638:, all is the territory of Yuandu. Yuandu has several hundred separate towns, with a governor, and separate states which can be numbered in the tens, each with its own king. Although there are small differences among them, they all come under the general name of Yuandu, and at this time all are subject to Yuezhi. Yuezhi have killed their kings and established a general in order to rule over their people. The land produces elephants, rhinoceros, tortoise shell, gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, and tin. It communicates to the west with
630:. Its customs are the same as those of Yuezhi, and it is low, damp, and very hot. It borders a large river. The inhabitants ride on elephants in warfare; they are weaker than the Yuezhi. They practise the way of Futu , it has become a custom not to kill or attack . From west of the states Yuezhi and
422:
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871:
371:
174:
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631:
920:
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408:
895:
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815:
915:
504:, it comes from the Chinese transliteration of unattested Old Persian diminutive *Hinduka-, which is from attested
564:
234:
335:
925:
470:
466:
875:
87:
704:
294:
682:(An Account of Travel to the Five Indian Kingdoms), a travelogue by the 8th century Buddhist monk
614:
A detailed account of
Tianzhu is given in the "Xiyu Zhuan" (Record of the Western Regions) in the
678:
505:
606:. The western terms of Hindu and India also ultimately derive from the same Persian concept.
582:
593:
452:
8:
661:
458:
457:, literal meaning is "Five Indias"), because there were five geographical regions in the
865:
619:
132:
853:
843:
821:
811:
626:"The state of Tianzhu: Also, named Yuandu, it lies several thousand li southeast of
515:), which is itself derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš, the etymon also of
395:
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36:
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153:
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167:
788:
389:
80:
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101:
534:) named the subcontinent after the river around the 6th century BC.
516:
365:
271:
108:
842:. Cheung, Martha P. Y. Manchester, U.K. 3 June 2014. p. 77.
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129:
526:. Persians travelling in northwest India (present-day Pakistani
683:
639:
634:, and south until the Western Sea, and east until the state of
627:
531:
347:
197:
687:
635:
527:
353:
341:
257:
211:
137:
538:
is just one of several
Chinese transliterations of Sindhu.
659:. It is used in such works as the Japanese translation of
179:
113:
92:
771:
769:
299:
71:
766:
717:
239:
808:Cina and the Mediterranean World in Ancient Times
887:
840:An anthology of Chinese discourse on translation
276:
262:
591:
573:
543:
450:
416:
41:
805:
216:
202:
870:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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409:
911:History of the foreign relations of China
906:History of the foreign relations of Japan
810:. Muzeul Brăilei Ed. Istros. p. 73.
888:
838:
775:
723:
16:Historical East Asian name of India
13:
735:
646:
642:, and has the exotica of Da Qin."
14:
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592:
574:
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451:
445:Tianzhu was also referred to as
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832:
799:
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729:
565:Records of the Grand Historian
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240:
72:
42:
1:
921:Historical geography of India
710:
602:, another transliteration of
484:
7:
693:
686:from the Korean Kingdom of
10:
942:
901:Historical Chinese exonyms
489:Originally pronounced as
438:is the historical Chinese
896:Japanese historical terms
705:Indus Valley civilisation
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598:) comes from the Kuchean
522:, the native name of the
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916:Names of places in Asia
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461:known to the Chinese:
368:(Eastern Roman Empire)
874:) CS1 maint: others (
806:Taishan, Yu. (2014).
624:
583:Book of the Later Han
235:Revised Romanization
662:Journey to the West
459:Indian subcontinent
320:Part of a series on
926:Toponyms for India
672:was pronounced as
655:was pronounced as
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338:(Parthian Empire)
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60:Standard Mandarin
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738:"「身毒」的「身」字该怎样读？"
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676:. It is used in
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327:Chinese exonyms
17:
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558:) appears in
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495:*qʰl'iːn tuɡ
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295:Romanization
123:Southern Min
88:Romanization
67:Hanyu Pinyin
31:Chinese name
793:汉典 zdic.net
789:"词语"身毒"的解释"
776:Cheung 2014
724:Cheung 2014
622:(398–445):
524:Indus River
506:𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁
502:Old Chinese
325:Historical
192:Korean name
168:Old Chinese
890:Categories
756:""竺"的基本信息"
711:References
668:In Korea,
651:In Japan,
616:Hou Hanshu
508:h-i-du-u-š
374:(Khwarezm)
350:(Ferghana)
175:Zhengzhang
160:tʰen ʈɨuk̚
139:Thian-tiok
866:cite book
858:881183919
826:884445990
674:Cheonchuk
560:Sima Qian
485:Etymology
447:Wutianzhu
356:(Bactria)
241:cheonchuk
736:Arjuna.
694:See also
588:Yintejia
517:Sanskrit
475:Northern
372:Huanqian
362:(Europe)
360:Far West
272:Hiragana
109:Jyutping
94:Thi-tsoq
670:Tianzhu
657:Tenjiku
653:Tianzhu
536:Tianzhu
491:l̥induk
471:Western
467:Eastern
463:Central
436:Tianzhu
396:Nanyang
392:(Japan)
384:Tiaozhi
380:(India)
378:Tianzhu
301:tenjiku
130:Hokkien
115:Tin-zuk
73:tiānzhú
37:Chinese
22:Tianzhu
856:
846:
824:
814:
760:古今文字集成
684:Hyecho
640:Da Qin
628:Yuezhi
620:Fan Ye
610:Extent
600:Indaka
570:Tiandu
556:n̥iˤuk
540:Yuāndú
532:Punjab
520:Sindhu
477:, and
348:Dayuan
198:Hangul
688:Silla
636:Panqi
632:Gaofu
604:Hindu
528:Sindh
513:Hindu
366:Fulin
354:Daxia
342:Daqin
258:Kanji
212:Hanja
876:link
872:link
854:OCLC
844:ISBN
822:OCLC
812:ISBN
568:and
530:and
336:Anxi
278:てんじく
594:印特伽
562:'s
500:in
493:or
453:五天竺
442:.
133:POJ
892::
868:}}
864:{{
852:.
820:.
791:.
768:^
758:.
742:知乎
740:.
690:.
665:.
586:.
576:天篤
552:OC
546:身毒
498:天竺
481:.
473:,
469:,
465:,
390:Wa
264:天竺
218:天竺
204:천축
81:Wu
43:天竺
878:)
860:.
828:.
795:.
762:.
744:.
590:(
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542:(
511:(
449:(
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417:t
410:v
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