carmen
Florencia; Van Roey, Kim; Krystkowiak, Izabella (5 January 2024).
604:
Hunt was aware that the discovery of cyclins was significant, but was initially unsure of how cyclins functioned in regard to cell division. This was clarified in later papers in the 1980s and 1990s, some of which Hunt co-authored. These again utilized sea urchin eggs as well as eggs of the frog
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In addition to his scientific contributions, Hunt is a lifelong advocate for scientific research. After winning the Nobel Prize in 2001, he spent much of his time traveling the world, talking to both popular and specialist audiences. In these talks he offered his characteristic perspective on
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make separate labs for boys and girls? Now, seriously, I'm impressed by the economic development of Korea. And women scientists played, without a doubt, an important role in it. Science needs women, and you should do science, despite all the obstacles, and despite monsters like me.
826:. With Ruderman and Rosenthal, he demonstrated selective translational control of mRNA in early clam embryos. This led to Hunt's discovery of cyclin as a protein which is selectively destroyed in mitosis. He subsequently cloned and sequenced cyclin
2215:
686:, in the United Kingdom, where his work focused on understanding on what makes cell go cancerous, that is: proliferate uncontrollably, with the ordinary inhibitory signals switched off. That same year, Hunt defined the concept of
578:
phase of cell division. Hunt named the protein "cyclin" based on his observation of the cyclical changes in its levels. It was later discovered that cyclins are continuously synthesised, but are specifically targeted for
874:
is awarded for his discovery of cyclins, proteins that regulate the CDK function. He showed that cyclins are degraded periodically at each cell division, a mechanism proved to be of general importance for cell cycle
734:
inquiry, which emphasizes the importance of having fun and being lucky. He also believes that science benefits when power is given to young people, himself having been given full autonomy and authority at age 27.
488:
Following his PhD, Hunt returned to New York to work with London, in collaboration with
Nechama Kosower, her husband Edward Kosower, and Ellie Ehrenfeld. While there, they discovered that tiny amounts of
770:
stated he "did mean the part about having trouble with girls". Some public figures and scientists, including some who had worked with Hunt, suggested that the backlash against him was disproportionate.
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1671:"Growth and Division: The Cell Cycle . An Introduction. Andrew Murray and Tim Hunt. Oxford University Press, New York, 1993. xii, 251 pp., illus. $ 45 or ÂŁ32.50; paper, $ 22.95 or ÂŁ15.95"
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in 1978, serving as a member of the organisation's
Fellowship Committee 1990–1993, its Meeting Committee 2008–2009, and its governing body, the Council, 2004–2009. He was elected a
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562:. Hunt was observing the eggs undergo cell division after fertilization. The study also included a control group where the eggs had been activated without fertilization by a
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Parts of the remarks were widely publicised on social media due to their perceived sexist nature, resulting in an intense online backlash, which some described as an act of
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for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division of cells. While studying fertilized sea urchin eggs in the early 1980s, Hunt discovered
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in Life
Science and Medicine. In 2010, Hunt joined the Academic Advisory Board of the Austrian think tank Academia Superior, Institute for Future Studies.
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Hunt, Tim; Hunter, Tony; Munro, Alan (1968). "Control of haemoglobin synthesis: a difference in the size of the polysomes making alpha and beta chains".
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cell cycle. Together with
Jackson and their students, he defined steps in formation of the initiation complex in protein synthesis, showing that the
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Hunt, Tim; Hunter, Tony; Munro, Alan (1968). "Control of haemoglobin synthesis: Distribution of ribosomes on the messenger RNA for α and β chains".
405:
radio, most likely in intelligence, although it is not known what he actually did. In 1945, Richard became Keeper of the
Western Manuscripts at the
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Distinguished for his studies of the control of protein synthesis in animal cells and for the discovery of cyclin, a protein which regulates the
635:
eggs. MPF induces mitosis, with the cyclic activation and inactivation of MPF being a key element in regulating and progressing the cell cycle.
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Hunt is a highly regarded colleague and mentor in the research community. During his career he has supervised numerous PhD students including
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in June 2015, Hunt gave a impromptu toast at a lunch for female journalists and scientists. As recounted by an EU official, Hunt said:
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in
Liverpool, and Kit Rowland, daughter of a timber merchant. After the death of both his parents, Hunt found his father had worked at
2003:
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in New York, staying from July to
October 1966. His PhD was supervised by Asher Korner and focused on haemoglobin synthesis in intact
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Since winning the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine in 2001, Hunt has lectured regularly about the joys of scientific discovery.
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in Japan, and is now
Director of the Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London. The couple have two daughters.
870:. The three laureates are cited "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle," while Hunt in particular
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1556:"Cyclin: A protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division"
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killed the synthesis altogether. After returning to Cambridge, he again began work with Tony Hunter and
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of initiation factor eIF-2 by two distinct protein kinases and they elucidated the unexpected roles of
436:, graduating in 1964 and immediately beginning work in the university Department of Biochemistry under
1587:"Sir Tim Hunt: I am interested in how cells know what they are and how they should behave (Interview)"
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
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1951:"Tim Hunt: 'I've been hung out to dry. They haven't even bothered to ask for my side of affairs'"
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deficiency. They showed that inhibition of protein synthesis is mediated by reversible
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in 1983. Hunt later demonstrated that cyclins were also present in another sea urchin,
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2264:"Tim Hunt entry in the online member directory of the US National Academy of Sciences"
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Evans, Tom; Rosenthal, Eric T.; Youngblom, Jim; Distel, Dan; Hunt, Tim (June 1983).
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1144:"Molecular cloning and characterization of the mRNA for cyclin from sea urchin eggs"
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Recorded in The Gazette (London Gazette), issue 58014, 16 June 2006, supplement 1.
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1979:"Shamed Nobel laureate Tim Hunt 'ruined by rush to judgment after stupid remarks'"
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major contributions to our knowledge of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells.
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2070:"Dimbleby resigns from UCL in protest at 'disgraceful' treatment of Sir Tim Hunt"
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2374:"How to Win a Nobel Prize", Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2015
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during mitosis. The discovery of cyclins was reported in a study published in
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2385:"Lessons from a Life in Science", West China School of Medicine, 2014
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1735:"Tim Hunt biography on the web pages of the Francis Crick Institute"
694:, which Hunt co-authored along with Andrew Murray, was published by
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1471:"A Journey through Time on the Discovery of Cell Cycle Regulation"
2004:
Sir Tim Hunt: my gratitude to female scientists for their support
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1761:"Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering"
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1529:"Understanding how cells divide – the story of a Nobel prize"
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Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
2216:"Certificate of election EC/1991/14: Hunt, Richard Timothy"
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Protein Synthesis, Proteolysis, and Cell Cycle Transitions
554:
sea urchin eggs as his model organism, that he discovered
2238:"Fellow list entry for Tim Hunt on the Academy web pages"
2017:"Sir Tim Hunt 'sorry' over 'trouble with girls' comments"
1108:
Cyclin : a major maternal message in sea urchin eggs
502:
2061:
1669:
Cross, Frederick R.; Levine, Kristi (25 February 1994).
1377:
2095:"Boris Johnson defends Sir Tim Hunt's 'sexist' remarks"
1928:"Leaked transcript shows 'sexist' scientist was joking"
4936:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
4901:
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
2183:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1614:"ELM—the Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource—2024 update"
570:
in which some of the atoms were radioactive isotopes (
524:. The location provided a ready supply of surf clams (
1753:
1046:
Transcription and Translation in Reticulocyte Lysates
839:(FMedSci) in 1998, and a foreign associate of the US
623:(MPF). MPF has previously been identified in 1971 by
2113:
710:. He has served on the Selection Committee for the
558:
proteins. Cyclins play a key role in regulating the
2396:At the 2010 Lindau Meeting, Hunt participated in a
765:. Hunt resigned from his honorary professorship at
4876:People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford
1222:
925:
748:At the World Conference of Science Journalists in
706:. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the
413:. At the age of eight, Hunt was accepted into the
2414:conducted two in-depth interviews with Tim Hunt:
1469:Uzbekov, Rustem; Prigent, Claude (January 2022).
4847:
2303:"PDF List of Fellows on the webpages of the RSE"
2285:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001"
1926:Whipple, Tom; Waterfield, Bruno (24 June 2015).
1443:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001"
949:Molecular Biology of the Cell: The Problems Book
2404:"Meeting the 'systems' skeptic – with Tim Hunt"
2044:"Women scientists defend 'sexist' Nobel winner"
1854:"Women scientists defend 'sexist' Nobel winner"
1332:
1297:
4343:
2188:"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies"
1845:
1468:
780:European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
566:. The eggs were incubated with the amino acid
4613:
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1996:
548:It was at Woods Hole around July 1982, using
2438:including the Nobel Lecture 9 December 2001
973:
512:Hunt regularly spent summers working at the
4627:
2410:In July 2015, the historian/anthropologist
2122:"Leave Sir Tim alone, says fellow laureate"
1813:Academia Superior – Academic Advisory Board
1668:
1038:
1036:
912:Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
440:. There, he worked with scientists such as
376:
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1827:"Tim Hunt plaudits (Letter to the editor)"
1194:"Dr Jonathon Pines: Department of Zoology"
1100:
1098:
951:(6th ed.). Taylor & Francis Ltd.
946:
923:
744:Online shaming § Tim Hunt controversy
460:to allow him to work in his laboratory at
60:
4931:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
1819:
1787:"Shaw Prize Website: Selection Committee"
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784:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1991
4946:Academics of the Francis Crick Institute
2256:
2009:
1897:"I Believe in Giving Power to the Young"
1584:
1033:
881:Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
642:
4830:National Institute for Medical Research
2295:
2151:European Molecular Biology Organization
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1115:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
1095:
1053:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
1006:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
883:(HonFRSE). In 2006, he was awarded the
543:
4848:
4401:(Trinidad & Tobago/United Kingdom)
2194:from the original on 25 September 2015
2176:from the original on 17 November 2015.
2067:
1938:from the original on 26 February 2020.
1894:
1237: ed.). A & C Black.
1204:
1091:from the original on 17 November 2015.
1042:
988:
835:Hunt was elected a fellow of the UK's
478:
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4317:
2806:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2774:
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1976:
1948:
1942:
1903:. Freiburg: LJ-Verlag. Archived from
1464:
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1460:
1104:
1073:
848:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
786:, his certificate of election reads:
773:
381:Hunt was born on 19 February 1943 in
359:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
349:(born 19 February 1943) is a British
191:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
19:For other people named Tim Hunt, see
4871:People educated at The Dragon School
2163:
2139:
1248:
999:
906:Hunt is married to the immunologist
708:Campaign for Science and Engineering
421:. When he was fourteen, he moved to
4886:Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge
2157:
1879:"I admire people who do fun things"
1142:Pines, Jonathon; Hunt, Tim (1987).
1105:Pines, Jonathon Noe Joseph (1987).
932:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
879:In 2003, Hunt was made an honorary
737:
728:
462:Albert Einstein College of Medicine
13:
4881:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
2308:. 24 November 2015. Archived from
1701:
1457:
1186:
1162:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02604.x
924:Murray, Andrew; Hunt, Tim (1993).
16:British biochemist; Nobel laureate
14:
4957:
2363:
1533:Cancer Research UK – Science blog
1200:from the original on 15 May 2015.
778:Hunt was elected a member of the
2453:
1025:
947:Wilson, John; Hunt, Tim (2014).
901:
858:for their discoveries regarding
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1970:
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1727:
1687:10.1126/science.263.5150.1164.b
1662:
1604:
1578:
1547:
1521:
1393:Jackson, Peter K. (July 2008).
1326:
1291:
928:The Cell Cycle: An Introduction
917:
692:The Cell Cycle: An Introduction
638:
483:
423:Magdalen College School, Oxford
165:
121:Magdalen College School, Oxford
2068:Meikle, James (30 June 2015).
1709:"Cancer Research UK: Tim Hunt"
1000:Hunt, Richard Timothy (1969).
428:In 1961, he was accepted into
409:, and the family relocated to
1:
2669:Christopher Roland Somerville
2400:video about systems biology.
2120:Whipple, Tom (13 July 2015).
2006:. The Observer, 20 June 2015.
1977:McKie, Robin (13 June 2015).
1949:McKie, Robin (13 June 2015).
1895:Torres, Isabel (April 2014).
1585:Liz Hunt (21 December 2010).
1081:"Sir Hugh Pelham FMedSci FRS"
966:
677:Imperial Cancer Research Fund
248:Imperial Cancer Research Fund
4906:Fellows of the Royal Society
2335:"Royal Medal recent winners"
2042:Whipple, T. (23 June 2015).
1852:Whipple, T. (23 June 2015).
1572:10.1016/0092-8674(83)90420-8
1312:10.1016/0022-2836(68)90217-9
1300:Journal of Molecular Biology
1242:UK public library membership
1003:The synthesis of haemoglobin
898:for his service to science.
846:In 2001, he was awarded the
841:National Academy of Sciences
514:Marine Biological Laboratory
475:), and was awarded in 1968.
279:The synthesis of haemoglobin
258:Marine Biological Laboratory
7:
3898:Christiane NĂĽsslein-Volhard
1043:Pelham, Hugh R. B. (1978).
837:Academy of Medical Sciences
621:maturation-promoting factor
401:, then the headquarters of
10:
4962:
2166:"Sir Tim Hunt FMedSci FRS"
1816:. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
1412:10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.011
741:
675:In 1990, he began work at
357:. He was awarded the 2001
18:
4835:London Research Institute
4822:
4676:
4663:University College London
4635:
4525:
4494:
4463:
4432:
4408:
4384:
4353:
3971:
3636:
3297:
3095:Charles Scott Sherrington
3071:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
3033:
2812:
2727:
2511:
1273:"Tim Hunt – Biographical"
1233:. Vol. 2015 (online
910:, who was provost of the
894:Hunt was knighted in the
767:University College London
684:London Research Institute
518:Woods Hole, Massachusetts
501:and that tiny amounts of
322:
301:
289:
271:
243:University College London
238:London Research Institute
230:
219:
212:
183:
175:
150:
140:
129:
108:
75:
59:
30:
21:Tim Hunt (disambiguation)
4658:Medical Research Council
4363:William Standish Knowles
4085:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
2447:publications indexed by
1196:. Cambridge: cam.ac.uk.
982:publications indexed by
868:cyclin-dependent kinases
617:cyclin-dependent kinases
430:Clare College, Cambridge
377:Early life and education
329:Sir Richard Timothy Hunt
4926:British Nobel laureates
4921:English Nobel laureates
4648:Imperial College London
4629:Francis Crick Institute
2750:Hendrik C. van de Hulst
2589:David Stewart Jenkinson
1235:Oxford University Press
704:Francis Crick Institute
696:Oxford University Press
263:Francis Crick Institute
253:University of Cambridge
134:University of Cambridge
4531:Nobel Prize recipients
4465:Physiology or Medicine
2866:Santiago RamĂłn y Cajal
2699:Martin Paterson Vessey
2205:
1618:Nucleic Acids Research
1445:. Nobel Prize Outreach
1279:. Nobel Media AB. 2001
877:
833:
759:
672:
615:enzymes (specifically
4653:King's College London
3367:Dickinson W. Richards
3051:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
2609:Malcolm Douglas Lilly
2179:
1488:10.3390/cells11040704
1395:"The Hunt for Cyclin"
896:2006 Birthday Honours
872:
820:thioredoxin reductase
796:40S ribosomal subunit
788:
754:
742:Further information:
679:, later known as the
653:Jerome Isaac Friedman
646:
454:haemoglobin synthesis
145:Cell cycle regulation
4375:Karl Barry Sharpless
3790:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3151:Albert Szent-Györgyi
2740:Michael Stuart Brown
2599:Philip Johnson-Laird
2544:Robert Wolfgang Cahn
2462:at Wikimedia Commons
1630:10.1093/nar/gkad1058
702:Group Leader at the
544:Discovery of cyclins
391:Richard William Hunt
80:Richard Timothy Hunt
4911:Royal Medal winners
4891:English biochemists
4182:William C. Campbell
4093:Elizabeth Blackburn
3930:Robert F. Furchgott
3922:Stanley B. Prusiner
3914:Rolf M. Zinkernagel
3814:George H. Hitchings
3778:Joseph L. Goldstein
3738:Bengt I. Samuelsson
3567:Earl Sutherland Jr.
2745:Joseph L. Goldstein
2644:Kenneth John Packer
2634:John Norman Murrell
2594:Brian F. G. Johnson
2569:David Headley Green
2559:Bryan Randell Coles
2539:Peter Elwood Bryant
2423:– Part Two, 28 July
2226:on 5 December 2018.
1793:on 26 December 2015
1681:(5150): 1164–1165.
1347:1968Natur.220..481H
688:short linear motifs
671:and Robert Baughman
560:cell-division cycle
527:Spisula solidissima
479:Career and research
4896:English biologists
4866:People from Neston
4744:Robin Lovell-Badge
4643:Cancer Research UK
4473:Leland H. Hartwell
4442:Eric Allin Cornell
4242:William Kaelin Jr.
4238:Peter J. Ratcliffe
3981:Leland H. Hartwell
3870:Richard J. Roberts
3750:Barbara McClintock
3694:Godfrey Hounsfield
3595:Nikolaas Tinbergen
3527:Marshall Nirenberg
3495:Charles B. Huggins
3284:Tadeusz Reichstein
3272:AntĂłnio Egas Moniz
3067:Christiaan Eijkman
2714:Michael Waterfield
2614:George Owen Mackie
2554:Brian Charlesworth
2529:Michael John Bevan
2432:on Nobelprize.org
2418:– Part One, 7 July
2244:on 4 December 2018
1715:on 13 October 2008
1129:uk.bl.ethos.233321
1067:uk.bl.ethos.468626
1020:uk.bl.ethos.604802
774:Awards and honours
681:Cancer Research UK
673:
669:Jonathan M. Dorfan
537:Arbacia punctulata
452:interested him in
367:Leland H. Hartwell
4843:
4842:
4804:Jean-Paul Vincent
4595:
4594:
4496:Economic Sciences
4448:Wolfgang Ketterle
4311:
4310:
4276:Ardem Patapoutian
4125:Ralph M. Steinman
4121:Jules A. Hoffmann
4109:Robert G. Edwards
4077:Harald zur Hausen
4001:H. Robert Horvitz
3902:Eric F. Wieschaus
3838:E. Donnall Thomas
3822:J. Michael Bishop
3810:Gertrude B. Elion
3682:Hamilton O. Smith
3607:Christian de Duve
3343:Frederick Robbins
3220:Alexander Fleming
3159:Corneille Heymans
3005:Frederick Banting
2910:Allvar Gullstrand
2768:
2767:
2639:John Newsom-Davis
2524:John Evan Baldwin
2458:Media related to
1767:on 28 August 2010
1624:(D1): D442–D455.
1341:(5166): 481–483.
1240:(Subscription or
1156:(10): 2987–2995.
958:978-0-8153-4453-7
939:978-0-19-509529-6
824:protein synthesis
592:Lytechinus pictus
564:calcium ionophore
495:protein synthesis
448:. A 1965 talk by
403:BBC World Service
326:
325:
302:Doctoral students
214:Scientific career
4953:
4916:Knights Bachelor
4794:Richard Treisman
4759:Vassilis Pachnis
4724:Caroline S. Hill
4622:
4615:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4533:
4487:(United Kingdom)
4481:(United Kingdom)
4338:
4331:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4304:
4289:
4278:
4263:
4257:Michael Houghton
4244:
4234:Gregg L. Semenza
4228:
4222:James P. Allison
4216:
4214:Michael W. Young
4200:
4198:Yoshinori Ohsumi
4192:
4176:
4160:
4158:Thomas C. SĂĽdhof
4144:
4132:
4111:
4103:
4097:Carol W. Greider
4087:
4071:
4055:
4043:
4031:
4019:
4007:
3991:
3964:
3948:
3940:
3924:
3916:
3910:Peter C. Doherty
3904:
3888:
3882:Alfred G. Gilman
3876:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3826:Harold E. Varmus
3816:
3800:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3752:
3744:
3728:
3712:
3702:Baruj Benacerraf
3696:
3684:
3668:
3652:
3629:
3613:
3597:
3581:
3569:
3561:
3545:
3529:
3519:Robert W. Holley
3513:
3497:
3485:
3469:
3457:
3441:
3425:
3423:Georg von Békésy
3417:
3405:
3393:
3391:Joshua Lederberg
3377:
3369:
3363:Werner Forssmann
3353:
3345:
3329:
3317:
3309:
3290:
3274:
3262:
3254:
3252:Bernardo Houssay
3238:
3230:
3214:
3202:
3190:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3133:
3125:
3109:
3101:
3089:
3081:
3079:Karl Landsteiner
3073:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3043:Johannes Fibiger
3026:
3025:
3019:
3017:Willem Einthoven
3011:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2882:Élie Metchnikoff
2876:
2874:Alphonse Laveran
2868:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2654:Gerald Pattenden
2619:Allan Mackintosh
2490:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2457:
2437:
2386:
2375:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2315:on 30 March 2016
2314:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2240:. Archived from
2234:
2228:
2227:
2222:. Archived from
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2177:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1907:on 16 March 2019
1892:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1789:. Archived from
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1763:. Archived from
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1741:on 15 April 2019
1737:. Archived from
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1711:. Archived from
1705:
1699:
1698:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1535:. 6 October 2014
1525:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1490:
1466:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1414:
1390:
1375:
1374:
1355:10.1038/220481a0
1330:
1324:
1323:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1226:
1219:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1149:The EMBO Journal
1139:
1133:
1132:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1023:
997:
986:
977:
962:
943:
931:
802:before it binds
798:binds initiator
738:2015 controversy
729:Science advocacy
649:Cherry A. Murray
595:, as well as in
434:Natural Sciences
407:Bodleian Library
393:, a lecturer in
348:
291:Doctoral advisor
285:
169:
167:
93:
90:19 February 1943
89:
87:
64:
54:
28:
27:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4818:
4789:Charles Swanton
4699:Julian Downward
4689:Doreen Cantrell
4672:
4631:
4626:
4596:
4591:
4529:
4521:
4518:(United States)
4516:Joseph Stiglitz
4512:(United States)
4506:(United States)
4490:
4475:(United States)
4459:
4456:(United States)
4444:(United States)
4428:
4404:
4380:
4377:(United States)
4365:(United States)
4349:
4342:
4312:
4307:
4292:
4281:
4266:
4261:Charles M. Rice
4253:Harvey J. Alter
4247:
4231:
4219:
4210:Michael Rosbash
4206:Jeffrey C. Hall
4203:
4195:
4179:
4170:May-Britt Moser
4163:
4147:
4142:Shinya Yamanaka
4135:
4114:
4106:
4101:Jack W. Szostak
4090:
4074:
4069:Oliver Smithies
4058:
4046:
4034:
4022:
4017:Peter Mansfield
4010:
4005:John E. Sulston
3994:
3978:
3967:
3951:
3943:
3927:
3919:
3907:
3894:Edward B. Lewis
3891:
3879:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3819:
3803:
3798:Susumu Tonegawa
3795:
3783:
3771:
3755:
3747:
3731:
3715:
3699:
3687:
3671:
3658:Roger Guillemin
3655:
3650:Daniel Gajdusek
3646:Baruch Blumberg
3643:
3632:
3623:Renato Dulbecco
3619:David Baltimore
3616:
3600:
3587:Karl von Frisch
3584:
3572:
3564:
3548:
3532:
3516:
3507:Haldan Hartline
3500:
3488:
3472:
3460:
3444:
3439:Maurice Wilkins
3428:
3420:
3408:
3403:Arthur Kornberg
3396:
3380:
3372:
3356:
3348:
3332:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3293:
3277:
3265:
3257:
3241:
3233:
3217:
3208:Joseph Erlanger
3205:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3136:
3128:
3112:
3104:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3064:
3059:Charles Nicolle
3056:
3048:
3040:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2902:Albrecht Kossel
2899:
2891:
2879:
2871:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2808:
2799:
2769:
2764:
2723:
2709:Kenneth Walters
2664:Charles Scriver
2507:
2494:
2412:Alan Macfarlane
2384:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1947:
1943:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1667:
1663:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1583:
1579:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1467:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1391:
1378:
1331:
1327:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1249:
1239:
1224:"HUNT, Sir Tim"
1221:
1220:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1140:
1136:
1103:
1096:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1041:
1034:
1024:
998:
989:
978:
974:
969:
959:
940:
920:
904:
852:Leland Hartwell
812:phosphorylation
776:
746:
740:
731:
641:
629:Clement Markert
546:
507:Richard Jackson
486:
481:
473:red blood cells
442:Louis Reichardt
419:Gerd Sommerhoff
379:
332:
318:
283:
267:
208:
203:Knight Bachelor
171:
168: 1995)
163:
159:
130:Alma mater
125:
104:
94:
91:
85:
83:
82:
81:
71:
55:
38:
36:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4959:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4809:David Willetts
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4734:Malcolm Irving
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4668:Wellcome Trust
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4510:Michael Spence
4507:
4504:George Akerlof
4500:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4420:
4418:United Nations
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4298:Katalin KarikĂł
4290:
4279:
4264:
4245:
4229:
4217:
4201:
4193:
4177:
4161:
4154:Randy Schekman
4145:
4133:
4112:
4104:
4088:
4081:Luc Montagnier
4072:
4061:Mario Capecchi
4056:
4044:
4037:Barry Marshall
4032:
4020:
4013:Paul Lauterbur
4008:
3997:Sydney Brenner
3992:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3958:Paul Greengard
3954:Arvid Carlsson
3949:
3941:
3925:
3917:
3905:
3889:
3886:Martin Rodbell
3877:
3865:
3862:Edwin G. Krebs
3858:Edmond Fischer
3853:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3806:James W. Black
3801:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3766:CĂ©sar Milstein
3762:Georges Köhler
3753:
3745:
3734:Sune Bergström
3729:
3726:Torsten Wiesel
3722:David H. Hubel
3713:
3697:
3685:
3678:Daniel Nathans
3669:
3662:Andrew Schally
3653:
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3614:
3598:
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3575:Gerald Edelman
3570:
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3559:Julius Axelrod
3546:
3543:Salvador Luria
3539:Alfred Hershey
3530:
3514:
3498:
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3475:François Jacob
3470:
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3406:
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3359:André Cournand
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3315:Selman Waksman
3310:
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3299:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3280:Edward Kendall
3275:
3263:
3255:
3239:
3236:Hermann Muller
3231:
3215:
3212:Herbert Gasser
3203:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3167:Gerhard Domagk
3162:
3154:
3146:
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3123:William Murphy
3115:George Whipple
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2735:Duilio Arigoni
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2289:nobelprize.org
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2149:. Heidelberg:
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2101:. 15 June 2015
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2023:. 10 June 2015
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4774:Geraint Rees
4769:Keith Peters
4764:Anne O'Garra
4739:Harpal Kumar
4728:
4677:Senior staff
4561:
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4369:RyĹŤji Noyori
4287:Svante Pääbo
4272:David Julius
4226:Tasuku Honjo
4174:Edvard Moser
4166:John O'Keefe
4129:posthumously
4128:
4065:Martin Evans
4041:Robin Warren
4025:Richard Axel
3984:
3972:2001–present
3850:Bert Sakmann
3718:Roger Sperry
3710:George Snell
3706:Jean Dausset
3674:Werner Arber
3627:Howard Temin
3551:Bernard Katz
3535:Max DelbrĂĽck
3491:Francis Rous
3467:Feodor Lynen
3463:Konrad Bloch
3451:Alan Hodgkin
3435:James Watson
3411:Frank Burnet
3399:Severo Ochoa
3387:Edward Tatum
3375:Daniel Bovet
3288:Philip Hench
3200:Edward Doisy
3131:Hans Spemann
3119:George Minot
3099:Edgar Adrian
3087:Otto Warburg
3009:John Macleod
2978:August Krogh
2970:Jules Bordet
2886:Paul Ehrlich
2838:Niels Finsen
2822:Emil Behring
2704:Dick Walcott
2583:
2534:Kenneth Bray
2439:
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2074:The Guardian
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1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1983:The Observer
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1905:the original
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484:Early career
438:Asher Korner
427:
395:palaeography
380:
355:physiologist
328:
327:
296:Asher Korner
277:
231:Institutions
213:
157:Mary Collins
25:
4856:1943 births
4779:John Skehel
4714:Peter Gruss
4454:Carl Wieman
4346:Nobel Prize
4138:John Gurdon
4053:Craig Mello
4049:Andrew Fire
3962:Eric Kandel
3938:Ferid Murad
3846:Erwin Neher
3758:Niels Jerne
3523:Har Khorana
3511:George Wald
3479:André Lwoff
3447:John Eccles
3335:John Enders
3307:Max Theiler
3268:Walter Hess
3260:Paul MĂĽller
3224:Ernst Chain
2894:Emil Kocher
2854:Robert Koch
2846:Ivan Pavlov
2830:Ronald Ross
2659:Graham Ross
2649:John Palmer
2629:Michael May
2340:13 November
2319:28 December
2269:26 December
2248:28 December
2053:28 December
2027:25 December
1863:28 December
1837:28 December
1797:25 December
1771:11 February
1719:13 November
1596:26 December
889:Royal Medal
816:thioredoxin
719:Hugh Pelham
665:Akito Arima
581:proteolysis
532:sea urchins
491:glutathione
446:Tony Hunter
309:Hugh Pelham
197:Royal Medal
4850:Categories
4814:Philip Yea
4754:Paul Nurse
4485:Paul Nurse
4423:Kofi Annan
4386:Literature
3989:Paul Nurse
3323:Hans Krebs
3248:Gerty Cori
3196:Henrik Dam
3143:Otto Loewi
3139:Henry Dale
2760:John Tukey
2719:Colin Webb
2604:David King
2549:John Cardy
2519:Paul Adams
2218:. London:
2168:. London:
2147:"Tim Hunt"
1539:24 October
1481:(4): 704.
1244:required.)
1083:. London:
967:References
860:cell cycle
856:Paul Nurse
792:eukaryotic
712:Shaw Prize
619:) to form
568:methionine
493:inhibited
471:(immature
399:Bush House
363:Paul Nurse
351:biochemist
224:Cell cycle
86:1943-02-19
4784:Jim Smith
4636:Funded by
4450:(Germany)
4355:Chemistry
4348:laureates
4190:Tu Youyou
3742:John Vane
3637:1976–2000
3298:1951–1975
3244:Carl Cori
3034:1926–1950
2813:1901–1925
2802:Laureates
2126:The Times
2048:The Times
2002:McKie R.
1932:The Times
1858:The Times
1831:The Times
1695:0036-8075
1638:0305-1048
1497:2073-4409
1230:Who's Who
1121:499166627
1059:500538683
1012:885437139
843:in 1999.
432:to study
136:(BA, PhD)
109:Education
103:, England
4729:Tim Hunt
4479:Tim Hunt
3985:Tim Hunt
2584:Tim Hunt
2503:elected
2460:Tim Hunt
2445:Tim Hunt
2430:Tim Hunt
2192:Archived
2174:Archived
2099:BBC News
2021:BBC News
1988:21 March
1936:Archived
1911:13 April
1901:Labtimes
1745:15 April
1656:37962385
1647:10767929
1515:35203358
1449:8 August
1421:18662532
1283:14 March
1198:Archived
1089:Archived
980:Tim Hunt
875:control.
700:Emeritus
661:KĹŤji Omi
387:Cheshire
176:Children
101:Cheshire
66:Hunt at
35:Tim Hunt
4434:Physics
4425:(Ghana)
4371:(Japan)
2804:of the
2728:Foreign
2512:Fellows
2505:in 1991
2499:of the
2497:Fellows
2390:YouTube
2379:YouTube
2198:9 March
2131:13 July
2079:30 June
1962:14 June
1884:YouTube
1675:Science
1506:8870340
1429:1974575
1371:4293819
1363:5686164
1343:Bibcode
1320:5760537
1180:2826125
633:Xenopus
608:Xenopus
601:clams.
598:Spisula
576:mitosis
551:Arbacia
522:mitosis
338:FMedSci
170:
162:
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220:Fields
205:(2006)
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193:(2001)
184:Awards
151:Spouse
97:Neston
4562:2001
4410:Peace
4344:2001
2313:(PDF)
2306:(PDF)
2185:." --
1475:Cells
1425:S2CID
1367:S2CID
1125:EThOS
1063:EThOS
1016:EThOS
850:with
750:Seoul
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1359:PMID
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1285:2024
1176:PMID
1117:OCLC
1055:OCLC
1008:OCLC
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818:and
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800:tRNA
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