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Plants in this group have smooth or entire leaf margins, unusual color and markings, with many producing fragrant flowers. All their leaves are spineless (unarmed) and their fruit is a dry capsule containing winged seeds which are usually dispersed by breezes. Feathery seed plumes help them to adhere
1680:
Barfuss, Michael H.J.; Till, Walter; Leme, Elton M.C.; Pinzón, Juan P.; Manzanares, José M.; Halbritter, Heidemarie; Samuel, Rosabelle & Brown, Gregory K. (2016-10-13), "Taxonomic revision of
Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology",
296:. The trichomes occurring on Tillandsioideae may cover the plants so completely that they appear grey or white, like Spanish moss. In addition to absorbing nutrients, the trichomes may serve to insulate the plant from freezing weather.
1095:
The classification produced by the 2016 monograph uses four tribes, Catopsideae, Glomeropitcairnieae, Tillandsieae and
Vrieseeae, the last of which is divided into two subtribes, Cipuropsidinae and Vrieseinae.
300:
to a suitable epiphytic surface for germination. This subfamily is probably the most derived with special adaptations for survival in very dry conditions, with many described as
1591:
1072:, leaving the former with three species. As of November 2022, the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads accepted both genera, as well as the closely related
1819:
1092:
was not included in the 2016 study as a separate genus, but is accepted by both the
Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads and Plants of the World Online.
1301:
393:
as well as morphological characters to produce a new phylogeny and classification for the subfamily. Their preferred cladogram is shown below.
1946:
1907:
325:
of the subfamily. However, the division of the subfamily into genera has varied considerably. A 1997 monograph used six genera:
1912:
385:
of other accepted genera was problematic in relation to these three genera. A major monograph published in 2016 used
271:
1951:
1550:
253:
245:
2005:
1933:
249:
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Tillandsioideae is the largest of the subfamilies of the family
Bromeliaceae, with upwards of 1,400 species.
1104:
Genera placed in the subfamily as of
October 2022 by the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads are listed below.
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1120:. Tribe and subtribe placements are from the 2016 monograph and the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads.
318:
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180:. This subfamily contains the greatest number of species (about 1,400). Most are
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1814:. Texas A&M University Bioinformatics Working Group. 1999-04-03.
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An
Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials, Eleventh Edition
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are the more commonly cultivated members of this subfamily.
1711:, and some remarks about this recently resurrected genus",
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The 2016 study was unable to fully resolve the two genera
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treated all three in the single broadly defined genus
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381:in particular were not monophyletic, and that the
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1648:Gouda, Eric J.; Butcher, D.; Gouda, C.S. (2022),
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176:is a subfamily of plants in the bromeliad family
1992:
321:studies from 1997 onwards repeatedly showed the
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252:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
349:. Other genera were later segregated from
29:
272:Learn how and when to remove this message
1064:) and clarified the distinction between
1806:. University of Florida IFAS Extension.
284:Nearly all bromeliads have specialized
1993:
1707:Gouda, E.J. (2017), "A new species of
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408:Non‑core Tillandsioideae
250:adding citations to reliable sources
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1831:The Bromeliad Society International
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1804:Electronic Data Information System
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14:
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1823:The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens
1798:Black, Robert J.; Bijan Dehgan.
1713:Journal of the Bromeliad Society
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16:Subfamily of family Bromeliaceae
1650:"subfam. Tillandsioideae Harms"
1771:Leme, Barfuss & Halbritt."
1569:Leme, Barfuss & Halbritter
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1088:s.l. on the cladogram above.
1044:because the type species of
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1776:Plants of the World Online
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1743:Plants of the World Online
1695:10.11646/phytotaxa.279.1.1
1619:Vrieseeae: Cipuropsidinae
1597:Vrieseeae: Cipuropsidinae
1439:(Mez) PinzĂłn & Barfuss
1421:Vrieseeae: Cipuropsidinae
1399:Vrieseeae: Cipuropsidinae
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2006:Commelinid subfamilies
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319:Molecular phylogenetic
40:Tillandsia fasciculata
1818:Luther, H. E. (2008)
1829:, USA. Published by
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1167:Manzan. & W.Till
1116:, sinking them into
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246:improve this section
1132:Tribe and subtribe
1061:Cipuropsis asmussii
357:, of which three,
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262:November 2022
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231:This section
229:
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197:
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192:of the genus
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78:Tracheophytes
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36:
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27:
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19:
1855:
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1800:"Bromeliads"
1784:, retrieved
1774:
1768:
1761:
1751:, retrieved
1741:
1735:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1686:
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1658:, retrieved
1653:
1609:
1585:
1563:
1539:
1515:
1491:
1469:
1455:
1433:
1413:Mezobromelia
1411:
1389:
1367:
1345:
1328:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1282:
1260:
1243:
1224:
1202:
1195:Catopsideae
1183:
1161:
1144:
1117:
1114:Mezobromelia
1113:
1109:
1103:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1084:– marked as
1081:
1073:
1070:Mezobromelia
1069:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1042:Mezobromelia
1041:
1037:
1035:
975:
974:
931:
930:
914:
913:
890:
889:
866:
865:
841:
840:
817:
816:
793:
792:
724:Mezobromelia
722:
716:
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699:
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671:
670:
647:
646:
614:
613:
597:
596:
580:
579:
529:
528:
512:
511:
488:
487:
438:
437:
434:Catopsideae
420:
419:
378:
374:
371:Mezobromelia
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:Mezobromelia
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
298:
283:
268:
259:
244:Please help
232:
205:
199:
193:
190:Spanish moss
178:Bromeliaceae
173:
172:
162:
146:
137:Bromeliaceae
110:
97:
84:
71:
38:
18:
1921:iNaturalist
1880:Wikispecies
1471:Stigmatodon
1262:Gregbrownia
795:Gregbrownia
688: s.l.
514:Stigmatodon
477:Vrieseinae
391:nuclear DNA
214:Description
186:lithophytic
143:Subfamily:
117:Commelinids
91:Angiosperms
1995:Categories
1939:60476457-2
1786:2022-11-01
1753:2022-10-27
1736:Cipuropsis
1719:(2): 75–86
1709:Cipuropsis
1660:2022-10-26
1626:References
1493:Tillandsia
1369:Lemeltonia
1316:Tillandsia
1304:Guzlandsia
1204:Cipuropsis
1146:Alcantarea
1118:Cipuropsis
1086:Cipuropsis
1082:Cipuropsis
1076:, whereas
1066:Cipuropsis
1056:Cipuropsis
1046:Cipuropsis
1038:Cipuropsis
977:Tillandsia
892:Lemeltonia
718:Cipuropsis
686:Cipuropsis
490:Alcantarea
469:Vrieseeae
375:Tillandsia
359:Alcantarea
351:Tillandsia
343:Tillandsia
302:xerophytes
195:Tillandsia
1978:100369838
1769:Waltillia
1683:Phytotaxa
1592:J.R.Grant
1565:Waltillia
1417:L.B.Smith
1347:Josemania
1330:Jagrantia
1163:Barfussia
1110:Josemania
1090:Waltillia
1074:Josemania
868:Barfussia
701:Josemania
582:Jagrantia
323:monophyly
290:trichomes
233:does not
182:epiphytic
61:Kingdom:
1973:Tropicos
1865:Wikidata
1689:(1): 1,
1587:Werauhia
1551:É.Morren
1541:Wallisia
1457:Racinaea
1391:Lutheria
1312:Guzmania
1284:Guzmania
1185:Catopsis
933:Racinaea
916:Wallisia
819:Guzmania
727:complex
616:Werauhia
599:Lutheria
440:Catopsis
367:Werauhia
363:Racinaea
335:Guzmania
327:Catopsis
308:Taxonomy
201:Guzmania
164:See text
133:Family:
104:Monocots
1965:6019433
1952:1908689
1900:8170127
1871:Q137236
1611:Zizkaea
1517:Vriesea
1245:Goudaea
1190:Griseb.
673:Zizkaea
649:Goudaea
531:Vriesea
387:plastid
379:Vriesea
355:Vriesea
347:Vriesea
294:foliage
254:removed
239:sources
207:Vriesea
157:Genera
123:Order:
65:Plantae
1926:785848
1522:Lindl.
1100:Genera
365:, and
127:Poales
1547:Regel
1308:Gouda
1129:Genus
1126:Image
846:s.s.
534:s.s.
151:Harms
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
1947:NCBI
1934:IPNI
1913:2936
1908:GRIN
1895:APNI
1738:Ule"
1112:and
1068:and
1040:and
389:and
377:and
353:and
345:and
286:cell
237:any
235:cite
204:and
1691:doi
1687:279
1208:Ule
248:by
184:or
1997::
1975::
1962::
1949::
1936::
1923::
1910::
1897::
1882::
1867::
1825:,
1802:.
1779:,
1773:,
1746:,
1740:,
1725:^
1717:66
1715:,
1685:,
1668:^
1652:,
1634:^
1549:)
1498:L.
1314:Ă—
1302:x
1048:,
373:,
361:,
341:,
337:,
333:,
329:,
304:.
166:.
113::
100::
87::
74::
1833:.
1767:"
1734:"
1693::
1545:(
1318:)
1310:(
1058:(
721:-
275:)
269:(
264:)
260:(
256:.
242:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
