Emperor Xuanzong of Tang

1300:). After Princess Taiping found out that the plan was conceived by Song and Yao, however, she was incensed and let Li Longji know her anger, and she mobilized her group to attack Song and Yao and oppose Emperor Ruizong's decision. In fear, Li Longji submitted a petition accusing Song and Yao of alienating him from his brothers Li Chengqi and Li Shouli (who was actually a cousin but was raised with Emperor Ruizong's sons) and aunt Princess Taiping, asking that the two be put to death. Emperor Ruizong, in response, demoted Song and Yao and recalled Princess Taiping, Li Chengqi, and Li Shouli to the capital. In the aftermaths, Li Longji submitted another request to yield the crown prince position to Li Chengqi, but Emperor Ruizong declined it. Also in 711, Emperor Ruizong posthumously honored both Empress Liu and Li Longji's mother Consort Dou as empresses and built a temple for them to be worshipped, but was unable to locate their bodies for reburial, and therefore had to give them a ceremonial reburial without the bodies. But this posthumous honor for Li Longji's mother further displeased Princess Taiping. Emperor Ruizong also ordered that all minor matters be decided by Li Longji, and with this, Emperor Ruizong established Li Longji as his sole successor, but diverted his participation in important matters and focused more on the advice of his sister, Princess Taiping. 1248:

events in the court and the country matters and was so powerful that she even surpassed Emperor Ruizong. She could often decide the promotion or demotion, deportation or summons of officials with a single sentence, and if the subject was undecided, it was changed or determined by a sentence from her, so most chancellors, forbidden troops, civil and military officials, regional warlords and senior servants of the Imperial palace were her associates. Initially, Princess Taiping agreed to Li Longji's ascension as crown prince despite the fact that Li Longji was not Emperor Ruizong's oldest son and was not born of Emperor Ruizong's wife Empress Liu (Li Chengqi was both—and therefore pursuant to Confucian principles of succession should have been crown prince) as she believed that Li Longji was young (25 at the time he was made crown prince) and would be easy to control. However, once she began to see that Li Longji was strong-willed and criticized her influences, she became apprehensive and often had officials close to her publicly opine that Li Longji was an improper

1556:) to ascertain what was happening. Guo reported to him Emperor Xuanzong's intentions, and Emperor Ruizong felt compelled to affirm Emperor Xuanzong's actions in an edict. The next day, on July 30, Emperor Ruizong issued an edict transferring all authorities to Emperor Xuanzong. Meanwhile, Princess Taiping, hearing what happened to her associates, fled into a temple in the mountains, only appearing three days later. Emperor Ruizong asked Emperor Xuanzong for her pardon, but he refused. Emperor Xuanzong ordered her to commit suicide at home, and put to death her sons and associates, except for Xue Chongjian. Princess Taiping's assets were confiscated, and it was said that there was so much treasure, livestock, and real estate that it took several years: more than thirty years for the accounting to be complete. Emperor Ruizong moved to a secondary palace, Baifu Hall ( 1240:—who had been part of Li Longji's coup plans—Emperor Ruizong agreed and created Li Longji crown prince. Li Longji submitted a petition offering to yield to Li Chengqi, but Emperor Ruizong rejected it. After he came to the throne, whenever the chancellors and officials discussed political affairs with him, the first sentence he asked was: "Have you ever discussed with Princess Taiping? "If the answer is yes, he will continue to ask: "Have you ever discussed with Li Longji?" If both people have clear opinions, he will make a decision based on this, as a result, he relies heavily on Princess Taiping and Li Longji. Because of his achievements, having the crown prince title and the emperor's trust, Li Longji was active and powerful in the politics of Emperor Ruizong's reign, but, also, whenever Emperor Ruizong called a court meeting, 3022: 1204: 3052:, had the government officials make a joint submission to Emperor Xuanzong no longer mentioning the return of the throne, did Emperor Xuanzong agree to depart Jiannan to return to Chang'an. On the way back to Chang'an, he had Gao Lishi try to dig up Consort Yang Yuhuan's body for reburial, but her body had already decomposed; only her fragrance bag remained. Emperor Xuanzong took the fragrance bag back to Chang'an and visited it daily, as if Consort Yang were still alive. On 17 January 758, he arrived at Chang'an, and in a grand ceremony where Emperor Suzong offered the throne back to him again, he formally declined again and personally put the yellow robe symbolizing imperial status on Emperor Suzong, commenting, "I had been the 2974:), and Tong Pass fell. With An's forces advancing on Chang'an, on 14 July 756, Emperor Xuanzong, with Yang Guozhong suggesting that they flee to Jiannan Circuit, abandoned Chang'an and fled with Gao Lishi, Yang Guozhong, Wei, Li Heng, Consort Yang, and her family. The following day, 15 July, the imperial guards accompanying the emperor, angry at Yang Guozhong, rose and killed him and forced Emperor Xuanzong to kill Consort Yang as well. Subsequently, Emperor Xuanzong continued on to Jiannan, but Li Heng did not, but rather went to Lingwu, where, on 12 August, Li Heng was declared emperor (as Emperor Suzong). Meanwhile, without knowledge that Emperor Suzong had claimed the throne, Emperor Xuanzong, while still on his way to 3110:, who had served Emperor Suzong throughout the campaign against Yan. To retaliate, Li Fuguo began to try to convince Emperor Suzong that Emperor Xuanzong and his attendants were plotting to seize power back. In 760, with Emperor Suzong's tacit, although not explicit, approval, on one occasion when Emperor Xuanzong was out riding, Li Fuguo intercepted him and forced him to move back to the main palace. Even on that occasion, however, Gao would not submit to Li Fuguo, and even yelled at Li Fuguo to force him to get off his horse and to escort Emperor Xuanzong on foot, along with Gao. Soon after Emperor Xuanzong was forcibly moved, Li Fuguo forced Chen to retire, Li Chiying to return to her temple (she had become an ordained 2180: 1345:), showed that there would be a change in the emperor's position—believing that Emperor Ruizong would suspect Li Longji of plotting a coup and that she could remove Li Longji this way. Instead, Emperor Ruizong, reasoning that the change in the emperor's position could be accounted by an orderly transition, offered to pass the throne to Li Longji. Princess Taiping fervently opposed it, and Li Longji initially declined, but at Emperor Ruizong's insistence finally accepted and took the throne on 8 September (as Emperor Xuanzong). However, at Princess Taiping's suggestion, Emperor Ruizong retained much of the imperial power as 2140:, who closely followed Li Linfu's will, and thereafter, Li Linfu would dominate the imperial government almost to the end of Emperor Xuanzong's reign. Li Linfu did all he could to stay in power, and carried out many dirty tricks against actual or potential threats to his power. He also severely discouraged criticism, ending the relative freedom that officials had to make proposals to Emperor Xuanzong. This was often viewed by traditional historians as the turning point of Emperor Xuanzong's reign, which up to that point was considered a golden age in Chinese history, toward a path of degeneration. The 2824:, and Hedong), deprecated Wang in favor of An Lushan. In 747, after Li Linfu implicated Wang in hindering a campaign against the Tibetan Empire and further accused Wang of plotting a coup to overthrow Emperor Xuanzong and replace him with Li Heng, Wang was arrested and demoted, escaping death only at the pleas of Geshu, who was Wang's deputy and who subsequently was given the commands of Hexi and Longyou. An Lushan, who had already been in command of Fanyang and Pinglu Circuits, was also given Hedong, and thereafter was in command of the most elite troops of the empire. Meanwhile, the ethnically 1800: 421: 2034:) the Prince of Xin'an (Emperor Xuanzong's second cousin) and was exiled, and subsequently died in exile. Still, it was said that it was starting from Yuwen's times that Emperor Xuanzong began to pay attention on taxes to replenish the imperial treasury, which traditional historians viewed as the start of his inflicting financial burdens on the people. Further, with Pei in charge of the civil service system, it was said that due to Pei's strict adherence to seniority, the Tang civil service system began to lose its ability to find talented people to serve in offices. 69: 2068: 399: 1332:. (Cui was a lover of Princess Taiping, and when she offered to recommend him as chancellor, because he admired Lu, he requested to be made chancellor along with Lu, even though Lu was not an associate of Princess Taiping. It was said that Emperor Ruizong, however, was initially unwilling to make Cui chancellor, but relented after Princess Taiping begged in tears, although the account may be somewhat discountable in that neither Liu nor Wei was an associate of Princess Taiping either, and both were close associates of Li Longji.) 1884: 1195:). They then began their attack on the palace, causing Empress Dowager Wei to flee to an imperial guard camp, where a guard beheaded her. Li Guo'er, Wu Yanxiu, and Lady Helou were killed as well. Li Longji soon slaughtered a number of officials in Empress Dowager's faction as well as her clan, while displaying Empress Dowager Wei's body on the street. At the urging of Princess Taiping, Li Longji, and Li Longji's brother Li Chengqi, Li Dan soon took the throne from Li Chongmao and again became emperor (as Emperor Ruizong). 1591: 1368: 1867:

collapse, as the soldiers were forced into long tours of duty but their families were not exempt from taxes, thus causing great numbers of desertions, Zhang suggested a switch to a recruitment-based system where soldiers were paid salaries. This allowed, for a time, Tang's soldier supply to be replenished. (Some later historians condemned Zhang for the abolition of the conscription system, believing the abolition to be the root of Tang's later fracturing, but some others, such as the modern historian

2735: 1838:, with Song making more of the important decisions and Su assisting. Yao would not return to the chancellorship, but would remain influential as a key advisor for Emperor Xuanzong until Yao's death in 721. Contrary to the practical and flexible Yao, Song was more interested in emphasizing integrity and rule of law in governance, and it was said that while Yao's and Song's emphases were different, they were both regarded as instrumental in establishing the rule of 2978:, the capital of Jiannan Circuit, issued an edict that gave several of his sons various responsibility areas, under Li Heng's command overall; until this edict was issued, most of the realm only knew that Chang'an had fallen and had not known where Emperor Xuanzong had fled. When the news of Emperor Suzong's ascension reached Emperor Xuanzong at Chengdu on 10 September, he recognized Emperor Suzong as the new emperor, and thereafter took the title of 3416: 3121:

Wan'an and Xianyi attend to their grandfather, and initially frequently personally visited Emperor Xuanzong, but after some time became ill himself and could not visit Emperor Xuanzong. He began to regret forcibly moving Emperor Xuanzong and considered killing Li Fuguo, but as Li Fuguo wielded command of the imperial guards at this time, he did not dare to try to do so. Emperor Xuanzong died, in that depressed state, on 3 May 762.

2926: 3048:, who had killed An Lushan earlier in 757 and taken over the throne himself. After Emperor Suzong recaptured Chang'an, he sent messengers to Emperor Xuanzong requesting that he return to Chang'an and offering the throne back to Emperor Xuanzong. Emperor Xuanzong, apprehensive of the offer, initially not only declined but further requested to remain in Jiannan. Only after Emperor Suzong, at the suggestion of his strategist 7147: 2804: 2908:) was accused of treason after his associates rose in a failed coup at Chang'an. In the aftermaths, Wang Hong was forced to commit suicide, and Yang Guozhong, Chen, and Geshu Han further tried to implicate Li Linfu in the plot as well. After Li Linfu died in winter 752, Yang Guozhong succeeded him, and almost immediately accused Li Linfu of having been complicit in the rebellion of another general, Li Xianzhong ( 1550:) – and decided to act first. On 29 July, Emperor Xuanzong had Wang Maozhong take 300 soldiers to the imperial guard camp to behead Chang and Li Ci. Then, Jia, Li You, Xiao, and Cen were arrested and executed as well. Dou fled into a canyon and committed suicide by hanging. Xue Ji was forced to commit suicide. When Emperor Ruizong heard about this, he quickly ascended the tower at Chengtian Gate ( 2918:

Xuanzong decided to try An – and An arrived in Chang'an immediately after being summoned. After this incident, Emperor Xuanzong no longer believed that An was plotting rebellion. Nevertheless, because of Yang Guozhong's opposition, he did not make An chancellor, as he was planning. Also in 754, with Yang Guozhong also trying to squeeze Chen out of the government, Chen resigned and was replaced by

2843:), as well as her three sisters (who were created the Ladies of Han, Guo, and Qin), had become exceedingly wealthy and powerful due to the favors that Emperor Xuanzong showed them. It was said that their wealth topped all households in Chang'an. It was also said that by 749, the empire was so wealthy that Emperor Xuanzong viewed treasures as expendable and so awarded them without limit. 2800:

emperor, suggested that these examinees go through two levels of preliminary examinations – by the local governments, and then by the executive bureau. As a result, no one passed the first two levels of preliminary examinations, and Li Linfu subsequently submitted a note to Emperor Xuanzong congratulating him that no talent has been overlooked by the imperial administration.

2055:) to flee to Tang for protection. Tang sent an army to attack the Khitan, but meanwhile made peace with the Tibetan Empire. Initially, the campaign against the Khitan did not succeed, but in 732, with Li Hui in command, Tang forces dealt Ketugan a serious defeat and causing many of Ketugan's subordinates to defect and submit to Tang, although Ketugan was not captured. 1617:. Changing the system of having a large group of chancellors simultaneous, as had been the case throughout Tang, Emperor Xuanzong reduced the numbers to two (or sometimes three) for the rest of his reign. Yao was considered a highly capable administrator, and with him ruling on most important matters and Lu assisting, the government was said to be highly efficient. 1068:(note different person than the father of Li Guangshun, Li Shouli, and Li Shouyi), who was at that time crown prince (Li Dan having yielded that title to him in 698 and taken the title of Prince of Xiang), who had been briefly emperor prior to Li Dan, returned to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong). Li Longji was made the deputy minister of military supplies (衛尉少卿, 1252:. She even spread rumors throughout the empire and tried to cause discontent among the common people, saying: Li Longji is not the eldest son of the emperor, so he should not become the crown prince. She further often paid Li Longji's staff members to spy on him to try to find faults with him. She associated with a group of officials, including the chancellors 3073:), who had previously submitted to An Lushan, because of Zhang Shuo's contributions and Zhang Jun's and Zhang Ji's prior efforts to protect him from Li Linfu's machinations, but Emperor Xuanzong deeply hated them for having surrendered to An, and at Emperor Xuanzong's insistence, Zhang Jun was executed, and Zhang Ji was exiled to Lingnan. 3041:, whom he had not sent to Emperor Suzong previously, to Emperor Suzong. He also posthumously honored Emperor Suzong's mother Consort Yang (not Yang Yuhuan) as an empress. Meanwhile, remembering Zhang Jiuling had previously warned about An Lushan, Emperor Xuanzong sent messengers to Zhang's tomb to offer sacrifices to him. 3180: 1928:

sons, the position of Li Siqian the Crown Prince (whose name had been changed to Li Hong by this point) would be threatened. As a result, Emperor Xuanzong never created her empress. But Consort Wu's was a chief favorite of the emperor and undisputed mistress of the palace until her death and had political power.

2917:

A rivalry soon developed between Yang Guozhong and An Lushan, and Yang Guozhong began to repeatedly warn Emperor Xuanzong that An was plotting rebellion. Emperor Xuanzong ignored the warnings. In 754, Yang Guozhong suggested that if An were summoned to the capital, he would surely refuse, and Emperor

2775:

Meanwhile, Li Linfu was beginning to conflict with Li Shizhi and Wei Jian, who were allies. Li Linfu, who engaged a group of secret police officials to investigate and manufacture evidence against political enemies, was able to get Wei and Li Shizhi demoted and exiled in 746. (Li Shizhi was replaced

1922:

Also in 724, it was discovered that Wang Shouyi had engaged sorcerers to make amulets for Empress Wang to wear, hoping that the use of magic would allow her to have a son. Empress Wang was deposed and reduced to commoner rank, while Wang Shouyi was exiled and subsequently ordered to commit suicide in

1385:

empress. Meanwhile, Princess Taiping continued to be listening to politics with curtains in the court, highly extremely influential in governmental matters through Emperor Ruizong, the group of chancellors openly frequented her house and most chancellors, forbidden troops, officials and warlords were

1247:

Under her ample reputation in the previous reigns, her great achievements in two coups, the trust of Emperor Ruizong's, the vast privileges, attention, independence and wealth that Emperor Ruizong bestowed on her, and having countless allies, Princess Taiping has decision-making power on many serious

3124:

Emperor Xuanzong was deeply criticized by later historians for his wastefulness and for his appointing of Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong, and An to prominent offices. The strength that Xuanzong had allowed the military governors to have, which was perpetuated after Tang had defeated Yan, led to a period of

2799:

Meanwhile, in 747, Emperor Xuanzong wanted to expand the government's talent pool, and so issued an edict ordering that the people who had unusual talents to come to Chang'an to be examined by himself. Li Linfu, fearing that these examinees might accuse him of improprieties when they get to meet the

1909:, who was soon himself demoted over suspicions, never proven, that he was plotting treason. With Zhang Yue thus effectively being the senior chancellor, Zhang Yue promoted literary studies, which Emperor Xuanzong also favored. In 724, he also commissioned the chief imperial astronomer Nangong Shuo ( 1228:

If the state were secure, then consideration should be first given to the oldest son of the wife. If the state were in danger, then consideration should be first given for achievement. If you did not follow this principle, the people of the entire empire will be disappointed. I would rather die than

1218:

Emperor Ruizong once again ascended to the throne, which is different from the first time he was a puppet. This time he truly mastered the power and quickly used it handily. Emperor Ruizong was immediately faced with the issue of whom to make crown prince—as Li Chengqi, as the oldest son overall and

2289:

generals to command large border armies, believing Li Linfu's assertion that non-Han generals were more likely to be personally loyal to Emperor Xuanzong himself and would not have clan entanglements, even though Li Linfu's own personal motivation was to prevent Han officials from going through the

2163:

In 737, with Zhang no longer in the government to protect him, Li Ying was deposed and subsequently forced to commit suicide. However, with Consort Wu dying later in the year, Emperor Xuanzong did not immediately accept Li Linfu's proposal to have Li Mao made crown prince. Rather, he chose an older

2129:

By 736, Emperor Xuanzong was described as having been tired of important affairs of state and beginning to become wasteful and exuberant in his lifestyle. Zhang tried to curb his behavior but thus began to lose favor, while Li Linfu was gaining power due to his association with Consort Wu. Further,

1795:

were attacked by the Turgesh, Arab, and Tibetan force on 15 August 717. Qarluqs serving under Chinese command, under Arsila Xian, a Western Turkic Qaghan serving under the Chinese Assistant Grand Protector General Tang Jiahui defeated the attack. Al-Yashkuri, the Arab commander and his army fled to

1713:

era, as minor hostilities occurred at the borders as well as contests over vassals' loyalty for the two states, but they were also at times friendly to each other, with Qapaghan requesting at times to marry a Tang princess and Emperor Xuanzong agreeing to the proposal. In 716, however, Qapaghan was

1291:

to serve as prefectural prefects, while Princess Taiping and Wu Youji be sent to live in Luoyang. They also proposed that Li Longji be put in charge of most affairs of state. Emperor Ruizong initially agreed and made the orders as Song and Yao suggested, except that he believed that Luoyang was too

1084:

to attend to Emperor Zhongzong when Emperor Zhongzong was sacrificing to heaven and earth. Meanwhile, sorcerers engaged by Emperor Zhongzong believed that there was an aura of an emperor at the area of Chang'an where the mansions Li Longji and his uncles were, and Emperor Zhongzong tried to fulfill

2158:

Of the chancellors that the Emperor commissioned after he took the throne, Yao Chong emphasized flexibility, Song Jing emphasized the rule of law, Zhang Jiazhen emphasized administrative abilities, Zhang Shuo emphasized literary talent, Li Yuanhong and Du Xian emphasized frugality, and Han Xiu and

1927:

became undisputed mistress of the palace and was treated inside the palace like an empress would be. Still, in 726, when Emperor Xuanzong considered creating her empress, he encountered oppositions from officials on two grounds – that her Wu clan was hated by the people and that as she had her own

3120:

After Emperor Xuanzong was forcibly moved back to the main palace, Emperor Suzong tried to please him by offering him the best of all of the tributes of the land first, but Emperor Xuanzong became depressed and rarely ate meat, and quickly became ill. Emperor Suzong had his daughters Princesses

1866:

Meanwhile, at Zhang Yue's suggestion, the Tang northern border defense forces, which had about 600,000 men at that time, was reduced by 200,000 men to allow the soldiers to return home. Further, seeing that the Tang conscription system, due to abuses against the soldiers at the time, was near a

1845:

Meanwhile, Song and Su had carried out a stern campaign against the use of coins that were not officially forged by the government, which brought popular resentment that Emperor Xuanzong found problematic. In 720, he removed Song and Su from chancellor offices and replaced them with Yuan and

1620:

In 714, Emperor Xuanzong carried out a series of political reprisals against the cruel secret police officials of Wu Zetian's reign, exiling the ones that were still alive and eventually barring their descendants from holding political offices. At the urging of Jiang Jiao's brother Jiang Hui

1421:

Later in 712, in one of Princess Taiping's plans to oust him, at her request, Emperor Ruizong decreed that Emperor Xuanzong lead a group of soldiers to examine the northern border. However, the group of conscripted soldiers was disbanded in spring 713, and the plan was never carried out.

2704:

Meanwhile, it was said that Emperor Xuanzong had paid less attention to increasing revenues after Yuwen Rong's fall, but by 742 he was again interested in doing so, and such officials as Wei Jian (韋堅, a brother-in-law of Li Yu, whose name was changed by this point to Li Heng), Wang Hong

1857:, a great-grandniece of Emperor Xuanzong's grandmother Wu Zetian. Emperor Xuanzong secretly discussed with Jiang Jiao the possibility of deposing her, but Jiang Jiao careless leaked the discussion. At the urging of Zhang Jiazhen, who was friendly with Empress Wang's brother Wang Shouyi ( 888:

who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting

1720:), and from that point on, lacking his efficient leadership, the Göktürks, while remaining an important regional power, posed much less of a threat to China, although at times still capable of dealing serious defeats to Tang forces, as was the case in 720 when the Göktürk general 1036:) falsely accused them of using witchcraft against Wu Zetian – and not even their bodies were recovered. Subsequently, all of Li Dan's sons were reduced in title, and Li Longji's title was reduced to Prince of Linzi. He and his brothers, along with their cousins Li Guangshun ( 2937:

In 755, Yang Guozhong further provoked An, who was then back at his post in Fanyang, by surrounding An's mansion at Chang'an and arresting and executing An's staff members. An, in fear and anger, rebelled in winter 755, and quickly reached and captured Luoyang after defeating

1967:

In 727, at the suggestion of the general Wang Junchuo (王君㚟), Emperor Xuanzong commissioned Wang Junchuo to attack the Tibetan Empire, and after a Tibetan incursion in late 726, Wang counterattacked and inflicted losses on Tibetan forces commanded by the general Xinuoluogonglu

3056:

for 50 years, and I did not consider it a great honor. Now, I am truly honored to be the father to the Son of Heaven." He took up residence at Xingqing Palace, a palace that was remodelled from the residence that he and his brothers had when they were imperial princes.

3032:

Emperor Xuanzong, after becoming retired emperor, largely allowed Emperor Suzong to coordinate the campaign against Yan, but at times nevertheless stepped in to make decisions. For example, in spring 757, apparently without first consulting Emperor Suzong, he named

1418:), the news was leaked. At the request of Princess Taiping's, Emperor Ruizong issued an order to arrested Liu, and initially set to be executed. But Emperor Xuanzong interceded on his behalf with Emperor Ruizong, and Liu, Zhang, and Deng were spared but exiled. 2136:) the Prince of Shou and tried to have Li Mao made crown prince. In 736, due to Li Linfu's machinations that made Emperor Xuanzong believed that Zhang and Pei Yaoqing were improperly engaging in factionalism, Zhang and Pei Yaoqing were removed and replaced by 2968:. Meanwhile, though, Yang Guozhong, fearing that Geshu had designs against him, convinced Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack despite Geshu's warnings that doing so was risky. Geshu was subsequently defeated by An's forward commander Cui Qianyou ( 2815:

Meanwhile, also as of 747, An Lushan had become greatly favored by Emperor Xuanzong due to his military achievements and his willingness to flatter Emperor Xuanzong, Consort Yang, and her family members. Further, Li Linfu, apprehensive about the general

1105:

the Prince of Wen, was named emperor (as Emperor Shang), but Empress Wei retained actual power as empress dowager and regent. Originally, Empress Dowager Wei's clan members, along with Zong, Li Guo'er's husband Wu Yanxiu, and other officials Zhao Lüwen

2749:

Meanwhile, after Consort Wu's death, Emperor Xuanzong had been depressed. When he saw his son Prince of Shou Li Mao's wife (his daughter-in-law) Yang Yuhuan (Princess of Shou, by virtue of marriage), he was infatuated with her, and he had her become a

1283:, tried to persuade Emperor Ruizong to carry out a plan that they believed would end her plotting and influence. They proposed that the two princes who arguably had superior claims on the throne than Li Longji—Li Chengqi and Li Shouli (whose father 1056:, formerly crown prince but who had been forced by Wu Zetian to commit suicide in 684), were kept inside the palace and not allowed to have contact with outsiders until 699, when they were allowed to leave the palace and take up residences outside. 875:

of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like

1662:

attacked, Emperor Xuanzong again commissioned Xue to defend against the attack, and Xue was able to repel the Tibetan forces. Subsequently, though, although both sides tried to invoke the marriage between Li Shouli's daughter Princess Jincheng and

1815:

In and around 716, there was a major locust infestation in the central China region. At Yao's suggestion, Emperor Xuanzong ordered an extensive campaign of extermination, which was said to reduce the impact of the infestation and ward off a major

2861:

Meanwhile, Li Linfu had a tight grip on power and favors from Emperor Xuanzong throughout the years, but as of 750, Yang Guozhong and Chen Xilie had allied with each other and were finding ways to eliminate Li Linfu's allies from government.

2895:) against Nanzhao failed terribly in 751, and subsequent defeats by Tang forces eventually led to a total of some 200,000 casualties among Tang troops. On the western front, Gao Xianzhi suffered a major defeat at the Abbasid forces at the 1085:

the vision by visiting Li Longji's mansion and attending a feast there. While Li Longji was back in Chang'an, he spent time to cultivate relationships with imperial guard commanders, as he believed that Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife

3106:) to receive well wishes from the populace. He also often held feasts for generals and people from Jiannan, with Li Chiying and Ru serving as hostesses. Meanwhile, though, Emperor Xuanzong's attendants looked down at the powerful eunuch 1577:

era is usually viewed as one of the golden ages of Chinese history – a period of political stability, peace in society, and economic prosperity, in addition to advances in education, literature, music, painting, sculpture, and religion.

2027:

to be chancellors in their stead – in Yuwen's case, for his abilities to find ways to add to the imperial treasury by imposing special taxes and levies. Later in the year, though, Yuwen made false accusations against the general Li Hui

2159:

Zhang Jiuling emphasized honesty. All of them had their different talents. After Zhang Jiuling was demoted, however, the officials were all concerned about keeping their positions, and honest words no longer had a place in government.

3060:

After Emperor Xuanzong was back in Chang'an, he largely stayed out of policy decisions, although he at times still exerted his influence on Emperor Suzong. For example, Emperor Suzong had wanted to spare Zhang Shuo's sons Zhang Jun

1923:

exile. Empress Wang died later in the year, and it was said that the eunuchs and the ladies in waiting mourned her bitterly and Emperor Xuanzong much regretted his treatment of her. Still, after Empress Wang's removal and death,

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day of the same month, which corresponds to 2 August 713 on the Gregorian calendar, Princess Taiping was forced to commit suicide. With the death of Princess Taiping, the last major obstacle to Xuanzong's control was removed.

2022:

as a chancellor. Subsequently, in 729, with Yuan, even though he was senior chancellor, unable to curb the disputes between Li Yuanhong and Du, Emperor Xuanzong removed all three from chancellor positions, promoting Yuwen and

3004:

However, perhaps to avoid the impression that he was keeping a rival government to Emperor Suzong, he sent the several chancellors that he had retained or created while on the journey to or after he arrived in Chengdu – Wei,

5293:, only heard the news on 10 September 756, that date marking the end of Xuanzong's reign in practice. Until Emperor Xuanzong received the news of Emperor Suzong's ascension, he continued to issue imperial edicts as emperor. 3000:. All matters relating to the military or the state throughout the realm shall first be submitted to the Emperor before being submitted to me. After the capital is recaptured, I will no longer oversee the affairs of state. 951:

Consort Dou, who was highly ranked in the bureaucracy. In 687, as the emperor's son, he was created the Prince of Chu. It was said that he was handsome as a child, and was talented in music. He had two older brothers –

2768:, known as Yang Guifei, and soon became so powerful that officials were bribing her family members to get preferential treatment. She was referred to inside the palace as "the Lady" and treated like an empress (as was 1303:

By winter 711 Princess Taiping had become even more powerful than before. Because of her recommendations, Emperor Ruizong carried out a major reorganization of his administration, relieving the chancellors Wei,

2225:

against the Abbasid Caliphate. As a consequence, the Tang dynasty temporarily lost some of its influence in Central Asia to the emerging Abbasid Caliphate, as several Tang tributaries turned to the Abbasids.

1394:– were made chancellors at her recommendation, although Lu was not considered a member of her party.) As a result, the war between her and him continued more seriously. Liu Youqiu and the general Zhang Wei ( 1223:

principles of succession, but Li Longji had been the one whose accomplishments had allowed him to retake the throne. He hesitated. Li Chengqi declined consideration to be crown prince—stating to his father:

1164:), who had recently been put in command of imperial guards and who had tried to establish their authority by dealing with the guards harshly, had alienated the guards, and the guard officers Ge Fushun ( 2306:. By 742, the main Tang forces were all concentrated on the border, at nine different military circuits and one special military district (Lingnan), as well as three special coast defense districts ( 1018:) to match hers. In 692, Li Longji and his brothers were allowed to have residences outside the palace and were given staffs at their mansions. In 693, both his mother Consort Dou and Li Dan's wife 1505:

to act first, did so. He convened a meeting with his brothers Li Longfan the Prince of Qi and Li Longye the Prince of Xue (who had changed their names to Li Fan and Li Ye by this point to observe

1994:) captive. As a result, Wang Junchuo did not dare to counterattack, and subsequently blamed the defeat on a number of tribal chiefs in the area and had them exiles. In response, Yaoluoge Hushu ( 3076:

Meanwhile, after a while, Emperor Xuanzong settled into a routine at Xingqing Palace, with Chen Xuanli and Gao Lishi attending to him. Also often attending to him were his daughter Li Chiying (

1667:, emperor of the Tibetan Empire, in seeking peace, the two sides could not reach an agreement and remained in border conflict yearly. In response, Emperor Xuanzong established the office of 2889:) and Zhang's subsequent false accusations that he was planning to rebel, rebelled for real, and attacked and occupied Yunnan Commandery. A major attack by the general Xianyu Zhongtong ( 7505: 2006:), ambushed Wang Junchuo and killed him, and while Yaoluoge Hushu was forced to flee thereafter, for several years Tang did not engage in any offensive campaigns in the region. 5315:

day in the 7th month of the 15th year of the Tianbao era of Tang Xuanzong's reign. This date corresponds to 12 August 756 in the Gregorian calendar.(「(天宝十五载七月)是月甲子，上即皇帝位于灵武。」)

6337:

day in the 12th month of the year after the 15th year of the Tianbao era of his reign. This date corresponds to 17 Jan 758 in the Gregorian calendar.(「(天宝十五载明年十二月)丁未，至京师...」)

5659:, the Xiantian Coup took place on the 3rd day of the 7th month of the 2nd year of the Xiantian era of his reign. This date corresponds to 29 Jul 713 on the Gregorian calendar. 2984:(retired emperor) – although his edict recognizing Emperor Suzong appeared to still indicate desire to retain control like his father Emperor Ruizong did early in his reign: 5267:

day of the 7th month of the 1st year of the Kaiyuan era of Tang Xuanzong's reign. This date corresponds to 30 Jul 713 in the Gregorian calendar. Three days later, on the

3179: 2808: 1272:—to join her group. When Princess Taiping tried to depose Li Longji in two actions, one with Emperor Ruizong himself and another time by summoning the chancellors at 2202:

emperors. And he did not allow many to be set free even when they were old. As Emperor Xuanzong turned his attention to pleasure-seeking with his favorite concubine

6242:

day in the 8th month of the 15th year of the Tianbao era of his reign. This date corresponds to 10 Sep 756 in the Gregorian calendar.(「(天宝十五载八月)癸巳，灵武使至，始知皇太子即位。」)

6219:

day in the 6th month of the 15th year of the Tianbao era of his reign. This date corresponds to 14 Jul 756 in the Gregorian calendar.(「(天宝十五载六月)乙未，凌晨自延秋门出，...」)

2717:) became favored, and often, matters having to do with finances were stripped out of other officials' responsibilities and given to them as special commissions. 1101:

so that Empress Wei could become "emperor" like Wu Zetian and Li Guo'er could become crown princess. For the time being, Emperor Zhongzong's son by a concubine,

1481:); and the monk Huifan, were plotting to overthrow Emperor Xuanzong. It was further said that they discussed, with the lady-in-waiting Lady Yuan, to poison the 2126:

Around the new year 735, Ketuhan was killed in an internal Khitan power struggle, and Khitan became a vassal again, although it would not stay so permanently.

2009:

Around the same time, Emperor Xuanzong began to build a residential complex in the palace for imperial clan members, known as the Mansion of the Ten Princes (

1956:, however, Zhang Yue was removed only from his chancellor post on 18 May and permitted to maintain his title and a number of other posts. He was replaced by 1097:

In summer 710, Emperor Zhongzong died suddenly—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning by Empress Wei and her daughter Li Guo'er the

5397:

era of Tang Suzong's reign. (建巳月，庚戌朔，....甲寅，上皇崩于神龙殿，年七十八。...) This date corresponds to 3 May 762 on the Julian calendar. Xuanzong's biography in vol.5 of

7544: 2784:

and sorcery.) In 747, Li Linfu further carried out a campaign of terror against exiled officials, and among the officials executed were Wei, Li Yong (

6135: 5866:

The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power Among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese During the Early Middle Ages

7549: 1759: 1244:

would listen to the courtiers' conversations with the emperor about the government behind a pearl curtain and had the government under her hands.

1189:

Without first informing Li Dan, the conspirators enacted their plan on July 21, 710, first killing Wei Bo, Gao, and Empress Wei's cousin Wei Gui (

7469: 2948:) that Feng was cowardly and that Feng's superior Gao Xianzhi was corrupt, executed both Feng and Gao and replaced Gao with Geshu in defending 1698:, his second son and the son of his then-favorite concubine Consort Zhao, crown prince. (Emperor Xuanzong's wife Empress Wang was sonless.) 2198:

Historians said that Emperor Xuanzong forced tens of thousands of beautiful women to live in his palace to please him, more than many other

7501: 2087: 2015:), to centralize their residence. Thereafter, imperial princes, including the crown prince, would rarely live outside the palace complex. 1775:) attacked the new king and restored the old king. General Tang Jiahui led the Chinese to defeat the following Arab-Tibetan attack in the 1287:(note different character than Emperor Zhongzong) was an older brother to both Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong)—be sent out of the capital 5263:) released an edict, declaring that Emperor Xuanzong was to be solely in charge of the empire's affairs. This edict was released on the 2130:

Zhang supported Li Hong (whose name had been changed to Li Ying by this point), while Li Linfu and Consort Wu supported her son Li Mao (

1658:

to attack them, but Xue suffered another devastating loss to them, at the casualty rate of 80–90%. However, later in the year, when the

2796:). Li Shizhi and Wang Ju, who had been instrumental in Emperor Xuanzong's initial actions against Princess Taiping, committed suicide. 2206:

and her family, he paid less and less attention to the running of his empire, and much of his power fell into the hands of the corrupt

1853:

Meanwhile, by 722, Empress Wang, who had contributed to Emperor Xuanzong's reign by providing suggestions, had begun to lose favor to

3437: 6034: 2772:

until her death). He abducted more than 40000 women in his palace. Some were not set free even after they were over 60 years old.

30:

This article is about the seventh Tang emperor. For the Tang emperor Li Chen whose temple name is also romanized as Xuanzong, see

7594: 7266: 7383: 3126: 1126:

leaked their plan to Li Longji. Li Longji responded by conspiring with Princess Taiping, Princess Taiping's son Xue Chongjian (

31: 7584: 7534: 7485: 5901: 5847: 5817: 5784: 5212: 2273:

during the war and abdicated the throne to Li Yu (whose name had been changed to Li Heng at that point) (as Emperor Suzong).

1758:) was expelled by a new king supported by the Tibetan Empire and the Umayyad Caliphate, Tang forces commanded by the general 7457: 7453: 7275: 3021: 76: 1335:

In 712, Princess Taiping had astrologers warn Emperor Ruizong that the constellation that symbolized the imperial throne,

1203: 7445: 2761: 2727:

In 744, Eastern Tujue, after a series of internal turmoil and rebellions from its vassals, finally collapsed. Its vassal

1938:

On 11 May 726, Zhang Yue was accused of corruption by several officials that he had blocked the advances of – Cui Yinfu (

7539: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 6373: 6357: 6299: 6278: 6262: 6197: 6178: 6072: 6013: 5962: 5774: 5760: 5687: 5641: 5614: 5591: 5575: 5559: 3161:

as "I Pass Through the Lu Dukedom with a Sigh and a Sacrifice for Confucius". This poem refers to the philosopher-sage

7554: 5874: 3463: 2882: 2380: 3445: 1400:), with Emperor Xuanzong's approval, planned to mobilize the imperial guards to kill several of those chancellors – 7449: 7441: 3173:, and expresses sadness for what is past and beyond recall, thus reflecting on the transience of mortal existence. 1687:), with a centralized command of 12 prefectures under a single military general. Eventually, the establishment of 1487:

that Emperor Xuanzong routinely took as an aphrodisiac. When this alleged plot was reported to Emperor Xuanzong by

7589: 5198: 2179: 1609:

and Liu Youqiu served as chancellors, but they were soon displaced by Yao Yuanzhi (who then changed his name to

5478: 5289:

was proclaimed emperor by the army on 12 August 756, but Emperor Xuanzong and his retinue, who had escaped to

3441: 1871:, argued that Zhang's actions not only were necessary to restore the supply of soldiers but saved many lives.) 1234: 3044:

Late in 757, Emperor Suzong, with aid from Huige, recaptured Chang'an from Yan, then ruled by An Lushan's son

1118:) were advising her to take the throne, like Wu Zetian did, and they also advised her to eliminate Li Dan and 7599: 7564: 7481: 7041: 6088: 5891: 5837: 5716: 5543: 3307: 3186: 1957: 5864: 3125:

increasing conflict and instability which set the stage for the decline of the Tang dynasty and the ensuing

2942:'s undersupplied army. Subsequently, Emperor Xuanzong, believing in reports from the eunuch Bian Lingcheng ( 2290:

border command route to become chancellors, thus threatening him. Such generals who rose in ranks included

6315: 5933: 5449: 5345:

era of Tang Ruizong's reign. This date corresponds to 8 Sep 685 in the Julian calendar. 「(垂拱元年秋八月戊寅，生于东都。」

2760:) as his new wife and princess. Meanwhile, he secretly took the nun, Yang, into the palace. She became his 1004:

In 690, Empress Dowager Wu had her son Emperor Ruizong yield the throne to her, and she took the throne as

5377:

era of Tang Suzong's reign. (上元二年四月甲寅，崩于神龙殿，时年七十八). However, this is likely to be an error as there is no

5120:

church", but also asked that paintings of him and the four previous emperors be kept in the church there.

2111:, but soon, Song and Han were in repeated conflicts, and late in 733, both were removed and replaced with 1643:– from Emperor Zhongzong's reign whom Jiang accused of being unable to curb Empress Wei's abuse of power. 7259: 7190: 7022: 7018: 6390: 6142: 5525: 5180: 1899:

In 723, Zhang Jiazhen was demoted on account of a corruption scandal involving his brother Zhang Jiayou (

918: 38: 17: 6996: 5431: 3301: 1906: 1276:

and publicly accusing Li Longji of treason or incompetence, but it did not achieve the desired result.

1086: 1019: 1009: 957: 2956:

at Luoyang, but with Geshu defending Tong Pass, An's advances stalled, while Tang forces commanded by

7574: 7316: 7301: 5185: 1830:, who replaced Lu after Lu's death earlier in 716, were removed from their offices and replaced with 1065: 2049:) and took over the reign of the Khitan and the Xi personally, forcing the king of the Xi, Li Lusu ( 1316:

of their chancellor positions, instead commissioning a number of chancellors that she recommended —

7433: 7398: 7368: 7358: 7353: 5381:

day in that month; the month corresponds to 9 May to 7 Jun 761 in the Julian calendar. Vol. 222 of

3656: 3426: 3253: 3170: 3139: 3034: 3013:– to Lingwu to formally invest imperial power on Emperor Suzong and to serve under Emperor Suzong. 1820:. Later in 716, however, due a corruption scandal involving Yao's sons and his associate Zhao Hui ( 1804: 1606: 1498: 1386:

her associates. (Of the seven chancellors at the time, five – Dou Huaizhen, Xiao Zhizhong, Cen Xi,

1313: 885: 1425:

By summer 713, it was said that Princess Taiping, Dou, Cen, Xiao, Cui; along with other officials

7425: 7373: 7343: 7327: 7306: 7296: 7291: 7183: 5426: 5232: 5148: 4780: 4722: 4696: 3480: 3430: 3026: 1538: 1382: 932: 379: 155: 94: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7477: 7473: 7465: 7429: 7393: 7388: 7378: 7363: 7348: 7338: 7252: 7200: 6977: 6945: 5286: 5135: 3628: 3391: 3313: 3038: 2828:

general Gao Xianzhi had become prominent in the Xiyu region, expanding Tang power to the west.

2249:, who conquered city states of the Xiyu region, eventually battling the Abbasids at Talas; and 2165: 1961: 1784: 1640: 1292:

far and therefore sent Princess Taiping and Wu Youji only to Pu Prefecture (蒲州, roughly modern

104: 2731:

rose and became the dominant power of the region, but formally submitted to Tang as a vassal.

2107:

Also in 733, Pei Guangting died, and at the recommendation of Xiao Song, he was replaced with

1931:

In winter 725, Emperor Xuanzong, at Zhang Yue's urging, carried out a magnificent ceremony at

1264:, intending to find some way to remove Li Longji, but was unable to get two other chancellors— 7569: 7461: 7437: 7421: 7322: 7286: 5809: 5130: 3688: 3616: 2253:

who defeated and once again vassalized the Khitan. Eventually, in 755, An Lushan started the

1442: 1102: 902: 1799: 1351:(retired emperor), and his edicts continued to carry greater force than Emperor Xuanzong's. 7579: 1776: 1654:

for having defeated Tang forces during Emperor Zhongzong's reign, commissioned the general

2237:

took more and more regional power into their own hands. Some successful generals included

1233:

Li Chengqi wept and begged to yield for several days, and after further persuasion by the

8: 7529: 7524: 5172: 3684: 3100:). The imperial musicians often played for him, and he often climbed up Changqing Tower ( 2856: 1273: 1198: 906: 7559: 7403: 6973: 6123: 5839:

Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580–800

5156: 5117: 3049: 2866: 2521: 2311: 2307: 1764: 947:. Li Longji was the third son of Emperor Ruizong, and his mother was Emperor Ruizong's 68: 1059: 6965: 5897: 5870: 5843: 5813: 5780: 5474: 2067: 1737: 860: 499: 491: 420: 192: 6961: 5802: 1974:). Later in the year, though, Xinuoluogonglu and another general, Zhulongmangbuzhi ( 1883: 7221: 7209: 7036: 7013: 6957: 6329: 6234: 6211: 5655: 5538: 5520: 5365: 5333: 5307: 4754: 3612: 3492: 3053: 2769: 1924: 1854: 1695: 1284: 1241: 1119: 1053: 939:(later known as Wu Zetian), not Emperor Ruizong, was in actual control of power as 868: 804: 781: 730: 707: 656: 633: 582: 559: 454: 431: 171: 163: 2929:

Xuanzong with Consort Yang on a terrace with their attendants, by Japanese artist

1980:) attacked and captured Wang's home prefecture Gua Prefecture (瓜州, roughly modern 1590: 1072:). In 708, he was made the secretary general of Lu Prefecture (潞州, roughly modern 398: 5445: 3872: 3153: 2896: 2355: 2344: 2254: 2222: 1888: 1788: 1741: 1702: 1483: 1089:, who was in charge of government affairs, would bring harm to the Tang dynasty. 1027: 1026:

rank at that point) were killed by Wu Zetian inside the palace after Wu Zetian's

940: 312: 1826:), Yao incurred displeasure from Emperor Xuanzong and offered to resign. He and 1367: 7244: 7057: 5499: 5260: 5255: 5237: 3144: 2980: 2939: 2663: 2242: 2150: 2074:, in the manner of the mid 8th century Tang artist Li Zhaodao, an 11th-century 1659: 1347: 1133: 832: 825: 758: 751: 684: 677: 610: 603: 536: 529: 475: 3037:

chancellor, although he subsequently sent both Li Lin and another chancellor,

2930: 2865:

As of 751, Tang was also facing defeats on two different external fronts – as

2285:

Meanwhile, at Li Linfu's encouragement, Emperor Xuanzong began to promote non-

1863:), advocated that Jiang Jiao be punished and exiled, and Jiang died in exile. 7518: 6969: 4123: 3379: 3349: 3325: 3295: 3241: 3158: 2528: 2211: 2116: 2024: 1847: 1706: 1647: 1257: 1098: 1012:, interrupting Tang. She imposed upon Ruizong and his family the surname Wu ( 1005: 894: 7161: 3277: 3247: 3235: 3223: 2965: 2817: 2415: 2199: 2187: 2141: 2097: 2075: 1827: 1749: 1725: 1636: 1510: 1506: 1412:. However, after Zhang told the plan to the imperial censor Deng Guangbin ( 1401: 1391: 1375: 1329: 1305: 1253: 1249: 1211: 1023: 924: 872: 811: 737: 663: 589: 461: 369: 5974:(夏四月癸丑，御史中丞宇文融与御史大夫崔隐甫弹尚书右丞相、兼中书令张说，鞫于尚书省。丁巳，户部侍郎李元纮同中书门下平章事。庚申，张说停兼中书令。) 2734: 7236: 5241:(retired emperor) but continued to wield actual imperial power until 713. 5114: 3343: 3265: 2953: 2738: 2532: 2303: 2286: 2266: 2246: 2234: 2203: 2112: 1614: 1288: 1171: 1081: 357: 330: 291: 218: 179: 137: 1740:

were constantly engaging in a three-way tug of war for influence in the

7048: 7027: 3385: 3373: 3361: 3331: 3211: 3166: 2957: 2919: 2777: 2145: 2137: 1945: 1916: 1598: 1502: 1317: 1237: 1143: 1123: 953: 233: 1915:) to carry out a major astronomical survey to observe the sun and the 1199:

During Emperor Ruizong's second reign: under Princess Taiping's shadow

7311: 7232: 5282: 5193: 4842: 4816: 4515: 3397: 3367: 3319: 3283: 3259: 3229: 3162: 3045: 3006: 2949: 2742: 2721: 2612: 2608: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2250: 2238: 2215: 2019: 1953: 1952:– and was found to have committed corruption. At the intercession of 1932: 1892: 1831: 1792: 1664: 1632: 1610: 1541: 1513:, along with a number of his associates – the general Wang Maozhong ( 1488: 1321: 1280: 1269: 1265: 1220: 1043: 948: 936: 898: 881: 877: 508: 3415: 2425:

cut off communications between the Tibetan Empire and Eastern Tujue

7141: 7137: 5167: 5143: 3355: 3107: 3010: 2961: 2914:). Li Linfu was posthumously disgraced, and his family was exiled. 2825: 2821: 2820:, who at that time was in command of four circuits (Hexi, Longyou, 2446: 2433: 2384: 2348: 2207: 2191: 2120: 2115:, who became known for improving the food distribution system, and 1949: 1745: 1724:

defeated the Tang garrison at Liang Prefecture (涼州, roughly modern

1721: 1669: 1628: 1309: 1293: 1073: 1060:

During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign: under Empress Wei's shadow

890: 515: 141: 45: 2952:

from An's advances. An declared himself emperor of a new state of

2925: 2000:), the nephew of one of the chiefs so exiled, Yaoluoge Chengzong ( 1491:, Emperor Xuanzong, who had already received advice from Wang Ju ( 1064:

In 705, Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup, and Li Longji's uncle

7031: 5495: 5290: 3808: 3337: 3289: 3217: 2975: 2584: 2580: 2556: 2552: 2497: 2473: 2450: 2395: 2391: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2108: 1981: 1868: 1835: 1780: 1684: 1680: 1651: 1405: 1387: 1325: 928: 837: 763: 689: 615: 541: 364: 352: 120: 7008: 3540: 3271: 3205: 3137:

Xuanzong had one poem collected in the famous poetry anthology

3111: 2886: 2781: 2751: 2640: 2636: 2083: 1817: 1808: 1733: 1655: 1426: 1409: 1297: 1261: 1077: 944: 5231:

He ascended the throne following the abdication of his father

2780:, who gained favor from Emperor Xuanzong for his knowledge in 5405:. (元年建巳月，崩于神龍殿，年七十八。 ), whereas Suzong's biographies in both 2803: 2728: 2419: 2101: 1985: 1729: 3193:, the only known surviving example of Xuanzong's calligraphy 2875:), angry about unreasonable demands that the Zhang Qiantuo ( 2123:, a close associate of Consort Wu, as a chancellor as well. 2964:

made advances against An-controlled territory north of the

2082:

Meanwhile, Tang also began to have periodic conflicts with

1842:

and that subsequent chancellors could not compare to them.

1219:

the oldest son of his wife, was the appropriate heir under

2590:

defend against the Tibetan Empire and tribes to the south

2119:, known for his integrity. In 734, Emperor Xuanzong added 3918:

Imperial Concubine of the Sixth Rank, of the Dong clan (

3863:

Imperial Concubine of the Fourth Rank, of the Guo clan (

3114: 3082:), the Princess Yuzhen, the lady in waiting Ru Xianyuan ( 2831:

By 748, Consort Yang's cousins Yang Guozhong, Yang Xian (

2754:

nun and gave Li Mao the wife of the general Wei Zhaoxun (

1752:) region. In 715, for example, when the king of Bahanna ( 1152:)—to act first. Meanwhile, Empress Wei's nephews Wei Bo ( 520: 37:"Tang Ming Huang" redirects here. For the TV series, see 5401:

only indicated the same month and year as the record in

2881:) the governor of Yunnan Commandery (雲南, roughly modern 7040:), 1060. Shanghai: Zhonghua Publishing, 1975. 20 vols. 5862: 3840:

Imperial Concubine of the First Rank, of the Lin clan (

2899:

in 751 as well, ending the Tang expansion to the west.

1132:), as well as several low-level officials close to him— 7017:), 945. Shanghai: Zhonghua Publishing, 1975. 16 vols. 5113:

Xuanzong "ordered his four brothers to worship in the

3886:

Imperial Concubine of the Third Rank, of the Wu clan (

2018:

On 6 December 728, Emperor Xuanzong added the general

1850:, and in 721 added Zhang Yue as a chancellor as well. 984:). He had two full younger sisters, Princess Jinxian ( 935:(Li Dan) – but at that time, Emperor Ruizong's mother 5473:]. Vol. 4. Hong Kong: Zhonghua. p. 16. 5369:, he died, aged 78 (by East Asian reckoning), on the 1646:

Also in 714, Emperor Xuanzong, wanting to punish the

816: 742: 668: 594: 496: 480: 466: 5835: 5804:

The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia

5465:Dong Naibin (董乃斌) (1992). Zi Jianhong (紫劍虹) (ed.). 1374:, painted in the 12th century during the subsequent 5337:, he was born in Luoyang (the East Capital) on the 2210:(who was succeeded by Lady Yang's dissolute cousin 1435:) the Prince of Xinxing (a grandson of Li Deliang ( 1092: 966:), as well as three younger brothers – Li Longfan ( 6215:, he abandoned Chang'an in the early hours of the 5893:Imperial Chinese Military History: 8000 BC–1912 AD 5801: 2086:, and in 733 Emperor Xuanzong tried to commission 5889: 5363:According to Xuanzong's biography in volume 9 of 2720:Late in 742, Niu Xianke died and was replaced by 1709:had fluctuated during the first few years of the 1562:) and would remain there until his death in 716. 1052:) the Prince of Yong'an (the sons of their uncle 7516: 7274: 2261:. The rebels quickly seized the eastern capital 1691:would be extended to other parts of the empire. 5385:recorded that Xuanzong's death occurred on the 3025:Tailing (泰陵), the tomb of Emperor Xuanzong, in 2996:(誥), and submissions to me shall address me as 2692:Deng Prefecture (登州, in modern Yantai as well) 1736:. Meanwhile, Tang, the Tibetan Empire, and the 5987:(十一月癸巳朔，检校兵部尚书、河西节度判凉州事萧嵩为兵部尚书、同中书门下平章事，馀如故。) 5869:. Princeton University Press. pp. 88–89. 5772: 863:; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name 7260: 5799: 5733: 4660: 4651: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4611: 4602: 4591: 4582: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4509: 4500: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4459: 4448: 4439: 4430: 4421: 4407: 4398: 4389: 4375: 4366: 4357: 4338: 4329: 4323: 4314: 4301: 4300:Married Jiang Qingchu of Tianshui, Duke Chu ( 4292: 4283: 4274: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4232: 4223: 4212: 4203: 4192: 4181: 4172: 4163: 4152: 4143: 4130: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4088: 4079: 4068: 4059: 4048: 4039: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3988: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3946: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3908: 3896: 3887: 3876: 3864: 3853: 3841: 3830: 3821: 3812: 3800: 3789: 3780: 3769: 3760: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3719:Pure Consort, of the Huangfu clan of Anding ( 3704: 3700:Noble Consort, of the Dong clan (貴妃董氏／贵妃董氏) 3692: 3672: 3663: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3620: 3600: 3591: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3553: 3544: 3532: 3520: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3068: 3062: 2969: 2943: 2909: 2903: 2890: 2876: 2870: 2838: 2832: 2791: 2785: 2755: 2712: 2706: 2684: 2667: 2655: 2627: 2599: 2571: 2543: 2512: 2488: 2465: 2437: 2406: 2371: 2335: 2131: 2091: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2029: 2010: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1975: 1969: 1939: 1910: 1900: 1858: 1821: 1811:, built during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. 1770: 1753: 1715: 1674: 1622: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1492: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1436: 1430: 1413: 1395: 1340: 1190: 1181: 1175: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1137: 1127: 1113: 1107: 1047: 1037: 1031: 1013: 991: 985: 979: 973: 967: 961: 931:in 685, during the first reign of his father 786: 712: 638: 564: 436: 338: 320: 301: 279: 270: 261: 239: 224: 57: 5856: 5793: 5373:day of the 4th month of the 2nd year of the 5341:day in the 8th month of the 1st year of the 5305:According to Tang Suzong's biography in the 3117:in 711), and exiled Gao, Wang, Wei, and Ru. 2233:(military governors), most of whom were non- 1627:), he also exiled a number of chancellors – 6238:, the envoy from Lingwu reached him on the 5883: 5249: 5247: 3444:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3198: 2269:six months later. Emperor Xuanzong fled to 2100:, to attack Balhae, along with forces from 999: 27:Emperor of the Tang dynasty from 713 to 756 7267: 7253: 7047: 6349: 6347: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6254: 6252: 6189: 6187: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5842:. Oxford University Press. pp. 311–. 5766: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5444:General note: Dates given here are in the 5301: 5299: 3958:Fairness Lady, of the Liu clan of Hedong ( 2221:At the same time, 751 saw the loss of the 1080:). In 710, he was recalled to the capital 419: 67: 7545:Chancellors under Emperor Ruizong of Tang 6946:"On the Southern Tang Imperial Genealogy" 6327:According to Xuanzong's biography in the 6232:According to Xuanzong's biography in the 6209:According to Xuanzong's biography in the 5829: 5653:According to Xuanzong's biography in the 5331:According to Xuanzong's biography in the 5311:, he assumed the throne at Lingwu on the 4532:Married Doulu Jian of Changli, Duke Rui ( 4518:, and had issue (five sons, one daughter) 3976:Married Wang Yao of Langya, Duke Langya ( 3576:; d. 761) in 735, and had issue (one son) 3464:Learn how and when to remove this message 1935:to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth. 1359: 6950:Journal of the American Oriental Society 5460: 5458: 5259:recorded that Tang Ruizong (by then the 5244: 3020: 2924: 2802: 2733: 2618:pacify the non-Han tribes in the region 2178: 2171: 2066: 1882: 1798: 1673:(military governor) of Longyou Circuit ( 1589: 1565: 1366: 1202: 425:"Xuanzong of Tang" in Chinese characters 7550:Chancellors under Emperor Shang of Tang 6363: 6344: 6284: 6268: 6249: 6184: 6159: 6043: 5994: 5939: 5741: 5662: 5620: 5597: 5581: 5565: 5549: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5327: 5325: 5296: 1229:to be placed above the Prince of Ping . 14: 7517: 6404:Outlines of the History of the Chinese 5730:Outlines of the History of the Chinese 5515: 5513: 5511: 5509: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4797: 4687: 4683: 4186:) in 737, and had issue (one daughter) 3659:, in 728, and had issue (one daughter) 3127:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period 2902:In 752, Wang Hong's brother Wang Han ( 1701:Meanwhile, the Tang relationship with 1694:Also in 714, Emperor Xuanzong created 1544:, and the military officer Li Shoude ( 1372:A Tributary Horse for Emperor Xuanzong 859: 498: 32:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (9th century) 7248: 5918:Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian 5808:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 5701:Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian 5455: 5213:Chinese emperors family tree (middle) 5123: 5065: 5062: 5052: 5039: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5009: 5006: 4996: 4983: 4973: 4969: 4957: 4954: 4944: 4931: 4921: 4917: 4896: 4886: 4873: 4863: 4859: 4847: 4841: 4831: 4815: 4805: 4801: 4785: 4779: 4769: 4753: 4743: 4739: 4727: 4721: 4711: 4695: 4691: 3016: 2607:Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern 2503:defend against the Xi and the Khitan 2414:Liang Prefecture (涼州, roughly modern 2184:Emperor Xuanzong's Journey to Sichuan 2104:, but the attack was not successful. 1874: 1714:killed in battle against the Bayegu ( 1279:In 711, Song and another chancellor, 7061:]. Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing. 6943: 5464: 5352: 5322: 4590:Married Wu Chengjiang, Duke Puyang ( 4374:Married Zhang Qushe, Count Fanyang ( 3759:Virtuous Consort, of the Qian clan ( 3442:adding citations to reliable sources 3409: 2551:Shan Prefecture (鄯州, roughly modern 2520:Ying Prefecture (營州, roughly modern 2445:Ling Prefecture (靈州, roughly modern 2276: 2037:In 730, the Khitan general Ketugan ( 1887:Emperor Xuanzong giving audience to 1581: 319:Emperor Zhidao Dasheng Daming Xiao ( 5506: 3799:Splendid Consort, of the Liu clan ( 3779:Elegant Consort, of the Zhao clan ( 3746:Married Zheng Qianyao of Xingyang ( 3157:genre, and which was translated by 2846: 2496:You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern 2058: 1988:), taking Wang's father Wang Shou ( 1796:Tashkent after they were defeated. 1779:. The attack on Aksu was joined by 1531:), his brother-in-law Wang Shouyi ( 1210:(Xuanzong), as imagined by painter 1186:) thereafter also joined the plot. 1046:the Prince of Yong, and Li Shouyi ( 24: 6990: 5108: 4897:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (685–762) 4273:Talented Lady, of the Chang clan ( 4222:Talented Lady, of the Zheng clan ( 3703:Noble Consort, of the Xiang clan ( 3088:), and the eunuchs Wang Cheng'en ( 2635:Fu Prefecture (福州, roughly modern 2579:Yi Prefecture (益州, roughly modern 2562:defend against the Tibetan Empire 25: 7611: 7138:Works by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 7131: 4266:) in 746, and had issue (one son) 4242:Talented Lady, of the Zhao clan ( 4202:Talented Lady, of the Chen clan ( 3982:) in 723, and had issue (one son) 2883:Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 2381:Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture 1919:at various points of the empire. 1208:The Summer Palace of Emperor Ming 1022:(Li Dan's having been reduced to 996:), who later became Taoist nuns. 956:, born of Emperor Ruizong's wife 7145: 5863:Christopher I. Beckwith (1993). 4162:Talented Lady, of the Yan clan ( 4142:Talented Lady, of the Liu clan ( 3414: 3178: 3165:and to Confucius' home state of 2265:, and then the imperial capital 1964:was also added as a chancellor. 1093:Coup against Empress Dowager Wei 397: 298:Emperor Kaiyuan Shengwen Shenwu 6984: 6978:10.7817/jameroriesoci.134.4.601 6962:10.7817/jameroriesoci.134.4.601 6937: 6921: 6905: 6889: 6873: 6857: 6841: 6825: 6809: 6793: 6777: 6761: 6745: 6729: 6713: 6697: 6681: 6665: 6649: 6633: 6617: 6601: 6585: 6569: 6553: 6537: 6521: 6505: 6489: 6473: 6457: 6441: 6425: 6409: 6396: 6379: 6321: 6305: 6226: 6203: 6128: 6117: 6105: 6093: 6078: 6028: 6019: 5981: 5968: 5923: 5910: 5722: 5706: 5693: 5647: 5531: 5487: 5413:day of that month. (甲寅，圣皇天帝崩.) 5235:in 712, who received the title 5199:Deep in the Realm of Conscience 4874:Lady Yang of Hongnong (579–670) 4541:Married Yang Shuo of Hongnong ( 4488:Married Cui Huitong of Qinghe ( 3998:Fairness Lady of the Gao clan ( 3820:Li Wan, Crown Prince Jinggong ( 3483:, of the Wang clan of Taiyuan ( 3169:, during the by-then long-gone 2241:, known for victories over the 1679:, headquartered in what is now 1595:Spring Outing of the Tang Court 1463:); the generals Chang Yuankai ( 1381:Emperor Xuanzong made his wife 838: 764: 690: 616: 542: 521: 86:8 September 712 – 12 August 756 7595:Three Hundred Tang Poems poets 6993:The Ageless Chinese: A History 5438: 5420: 5275: 5225: 4659:Married Xue Lüqian of Hedong ( 4508:Married Xiao Heng of Lanling ( 4116:Married Yang Fei of Hongnong ( 3671:Married Yang Dun of Hongnong ( 3570:Married Yang Hui of Hongnong ( 3069: 3063: 2877: 2871: 2839: 2833: 2713: 2685: 2656: 2628: 2572: 2466: 2092: 2002: 1996: 1911: 1905:). His position was filled by 1901: 1552: 1441:), a cousin of Tang's founder 1396: 1176: 1108: 817: 787: 743: 713: 702:Third alternative Chinese name 669: 639: 595: 565: 497: 481: 467: 437: 13: 1: 7470:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 6333:, he reached Chang'an on the 6136:"女性．帝王．賦家：唐「美麗」賦之書寫類型及其文化意蘊" 5836:Jonathan Karam Skaff (2012). 5409:indicate that he died on the 5393:month of the 1st year of the 5218: 4610:Married Pei Qiqiu of Hedong ( 4328:), personal name Chongniang ( 4129:Married Yang Qi of Hongnong ( 3599:Married Yang Qi of Hongnong ( 2479:defend against Eastern Tujue 2456:defend against Eastern Tujue 2168:the Prince of Zhong, in 738. 2043:) killed the king Li Shaogu ( 1960:on 15 May, and subsequently, 1519:), the officials Jiang Jiao ( 1354: 912: 7585:Emperors of the Tang dynasty 7535:8th-century Chinese monarchs 7276:Emperors of the Tang dynasty 5896:. iUniverse. pp. 277–. 5450:proleptic Gregorian calendar 4561:Married Yuan Qing of Henan ( 4291:Married Pei Jian of Hedong ( 4260:Married Guo Ye of Jingzhao ( 4180:Married Dugu Ming of Henan ( 3662:Married Pei Ying of Hedong ( 3579:Married Cui Song of Boling ( 3145:five-character-regular-verse 7: 7191:Emperor of the Tang dynasty 7144:(public domain audiobooks) 5471:Treasury of Chinese History 5281:Following the rebellion of 5206: 4673: 4438:Married Xue Tan of Hedong ( 4406:Married Xue Xiu of Hedong ( 4313:Lady, of the Caoyena clan ( 4038:Beauty, of the Zhong clan ( 3743:; d. 773), second daughter 2988:From now on, my edicts (敕, 2096:), the brother of Balhae's 919:List of family of Wu Zetian 198: 180:Imperial Noble Consort Yang 77:Emperor of the Tang dynasty 39:Tang Ming Huang (TV series) 10: 7616: 6944:Kurz, Johannes L. (2014). 5890:Marvin C. Whiting (2002). 5432:Collins English Dictionary 5007:Empress Zhaocheng (d. 693) 4911: 4791: 4685: 4596:), and had issue (one son) 4570:Married Su Zhen, Duke Qi ( 4297:), and had issue (one son) 4257:; 726–750), 22nd daughter 4078:Beauty, of the Wang clan ( 3905:Li Jing, Prince Ai of Bian 2992:) shall be referred to as 2854: 2762:senior-ranking concubine ( 2154:, for example, commented: 923:Li Longji was born at the 916: 43: 36: 29: 7540:8th-century Chinese poets 7419: 7410: 7282: 7229: 7219: 7207: 7197: 7188: 7180: 7175: 7157:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 7155: 6025:New Book of Tang, vol.132 5734: 5186:The Glory of Tang Dynasty 5046: 5027: 5023: 5015: 4990: 4971: 4963: 4938: 4919: 4915: 4880: 4861: 4853: 4825: 4803: 4799: 4763: 4741: 4733: 4705: 4689: 4661: 4652: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4612: 4603: 4592: 4583: 4572: 4563: 4554: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4510: 4501: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4460: 4449: 4447:Married Dou Ze of Henan ( 4440: 4431: 4422: 4408: 4399: 4390: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4339: 4330: 4324: 4315: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4275: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4233: 4224: 4213: 4204: 4193: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4153: 4144: 4131: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4089: 4080: 4069: 4060: 4049: 4040: 4027: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3989: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3947: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3909: 3897: 3888: 3877: 3865: 3854: 3842: 3831: 3822: 3813: 3801: 3790: 3781: 3770: 3761: 3748: 3739: 3730: 3721: 3705: 3693: 3673: 3664: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3621: 3601: 3592: 3581: 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3533: 3529:Li Min, Prince Ai of Huai 3521: 3509: 3501:; 699–737), third cousin 3497: 3485: 3405: 3132: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 2970: 2944: 2910: 2904: 2891: 2792: 2786: 2756: 2707: 2668: 2600: 2544: 2513: 2489: 2438: 2407: 2372: 2336: 2320:Name of circuit/district 2132: 2072:Xuanzong's Journey to Shu 2051: 2045: 2039: 2030: 2011: 1990: 1976: 1970: 1940: 1859: 1822: 1771: 1754: 1716: 1675: 1623: 1597:, by Xuanzong era artist 1558: 1546: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1493: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1437: 1431: 1414: 1341: 1191: 1182: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1138: 1128: 1114: 1048: 1038: 1032: 1014: 992: 986: 980: 974: 968: 962: 849: 831: 824: 810: 803: 798: 794: 780: 775: 757: 750: 736: 729: 724: 720: 706: 701: 683: 676: 662: 655: 650: 646: 632: 627: 609: 602: 588: 581: 576: 572: 558: 553: 535: 528: 514: 507: 490: 474: 460: 453: 448: 444: 430: 418: 414: 409: 393: 385: 375: 363: 351: 339: 336: 329: 321: 318: 311: 302: 297: 290: 280: 271: 262: 256: 251: 240: 225: 213: 208: 204: 191: 148: 127: 114: 110: 100: 90: 82: 75: 66: 58: 53: 7555:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 5776:Insight Guides Silk Road 5466: 4098:Beauty, of the Du clan ( 4058:Beauty, of the Lu clan ( 4025:Married Dou E of Henan ( 3936:Married Cheng Changyin ( 3505:Li Yi, Prince Dao of Xia 3199:Chancellors during reign 3171:Spring and Autumn period 3140:Three Hundred Tang Poems 1807:, one of China's oldest 1042:) the Prince of Yifeng, 1000:During Wu Zetian's reign 856:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 410:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 54:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 44:Not to be confused with 7184:Emperor Ruizong of Tang 6997:Charles Scribner's Sons 5773:Insight Guides (2017). 5738:), vol. 2, pp. 544–546. 5149:The Legend of Lady Yang 4781:Emperor Ruizong of Tang 4723:Emperor Gaozong of Tang 4697:Emperor Taizong of Tang 3895:Li Xuan, Prince Liang ( 3788:Li Ying, Crown Prince ( 3027:Pucheng County, Shaanxi 1509:for Emperor Xuanzong), 990:) and Princess Yuzhen ( 7590:Tang dynasty musicians 7201:Emperor Suzong of Tang 6406:, vol. 2, pp. 550–552. 5800:René Grousset (1970). 5448:. They are not in the 5136:Princess Yang Kwei Fei 4231:Li Tian, Prince Heng ( 4211:Li Gong, Prince Feng ( 4067:Li Huang, Prince Xin ( 4007:Li Jiao, Prince Ying ( 3143:, in the style of the 3029: 3002: 2934: 2812: 2746: 2323:Headquarters location 2195: 2161: 2079: 1896: 1812: 1732:) and the Tang vassal 1602: 1601:, 8th century original 1378: 1231: 1215: 6124:从"花鸟使"说起（325）_慧心_新浪博客 4955:Dou Xiaochen (d. 693) 4157:; d. 737), eighth son 4151:Li Ju, Prince Guang ( 4087:Li Gui, Prince Chen ( 3794:; d. 737), second son 3774:; d. 752), fourth son 3689:Yang clan of Hongnong 3655:), the second son of 3637:; 711–762), third son 3617:Yang clan of Hongnong 3552:Li Qi, Prince Sheng ( 3513:; 716–717), ninth son 3024: 2986: 2928: 2807:Tang territories and 2806: 2741:mounting a horse, by 2737: 2711:), and Yang Shenjin ( 2343:Qiuzi (龜茲, in modern 2182: 2156: 2070: 1886: 1805:Great Mosque of Xi'an 1802: 1593: 1370: 1226: 1206: 7600:Writers from Luoyang 7565:Musicians from Henan 7034:, et al., eds. 新唐書 ( 4514:; d. 747), a son of 4429:Princess Changshan ( 4397:Princess Tangchang ( 4251:Princess Shouguang ( 4197:; 725–784), 24th son 4122:; d. 756), a son of 4093:; 725–784), 25th son 4073:; 725–774), 23rd son 4047:Li Huan, Prince Ji ( 4013:; 718–783), 13th son 3987:Li Bin, Prince Yan ( 3927:Princess Guangning ( 3826:; d. 755), sixth son 3817:; d. 752), first son 3811:, Emperor Fengtian ( 3734:; d. 737), fifth son 3549:; 720–775), 18th son 3537:; 719–720), 15th son 3476:Consorts and issue: 3438:improve this section 3191:Ode on Pied Wagtails 1777:Battle of Aksu (717) 48:, the Buddhist monk. 7224:(Central/Northern) 6991:Li, Dun J. (1965). 5703:, vol. 51, Preface. 5503:, vol. 52, preface. 5173:Lady of the Dynasty 4630:Married Wen Xihua ( 4601:Princess Yongning ( 4552:Princess Zhenyang ( 4499:Princess Xinchang ( 4403:), fourth daughter 4371:), second daughter 4365:Princess Changfen ( 4217:; d. 763), 26th son 4171:Princess Xincheng ( 4053:; d. 768), 22nd son 3993:; d. 784), 20th son 3945:Married Su Kezhen ( 3913:; d. 736), 30th son 3901:; d. 774), 29th son 3881:; d. 757), 16th son 3835:; d. 765), 12th son 3829:Li Sui, Prince Yi ( 3768:Li Yan, Prince Di ( 3646:), eighth daughter 3622:元獻皇后弘農楊氏/元献皇后弘农杨氏 3558:; d. 764), 21st son 2869:'s king Geluofeng ( 2857:An Lushan Rebellion 2527:defend against the 2390:defend against the 2379:Beiting (in modern 1573:Emperor Xuanzong's 1383:Crown Princess Wang 1112:) and Ye Jingneng ( 907:An Lushan rebellion 7011:et al., eds. 舊唐書 ( 5124:In popular culture 4984:Princess Xiangyang 4650:Princess Lecheng ( 4639:Married Yang Hui ( 4435:), sixth daughter 4418:Princess Lingchang 4386:Princess Xiaochang 4322:Princess Shou'an ( 4282:Princess Xinping ( 4191:Li Ci, Prince Yi ( 4107:Princess Wanchun ( 4016:Princess Changle ( 3973:), first daughter 3728:Li Yao, Prince E ( 3685:Noble Consort Yang 3649:Married Zhang Ji ( 3631:, Emperor Suzong ( 3517:Princess Shangxian 3495:, of the Wu clan ( 3151:) form and in the 3030: 3017:As retired emperor 2935: 2813: 2747: 2522:Chaoyang, Liaoning 2329:Garrison strength 2196: 2080: 1897: 1813: 1748:and former Soviet 1603: 1525:) and Li Lingwen ( 1379: 1216: 1180:), and Li Xianfu ( 1020:Crown Princess Liu 978:), and Li Longti ( 960:, and Li Chengyi ( 937:Empress Dowager Wu 183:(m. 745; died 756) 175:(m. 710; died 729) 159:(m. 693; died 725) 7512: 7511: 7243: 7242: 7230:Succeeded by 7198:Succeeded by 5903:978-0-595-22134-9 5849:978-0-19-999627-8 5819:978-0-8135-1304-1 5786:978-1-78671-699-6 5285:, Xuanzong's son 5161:Whatever it Takes 5105: 5104: 4932:Dou Dan (580–648) 4656:), 23rd daughter 4627:), 19th daughter 4607:), 17th daughter 4538:; 706–744) in 737 4485:), 11th daughter 4458:Princess Wan'an ( 4426:), fifth daughter 4394:), third daughter 4380:; 688–747) in 731 4354:Li Xun, Prince An 3737:Princess Linjin ( 3596:), 21st daughter 3590:Princess Taihua ( 3561:Princess Xianyi ( 3474: 3473: 3466: 2790:) and Pei Dunfu ( 2702: 2701: 2214:) and the eunuch 1738:Umayyad Caliphate 1146:, and Ma Sizong ( 853: 852: 845: 844: 805:Standard Mandarin 771: 770: 731:Standard Mandarin 697: 696: 657:Standard Mandarin 623: 622: 583:Standard Mandarin 549: 548: 522:Tong4 Jyun4-zung1 483:T'ang Hsüan-tsung 455:Standard Mandarin 405: 404: 389:Empress Zhaocheng 347: 346: 16:(Redirected from 7607: 7575:Poets from Henan 7414: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7246: 7245: 7222:Emperor of China 7210:Emperor of China 7181:Preceded by 7171: 7153: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7062: 7037:New Book of Tang 7014:Old Book of Tang 7001: 7000: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6941: 6935: 6928:New Book of Tang 6925: 6919: 6912:New Book of Tang 6909: 6903: 6896:New Book of Tang 6893: 6887: 6880:Old Book of Tang 6877: 6871: 6864:Old Book of Tang 6861: 6855: 6848:New Book of Tang 6845: 6839: 6832:New Book of Tang 6829: 6823: 6816:Old Book of Tang 6813: 6807: 6800:New Book of Tang 6797: 6791: 6784:New Book of Tang 6781: 6775: 6768:New Book of Tang 6765: 6759: 6752:New Book of Tang 6749: 6743: 6736:New Book of Tang 6733: 6727: 6720:New Book of Tang 6717: 6711: 6704:New Book of Tang 6701: 6695: 6688:New Book of Tang 6685: 6679: 6672:New Book of Tang 6669: 6663: 6656:New Book of Tang 6653: 6647: 6640:New Book of Tang 6637: 6631: 6624:New Book of Tang 6621: 6615: 6608:New Book of Tang 6605: 6599: 6592:New Book of Tang 6589: 6583: 6576:New Book of Tang 6573: 6567: 6560:New Book of Tang 6557: 6551: 6544:New Book of Tang 6541: 6535: 6528:New Book of Tang 6525: 6519: 6512:New Book of Tang 6509: 6503: 6496:New Book of Tang 6493: 6487: 6480:New Book of Tang 6477: 6471: 6464:New Book of Tang 6461: 6455: 6448:New Book of Tang 6445: 6439: 6432:New Book of Tang 6429: 6423: 6416:New Book of Tang 6413: 6407: 6400: 6394: 6387:Old Book of Tang 6383: 6377: 6367: 6361: 6351: 6342: 6339:Old Book of Tang 6330:Old Book of Tang 6325: 6319: 6312:Old Book of Tang 6309: 6303: 6293: 6282: 6272: 6266: 6256: 6247: 6244:Old Book of Tang 6235:Old Book of Tang 6230: 6224: 6221:Old Book of Tang 6212:Old Book of Tang 6207: 6201: 6191: 6182: 6172: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6147: 6141:. Archived from 6140: 6132: 6126: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6091: 6085:Old Book of Tang 6082: 6076: 6066: 6041: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6017: 6007: 5992: 5989:Old Book of Tang 5985: 5979: 5976:Old Book of Tang 5972: 5966: 5956: 5937: 5930:Old Book of Tang 5927: 5921: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5807: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5770: 5764: 5754: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5726: 5720: 5713:New Book of Tang 5710: 5704: 5697: 5691: 5681: 5660: 5656:Old Book of Tang 5651: 5645: 5635: 5618: 5608: 5595: 5585: 5579: 5569: 5563: 5553: 5547: 5539:New Book of Tang 5535: 5529: 5521:Old Book of Tang 5517: 5504: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5462: 5453: 5442: 5436: 5424: 5418: 5399:New Book of Tang 5366:Old Book of Tang 5361: 5350: 5347:Old Book of Tang 5334:Old Book of Tang 5329: 5320: 5317:Old Book of Tang 5308:Old Book of Tang 5303: 5294: 5279: 5273: 5251: 5242: 5229: 4679: 4678: 4665:; d. 761) in 746 4664: 4663: 4655: 4654: 4644: 4643: 4635: 4634: 4626: 4625: 4615: 4614: 4606: 4605: 4595: 4594: 4586: 4585: 4575: 4574: 4566: 4565: 4557: 4556: 4546: 4545: 4537: 4536: 4528: 4527: 4513: 4512: 4504: 4503: 4493: 4492: 4484: 4483: 4475: 4474: 4463: 4462: 4452: 4451: 4444:; d. 728) in 728 4443: 4442: 4434: 4433: 4425: 4424: 4412:; d. 737) in 728 4411: 4410: 4402: 4401: 4393: 4392: 4379: 4378: 4370: 4369: 4361: 4360: 4342: 4341: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4318: 4317: 4306:; d. 767) in 751 4305: 4304: 4296: 4295: 4287: 4286: 4278: 4277: 4265: 4264: 4256: 4255: 4247: 4246: 4236: 4235: 4227: 4226: 4216: 4215: 4207: 4206: 4196: 4195: 4185: 4184: 4176: 4175: 4167: 4166: 4156: 4155: 4147: 4146: 4134: 4133: 4121: 4120: 4112: 4111: 4103: 4102: 4092: 4091: 4083: 4082: 4072: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4052: 4051: 4043: 4042: 4030: 4029: 4021: 4020: 4012: 4011: 4003: 4002: 3992: 3991: 3981: 3980: 3972: 3971: 3963: 3962: 3950: 3949: 3941: 3940: 3932: 3931: 3923: 3922: 3912: 3911: 3900: 3899: 3892:), third cousin 3891: 3890: 3880: 3879: 3868: 3867: 3857: 3856: 3845: 3844: 3834: 3833: 3825: 3824: 3816: 3815: 3804: 3803: 3793: 3792: 3784: 3783: 3773: 3772: 3764: 3763: 3751: 3750: 3742: 3741: 3733: 3732: 3724: 3723: 3713:Unnamed daughter 3708: 3707: 3696: 3695: 3676: 3675: 3667: 3666: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3644: 3636: 3635: 3624: 3623: 3613:Empress Yuanxian 3604: 3603: 3595: 3594: 3584: 3583: 3575: 3574: 3566: 3565: 3557: 3556: 3548: 3547: 3536: 3535: 3524: 3523: 3512: 3511: 3500: 3499: 3493:Empress Zhenshun 3488: 3487: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3418: 3410: 3182: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3080: 3072: 3071: 3067:) and Zhang Ji ( 3066: 3065: 2973: 2972: 2947: 2946: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2894: 2893: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2759: 2758: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2688: 2687: 2671: 2670: 2659: 2658: 2631: 2630: 2603: 2602: 2575: 2574: 2547: 2546: 2516: 2515: 2492: 2491: 2469: 2468: 2441: 2440: 2410: 2409: 2375: 2374: 2339: 2338: 2317: 2316: 2314:, and Dongmou): 2135: 2134: 2095: 2094: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2033: 2032: 2014: 2013: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1992: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1972: 1943: 1942: 1914: 1913: 1904: 1903: 1862: 1861: 1825: 1824: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1757: 1756: 1719: 1718: 1678: 1677: 1626: 1625: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1496: 1495: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1449: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1417: 1416: 1399: 1398: 1344: 1343: 1242:Princess Taiping 1194: 1193: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1162: 1158:) and Gao Song ( 1157: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1141: 1140: 1136:, Wang Chongye ( 1131: 1130: 1120:Princess Taiping 1117: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1051: 1050: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1017: 1016: 995: 994: 989: 988: 983: 982: 977: 976: 971: 970: 965: 964: 927:eastern capital 862: 841: 840: 820: 819: 796: 795: 790: 789: 767: 766: 765:mjæng ɦwang-teiH 746: 745: 722: 721: 716: 715: 693: 692: 672: 671: 648: 647: 642: 641: 619: 618: 617:dang mjæng-ɦwang 598: 597: 574: 573: 568: 567: 545: 544: 543:dang ɦwen-tswong 524: 523: 503: 502: 501: 486: 485: 484: 470: 469: 446: 445: 440: 439: 423: 407: 406: 401: 342: 341: 324: 323: 307: 305: 304: 283: 282: 274: 273: 265: 264: 243: 242: 228: 227: 206: 205: 184: 176: 172:Empress Yuanxian 168: 164:Empress Zhenshun 160: 134: 71: 62: 61: 60: 51: 50: 21: 7615: 7614: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7278: 7273: 7239: 7226: 7214: 7212:(most regions) 7203: 7194: 7186: 7170:8 September 685 7166: 7165: 7158: 7146: 7134: 7051:, ed. (1956) . 7005: 7004: 6989: 6985: 6942: 6938: 6926: 6922: 6910: 6906: 6894: 6890: 6878: 6874: 6862: 6858: 6846: 6842: 6830: 6826: 6814: 6810: 6798: 6794: 6782: 6778: 6766: 6762: 6750: 6746: 6734: 6730: 6718: 6714: 6702: 6698: 6686: 6682: 6670: 6666: 6654: 6650: 6638: 6634: 6622: 6618: 6606: 6602: 6590: 6586: 6574: 6570: 6558: 6554: 6542: 6538: 6526: 6522: 6510: 6506: 6494: 6490: 6478: 6474: 6462: 6458: 6446: 6442: 6430: 6426: 6414: 6410: 6402:E.g., Bo Yang, 6401: 6397: 6384: 6380: 6368: 6364: 6352: 6345: 6326: 6322: 6310: 6306: 6294: 6285: 6273: 6269: 6257: 6250: 6231: 6227: 6208: 6204: 6192: 6185: 6173: 6160: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6138: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6098: 6094: 6083: 6079: 6067: 6044: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6008: 5995: 5986: 5982: 5973: 5969: 5957: 5940: 5928: 5924: 5920:, vol. 51, 722. 5915: 5911: 5904: 5888: 5884: 5877: 5861: 5857: 5850: 5834: 5830: 5820: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5771: 5767: 5755: 5742: 5727: 5723: 5711: 5707: 5698: 5694: 5682: 5663: 5652: 5648: 5636: 5621: 5609: 5598: 5586: 5582: 5570: 5566: 5554: 5550: 5536: 5532: 5518: 5507: 5498:Edition of the 5492: 5488: 5481: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5446:Julian calendar 5443: 5439: 5425: 5421: 5362: 5353: 5330: 5323: 5304: 5297: 5280: 5276: 5252: 5245: 5233:Emperor Ruizong 5230: 5226: 5221: 5209: 5126: 5111: 5109:Religious views 5106: 4676: 4621:Princess Song ( 4468:Princess Huaisi 4337:Married Su Fa ( 3961:婕妤河東柳氏／婕妤河东柳氏 3875:, Prince Yong ( 3850:Princess Yichun 3694:貴妃弘農楊氏／贵妃弘农杨氏 3543:, Prince Shou ( 3498:貞順皇后武氏／贞顺皇后武氏 3470: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3435: 3419: 3408: 3403: 3201: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3183: 3135: 3094:) and Wei Yue ( 3019: 2897:Battle of Talas 2859: 2853: 2837:) and Yang Qi ( 2356:Western Regions 2345:Aksu Prefecture 2326:Responsibility 2283: 2255:Anshi Rebellion 2229:Meanwhile, the 2223:Battle of Talas 2190:painting after 2177: 2065: 1881: 1762: 1703:Qapaghan Qaghan 1588: 1571: 1484:gastrodia elata 1475:), and Li Qin ( 1451:), Jia Yingfu ( 1365: 1357: 1201: 1122:. The official 1095: 1070:Weiwei Shaoqing 1062: 1028:lady-in-waiting 1006:empress regnant 1002: 941:empress dowager 933:Emperor Ruizong 921: 915: 482: 426: 380:Emperor Ruizong 313:Posthumous name 299: 286: 247: 187: 182: 174: 166: 158: 144:), Tang dynasty 136: 132: 119: 118:8 September 685 95:Emperor Ruizong 56: 55: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7613: 7603: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7510: 7509: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7325: 7320: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7272: 7271: 7264: 7257: 7249: 7241: 7240: 7231: 7228: 7217: 7216: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7196: 7187: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7176:Regnal titles 7173: 7172: 7159: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7133: 7132:External links 7130: 7129: 7128: 7058:Zizhi Tongjian 7045: 7025: 7003: 7002: 6999:. p. 373. 6983: 6956:(4): 601–620. 6936: 6920: 6904: 6888: 6872: 6856: 6840: 6824: 6808: 6792: 6776: 6760: 6744: 6728: 6712: 6696: 6680: 6664: 6648: 6632: 6616: 6600: 6584: 6568: 6552: 6536: 6520: 6504: 6488: 6472: 6456: 6440: 6424: 6408: 6395: 6378: 6370:Zizhi Tongjian 6362: 6354:Zizhi Tongjian 6343: 6320: 6304: 6296:Zizhi Tongjian 6283: 6275:Zizhi Tongjian 6267: 6259:Zizhi Tongjian 6248: 6225: 6202: 6194:Zizhi Tongjian 6183: 6175:Zizhi Tongjian 6158: 6127: 6116: 6104: 6092: 6077: 6069:Zizhi Tongjian 6042: 6027: 6018: 6010:Zizhi Tongjian 5993: 5980: 5967: 5959:Zizhi Tongjian 5938: 5922: 5909: 5902: 5882: 5875: 5855: 5848: 5828: 5818: 5792: 5785: 5765: 5757:Zizhi Tongjian 5740: 5721: 5705: 5692: 5684:Zizhi Tongjian 5661: 5646: 5638:Zizhi Tongjian 5619: 5611:Zizhi Tongjian 5596: 5588:Zizhi Tongjian 5580: 5572:Zizhi Tongjian 5564: 5556:Zizhi Tongjian 5548: 5530: 5505: 5500:Zizhi Tongjian 5486: 5479: 5454: 5437: 5419: 5383:Zizhi Tongjian 5351: 5321: 5295: 5287:Emperor Suzong 5274: 5261:Taishang Huang 5256:Zizhi Tongjian 5253:Volume 210 of 5243: 5238:Taishang Huang 5223: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5215: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5190: 5177: 5164: 5153: 5140: 5125: 5122: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4843:Empress Zetian 4840: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4637: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4599: 4598: 4597: 4581:Princess Chu ( 4579: 4578: 4577: 4568: 4550: 4549: 4548: 4539: 4523:Princess Wei ( 4521: 4520: 4519: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4479:Princess Jin ( 4477: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4454: 4445: 4427: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4395: 4383: 4382: 4381: 4363: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4298: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4127: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4014: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3943: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3902: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3827: 3818: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3735: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3701: 3698: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3669: 3660: 3638: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3577: 3559: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3514: 3490: 3472: 3471: 3422: 3420: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3280:(716, 720–729) 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3256:(713, 721–726) 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3185: 3184: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3134: 3131: 3018: 3015: 2998:Taishang Huang 2981:Taishang Huang 2940:Feng Changqing 2855:Main article: 2852: 2845: 2809:Tang provinces 2700: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2664:Lai Prefecture 2661: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2633: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2605: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2577: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2549: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2525: 2518: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2494: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2471: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2443: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2412: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2388: 2377: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2352: 2341: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2282: 2275: 2243:Tibetan Empire 2176: 2170: 2151:Zizhi Tongjian 2064: 2057: 1880: 1873: 1760:Zhang Xiaosong 1744:(i.e., modern 1660:Tibetan Empire 1587: 1580: 1570: 1564: 1364: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1348:Taishang Huang 1200: 1197: 1134:Zhong Shaojing 1094: 1091: 1061: 1058: 1001: 998: 972:), Li Longye ( 914: 911: 905:ending in the 901:, with Tang's 851: 850: 847: 846: 843: 842: 835: 833:Middle Chinese 829: 828: 826:Middle Chinese 822: 821: 814: 808: 807: 801: 800: 799:Transcriptions 792: 791: 784: 778: 777: 773: 772: 769: 768: 761: 759:Middle Chinese 755: 754: 752:Middle Chinese 748: 747: 740: 734: 733: 727: 726: 725:Transcriptions 718: 717: 710: 704: 703: 699: 698: 695: 694: 687: 685:Middle Chinese 681: 680: 678:Middle Chinese 674: 673: 666: 660: 659: 653: 652: 651:Transcriptions 644: 643: 636: 630: 629: 625: 624: 621: 620: 613: 611:Middle Chinese 607: 606: 604:Middle Chinese 600: 599: 596:Táng Mínghuáng 592: 586: 585: 579: 578: 577:Transcriptions 570: 569: 562: 556: 555: 554:Tang Minghuang 551: 550: 547: 546: 539: 537:Middle Chinese 533: 532: 530:Middle Chinese 526: 525: 518: 512: 511: 509:Yue: Cantonese 505: 504: 494: 488: 487: 478: 472: 471: 464: 458: 457: 451: 450: 449:Transcriptions 442: 441: 434: 428: 427: 424: 416: 415: 412: 411: 403: 402: 395: 391: 390: 387: 383: 382: 377: 373: 372: 367: 361: 360: 355: 349: 348: 345: 344: 334: 333: 327: 326: 316: 315: 309: 308: 295: 294: 288: 287: 285: 284: 276: 267: 257: 254: 253: 249: 248: 246: 245: 230: 214: 211: 210: 202: 201: 195: 189: 188: 186: 185: 177: 169: 161: 152: 150: 146: 145: 135:(aged 76) 129: 125: 124: 123:, Tang dynasty 116: 112: 111: 108: 107: 105:Emperor Suzong 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 73: 72: 64: 63: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7612: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7418: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7277: 7270: 7265: 7263: 7258: 7256: 7251: 7250: 7247: 7238: 7234: 7225: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7211: 7206: 7202: 7193: 7192: 7185: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7163: 7154: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7043: 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6199: 6195: 6190: 6188: 6180: 6176: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6148:on 2018-06-23 6144: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6070: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6040: 6036: 6031: 6022: 6015: 6011: 6006: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5990: 5984: 5977: 5971: 5964: 5960: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5919: 5913: 5905: 5899: 5895: 5894: 5886: 5878: 5876:0-691-02469-3 5872: 5868: 5867: 5859: 5851: 5845: 5841: 5840: 5832: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5805: 5796: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5769: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5731: 5725: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5658: 5657: 5650: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5577: 5573: 5568: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5534: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5490: 5482: 5476: 5472: 5461: 5459: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5407:Books of Tang 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5302: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5192:Portrayed by 5191: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5179:Portrayed by 5178: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5166:Portrayed by 5165: 5162: 5158: 5155:Portrayed by 5154: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5142:Portrayed by 5141: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5131:Masayuki Mori 5129:Portrayed by 5128: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5049: 5044: 5043: 5040:Pang Tongshan 5037: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5012: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4960: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4844: 4839: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4788: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4755:Empress Wende 4751: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4730: 4724: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4681: 4680: 4662:河東薛履謙／河东薛履谦 4658: 4657: 4649: 4638: 4629: 4628: 4620: 4613:河東裴齊丘／河东裴齐丘 4609: 4608: 4600: 4589: 4588: 4580: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4551: 4540: 4535:昌黎豆盧建／昌黎豆卢建 4531: 4530: 4522: 4517: 4507: 4506: 4498: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4469: 4466: 4457: 4446: 4437: 4436: 4428: 4419: 4416: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4387: 4384: 4373: 4372: 4364: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4321: 4320: 4312: 4299: 4290: 4289: 4281: 4280: 4272: 4259: 4258: 4250: 4249: 4241: 4230: 4229: 4221: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4190: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4169: 4161: 4150: 4149: 4141: 4128: 4125: 4124:Yang Guozhong 4115: 4114: 4106: 4105: 4097: 4086: 4085: 4077: 4066: 4065: 4057: 4046: 4045: 4037: 4024: 4023: 4015: 4006: 4005: 3997: 3986: 3975: 3974: 3967:Princess Qi ( 3966: 3965: 3957: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3925: 3917: 3906: 3903: 3894: 3893: 3885: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3862: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3839: 3828: 3819: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3798: 3787: 3786: 3778: 3767: 3766: 3758: 3749:滎陽鄭潛曜／荥阳郑潜曜 3745: 3744: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3702: 3699: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3670: 3661: 3658: 3648: 3647: 3640:Princess Qi ( 3639: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3598: 3597: 3589: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3560: 3551: 3542: 3539: 3534:懷哀王李敏／怀哀王李敏 3530: 3527: 3518: 3515: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3491: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3477: 3468: 3465: 3457: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3423:This section 3421: 3417: 3412: 3411: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3380:Yang Guozhong 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3350:Zhang Jiuling 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3326:Pei Guangting 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3296:Zhang Jiazhen 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3242:Xiao Zhizhong 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3192: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159:Witter Bynner 3156: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3130: 3128: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3074: 3058: 3055: 3054:Son of Heaven 3051: 3047: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2941: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2915: 2900: 2898: 2888: 2884: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2850: 2844: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2765: 2753: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2730: 2725: 2723: 2718: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2665: 2662: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2476:Municipality 2475: 2472: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2280: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2212:Yang Guozhong 2209: 2205: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2175:era (742–756) 2174: 2169: 2167: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2117:Zhang Jiuling 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2056: 2035: 2026: 2025:Pei Guangting 2021: 2016: 2007: 1987: 1983: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1918: 1908: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1878: 1872: 1870: 1864: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1848:Zhang Jiazhen 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1819: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1766: 1761: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1569:era (713–741) 1568: 1563: 1543: 1540: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1457:), Tang Jun ( 1444: 1443:Emperor Gaozu 1428: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1363:era (712–713) 1362: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1258:Xiao Zhizhong 1255: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1230: 1225: 1222: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1196: 1187: 1173: 1145: 1135: 1125: 1121: 1104: 1100: 1099:Princess Anle 1090: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1045: 1030:Wei Tuan'er ( 1029: 1025: 1021: 1011: 1007: 997: 959: 955: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 920: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895:Yang Guozhong 892: 887: 883: 879: 874: 870: 866: 861: 857: 848: 836: 834: 830: 827: 823: 815: 813: 809: 806: 802: 797: 793: 785: 783: 779: 774: 762: 760: 756: 753: 749: 741: 739: 735: 732: 728: 723: 719: 711: 709: 705: 700: 688: 686: 682: 679: 675: 667: 665: 661: 658: 654: 649: 645: 637: 635: 631: 626: 614: 612: 608: 605: 601: 593: 591: 587: 584: 580: 575: 571: 563: 561: 557: 552: 540: 538: 534: 531: 527: 519: 517: 513: 510: 506: 500: 495: 493: 489: 479: 477: 473: 468:Táng Xuánzōng 465: 463: 459: 456: 452: 447: 443: 435: 433: 429: 422: 417: 413: 408: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 381: 378: 374: 371: 368: 366: 362: 359: 356: 354: 350: 335: 332: 328: 317: 314: 310: 296: 293: 289: 277: 268: 259: 258: 255: 250: 237: 235: 231: 222: 220: 216: 215: 212: 207: 203: 200: 199:§ Family 196: 194: 190: 181: 178: 173: 170: 165: 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Dynasties 7454:S. Dynasties 7333: 7220: 7208: 7189: 7167: 7160: 7056: 7052: 7035: 7012: 6995:. New York: 6992: 6986: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6403: 6398: 6386: 6381: 6369: 6365: 6353: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6323: 6311: 6307: 6295: 6274: 6270: 6258: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6228: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6205: 6193: 6174: 6150:. 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742–756) 232: 217: 156:Empress Wang 7580:Sororicides 7450:16 Kingdoms 7330:(2nd reign) 7319:(2nd reign) 7162:House of Li 5916:See, e.g., 5699:See, e.g., 5493:See, e.g., 5427:"Xuan Zong" 5389:day of the 4544:弘農楊說／弘农杨说 4511:蘭陵蕭衡／兰陵箫衡 4441:河東薛譚／河东薛谭 4409:河東薛銹／河东薛锈 4294:河東裴玪／河东裴玪 4237:), 27th son 4234:恆王李瑱／恒王李瑱 4214:豐王李珙／丰王李珙 4194:義王李玼／义王李玼 4132:弘農楊錡／弘农杨锜 4119:弘農楊朏／弘农杨朏 4113:; 732–770) 4090:陳王李珪／陈王李珪 4050:濟王李環／济王李环 4028:河南竇鍔／河南窦锷 4010:潁王李璬／颍王李璬 4004:; 694–739) 3832:儀王李璲／仪王李璲 3802:華妃劉氏／华妃刘氏 3785:; 693–726) 3782:麗妃趙氏／丽妃赵氏 3725:; 694–735) 3706:貴妃項氏／贵妃项氏 3674:弘農楊敦／弘农杨敦 3665:河東裴潁／河东裴颍 3634:肅宗李亨／肃宗李亨 3625:; 699–729) 3602:弘農楊錡／弘农杨锜 3573:弘農楊洄／弘农杨洄 3567:; 722–784) 3546:壽王李瑁／寿王李瑁 3344:Pei Yaoqing 3308:Li Yuanhong 3266:Lu Huaishen 2933:(1543–1590) 2931:Kanō Eitoku 2745:(1235–1305) 2739:Yang Yuhuan 2354:pacify the 2304:Gao Xianzhi 2247:Gao Xianzhi 2204:Yang Guifei 2113:Pei Yaoqing 1958:Li Yuanhong 1895:(1254–1327) 1763: [ 1615:Lu Huaishen 1605:Meanwhile, 1445:), Li You ( 1281:Yao Yuanzhi 1274:Xuanwu Gate 1172:Chen Xuanli 1103:Li Chongmao 1087:Empress Wei 958:Empress Liu 331:Temple name 292:Regnal name 219:Family name 133:(762-05-03) 91:Predecessor 18:Tianbao era 7530:762 deaths 7525:685 births 7519:Categories 7442:3 Kingdoms 7049:Sima Guang 7028:Ouyang Xiu 6385:E.g., see 6152:2014-12-30 5480:9622316670 5319:, vol. 10. 5219:References 5157:Benny Chan 4303:天水姜慶初／姜庆初 4288:; d. 775) 4183:河南獨孤明／独孤明 3942:; 725–784) 3697:; 719–756) 3386:Wei Jiansu 3374:Chen Xilie 3362:Niu Xianke 3332:Yuwen Rong 3214:(712, 713) 3212:Liu Youqiu 2958:Li Guangbi 2920:Wei Jiansu 2778:Chen Xilie 2770:consort Wu 2146:Sima Guang 2144:historian 2138:Niu Xianke 2088:Dae Mun-ye 1946:Yuwen Rong 1925:Consort Wu 1917:North Star 1855:Consort Wu 1789:Uch Turfan 1599:Zhang Xuan 1503:Cui Riyong 1499:Zhang Shuo 1469:), Li Ci ( 1429:, Li Jin ( 1355:As emperor 1318:Liu Youqiu 1238:Liu Youqiu 1235:chancellor 1144:Liu Youqiu 1124:Cui Riyong 954:Li Chengqi 917:See also: 913:Background 903:golden age 818:Lǐ Sānláng 776:Li Sanlang 476:Wade–Giles 337:Xuanzong ( 275:; 713–741) 266:; 712–713) 260:Xiantian ( 234:Given name 167:(died 737) 7560:Filicides 7317:Zhongzong 7312:Wu Zetian 7302:Zhongzong 7233:An Lushan 6970:0003-0279 6341:, vol. 9. 6246:, vol. 9. 6223:, vol. 9. 5824:aksu 717. 5728:Bo Yang, 5417:, vol.06. 5375:Shangyuan 5343:Chui'gong 5283:An Lushan 5194:Steven Ma 5118:Nestorian 5063:Lady Pang 4845:(624–705) 4819:(577–635) 4817:Wu Shiyue 4783:(662–716) 4757:(601–636) 4725:(628–683) 4699:(598–649) 4653:樂城公主／乐城公主 4604:永寧公主／永宁公主 4555:真陽公主／真阳公主 4516:Xiao Song 4473:懷思公主／怀思公主 4461:萬安公主／万安公主 4423:靈昌公主／灵昌公主 4325:壽安公主／寿安公主 4254:壽光公主／寿光公主 4145:才人劉氏／刘氏 4110:萬春公主／万春公主 4019:昌樂公主／昌乐公主 3930:廣寧公主／广宁公主 3740:臨晉公主／临晋公主 3687:, of the 3657:Zhang Yue 3615:, of the 3593:太華公主／太华公主 3489:; d. 724) 3454:July 2021 3425:does not 3398:Fang Guan 3388:(754–756) 3382:(752–756) 3376:(746–754) 3370:(742–746) 3368:Li Shizhi 3364:(736–742) 3358:(734–752) 3352:(733–736) 3346:(733–736) 3328:(729–733) 3322:(728–733) 3320:Xiao Song 3316:(726–729) 3310:(726–729) 3298:(720–723) 3292:(716–720) 3286:(716–720) 3284:Song Jing 3268:(713–716) 3262:(713–716) 3260:Yao Chong 3254:Zhang Yue 3238:(712–713) 3232:(712–713) 3230:Wei Zhigu 3226:(712–713) 3220:(712–713) 3208:(712–713) 3163:Confucius 3046:An Qingxu 3007:Fang Guan 2950:Tong Pass 2743:Qian Xuan 2722:Li Shizhi 2683:Dongmou ( 2654:Donglai ( 2626:Changle ( 2613:Guangdong 2609:Guangzhou 2598:Lingnan ( 2570:Jiannan ( 2542:Longyou ( 2487:Fanyang ( 2370:Beiting ( 2300:Geshu Han 2296:An Sishun 2292:An Lushan 2251:An Lushan 2239:Geshu Han 2216:Gao Lishi 2186:, a late 2148:, in his 2020:Xiao Song 1954:Gao Lishi 1933:Mount Tai 1893:Ren Renfa 1889:Zhang Guo 1832:Song Jing 1696:Li Siqian 1665:Me Agtsom 1633:Wei Anshi 1611:Yao Chong 1607:Zhang Yue 1542:Gao Lishi 1489:Wei Zhigu 1322:Wei Zhigu 1314:Zhang Yue 1270:Song Jing 1266:Wei Anshi 1221:Confucian 1044:Li Shouli 1008:of a new 949:concubine 899:An Lushan 886:Zhang Yue 882:Song Jing 878:Yao Chong 867:, was an 865:Li Longji 670:Lǐ Lōngjī 628:Li Longji 394:Signature 322:至道大聖大明孝皇帝 278:Tianbao ( 269:Kaiyuan ( 252:Era dates 131:3 May 762 101:Successor 7399:Zhaozong 7384:Xuānzong 7369:Jingzong 7359:Xianzong 7354:Shunzong 7334:Xuanzong 7227:712–756 7215:712–756 7195:712–756 7142:LibriVox 6374:vol. 222 6358:vol. 221 6300:vol. 220 6279:vol. 219 6263:vol. 218 6198:vol. 217 6089:vol. 184 6073:vol. 215 6014:vol. 214 5991:, vol.08 5978:, vol.08 5963:vol. 213 5761:vol. 212 5688:vol. 211 5642:vol. 210 5615:vol. 209 5592:vol. 206 5576:vol. 204 5560:vol. 205 5403:Tongjian 5349:, vol. 8 5207:See also 5202:. (2018) 5189:. (2017) 5181:Chin Han 5176:. (2015) 5168:Leon Lai 5163:. (2001) 5152:. (2000) 5144:Kwong Wa 5139:. (1955) 5115:Chang'an 4674:Ancestry 4636:) in 747 4616:) in 738 4567:) in 740 4547:) in 744 4494:) in 737 4453:) in 728 4450:河南竇澤／窦泽 4350:Unknown 4245:才人趙氏／赵氏 4225:才人鄭氏／郑氏 4205:才人陳氏／陈氏 4165:才人閻氏／阎氏 4135:) in 756 4126:, in 754 4061:美人盧氏／卢氏 4041:美人鍾氏／钟氏 4031:) in 737 3921:芳儀/芳仪董氏 3889:賢儀／贤仪武氏 3866:順儀／顺仪郭氏 3843:昭儀／昭仪林氏 3823:靖恭皇太子李琬 3762:德妃錢氏／钱氏 3752:) in 740 3722:淑妃安定皇甫氏 3668:) in 730 3643:齊公主／齐国公主 3605:) in 745 3585:) in 761 3392:Cui Yuan 3356:Li Linfu 3302:Wang Jun 3108:Li Fuguo 3039:Cui Yuan 3011:Cui Huan 2962:Guo Ziyi 2826:Goguryeo 2822:Shuofang 2531:and the 2511:Pinglu ( 2464:Hedong ( 2447:Yinchuan 2434:Shuofang 2385:Xinjiang 2349:Xinjiang 2267:Chang'an 2231:jiedushi 2208:Li Linfu 2192:Qiu Ying 2121:Li Linfu 1950:Li Linfu 1907:Wang Jun 1746:Xinjiang 1722:Tonyukuk 1707:Göktürks 1689:jiedushi 1670:jiedushi 1650:and the 1629:Wei Sili 1361:Xiantian 1310:Li Rizhi 1294:Yuncheng 1289:Chang'an 1082:Chang'an 1074:Changzhi 891:Li Linfu 516:Jyutping 303:開元聖文神武皇帝 238:Longji ( 149:Consorts 138:Chang'an 46:Xuanzang 7374:Wenzong 7344:Daizong 7328:Ruizong 7307:Ruizong 7297:Gaozong 7292:Taizong 7032:Song Qi 6614::4450–1 6550::4406–7 6335:dingwei 6316:vol. 51 5934:vol. 93 5779:. APA. 5717:vol. 62 5544:vol. 81 5496:Bo Yang 5411:jia'yin 5395:Baoying 5379:jia'yin 5371:jia'yin 5291:Sichuan 4633:溫西華／温西华 4526:衛公主／卫公主 4482:晉公主／晋公主 4377:張去奢／张去奢 3948:蘇克貞／苏克贞 3814:奉天皇帝李琮 3809:Li Cong 3629:Li Heng 3486:皇后太原王氏 3481:Empress 3446:removed 3431:sources 3338:Han Xiu 3314:Du Xian 3290:Su Ting 3218:Cui Shi 2976:Chengdu 2867:Nanzhao 2849:Tianbao 2811:by 742. 2621:15,400 2593:30,900 2585:Sichuan 2581:Chengdu 2565:75,000 2557:Qinghai 2553:Haidong 2537:37,500 2506:91,400 2498:Beijing 2482:55,000 2474:Taiyuan 2459:64,700 2451:Ningxia 2428:73,000 2400:20,000 2396:Jiankun 2392:Tuqishi 2365:24,000 2312:Donglai 2308:Changle 2279:Tianbao 2271:Sichuan 2263:Luoyang 2259:Fanyang 2173:Tianbao 2109:Han Xiu 2098:King Mu 2061:Kaiyuan 1982:Jiuquan 1962:Du Xian 1877:Kaiyuan 1875:Middle 1869:Bo Yang 1840:Kaiyuan 1836:Su Ting 1809:mosques 1787:. Both 1781:Turgesh 1711:Kaiyuan 1705:of the 1685:Qinghai 1681:Haidong 1641:Li Jiao 1584:Kaiyuan 1575:Kaiyuan 1567:Kaiyuan 1537:), the 1406:Cui Shi 1388:Cui Shi 1326:Cui Shi 1308:, Dou, 1285:Li Xian 1066:Li Xiǎn 1054:Li Xián 929:Luoyang 871:of the 869:emperor 782:Chinese 708:Chinese 634:Chinese 560:Chinese 432:Chinese 365:Dynasty 121:Luoyang 7482:W. Xia 7394:Xizong 7389:Yizong 7379:Wuzong 7364:Muzong 7349:Dezong 7339:Suzong 7063:Vols. 7042:Vol. 5 7023:vol. 9 7019:Vol. 8 7009:Liu Xu 6976: 6968: 6391:vol. 9 6035:Dao Fu 5900: 5873: 5846: 5816: 5783: 5526:vol. 8 5477: 5467:中國歷史寶庫 5391:jiansi 5387:jiayin 5269:wuchen 5265:yichou 4491:清河崔惠童 3910:汴哀王李璥 3873:Li Lin 3791:皇太子李瑛 3541:Li Mao 3510:夏悼王李一 3406:Family 3272:Xue Na 3206:Cen Xi 3154:huaigu 3133:Poetry 3112:Taoist 3035:Li Lin 3009:, and 2887:Yunnan 2782:Taoism 2764:guifei 2752:Taoist 2698:1,000 2678:1,000 2649:1,500 2641:Fujian 2637:Fuzhou 2529:Shiwei 2405:Hexi ( 2334:Anxi ( 2302:, and 2277:Early 2084:Balhae 2078:remake 1948:, and 1818:famine 1734:Basmyl 1656:Xue Ne 1648:Khitan 1639:, and 1613:) and 1582:Early 1539:eunuch 1501:, and 1427:Xue Ji 1410:Cen Xi 1390:, and 1328:, and 1312:, and 1298:Shanxi 1262:Cen Xi 1260:, and 1078:Shanxi 945:regent 386:Mother 376:Father 7426:Shang 7323:Shang 7287:Gaozu 7168:Born: 7055:[ 6974:JSTOR 6934::4625 6918::4641 6902::4268 6886::3244 6870::3059 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Knowledge

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang

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