386:. He said of the MBL of that day, "Today, it stands as the uniquely national center for biology in this country; it is the National Biological Laboratory without being officially designated (or yet funded) as such. Its influence on the growth and development of biologic science has been equivalent to that of many of the country's universities combined, for it has had its pick of the world's scientific talent for each summer's research and teaching. Someone has counted thirty Nobel Laureates who have worked at the MBL at one time or another. It is amazing that such an institution, exerting so much influence on academic science, has been able to remain so absolutely autonomous. It has, to be sure, linkages of various kinds, arrangements with outside universities for certain graduate programs, and it adheres delicately, somewhat ambiguously, to the
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evolve. It may shift soon into a new phase, with a year-round program for teaching and research and a year-round staff, but it will have to accomplish this without jeopardizing the immense power of its summer programs, or all institutional hell will break loose. It will have to find new ways for relating to the universities, if its graduate programs are to expand as they should. It will have to develop new symbiotic relations with the
Oceanographic Institute, since both places have so much at stake. And it will have to find more money, much more — the kind of money that only federal governments possess — without losing any of its own initiative. It will be an interesting place to watch, in the years ahead."
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880:, an emphasis maintained today. The Ecosystems Center has a year-round staff of more than 40 scientists who study a variety of ecosystems and their responses to human activities and environmental changes. The center is located in Woods Hole yet has a global reach, with active research sites in the Arctic tundra; in forest, coastal and marine sites in New England, Sweden and Brazil. The Ecosystems Center is home to two of the 26 U.S. Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites:
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863:(Nobel Laureate in 1937) conducted research at the MBL from 1947 to 1986, most significantly on the biochemical nature of muscular contraction. In the 1950s and 1960s, Frederik Bang and Jack Levin at the MBL discovered that the blood of the horseshoe crab clotted when exposed to bacterial endotoxins even in vanishingly small amounts. From this basic research, a reagent, Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL), was developed that can detect minute amounts of bacterial toxins. The
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promise for translation to treatments for human conditions, including spinal cord injury, diabetes, organ failure, and degenerative neural diseases such as
Alzheimer's. A cornerstone of the Bell Center is a national resource for research on the frog, Xenopus, which is a major animal model used in U.S. biomedical research. The National Xenopus Resource at the MBL is funded by the National Institutes of Health (MBL Facts).
331:, an embryologist, was retained to also serve as the first director of the MBL. Whitman believed "other things being equal, the investigator is always the best instructor," and emphasized the need to combine research and education at the new laboratory. The MBL's first summer course provided a six-week introduction to invertebrate zoology; facilities for visiting summer investigators were also offered.
673:, that are ideal for embryological analysis because they shed nearly transparent eggs which are fertilized and develop externally. In the first decades after the course was founded in 1893, its faculty pioneered research directions that remain central today, including the study of cytoplasmic localization in eggs; embryonic cell lineage (important in modern
529:. Whitman Center Scientists comprise more than 100 principal investigators from academic institutions around the world. Other resources include The Marine Resources Center, an advanced facility for maintaining, culturing, and providing aquatic and marine organisms essential to biological, biomedical, and ecological research; and The
621:(GFP) in the early 1960s, which led to the development of revolutionary techniques for imaging live cells and their components. Resident Distinguished Scientist Shinya Inoué's innovations in polarized light microscopy and video imaging since the 1950s have been instrumental in clarifying the cellular events of
947:
The MBL offers a range of courses, workshops, conferences, and internships throughout the year. Central to its programs are more than 20 Advanced
Research Training Courses, graduate-level courses in topics ranging from physiology, embryology, neurobiology, and microbiology to imaging and computation
875:
Ecosystems research became a year-round commitment at the MBL in 1962 with the founding of the
Systematics-Ecology program, under the direction of Melbourne R. Carriker. In 1975, the MBL's Ecosystems Center was established, with George Woodwell as director. The original research focus was on the
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just up the street. But it has never come under the domination of any outside institution or governmental agency, nor has it ever been told what to do by any outside group. There is no way of predicting what the future will be like for an institution such as the MBL. One way or another, it will
485:
The MBL has approximately 250 year-round employees, about half of which are scientists and scientific support staff. They are joined each year by more than 500 visiting scientists, summer staff, and research associates from hundreds of institutions around the world, as well as a large number of
464:
on July 1, 2013. In order to further scientific research and education, the affiliation builds on historical ties with the university, as MBL was led by
University of Chicago faculty members in its first four decades. The president of the university chairs the MBL trustee's board and with their
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of marine micro-organisms. Early results from this census in 2006 revealed some 10 to 100 times more types of marine microbes than expected, and the vast majority are previously unknown, low-abundance microorganisms now called the "rare biosphere". Other Bay Paul Center projects are focused on
768:
and sensory physiology are significant, fostered today by more than 65 visiting investigators and resident researchers in these fields, as well as five graduate- and post-graduate level
Advanced Research Training courses. The MBL has been a magnet for the discipline since L.W. Williams in 1910
755:
In 2010, the MBL established the Eugene Bell Center for
Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, where researchers study the ability of marine and other animals to spontaneously regenerate damaged or aging body parts. An understanding of tissue and organ regeneration in lower animals holds
544:. The MBLWHOI Library holds print and electronic collections in the biological, biomedical, ecological, and oceanographic sciences, and houses a growing archival collection, including photograph and videos from the MBL's history. The library also conducts digitization and informatics projects.
793:
technique developed by Cole, laid the basis for the modern understanding of electrical activity in the nervous system by measuring quantitatively the flow of ions across the axonal membrane. Hodgkin and Huxley received the Nobel Prize in 1963 for their description of the ionic basis of nerve
929:, the Bay Paul Center's founder, also founded two courses at the MBL: the Workshop in Molecular Evolution; and Strategies and Techniques for Analyzing Microbial Population Structures. In 2003-2004, Sogin launched the International Census of Marine Microbes, a global effort to describe the
668:
A large portion of the leading developmental biologists in the United States, both historically and today, have participated in the MBL's
Embryology Course as directors, lecturers or students. One draw is the Woods Hole location and the availability of marine organisms, particularly the
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to highly acidic ecosystems, which may lead to a better understanding of life that could exist on other planets. Activities at the Bay Paul Center are supported by advanced DNA sequencing and other genomics equipment at the center's Keck
Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics Facility.
904:
of terrestrial ecosystems, and John Hobbie, a microbial ecologist. The
Ecosystems Center is founded on a vision of collaborative, interdisciplinary science; shared lab facilities and instrumentation; and a long-term, large-scale, systems-wide view of ecosystem processes.
884:, Alaska; and Plum Island, Massachusetts. Scientists in the Ecosystems Center study the effects of forest clearance and land-use change on atmospheric chemistry, watershed processes and coastal ecology, the global-scale anthropogenic enrichment of the
289:, land was purchased, a building was erected, and the MBL was incorporated with Hyatt as the first president of the board of trustees. The Fish Commission supplied crucial support, including marine organisms and running sea water.
827:, an MBL summer investigator in the 1920s and early 1930s, uncovered several basic mechanisms of photoreceptor function through his studies on the horseshoe crab. Hartline shared the 1967 Nobel Prize with summer MBL colleague
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began coming to the MBL to study the role that the protein ubiquitin plays in cell division. In 2004, Hershko won a Nobel Prize for his work to establish the basic mechanism of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.
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fundamental biological research, often using marine organisms as novel model systems, encompassing research in regenerative biology, neuroscience, sensory physiology, and comparative evolution and genomics;
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781:, who in 1938 used it to record the resistance changes underlying the action potential, which provided evidence that ions flowing across the axonal membrane generate this electrical impulse. In 1938,
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and imaging. The availability of cutting-edge imaging instrumentation in the MBL's Advanced Research Courses puts faculty and students at the forefront of experimentation. MBL Distinguished Scientist
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1800:
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Cell, developmental, and reproductive biology have been a central part of the MBL's programs since the 1890s. Important discoveries in these fields at the MBL reach back to 1899, when
777:, a nerve fiber that is 20 times larger in diameter than the largest human axon. Young brought this locally abundant, ideal experimental system to the attention of his MBL colleague
913:
The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution was founded at the MBL in 1997 and is currently directed by David Mark Welch. By comparing diverse
737:
917:, scientists at the center are elucidating the evolutionary relationships of biological systems, and describing genes and genomes of biomedical and environmental significance.
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1745:
1714:
1160:
1897 Embryology Class, six women sitting in front row, two rows of men standing behind them, many with hats on, most looking at camera. Gertrude Stein sitting on lookers left.
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Other marine organisms draw neuroscientists and neurobiologists to the MBL each summer, where a history of research into sensory physiology and behavior has been established.
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1719:
350:, later well known as a novelist and art collector, took part in MBL's Embryology course in the summer of 1897, while her brother Leo took part in the Invertebrates course.
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602:, considered by many to be a founder of modern cell biology due to his pioneering work on the fine structure of cells, including the discovery of
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in the mid-1960s at Harvard Medical School and he also initiated instruction in neurobiology at the MBL (Barlow et al., 1993:175-234; 203-234).
217:, in 1888, the MBL is a private, nonprofit institution that was independent for most of its history, but became officially affiliated with the
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and others made connections between the chromosomes and Mendelian heredity, while Wilson's colleague at both the MBL and Columbia University,
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2050:
1860:
1805:
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received the 2012 Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research for their discoveries related to molecular motors. In 1991 Israeli scientist
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column called "Notes of a Biology-Watcher", in an installment called "The MBL"; the essay was later collected into the volume titled
285:, off the coast of Woods Hole, Hyatt accepted the offer. With $ 10,000 raised by the Woman's Education Association of Boston and the
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Kenney, Diana E. and Borisy, Gary G. (2009) Thomas Hunt Morgan at the Marine Biological Laboratory: Naturalist and Experimentalist.
2186:
1810:
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described the transmission properties at the squid giant synapse (Llinas 1999). The "scientific career" of the "Woods Hole squid",
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identified circulating hormones that influence sexual differentiation (Lillie, 1944). In the MBL's first two decades, cytologists
1979:
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winners have been affiliated with MBL as students, faculty members or researchers. In addition, since 1960, there have been, 137
537:(frog) genetic stocks; and provides training in Xenopus husbandry, cell biology, imaging, genetics, transgenesis, and genomics.
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winners have been affiliated with MBL as students, faculty members or researchers. In addition, since 1960, there have been 137
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and other colleges and universities, as well as workshops and conferences—accommodating more than 2,600 participants in 2016.
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2106:
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advice appoints its members. The Laboratory is a non-profit Massachusetts corporation, whose sole member is the university.
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2216:
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2019:
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606:, carried out research at the MBL starting in 1937 and directed the laboratory from 1975-77 (Barlow et al., 1993: 95-115).
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387:
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1932:
1271:"University of Chicago President Robert J. Zimmer to serve as Chairman of Marine Biological Laboratory Board of Trustees"
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A boating party aboard The Vigilant at a dock in Falmouth, Massachusetts. Gertrude Stein is at the extreme right rear.
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656:, a motor protein involved in mitosis and other cellular processes, during summer MBL research. Vale, Sheetz, and
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faculty and students participating in MBL courses (in 2016, 550 students from 333 institutions and 58 countries).
2126:
2030:
1917:
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both explained and praised the nature of the MBL as a scientific institution. He wrote about it in his recurring
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has resulted in dramatic improvement in the quality of drugs and biological products for intravenous injection.
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1922:
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first identified egg cytoplasmic regions that are programmed to form certain tissues or organs; to 1916, when
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1952:
1947:
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681:(today called 'evo devo'). Some distinguished embryologists who have directed or co-directed the course are:
262:
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and others at the MBL identified the first of a class of proteins that regulate the cycle of cell division (
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the study of microbiomes and microbial diversity and ecology in a variety of ocean and terrestrial habitats;
213:) is an international center for research and education in biological and environmental science. Founded in
1770:
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research station in Woods Hole in 1882, and had ambitions to expand it into a major laboratory. He invited
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conduction (Barlow et al., 1993: 151-172). Following on Hodgkin and Huxley's work, in the 1960s and 1970s
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1969:
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investigators, early career scientists, international researchers, and professors; 306 members of the
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investigators, early career scientists, international researchers, and professors; 306 members of the
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617:, who joined the MBL in 1983, was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of
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1927:
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came to the MBL to learn about the squid giant axon from Cole. After World War II, Hodgkin and
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In September 2018, Nipam Patel became director of the Marine Biological Laboratory, succeeding
421:
1104:
257:, the United States' first Fish Commissioner (a government official concerned with the use of
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952:
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632:
The MBL has long been a center for the world's experts in cell division. In the early 1980s,
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469:
461:
302:
218:
1606:, including historical photographs, exhibits, video, audio, publications, and correspondence
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that allow sodium and potassium ions to carry electric current across the cell membrane and
1532:
One Hundred Years Exploring Life, 1888-1988: The Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole
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ecosystems science and climate change, and organismal adaptation to changing environments.
8:
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2004:
1984:
1957:
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1158:(Photograph). Woods Hole, Massachusetts: Marine Biological Laboratory Archives. 1897.
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281:'s short-lived experimental summer school, the Anderson School of Natural History on
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In addition, the MBL hosts courses for undergraduate and graduate students from the
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1974:
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72:
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The Biological Century: Friday Evening Talks at the Marine Biological Laboratory.
896:. Former directors of the Center who are still active on the scientific staff are
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The Marine Biological Laboratory grew from the vision of several Bostonians and
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1999:
1942:
1420:"Education – Marine Biological Laboratory — Biological Discovery in Woods Hole"
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989:
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649:
644:). Hunt was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2001 for this work (Hunt, 2004). In 1984,
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The MBL Library was established in 1889, with scientist and future MBL trustee
1488:, Marine Biological Laboratory, 1893-1993. Pamphlet, MBLWHOI Library Archives.
1177:(photograph). Falmouth, Massachusetts: Historic New England. 1897. GUSN-197262
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to move his marine biology laboratory and school which he had founded at the
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demonstrated artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchin eggs; to 1905, when
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The trustees of the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1934. The lone woman,
2009:
1989:
1801:
Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, West Asia & North Africa
893:
881:
828:
715:
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Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution
490:
225:
1625:
1541:, 1888. (Since 1909, the Annual Report of the MBL has been published in
221:
on July 1, 2013. It also collaborates with numerous other institutions.
1390:
922:
820:, squid genomics, and the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease.
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and other MBL researchers described a number of the properties of the
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1603:
1105:"Charles Otis Whitman (1842-1910) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia"
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1790:
1553:
Controlling Life: Jacques Loeb and the Engineering Ideal in Biology
864:
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633:
159:
1534:. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1989. ISBN 0- 86720-120-7
1342:"UChicago Faculty Members to Serve on MBL Interim Leadership Team"
515:
Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering
1419:
1317:"Introducing Nipam Patel: Director, Marine Biological Laboratory"
914:
840:
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622:
598:, launched the field of experimental genetics (Pauly, 2000:158).
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Comparative genomics, molecular evolution, and microbial ecology
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Research institution in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
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1470:
Barlow, Robert B., John E. Dowling, and Gerald Weissmann, eds.
1080:
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Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies
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Rainger, Ronald, Keith R. Benson and Jane Maienschein, eds.
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1026:
2196:
1518:
The Squid Giant Synapse: A Model for Chemical Transmission
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found in a wide range of ecosystems, including the human
609:
The MBL is also a proving ground for new technologies in
1586:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.
344:, a scientific journal that is still edited at the MBL.
338:
serving as librarian. In 1899, the MBL began publishing
1612:, a repository for the Woods Hole scientific community
1520:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
192:
1474:
Woods Hole: The Marine Biological Laboratory, 1993.
750:
540:
The MBL shares a library, the MBLWHOI Library, with
525:. Visiting scientists are affiliated with the MBL's
2267:
Biological research institutes in the United States
892:. The interim director of the Ecosystems Center is
1617:"Cornelia Clapp and the Earliest Years of the MBL"
760:Neuroscience, neurobiology, and sensory physiology
934:microbes that live in extreme environments, from
2297:Research institutes of the University of Chicago
2253:
1509:. Chicago: University Press, 1944. Reprinted in
1491:Hunt, Tim (2004) "The Discovery of Cyclin (I)."
1246:The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher
1202:(1972), "Notes of a biology-watcher: the MBL",
1192:
383:The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher
277:, to Woods Hole. Inspired by Harvard biologist
1129:"Women of Science, Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)"
320:The laboratory, hatchery, aquarium, and museum
1641:
1444:"The College at Marine Biological Laboratory"
1391:"MBL – University of Chicago Affiliation FAQ"
855:, is credited with "founding" the science of
789:, working in Plymouth, England and using the
570:Cell, developmental, and reproductive biology
1235:
1233:
552:Research at the MBL focuses on four themes:
513:The MBL's resident research centers are the
460:The MBL became formally affiliated with the
1604:History of the Marine Biological Laboratory
1570:Biologists and the Promise of American Life
1555:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
1507:The Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory
1648:
1634:
366:, stands near the center of the front row.
34:
25:
1655:
1572:. Princeton, NJ: University Press, 2000.
1230:
1081:"Nobel Laureates Affiliated with the MBL"
851:. Another long-term summer investigator,
1933:Francis and Rose Yuen (Hong Kong) campus
1715:Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering
1054:"Affiliation with University of Chicago"
357:
2287:Research institutes established in 1888
1761:Chicago Project on Security and Threats
1720:School of Social Service Administration
1484:Davidson, Eric (1993). "Introduction",
831:, who described the molecular basis of
652:, Joe DeGiorgis, and others discovered
505:who have been affiliated with the lab.
240:who have been affiliated with the lab.
2254:
1756:Center for Research in Security Prices
1700:Harris School of Public Policy Studies
1275:Affiliation with University of Chicago
1239:
1198:
1058:Affiliation with University of Chicago
1629:
1414:
1412:
1410:
948:integrated with biological research.
870:
809:Doryteuthis (formerly Loligo) pealeii
503:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
238:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2292:1888 establishments in Massachusetts
1897:Housing at the University of Chicago
1610:WHOAS: Woods Hole Open Access Server
1075:
1073:
1048:
1046:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
942:
835:by showing that the light-sensitive
542:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
388:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1584:The American Development of Biology
975:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
812:, continues today, with studies on
13:
1464:
1407:
1383:
679:evolutionary developmental biology
14:
2313:
2061:Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory
1746:Center for Middle Eastern Studies
1597:
1070:
1043:
1002:
751:Regenerative biology and medicine
625:, including his discovery of the
327:University of Chicago professor,
287:Boston Society of Natural History
1841:Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School
1826:National Opinion Research Center
718:(1980–1982) (see Davidson, 1993)
446:
434:
420:
408:
313:
301:
2127:University Athletic Association
2031:Cannon v. University of Chicago
1918:George Herbert Jones Laboratory
1751:Center for Population Economics
1436:
1359:
1334:
1309:
1289:
1263:
495:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
394:
377:New England Journal of Medicine
353:
248:
230:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1923:Gerald Ratner Athletics Center
1851:Toyota Technological Institute
1537:Marine Biological Laboratory,
1165:
1146:
1121:
1097:
843:, a slightly modified form of
1:
2056:University of Chicago sit-ins
1953:Joe and Rika Mansueto Library
1621:Woods Hole Historical Museum.
995:
970:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
888:, and ecosystem responses to
547:
533:, which breeds and maintains
508:
263:United States Fish Commission
2167:Contemporary Chamber Players
1816:Marine Biological Laboratory
1486:Embryology Course Centennial
499:National Academy of Sciences
234:National Academy of Sciences
207:Marine Biological Laboratory
20:Marine Biological Laboratory
7:
2277:Oceanographic organizations
1856:University of Chicago Press
1781:Comprehensive Cancer Center
1776:Committee on Social Thought
1766:Chicago school of economics
1736:Argonne National Laboratory
1710:Pritzker School of Medicine
1216:10.1056/NEJM197206082862308
958:
764:The MBL's contributions to
475:
453:Swope Building (residences)
10:
2318:
2272:Marine biological stations
1970:Lorado Taft Midway Studios
773:in 1936 rediscovered, the
734:Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
243:
2302:Woods Hole, Massachusetts
2205:
2135:
2084:
2071:Old University of Chicago
2018:
1905:
1875:
1831:Obama Presidential Center
1771:Comer Children's Hospital
1741:Becker Friedman Institute
1728:
1672:
1665:
619:green fluorescent protein
531:National Xenopus Resource
501:; and 236 Members of the
236:; and 236 Members of the
215:Woods Hole, Massachusetts
187:
177:
169:
157:
142:41.5262222°N 70.6728889°W
108:
100:
90:
78:
64:
45:
33:
24:
2066:Metallurgical Laboratory
1685:Booth School of Business
562:imaging and computation;
480:
275:Annisquam, Massachusetts
2112:Lascivious Costume Ball
2051:Graduate Library School
1543:The Biological Bulletin
985:Statue of Rachel Carson
341:The Biological Bulletin
255:Spencer Fullerton Baird
147:41.5262222; -70.6728889
2117:Latke–Hamantash Debate
1928:Henry Crown Fieldhouse
1796:James Franck Institute
1786:Enrico Fermi Institute
825:Haldan Keffer Hartline
712:(1972–1974; 1988–1996)
367:
261:). Baird had set up a
80:Field of research
2282:University of Chicago
2136:Student organizations
2085:Sports and traditions
1806:Institute of Politics
1658:University of Chicago
1495:, Vol. S116, S63-S64.
1155:Embryology Class 1897
965:University of Chicago
953:University of Chicago
849:photoreceptor protein
588:Edmund Beecher Wilson
470:Huntington F. Willard
462:University of Chicago
441:C.V. Starr Laboratory
361:
219:University of Chicago
183:University of Chicago
1887:Burton–Judson Courts
1513:(1988) 174 (suppl.).
1448:college.uchicago.edu
861:Albert Szent-Györgyi
692:Frank Rattray Lillie
686:Charles Otis Whitman
584:Frank Rattray Lillie
329:Charles Otis Whitman
2192:Voices in Your Head
2005:Smart Museum of Art
1985:Renaissance Society
1958:John Crerar Library
1539:First Annual Report
1530:Maienschein, Jane.
1511:Biological Bulletin
1243:(1974), "The MBL",
980:Catherine N. Norton
818:squid giant synapse
580:Edwin Grant Conklin
271:Norwood-Hyatt House
138: /
21:
2239:School of Business
2222:School of Business
2187:Student Government
2149:The Chicago Maroon
2107:Women's basketball
2076:Yerkes Observatory
1995:Rockefeller Chapel
1963:Regenstein Library
1938:Hutchinson Commons
1811:Laboratory Schools
1277:. 27 November 2013
936:hydrothermal vents
900:, who studies the
871:Ecosystems science
853:Stephen W. Kuffler
783:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
771:John Zachary Young
596:Thomas Hunt Morgan
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1836:Paulson Institute
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519:Ecosystems Center
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1878:Residence halls
1877:
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911:
902:biogeochemistry
873:
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615:Osamu Shimomura
600:Keith R. Porter
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839:consists of
822:
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766:neuroscience
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604:microtubules
576:Jacques Loeb
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372:Lewis Thomas
369:
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249:19th century
223:
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179:Affiliations
104:7 MBL Street
2182:Poetry Club
2010:Stagg Field
1990:Robie House
1680:The College
1424:www.mbl.edu
1395:www.mbl.edu
1371:www.mbl.edu
1346:www.mbl.edu
1321:www.mbl.edu
894:Anne Giblin
882:Toolik Lake
829:George Wald
740:(2012–2016)
730:(1997–2001)
724:(1992–1996)
716:Rudolf Raff
706:(1962–1966)
700:(1942–1945)
694:(1896–1903)
688:(1893–1895)
491:Nobel Prize
226:Nobel Prize
145: /
96:Nipam Patel
46:Established
2256:Categories
2227:Law School
1705:Law School
1453:2019-07-07
1429:2019-07-07
1400:2018-04-13
1376:2018-04-13
1302:2022-04-04
1114:2018-04-14
1090:2019-07-07
1063:2022-04-04
1036:2022-04-04
996:References
923:microbiome
671:sea urchin
611:microscopy
521:, and the
509:Facilities
165:02543-1015
113:Woods Hole
2172:Doc Films
1666:Academics
1181:August 2,
1138:August 2,
845:vitamin A
837:rhodopsin
675:stem cell
259:fisheries
2097:Football
1861:Journals
1791:Fermilab
1500:Genetics
1326:April 4,
959:See also
865:LAL test
646:Ron Vale
634:Tim Hunt
548:Research
476:Research
170:Nickname
160:ZIP code
109:Location
92:Director
2234:Faculty
2092:Maroons
2021:History
1948:Library
1673:Schools
1351:16 June
1224:5022890
1085:mbl.edu
1031:mbl.edu
915:genomes
876:global
841:retinal
779:KS Cole
654:kinesin
623:mitosis
535:Xenopus
244:History
188:Website
101:Address
85:Biology
53: (
2217:Alumni
2208:People
1906:Campus
1590:
1576:
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1524:
1478:
1253:
1222:
816:, the
642:cyclin
517:, the
1729:Other
481:Staff
2197:WHPK
2143:Band
1588:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1493:Cell
1476:ISBN
1353:2017
1328:2022
1283:2014
1251:ISBN
1220:PMID
1183:2018
1140:2018
736:and
205:The
197:.edu
195:.mbl
71:and
69:Pure
56:1888
50:1888
1212:doi
1208:286
273:in
211:MBL
193:www
173:MBL
2258::
1619:.
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1446:.
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1409:^
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1232:^
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