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itself compared to conventional intersections, thus initiating further observation and care taking of the driver. In
Denmark, it was found to decrease accidents in roundabouts by 27% to 84% depending on height and type. In studies, heights of 0-0.9, 1-1.9 and 2+ metres were evaluated. It was found that for all heights, especially accidents leading to human injuries were reduced the most, by -47% to -84% for the aforementioned heights. The level of irritation to drivers is not to be understated, as it is the crucial point of the design: to force drivers to pay attention to the sides of the driving direction. This leads to drivers complaining about these designs, as Denmark in most regards embraces designing road infrastructure, such that the wanted driving behaviour leads to comfort i.e., lane width corresponding to speed limit and obstacles encouraging slowdown near points of safety concern such as schools. Such is the controversy for drivers that seasoned driving teachers complain about this discomfort a decade after its safety is proven and adoption widespread.
1857:
of vehicle swept path at smaller turning radii). In most cases, this results in it being too easy – certainly when traffic is light relative to capacity – for drivers to traverse the roundabout at relatively high speed, with scant regard for road markings or the potential dangers to self or conflicts with other road users. To mitigate this risk, a proportion of the circulatory carriageway – an annulus around the central island – is segregated from general use by demarcation lines and differentiated from the outer annulus of the carriageway by a combination of a slightly raised surface, adverse crossfall, contrasting colours and textures and demarcating lines. The effect of this is to discourage drivers from taking a more direct path through the roundabout, their line of least resistance is more tightly curved (and therefore slower) but more bearable. The inner annulus provides for the trailing axles of longer or articulated vehicles to sweep across the inner annulus, which is therefore known as an over-run area (in UK usage), truck apron, or mountable apron.
630:
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368:
1845:
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1909:
338:
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and fatalities (according to a study of a sampling of roundabouts in the United States, when compared with the junctions they replaced). At junctions with stop signs or traffic lights, the most serious accidents are right-angle, left-turn or head-on collisions where vehicles move fast and collide at high impact angles, e.g. head-on. Roundabouts virtually eliminate those types of crashes. Instead, most crashes are glancing blows at low angles of impact. Further, a study based on satellite imagery of all intersections in
Australia observed consistently low speeds on roundabouts compared to other intersection types, contributing to reduced injury severity in case of a crash.
1658:
3142:
2222:
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1943:
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2097:, a relatively new type of two-lane roundabout designs is emerging, called "turbo roundabouts". These designs require motorists to choose their direction before entering the roundabout, thereby eliminating many conflicting paths and choices on the roundabout itself so that traffic safety is increased, as well as speed and capacity. These designs, seen from above, typically result in a spiralling flow of traffic. One minor drawback is that turbo roundabouts are often marked out such that a U-turn by means of the roundabout is not possible for drivers approaching on certain arms.
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that low vehicle speeds, circulatory lane markings and mountable centre aprons for trucks can reduce the problem. The most common roundabout crash type for cyclists, according to the New
Zealand study, involves a motor vehicle entering the roundabout and colliding with a cyclist who already is travelling around the roundabout (more than half of cyclist/roundabout crashes in New Zealand fall into this category). The next most common crash type involves motorists leaving the roundabout colliding with cyclists who are continuing farther around the perimeter.
1441:
motorist may often not slow substantially. To give way to a cyclist on the outside requires the exiting motorist to look toward the rear, to the perimeter. Other vehicles can obstruct the driver's view in this direction, complicating the motorist's task. The more frequent requirements for motorists to slow or stop reduce traffic flow. A 1992 study found that the risk to cyclists is high in all such intersections, but much higher when the junction has a marked bicycle lane or sidepath around its perimeter. Cycle lanes were installed at Museum Road,
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path of the circle. A visual barrier significantly reduces the accident rate. Otherwise, vehicles anywhere in or near the circle can cause those entering to stop and wait for them to pass, even if they are opposite, which unnecessarily reduces traffic flow. The barrier may be a landscaped mound, a raised wall, a tree or tall shrubs. Road signage or flagpoles may be erected at the top of a landscaped mound.
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circulation speed in the roundabout and within the time interval (visualised as a rotating priority sector) assigned to his entrance, avoiding all the conflicts of passage and with it the stops and accelerations required in standard and in signalled roundabouts. Signalling signage is with lights for human drivers and optionally wireless for connected and autonomous vehicles.
2908:, Germany, tram lines 8 and 6 pass through the centre of the roundabout "Am Stern" east of the main railway station. They enter from the west and exit in a northeastern direction, thus making a slight bend within the roundabout. Both stations are situated on the north-eastern edge of the roundabout. Traffic is controlled by two-colour traffic lights inside the roundabout.
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1460:, adopts a U.S.-recommended design. On-street pavement markings direct cyclists to enter the sidewalk at the end of the bike lane. Cyclists who choose to travel on the wide sidewalk, cross roundabout arms perpendicularly, well outside the circle. A pedestrian island allows pedestrians and cyclists to cross one lane at a time.
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674:, in 1990 and was followed by another the following year. This roundabout occasioned dismay from residents, and a local news program said about it, "Even police agree, can be confusing at times." Between 1990 and 1995, numerous modern roundabouts were built in California, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Nevada, and Vermont.
1608:. ARCADY and Rodel are based on the Transport Research Laboratory mathematical model. The TRL approach is derived from empirical models based on geometric parameters and observed driver behaviour with regard to lane choice. Sidra Intersection software includes roundabout capacity models developed in Australia and the US.
2170:(compared with 8 for a conventional single lane roundabout, or between 32 and 64 with traffic signal control), this design is often safer as well. Research and experiments show that traffic accidents are reduced by 72% on turbo roundabouts compared to multi-lane roundabouts, which have 12 points of conflict. Research at
367:
2323:'s M50 motorway C-road were built using a standard roundabout interchange. The traffic volume of several of these junctions increased to a level higher than the capacity such roundabouts can accommodate, and in turn, have been converted into partially or fully free-flowing interchanges. One example is the
2977:, Germany, a railway serving a nearby paper factory crosses a roundabout located next to a shopping centre and pedestrian zone. The flow of traffic and pedestrians is governed by 14 barriers, 22 traffic lights and 8 loudspeakers. The barriers close three times daily for 7 minutes to allow trains to pass.
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running north–south bisects the two-lane roundabout at the junction of Jensen Beach
Boulevard running east–west. It hosts three other roads and the service entrance to a large shopping plaza. Boom barriers line the railway crossings. The landscaped central island bisected by the tracks was originally
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considers that the mix of priorities makes these confusing and difficult to understand: a traditional modern roundabout gives the priority to the central ring, while tram roundabouts give priority to the central ring but higher priority still to the tramway. This generates many collisions of cars and
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A signalised roundabout is one where one or more entry is controlled by traffic signals, rather than by assumed priority. For each signalised entry there will also be a signalised stopline immediately upstream on the circulatory section. The signals prevent blocking on the roundabout, and balance and
2016:
A balcony roundabout is just an elevated roundabout. They are constructed in such a way that vulnerable road users can cross underneath the roundabout. Footpaths and cycle paths along the different roads connect to the square under the roundabout. Vulnerable road users do not interfere with motorised
1953:
Mini-roundabouts can incorporate a painted circle or a low dome but must be fully traversable by vehicles. Motorists can drive over them when there is no other traffic, but it is dangerous to do so otherwise. Once the practice is established it may be difficult to discourage. Mini-roundabouts use the
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Physically separated bikeways best protect cyclists. Less optimally, terminating cycle lanes well before roundabout entrances requires cyclists to merge into the stream of motor traffic, but keeps cyclists in full view of drivers, at some cost in motor vehicle speed. Cyclists may also be permitted to
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Denmark has begun widespread adoption of particular high islands, or if not possible, obstacles such as hedges or a ring of trees in larger examples. This is done to further increase the safety benefits of roundabouts, as the obstacles have been found to discomfort drivers more so than the roundabout
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roundabouts, which are found in many countries, combine roundabouts for individual vehicles with tram lines. Large areas are needed for tram roundabouts that include a junction between tram lines. Tramways usually cross the centre of the roundabout. At busy junctions, this requires traffic lights or
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The smaller the roundabout, the more such mitigation measures are likely to be abused – the less effective they will be. In the UK the minimum size for roundabouts with raised islands is 28 metre diameter ICD with a 4-metre diameter island. This threshold being driven primarily by vehicle geometry –
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Poorly designed walkways increase risks for the vision-impaired, because it is more difficult than at a signalised intersection to audibly detect whether there is a sufficient gap in traffic to cross safely. At a signalised intersection, traffic comes to a stop, and an audible sound can be generated
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Statistically, modern roundabouts are safer for drivers and pedestrians than both older-style traffic circles and traditional intersections. Compared with these other forms of intersections, modern roundabouts experience 39% fewer vehicle collisions, 76% fewer injuries and 90% fewer serious injuries
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Traditional cycle lanes increase vehicle–bicycle collisions. When exiting, a motorist must look ahead to avoid colliding with another vehicle or with pedestrians on a pedestrian crossing. As the intersection curves away from the exit, the path of an exiting vehicle is relatively straight, and so the
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Generally, exiting directly from an inner lane of a multi-lane roundabout is permitted, given that the intersecting road has as many lanes as the roundabout. By contrast, exiting from an inner lane of an older traffic circle is usually not permitted and traffic must first move into the outside lane.
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The first
Canadian traffic circles were in Edmonton. There were 7 such by 1954. However, they didn't gain popularity in the rest of the country until the 1990s. They became increasingly popular amongst traffic planners and civil engineers in the 15 years thereafter due to their success in Europe. By
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than to have it. At least 70 have been built in the
Netherlands, while many turbos (or similar, lane splitting designs) can be found in southeast Asia. Multi-lane roundabouts in the United States of America are typically required to be striped with spiral markings, as most states follow the federal
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As the overall or external size of a roundabout (in the UK referred to as the
Inscribed Circle Diameter – ICD) is reduced, so the maximum practicable (and prescribed) diameter for the central island is also reduced, whilst the width of the circulatory carriageway increases (due to the greater width
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Roundabouts can reduce delays for pedestrians compared to traffic signals, because pedestrians are able to cross during any safe gap rather than waiting for a signal. During peak flows when large gaps are infrequent, the slower speed of traffic entering and exiting can still allow crossing, despite
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The capacity of a roundabout varies based on entry angle, lane width, and the number of entry and circulating lanes. As with other types of junctions, operational performance depends heavily on the flow volumes from various approaches. A single-lane roundabout can handle approximately 20,000–26,000
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that is high enough to discourage drivers from crossing over it, but low enough to allow wide or long vehicles to navigate the roundabout. The island may provide a visual barrier, to alert approaching drivers to the presence of the roundabout, and to encourage drivers to focus on the traffic in the
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led the development of the "priority rule" and subsequently invented the mini-roundabout to overcome capacity and safety limitations. The priority rule was found to improve traffic flow by up to 10%. In 1966, the United
Kingdom adopted a rule at all circular junctions that required entering traffic
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also shows that turbo roundabouts reduce accidents including casualties by some 75% when compared to regular intersections, and by 61% compared to single-lane roundabouts. The same research made it very clear that it is safer for cyclists not to have priority over motor vehicles on the roundabout,
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Roundabouts can increase delays in locations where traffic would otherwise often not be required to stop. For example, at the junction of a high-volume and a low-volume road, traffic on the busier road would stop only when cross traffic was present, otherwise not having to slow for the roundabout.
1151:
The fundamental principle of modern roundabouts is that entering drivers give way to traffic within the roundabout without the need for traffic signals. Conversely, older traffic circles typically require circling drivers to give way to entering traffic. Roundabouts may also have an interior lane.
2875:, Croatia features tram tracks passing through, curving at a 90° angle, as well as a full tram mini-roundabout inside the middle road island. In Croatia, where tram tracks enter the road without traffic lights, trams have the highest priority and other non-emergency vehicles are required to yield.
1972:
In the UK and also in other jurisdictions that have adopted mini-roundabouts, to drive across the central disc or dome when it is practicable to avoid it is an offence. Vehicles are required to treat the painted circle as if it were a solid island and drive around it. Some local authorities paint
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or alternate routes. However, an analysis of the New
Zealand national crash database for the period 1996–2000 shows that 26% of cyclists reported injury crashes happened at roundabouts, compared to 6% at traffic signals and 13% at priority controlled junctions. The New Zealand researchers propose
330:
Circular intersections were built in the United States, though many were large-diameter 'rotaries' that enabled high-speed merge and weave manoeuvres. Older-style traffic circles may control entering traffic by stop signs or traffic lights. Many allow entry at higher speeds without deflection, or
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within the normal flow of traffic, which often are not possible at other forms of junction. Moreover, since vehicles that run on gasoline typically spend less time idling at roundabouts than at signalled intersections, using a roundabout potentially leads to less pollution. When entering vehicles
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For pedestrians, traffic exiting the roundabout comes from one direction, instead of three, simplifying the pedestrian's visual environment. Traffic moves slowly enough to allow visual engagement with pedestrians, encouraging deference towards them. Other benefits include reduced driver confusion
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For larger roundabouts, pedestrian islands at each entry/exit encourage drivers to slow and prepare to enter the circle. They also provide a refuge where pedestrians may pause mid-crossing. Vehicles or bicycles entering or exiting the roundabout must yield to all traffic including pedestrians.
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An evolution of the signalised roundabout has been proposed recently. It is based in avoiding stops by eliminating conflict points in roundabouts. This proposed new paradigm (SYROPS) forms platoons of vehicles (e.g. 2 x 3 cars) that arrive at the roundabout with speed identical to the average
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to refer to junctions installed after 1960 that incorporate various design rules to increase safety. Compared to stop signs, traffic signals, and earlier forms of roundabouts, modern roundabouts reduce the likelihood and severity of collisions greatly by reducing traffic speeds and minimizing
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installations) manner around each mini-roundabout. Exiting the mini-roundabouts, traffic may proceed around the central island either in the usual direction (via the outer loop), or in the inverse direction (the inner loop). The arrangement offers multiple paths between feeder roads. Drivers
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According to simulations, a two-lane roundabout with three exits should offer 12–20% greater traffic flow than a conventional, three-lane roundabout of the same size. The reason is reduced weaving that makes entering and exiting more predictable. Because there are only ten points of conflict
481:
In the late 1980s, the
Netherlands saw significant growth with about 400 roundabouts constructed in just 6 years. Construction accelerated in the 1990s, and by 2001, there were an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 roundabouts in the Netherlands, more than half of which were located within built-up
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at each entry/exit may be located at least one full car length outside the circle. The extra space allows pedestrians to cross behind vehicles waiting to enter the circle, and to allow exiting vehicles to stop for pedestrians without obstruction. Each pedestrian crossing may traverse a
419:
guide reports that the modern roundabout represents a significant improvement, in terms of both operations and safety, when compared with older rotaries and traffic circles. The design became mandatory in the United Kingdom for all new roundabouts in November 1966. Australia and other
2111:, South Yorkshire, which was given spiral marking about 1984. At that time the method was considered experimental and needed special consent from central authorities. The turbo roundabout was formally developed in 1996 in the Netherlands by Lambertus Fortuijn, a researcher from the
177:
Modern roundabouts were first standardised in the UK in 1966 and were found to be a significant improvement over previous traffic circles and rotaries. Since then, modern roundabouts have become commonplace throughout the world, including Australia, the United Kingdom and France.
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Studies of roundabouts that replaced stop signs and/or traffic signals found that vehicle delays were reduced 13–89 percent and the proportion of vehicles that stopped was reduced 14–56 percent. Delays on major approaches increased as vehicles slowed to enter the roundabouts.
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2901:, Germany, Lines 4 and 8 pass through the centre of the roundabout at Platz der Deutschen Einheit. The tram stops are in the centre of the roundabout. Roundabout traffic is controlled by traffic lights. Pedestrian access is via subway and street-level crossings at the lights.
512:
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Research on Australian roundabouts was conducted in the 1980s at the Australian Road Research Board (ARRB). Its analytical capacity and performance models differ from the TRL model significantly, following a lane-based gap-acceptance theory including geometric parameters.
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Turbo roundabouts can be built with raised lane separators (common in the Netherlands) or with lane markings only. The use of raised lane separators prevents road users from weaving (thereby reducing conflicts) but can make manoeuvring more difficult for large vehicles.
237:, which was then being planned. This design contained several large places/street crossings. Many of them had a rectangular outer outline, but within each was a place, around which the streets should be built, thus reducing the number of arms/legs of each crossing.
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5315:, (BASt, 1992). Accident numbers in large circular junctions with different bicycle facilities show: 1. Why there should be no pathways or bike lanes at these junctions; 2. Even when cyclists use the roadway, their risk is relatively high at these junctions.
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Roundabouts are generally not appropriate for placement on motorway or freeway mainlines because the purpose of such facilities is to provide for uninterrupted traffic flow. However, roundabouts are often used for the junction between the slip roads (called
1827:) is sometimes used in the United Kingdom for a large circular intersection with non-standard lane markings or priority arrangements, or where there are significant lengths of carriageway between the entry arms, or when buildings occupy the central island.
2508:, and is considered "magic" because traffic flows in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. This is achieved by surrounding the main island with one smaller roundabout per entry/exit street. This pattern directs traffic in the usual clockwise (in
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same right-of-way rules as standard roundabouts but produce different driver behaviour. Mini-roundabouts are sometimes grouped in pairs (a double mini-roundabout) or in "chains", simplifying navigation of otherwise awkward junctions. In some countries
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had been actively promoting their construction; because of increased safety, injuries caused by car accidents in the city dropped by 80% after 1996. As of December 2015 there were about 4,800 modern roundabouts in the United States. As an example,
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When the volumes on the roadways are relatively equal, a roundabout can reduce delays, because half of the time a full stop would be required. Dedicated left turn signals (in countries where traffic drives on the right) further reduce throughput.
576:
1470:, with cyclists separated from vehicles using dedicated lanes. As cyclists will conflict with motorists at the exit arms of the motorised roundabout, priority must be established. In the Netherlands, cyclists will normally be given priority to
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communities. One solution is to provide manually-operated pedestrian crossing signals at each entry. This increases construction and operation costs, and requires some way to disrupt traffic long enough for the pedestrian to cross (such as a
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Some communities use the island for monuments, the display of large public art or for a fountain. Pedestrians may be prohibited from crossing the circling lane(s). Access to the central island requires an underpass or overpass for safety.
2749:/M50 junction is grade-separated and is signal-controlled with secondary lanes (separate from the main roundabout) for those making left turns. The junction, the busiest in Ireland, had tram lines added to it with the opening of the
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for protection that also forces drivers to slow and begin to change direction, encouraging slower, safer speeds. On the island, the pedestrian crossing may become diagonal, to direct the gaze of those crossing into exiting traffic.
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a third type of roundabout, known as "Filter in Turn", exists. Here approaching drivers neither give way to traffic on the roundabout, as normal, nor have priority over it, but take it in turns to enter from each. Almost all of
1480:
995:" is typically used as the general term for all roundabouts, including those with modern designs. State laws in these states mandate that traffic already driving in the rotary always has the right of way. For instance, in
728:
2014 there were about 400 roundabouts in Canada at the time (most in Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario), or one per 90,000 inhabitants (compared to one per 84,000 inhabitants in the United States that year).
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approaches. Roundabouts do not stop all entering vehicles, reducing both individual and queuing delays. Throughput further improves because drivers proceed when traffic is clear without waiting for a signal to change.
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had trouble negotiating the roundabout, so the curbs were replaced with painted concrete strips. The roundabout was built in the early 2000s and improved traffic flow, although long freight trains often cause delays.
2207:. So, three roads meet at this roundabout. Total length of the system is 11.24 km (6.98 mi). It was the largest ever infrastructure project in the Faroe Islands, estimated to have cost around a billion Danish kroner.
1731:) that defeats the purpose of the roundabout. Signalisation also increases delays for most pedestrians during periods of light traffic, since pedestrians need to wait for a signal to change before (legally) crossing.
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analysis of 332 roundabouts. It was very clear that if the height in the middle of the roundabout was over two meters, then it was much safer than other designs. The accident rate was significantly lower in the high
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system in 2004. The tracks pass across one carriageway of the N7, and across the southern M50 sliproads. Trams pass every five minutes at rush hour. The roundabout was replaced with a grade-separated free flowing
3141:
474:
In 1985, Norway put up yield signs at the entries to all its roundabouts. After this, safety and traffic flow rapidly improved, and Norwegian roundabouts increased from 15 in 1980, to 350 in 1990, to 500 in
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1207:
Traffic speed: High entry speeds (over 30 mph or 48 km/h) require circulating vehicles to yield, often stopping, which lowers capacity and increases crash rates compared to modern roundabouts.
826:
Because low speeds are required for traffic entering roundabouts, they are physically designed to slow traffic entering the junction to improve safety, so that the roads typically approach the junction
2797:, Czech Republic, a tramway crosses the carriage way of the roundabout at three places. Entering as well as leaving trams give way to vehicles. In the years 1932–42 trams circulated much like vehicles.
331:
require a stop and a 90-degree turn to enter. Because these circumstances caused a lot of vehicle collisions, construction of traffic circles and rotaries ceased in the 1950s, and some were removed.
174:
to regain the initial speed, resulting in lower emissions. Research has also shown that slow-moving traffic in roundabouts makes less noise than traffic that must stop and start, speed up and brake.
5725:
Wijnands, J.S.; Zhao, H.; Nice, K.A.; Thompson, J.; Scully, K.; Guo, J.; Stevenson, M. (2020). "Identifying safe intersection design through unsupervised feature extraction from satellite imagery".
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contains a tram-stop, pedestrian crossings, three entering tram lines, traffic signals to stop vehicular traffic at each crossing point when a tram is due, service roads and a pedestrian crossing.
2868:, the tramway passes underneath the roundabout in a subway, while at Park Square in the city centre it travels above the roundabout on bridges and viaducts with a junction in the central island.
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4419:
1926:
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is extensive, tram tracks always pass through the central island, with drivers required to give way to vehicles approaching from their right and to trams approaching from right angles. The
2154:). However, it was not until 1997 that the UK's national highway authorities published guidance (DMRB TA-78/97) that in effect endorsed the use of spiral markings in certain circumstances.
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Driver's Manual recommends that, in the absence of flow control signs, traffic yields based on "the circle's historically established traffic flow pattern", and there are no set rules. In
447:
began installing small traffic circles within existing intersections to calm traffic. As of 2021, the city has installed over 1,200 traffic circles, primarily in residential neighborhoods.
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5539:. NCHRP Report 672. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., US, in cooperation with US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
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in which road traffic travels in one direction around a central island and priority is given to the circulating flow. Signs usually direct traffic entering the circle to slow and to
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special signalling granting the trams priority. However, there are also roundabouts where trams and vehicles share the carriageway. Some roundabouts have a tram stop on the island.
468:; however, when it appeared the single-lane roundabouts had an even higher capacity than signalised intersections, they were constructed en masse in the western Netherlands as well.
2517:
typically choose the shorter, most fluid route. Although the safety record is good, many drivers find this system intimidating, and some drivers go to great lengths to avoid them.
2499:, inventor of the mini-roundabout. The roundabout joins five roads and consists of a two-way road around the central island, with five mini-roundabouts meeting the incoming roads.
2408:
functions partially as a roundabout, with through traffic allowed to continue without entering the junction and traffic changing between motorways required to use the roundabout.
491:
As modern roundabouts rose in popularity in the 1980s, the old traffic circles fell out of favour and many were converted into modern roundabouts or other types of intersections.
2269:). This configuration reduces conflicts between vehicles entering the raindrop roundabouts from the ramps, reducing queueing and delays, compared with the dumbbell interchange.
464:. It began in the relatively sparsely populated northern and eastern Netherlands because of fears that the roundabouts would not be able to cope with the traffic density of the
2790:, unusually, the tram junction itself forms a circular roundabout, with trams going around the circle; there are tram stops immediately outside the roundabout on each branch.
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485:
In 1990, the US constructed its first modern roundabout, although older roundabouts have been somewhat common in parts of the Northeast (called rotaries or traffic circles).
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241:
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crosses a roundabout where Guardsman Way meets South Campus Drive. Like virtually all rail crossings in the United States, both crossings in the circle are equipped with
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which is globally relatively consistent – rather than driver behaviour, it is adopted in other jurisdictions too. Below this minimum size, the mini-roundabout prevails.
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In 1987, Switzerland introduced the yield-at-entry rule; since then its roundabouts increased from 19 in 1980 to 220 in early 1992, while 500 more were being considered.
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intersections, replacing traffic signals that are inefficient without a turning lane. In addition to their use at intersections, raindrop roundabouts are also used in
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A new development is the roundabout below the seabed, in locations where multiple undersea traffic tunnels join. The first such roundabout is in the Eysturoy Tunnel (
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Some roundabouts have a divider or subsidiary deflection island, by means of which is provided a "free flow" segregated left- (or right-) turn lane (for the UK see
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4490:"roundabout: a circular area where three or more roads meet that you have to drive around in one direction in order to get onto another road. The American word is
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is a magic gyratory. This type of junction is similar to a magic roundabout, except that the constituent roundabouts are connected by longer lengths of roadway.
6495:
5689:
5127:"Unusual road roundabouts: artistic, and otherwise. A collection of more than 2000 photographs, by almost 200 amateur photographers, from all over the world"
5637:
Nambisan, Shashi S.; Parimi, Venu (March 2007). "A Comparative Evaluation of the Safety Performance of Roundabouts and Traditional Intersection Controls".
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crossing the roundabout and through the inner circle. Boom barriers protect the railway from oncoming traffic at the appropriate points in the roundabout.
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Many countries in Europe (France first, but also Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain, and others) show the widespread use of roundabouts as art installations.
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5324:
Maycock, G., and Hall, R. D. (1984). "Accidents at 4-Arm Roundabouts." TRRL1120, Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), Crowthorne, England.
2100:
Several variations of turbo roundabouts exist. They are frequently designed for the intersection of a major road crossing a road with less traffic.
1980:
In the UK – and also in other highway jurisdictions – the maximum size for a mini roundabout is 28 metre (30 yard) ICD (inscribed circle diameter).
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Report 672). The HCM Edition 6 model is based on lane-based gap-acceptance theory. A recent NCHRP survey of US state transport agencies found that
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5488:
4915:
4230:
Retting, Richard A.; Kyrychenko, Sergey Y.; McCartt, Anne T. (2007). "Long-Term Trends in Public Opinion Following Construction of Roundabouts".
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over driving. As well as their use in the Netherlands and Denmark, these designs have been subsequently built in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
670:, who sought to bring the by then well-established increased safety and traffic flow in other countries to America. The first was constructed in
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bisects the roundabout and separates Park Terrace and Main Street eastbound from the rest of the roundabout. The other roundabout is located at
2786:, the tram line passes through the centre of the Ziętka Roundabout in a north–south alignment, with a tram stop in the centre of the circle. In
5572:
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2447:, England. Vehicles drive on the left, and vehicles in the roundabout are stopped by traffic lights to allow other vehicles to enter, while an
1139:
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Large roundabouts, such as those used at motorway junctions, typically have two to six lanes and may include traffic lights to regulate flow.
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traffic circle in New York and several in New Jersey. Others have been converted to signalised intersections, such as the Drum Hill Rotary in
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only need to give way, they do not always perform a full stop; as a result, by keeping a part of their momentum, the engine will require less
3875:
688:
Municipalities introducing new roundabouts often were met with some degree of public resistance, just as in the United Kingdom in the 1960s.
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1815:
TD 51/03) between traffic moving between two adjacent roads, and traffic within the roundabout, enabling drivers to bypass the roundabout.
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Signalised pedestrian crossings are normally used on large-diameter roundabout interchanges rather than small-diameter modern roundabouts.
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999:, "Any operator of a vehicle entering a rotary intersection shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle already in the intersection." In
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standing on a pedestal, surrounded by a large fountain, with an inscription saying "Justice, wisdom and strength guard this loyal city".
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In the United States modern roundabouts emerged in the 1990s after years of planning and educational campaigning by Frank Blackmore and
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846:. When such roads are redesigned to incorporate roundabouts, traffic speeds must be reduced via tricks such as curving the approaches.
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A 2007 survey found public support ranging from 22% to 44% prior to construction, and several years after construction was 57% to 87%.
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6170:"Synchronous Roundabouts with Rotating Priority Sectors (SYROPS): High Capacity and Safety for Conventional and Autonomous Vehicles"
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has a tram roundabout at Mariaplan in the inner suburb of Majorna. The trams make a right turn, giving the roundabout an odd design.
2487:"Magic roundabouts" direct traffic in both directions around the central island. They are officially known as "ring junctions". The
1844:
8361:
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4478:: rotary 2"; "rotary 2: a road junction formed around a central circle about which traffic moves in one direction only—called also
2988:(as Sinclair Street and Main Street from the east) and Main Street (from the west), Park Terrace and Redwood Street in the city of
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2339:(Craigavon connector motorway) is via a standard roundabout with a raised centre, three onslips and three offslips, and two lanes.
1886:
1877:, turned his attention to the possibility of a roundabout that could be built at sites lacking room for a conventional roundabout.
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Roundabout in the United States with separated side lanes. Vehicles entering the roundabout give way to vehicles in the roundabout.
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American confusion at how to enter and especially how to exit a roundabout was the subject of mockery such as featured in the film
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141:
is permitted to flow in one direction around a central island, and priority is typically given to traffic already in the junction.
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Many countries have researched roundabout capacity. The software can help calculate capacity, delay and queues. Packages include
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have stressed the need to distinguish between the characteristics of the modern roundabout and the nonconforming traffic circle:
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4374:
2115:. Similar roundabouts, with spiralling lane markings, have been used for many years in the UK e.g. the A176/A127 (eastbound) at
943:
Entering traffic aims to one side of the central island (right side for right-hand traffic) and proceeds straight ahead at speed
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1907 US: Architect John McLaren designed one of the first American traffic circles for both autos and streetcars (trams) in the
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R. Schnüll, J. Lange, I. Fabian, M. Kölle, F. Schütte, D. Alrutz, H.W. Fechtel, J. Stellmacher-Hein, T. Brückner, H. Meyhöfer:
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3517:"Quantitatively Determining the Emissions Reduction Benefits of the Replacement of a Signalized Intersection by a Roundabout"
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A 1998 survey of municipalities found public opinion 68% opposed prior to construction, changing thereafter to 73% in favour.
234:
157:. Variations on the basic concept include integration with tram or train lines, two-way flow, higher speeds and many others.
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The same features that make roundabouts attractive for roadway junctions led to their use at junctions of multi-use trails.
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In 1983, France adopted the yield-at-entry rule on national routes; since then the country's roundabouts have proliferated.
343:
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5594:. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP SYNTHESIS 488. Washington DC, US.: Transportation Research Board.
5360:. Rik de Groot, vervoer en infrastructuur CROW kenniscentrum voor verkeer. Ede, The Netherlands. 2016. pp. 147–148.
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An early application of the principle was a six-arm and therefore relatively large (and fast) non-circular roundabout at
1974:
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An inventory of roundabouts in France, made by Marc Lescuyer, listed 3,328 roundabouts with artistic decor early in 2010.
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Modern roundabouts feature a central island and sometimes pedestrian islands at each entry or exit often for decoration.
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in Merseyside (which also features the M6 passing overhead), and on the Astley/Boothstown border. More examples are the
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There is also a branch line immediately north of the roundabout going west, and an additional tram stop on that branch.
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In France, tram roundabouts commonly have radii between 14 and 22 metres, although some have radii outside this range.
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A mini-roundabout in the UK, where a painted white circle is used as centre. The arrows show the direction of traffic.
831:; whereas older-style traffic circles may be designed to try to increase speeds, and have roads that enter the circle
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bicycle roundabout in the Netherlands is an innovative design, completely separating bicycles from vehicular traffic.
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3595:, International Federation for Housing and Planning, The Hague, 1969, cited by Ben Hamilton-Baillie and Phil Jones,
3290:, serving pedestrian and bicycle traffic only, above the main conventional roadway intersection. It is known as the
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3016:. Both roundabouts are controlled by flashing red lights, with additional boom barriers at the Blenheim roundabout.
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Cyclists can choose to ride on the sidewalk on far right, or in the main lanes of this roundabout in Mesa, Arizona.
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may be considerably larger. Roundabouts are roughly the same size as signalled intersections of the same capacity.
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trams, between 7 and 10 for each tram roundabout in France between 2006 and 2015 (between 0.37 and 1.01 per year).
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327:, the operating and entry characteristics of these traffic circles differed considerably from modern roundabouts.
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Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Civil Engineering – Transportation Planning and Highway Engineering
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in the Netherlands, with modern art animals on the central island, and an apron that can be used by large trucks.
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to distinguish those that require entering drivers to give way to others. Many old traffic circles remain in the
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Vehicles circulate around the central island in one direction at speeds of 25–40 km/h (15–25 mph). In
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due to its reduced need for wide or multiple bridges. A variation of the dumbbell interchange, often called a "
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Multi-lane roundabouts are typically less than 75 metres (250 ft) in diameter; older traffic circles and
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plaque on the first traffic circle in the United States, at the intersection of River and Pleasant streets in
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sep 2020, Clock 20; Journalist, kl 09:01 Bemærk: Artiklen er mere end 30 dage gammel Sebastian Myrup Hansen.
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2265:", occurs when the roundabouts do not form a complete circle but are instead raindrop roundabouts (described
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964:. Some modern roundabouts are elongated to encompass additional streets, but traffic always flows in a loop.
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4297:. Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. 16 November 2017. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009
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4842:"A Comparative Evaluation of the Safety Performance of Roundabouts and Traditional Intersection Controls"
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2775:, trams pass through the Powstańców Śląskich Roundabout, stopping in the roundabout (north-headed track).
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contained about 120 roundabouts as of October 2016, all having been built since 1997, with more planned.
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https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2014/november/tottenham-hale-improvement-works-complete
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In the 21st century several gyratory systems in London have been removed, including Tottenham Hale and
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Japan was first introduced to roundabouts in September 2014 to stop major accidents and traffic jams.
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was completed. This was constructed based on architectural considerations and not for traffic purposes.
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Pedestrian Access to Modern Roundabouts: Design and Operational Issues for Pedestrians who are Blind
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As of the beginning of the 21st century, roundabouts were in widespread use in Europe. For instance:
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A comparison between a two-lane roundabout and a turboroundabout showing possible collision points.
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interchanges are examples of this type. These junctions, however, have less capacity than a full
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By 2011, however, some 3,000 roundabouts had been established, with that number growing steadily.
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5465:. Research Report ARR 242. ARRB Transport Research Ltd, Vermont South, Australia. Archived from
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984:. Rotaries of this type typically feature high speeds inside the circle and on the approaches.
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In the early 1980s, single-lane roundabouts (or mini-roundabouts) were also introduced in the
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double white lines around the circle to indicate this, but these require permission from the
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Proceedings from the Transportation Research Board Standing Committee on Roundabouts (ANB75)
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66:
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7938:
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6779:"Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology-- – Federal Highway Administration"
5408:"UK's first Dutch-style roundabout welcomed by road safety campaigners - Highways Industry"
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A comparison of possible collision points on a roundabout versus a traditional intersection
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Entering traffic aims at the centre of the central island and is deflected slowly around it
711:
In the mid-2010s, about 3% of the then circa 4,000 U.S. modern roundabouts were located in
429:
In 1951, Cyprus, British Crown colony back then, adopted the roundabout in the main cities.
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4133:"Highlighting the first modern roundabouts in the country during National Roundabout Week"
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For the at-grade intersection design analogous to dumbbell and dogbone interchanges, see
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2730:) have reserved tram tracks inside the roundabout. At Vanderkindere and Place Stéphanie (
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Alternatively, separate roundabouts also may be used at the slip road intersections of a
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2001:
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because of the low speed requirement, but may be used on lower grades of highway such as
134:
86:
6760:
Bicyclist- and Pedestrian-Only Roundabouts, Public Roads magazine, January/February 2009
6288:
5918:"Frank Blackmore Determined, maverick traffic engineer who invented the mini-roundabout"
5917:
5272:
5157:"Roundabout / Kreisverkehr – streets with a roundabout / Straßen mit einem Kreisverkehr"
1556:
Under many traffic conditions, a roundabout operates with less delay than signalised or
1344:
1193:, entering traffic yields, as is the norm in virtually all countries outside of the U.S.
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British-influenced countries were the first outside the UK to build modern roundabouts.
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6108:"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways – Part 3: Markings"
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emissions by 0–42 percent. Fuel consumption was reduced by an estimated 23–34 percent.
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This issue has led to a conflict in the United States between the vision-impaired and
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5973:[Turbo Roundabout and Turbo Circle; Design, Capacity and Safety] (in Dutch).
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4699:"Kansas Roundabout Guide: A Supplement to FHWA's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide"
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4007:"With a wink and a nod, a quick left often is drivers' go-to move at calming circles"
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Many traffic circles have been converted to modern roundabouts, including the former
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and have a straight-through section of carriageway for one of the major routes. The
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Small modern roundabout in the United States, where vehicles are driven on the right
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at the intersection of ten two-way and two one-way streets. It has no lane markings.
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1186:
586:, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where roundabouts replaced all traffic lights since 2011.
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tram passes through the centre of a roundabout on the approach to its terminus at
1993:
1989:
1649:
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engineers re-engineered and standardised circular intersections during the 1960s.
301:
He re-designed New York City's famous Columbus Circle, which was finished in 1905.
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4890:"Renovering af omdiskuteret rundkørsel er i gang - ikke godt nok mener kørelærer"
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Pavement markings invite cyclists to enter sidewalk on approach to roundabout in
1352:
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381:
285:
219:
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5505:
Highway Capacity Manual, Sixth Edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis
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using a roundabout until October 2017, when the junction was turned into a full
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5508:. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, US.
4420:"Roundabout opens in north Japan after lesson learned from 2011 quake, tsunami"
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2412:
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1585:
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Right-of-way: Whether entering or circling vehicles have the right of way. The
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and The Strand. Throughabouts are very common in Spain, where they are called
1336:, Mexico, is one of the city's most famous monuments. It features the goddess
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5295:, Bericht der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen zum Forschungsprojekt 8952, 1992
4105:"'Traffic lights are so dictatorial' ... but are roundabouts on the way out?"
3303:
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3194:
3165:
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3025:
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2463:, Hong Kong; Sheriffhall Roundabout in Edinburgh, Scotland; Newton Circus in
2420:
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2141:
2128:
1997:
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1503:
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857:, which is now six lanes wide and controlled by four separate intersections.
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4751:
3974:"Getting There: Perks for drivers of hybrid cars? Sorry, and here's why not"
3599:, Proceedings of ICE – Civil Engineering| volume=158 Issue 5 May 2005 p. 41
2621:
1506:. Cyclists are still permitted to use the roundabout like any other vehicle.
641:
161:
associated with perpendicular junctions and reduced queuing associated with
50:
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5064:"Roundabout photographs from The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Austria"
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2597:
Map with traffic direction and two routes from Fleming Way to Queen's Drive
2557:
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2297:
2285:
1557:
1406:, China, has a pedestrian bridge in the form of another, raised roundabout.
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1000:
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245:
41:"Traffic circle" redirects here. For the glaciated area in Antarctica, see
5355:
3548:
1359:, France, have been isolated from street traffic by means of a roundabout.
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Intersection Safety Roundabouts – Safety – Federal Highway Administration
4404:
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2864:
systems crosses two major roundabouts. At the Brook Hill roundabout near
2472:
2428:
2416:
2284:
of the roadway mainlines are grade separated. In the United Kingdom, the
2034:
1728:
1641:
is the most widely used software tool in the US for roundabout analysis.
1589:
1467:
1446:
1378:
1333:
1287:
1262:
1204:). Deflection is required to avoid vehicles entering at excessive speeds.
1182:
1046:
988:
461:
451:
263:
111:
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4931:"Spørg Fagfolket: Hvorfor skal øen i midten af rundkørslen være så høj?"
4804:"Index – Roundabout: An Informational Guide, June 2000 – FHWA-RD-00-067"
3702:
http://twofeet.weebly.com/walking-blog/the-five-circles-of-hanchett-park
3248:
rail trails have bicycle-pedestrian roundabouts. A roundabout along the
1309:
as among the 37 most innovative approaches to Public Art in the country.
647:
Modern roundabout intersection in Murrayville, Langley, British Columbia
8215:
8091:
7964:
7900:
7865:
7845:
7726:
7696:
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7206:
6212:"Frank Blackmore: traffic engineer and inventor of the mini-roundabout"
6196:
5853:
Pedestrian Crosswalk Signals at Roundabouts: Where are they Applicable?
5748:
4284:
3844:"Frank Blackmore: traffic engineer and inventor of the mini-roundabout"
3053:
2883:
2602:
2545:
2090:
1977:. The central dome also must be able to be overrun by larger vehicles.
1442:
1178:
876:
is also a traditional English name given to amusement rides known as a
107:
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2768:
1398:
1319:(Spain); Local government displayed sculptures at several roundabouts.
315:
1909 United Kingdom: The first British circular junction was built in
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1962:
1955:
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vehicles per day, while a two-lane design supports 40,000 to 50,000.
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289:
97:
77:
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tram roundabouts employ multiple configurations. At the Barrière de
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Examples include the M50 in Dublin; the Cherry Street roundabout in
1665:
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8106:
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UK Department for Transport, Signal Controlled Roundabouts LTN 1/09
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5599:
5544:
5226:
3953:
3868:
3777:
3272:
2846:
2783:
2713:
2451:
permits straight-through traffic to bypass the roundabout entirely.
2200:
2196:
2116:
2108:
2070:
2066:
1898:
1690:
1686:
1403:
1386:
881:
877:
761:
465:
267:
6115:
U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration
2397:
2343:
2238:
in North America) and the intersecting road. A single roundabout,
8177:
8161:
7830:
7681:
7191:
7166:
7003:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
6933:
6825:
5956:
Section 188, referring to Road Traffic Act 1988, Section 36, and
4136:
3419:
3268:
3049:
2842:
2492:
2460:
2444:
2423:, but a European example of a rotary interchange may be found in
2289:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2062:
2050:
2038:
1337:
1197:
1144:
567:
519:
444:
423:
274:
249:
166:
138:
5459:
Taylor, M.P., Barton, E.V., Bliss, J. and O'Brien, A.P. (1993).
4625:"Revealed: What is the most dangerous roundabout in Birmingham?"
2502:
The name derives from the popular children's television series,
1693:, United Kingdom. There is a free-flow lane for the A30 towards
522:, Netherlands, 1990. Cyclists may also be users of a roundabout.
8284:
7954:
7364:
7327:
6080:"Capacity of a turbo-roundabout determined by micro-simulation"
5971:"Turborotonde en turboplein: ontwerp, capaciteit en veiligheid"
4839:
4829:
https://en.wikisource.org/Traffic_Signs_Manual/Chapter_5/2009/8
3766:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering (4 December 2010).
3593:
Eugene Henard and the Beginning of Urbanism in Paris, 1900–1914
3276:
3089:
2905:
2898:
2872:
2819:
2818:
tracks passing through; for example at Bislett, Frogner plass,
2794:
2772:
2764:
2671:
In some cities, the tramway bisects the roundabout. The French
2482:
2424:
2320:
2058:
2025:
1694:
1623:(FHWA) culminated in a capacity model that was included in the
1601:
1348:
1305:(United States); Bend's Roundabout sculptures were honoured by
1302:
1294:
Roundabouts have attracted art installations around the world:
1225:
1039:
1012:
972:
In the United States, traffic engineers typically use the term
583:
535:
437:
433:
211:
5434:"Ireland's first Dutch-style roundabout opened in Dublin 15 -"
3765:
2272:
Additional use of roundabouts for high-speed junctions is the
1705:
Some larger roundabouts take foot and bicycle traffic through
1548:
Traffic approaching Chiverton Cross roundabout in Cornwall, UK
4546:"General Law – Part I, Title XIV, Chapter 89, Section 8"
3257:
3093:
2366:
2120:
2054:
1947:
1634:
1356:
779:
773:
30:
This article is about the road junction. For other uses, see
2443:
A major signal-controlled roundabout interchange in central
1988:
These roundabouts do not form a complete circle and have a "
1163:(looking from above); in right-hand traffic, anticlockwise.
406:
Widespread use of the modern roundabout began when the UK's
6964:
6928:
6053:
Verkeer – Verkeersveiligheid – Vorm (Traffic, Safety, Form)
5017:"Fuerteventura, art on the roads: roundabouts as galleries"
4750:
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Registry of Motor Vehicles.
3597:
Improving traffic behaviour and safety through urban design
2811:
2801:
2750:
2660:
2634:
2630:
2415:
rather than roundabouts. Rotary interchanges are common in
2347:
2017:
traffic on the roundabout, reducing the risk of collision.
872:
dates from early 20th-century use in the United Kingdom. A
5686:"Safer Roundabouts Sprouting Up All Over New York, Nation"
5462:
Effectiveness Audit of ARRB Intersection Capacity Research
4520:"Safety Aspects of Roundabouts – FHWA Safety Program"
3024:
Also known as a hamburger roundabout, these junctions are
2782:
in Poland has two tram roundabouts. In the city centre of
805:
shown. Direction arrows are mirrored for left-hand traffic
619:
488:
In 1991, France was building 1,000 roundabouts every year.
390:
191:
Circular junctions existed before roundabouts, including:
7795:
6805:"Bicycle roundabout sits at intersection of 3 bike paths"
6261:, Easier.com. 20 December 2005, retrieved 18 January 2008
2246:. This type of junction is common in the UK and Ireland.
2029:
A much applied turbo roundabout design in the Netherlands
1213:
Diameter: The greater the traffic, the larger the circle.
1003:
entering vehicles "Yield to vehicles in the roundabout."
6879:
5820:
Land Transport New Zealand Research Report 287. 140 pp.
5724:
5586:
Pochowski, Alek; Paul, Andy; Rodegerdts, Lee A. (2016).
5121:
5119:
4229:
4039:
Alternative Types of Roundabouts: An Informational Guide
3673:"Was alles in Görlitz erfunden wurde – Alles-Lausitz.de"
3344:, an early proponent of roundabouts in the United States
2853:
on Old Lodge Lane at the junction to King Henry's Drive.
2346:, Sweden, a roundabout connects two motorways, E22 from
186:
6077:
5958:
Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2002
5585:
3869:
Ourston Roundabout Engineering, Inc (13 January 2010).
503:
There were around 25,000 in the United Kingdom in 2015.
226:
6903:
from the Washington State Department of Transportation
5252:
Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
4696:
3224:
1837:
1131:
A roundabout next to the Elovainio shopping centre in
5313:
Sicherung von Radfahrern an städtischen Knotenpunkten
5293:
Sicherung von Radfahrern an städtischen Knotenpunkten
5116:
252:(which gave the city the nickname "The Circle City");
5818:
Improved multi-lane roundabout designs for cyclists.
5590:
Roundabout Practice, A Synthesis of Highway Practice
4798:
4796:
4794:
3916:"Roundabouts: A Direct Way to Safer Highways | FHWA"
2958:
Two roundabouts in the Melbourne metropolitan area,
2603:
Dutch-style roundabouts for bicycles and pedestrians
926:
Upstream roadway often flares at entry, adding lanes
6870:
Car Free America Roundabout Safety and Design Guide
6142:"Video: Eerste rit over het nieuwe knooppunt Joure"
5909:
5727:
Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering
4752:"Sharing the Road: A User's Manual for Public Ways"
3403:
Volume 2, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1993), page 2632
3267:Roundabouts are used on off-road bicycle trails in
2609:
Protected intersection § Protected roundabouts
2257:", which is increasingly common in both Europe and
1961:Mini-roundabouts are common in the UK, Ireland and
1200:) that allow full-speed entry to 90 degree angles (
4124:
2385:(the Leenderheide junction), the junction for the
1737:
635:Modern roundabout in Hughesville, Maryland in 2020
494:In 1999, Canada built its first modern roundabout.
6707:"Cómo circular en una Glorieta Partida (raqueta)"
6051:[Effects research of turbo roundabouts].
5776:In TranSafe Issue 5, April 2001. Wellington, NZ.
5311:". A translation of the text reads: Graphic from
4791:
4375:"A Shift, but for Some Drivers, a Vicious Circle"
4214:"Modern Roundabout Practice in the United States"
2528:(Hertfordshire), which has six intersections; in
2389:uses a roundabout. An overpass was built for the
500:In 2010, France had more than 30,000 roundabouts.
8353:
5219:
4865:
4599:"Scottish words of the week: The Dundee dialect"
4315:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3809:
2400:, Belgium, the Cheratte interchange between the
1343:Several famous monuments in Europe, such as the
1216:Island function: Parking, parks, fountains, etc.
399:The United Kingdom's first roundabout (1909) in
6923:Modern Roundabout Practice in the United States
5058:
5056:
5054:
4077:"European Import Has Cars Spinning. Heads, Too"
3327:History of street lighting in the United States
1965:(particularly on Hong Kong Island), as well as
1958:distinguish mini-roundabouts from larger ones.
903:are synonyms. However, several experts such as
277:: Brautwiesenplatz (Bride Meadow('s) Place) in
6909:from the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario
6865:City of Carmel, Indiana, USA, Roundabouts page
6727:Explanation in the website of a driving school
5636:
4887:
4840:Shashi S. Nambisan, Venu Parimi (March 2007).
4189:"Is the British roundabout conquering the US?"
3704:The Five Circles of Hanchett Park, 7 June 2014
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
2738:), while at Montgomery they tunnel underneath.
1713:
1615:Research on U.S. roundabouts sponsored by the
920:Entering traffic yields to circulating traffic
424:Spread in Europe and North America since 1970s
240:1821 US: The Governor's Circle (later renamed
6949:
6204:
6049:"Effecten realisatie turborotonde onderzocht"
6042:
6040:
4323:
4186:
3871:"Leif Ourston receives Frank Blackmore Award"
3651:. Nijmegen: Uitgeverij Vantilt. p. 131.
3522:. New York State Department of Transportation
3495:Washington State Department of Transportation
3461:"Roundabouts: A Direct Way to Safer Highways"
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
2690:, particularly in the inner suburban area of
940:Entering traffic cuts off circulating traffic
259:was designing one-way circular intersections.
6334:
6259:Brits vote on the best and worst roundabouts
5248:"Modern Roundabouts, an Informational Guide"
5051:
4438:
4232:Journal of the Transportation Research Board
3736:Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation.
3458:
2822:, Solli plass, Carl Berners plass and Storo.
2242:from the mainlines, may be used to create a
1869:After developing the offside priority rule,
1466:(or Dutch roundabout) were developed in the
1196:Angle of entry: Angles range from glancing (
1011:In the dialect used in the Scottish city of
582:Double-lane Raindrop Fountain Roundabout in
6880:TRL, The UK's Transport research Laboratory
5816:Campbell, D., Jurisich, I., Dunn, R. 2006.
5518:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5483:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4914:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4070:
4068:
4066:
4031:
4029:
3862:
2721:
976:for large-scale circular junctions between
6956:
6942:
6826:U.S. Department of Transportation (2013).
6361:
6359:
6037:
5683:
5677:
5487:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5388:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5185:(in French). Marc Lescuyer. Archived from
4773:"Vehicle & Traffic Law – Right of Way"
4182:
4180:
4102:
3553:IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety
3471:(2). Federal Highway Administration: 41–49
3425:
3401:The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary,
3147:Throughabout road sign in the Netherlands
2253:to create what often is referred to as a "
1261:The central island may be surrounded by a
323:Although some may still be referred to as
6837:
6195:
6185:
5738:
5714:. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
5571:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5273:"FHWA - MUTCD - 2003 Edition Chapter 3B2"
5242:
5240:
4866:Underlien Jensen, Søren (November 2012).
4331:"What lane should I use on a roundabout?"
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3646:
3040:. The United Kingdom has examples on the
2495:, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, designed by
2434:
2266:
2177:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
1796:Learn how and when to remove this message
1115:Learn how and when to remove this message
233:(who came to America in 1776) designed a
6055:(in Dutch). Dirk de Baan. Archived from
4509:(rotary: N. Amer. a traffic roundabout.)
4063:
4035:
4026:
3713:
3640:
3396:
3394:
2916:
2814:, Norway also has many roundabouts with
2640:
2620:
2612:
2512:installations) or counter-clockwise (in
2467:; and many of the roundabouts along the
2438:
2381:uses a 3-level stacked roundabout. Near
2220:
2160:
2024:
1941:
1843:
1741:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1543:
1397:
1277:
1253:A fountain dominates this roundabout in
1248:
1224:
1138:
1126:
1078:This section includes a list of general
676:
614:A roundabout sign example used in the UK
394:
106:
49:
6356:
6239:Swindon's Magic Roundabout from the air
5209:"Section 7: Laws and Rules of the Road"
5163:(in English and German). www.flickr.com
4372:
4177:
4156:
2793:In Vítězné náměstí (Victory Square) in
2225:Motorway junction with roundabout near
1983:
1631:TRB-FHWA Roundabout Informational Guide
1604:, Rodel, Highway Capacity Software and
1060:
620:North American introduction since 1990s
391:1960s development of modern roundabouts
361:Thomas Circle in Washington, D.C., 1922
14:
8354:
6397:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6167:
5915:
5774:How Safe are Roundabouts for Cyclists?
5684:Richtmeyer, Richard (6 January 2008).
5501:
5237:
4990:. Art in Public Places. Archived from
4961:. Art in Public Places. Archived from
4928:
4130:
3971:
3946:
3933:
3794:
3761:
3759:
3632:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3420:U.S. Department of Transportation 2013
3100:, one is found at the intersection of
3036:resembles the cross-section through a
2182:
1719:to indicate that it is time to cross.
1576:Roundabouts have been found to reduce
1539:
1414:
1385:has an Obelisk containing art and the
415:to give way to circulating traffic. A
8052:Median / Central reservation
6937:
6891:Mini-roundabouts – Getting them Right
6875:Video of Highway Roundabout in Canada
6828:"Roundabouts: an Informational Guide"
6606:Astley/Boothstown border "Roundabout"
5639:Institute of Transportation Engineers
5350:
5348:
5278:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
4846:Institute of Transportation Engineers
4373:Capuzzo, Jill P. (25 November 2007).
4292:"Roundabouts: an informational guide"
3824:from the original on 11 December 2021
3810:Christine Beldon (17 December 2019).
3459:Ourston, Leif; Bared, Joe G. (1995).
3391:
3286:An elevated roundabout is located in
3019:
2011:
1996:" shape. They have also been used at
1595:
1534:, as commonly used in the Netherlands
1057:is used in referring to roundabouts.
884:in other English-speaking countries.
838:Roundabouts are normally not used on
187:Origins and demise of traffic circles
6496:"144.9930580000&,-37.9200150000"
6478:"145.039044269836,-37.9447586507931"
6452:"Jensen Beach Roundabouts Charrette"
5834:retrieved 6/26/2010 access-board.gov
5327:
4959:"Art In Public Places, Bend, Oregon"
4004:
3949:"De rotonde. Veilig rondjes rijden?"
3189:Throughabout road sign in Australia
3032:name derives from the fact that the
3012:southbound from SH 6 northbound and
2203:that are separated by a long fjord,
2020:
1753:
1273:
1064:
731:
379:. This traffic circle surrounds the
344:National Register of Historic Places
6127:For sources and references see the
6047:Vos, Christiaan (31 January 2016).
6046:
5536:Roundabouts: An Informational Guide
5532:
5133:. www.panoramio.com. Archived from
5104:"Roundabout photographs from Spain"
5084:"Roundabout photographs from Italy"
5039:"Photographs of French roundabouts"
4706:Kansas Department of Transportation
4131:Wright, Lucas (18 September 2019).
4074:
3769:Roundabouts: An Informational Guide
3756:
3534:
3225:Only bicycle-pedestrian roundabouts
1864:
1838:Smaller, small and mini-roundabouts
1813:Design Manual for Roads and Bridges
457:In 1980, Norway had 15 roundabouts.
144:In the USA, engineers use the term
24:
7970:Risk compensation (road transport)
6963:
6925:from Transportation Research Board
6838:Stenquist, Paul (20 August 2020).
6272:"World's worst junctions revealed"
6131:on this tunnel and its roundabout.
6078:Isaak Yperman; Ben Immers (2003).
5688:. Associated Press. Archived from
5345:
5019:. Roberto Alborghetti. 2 July 2012
4649:
4522:. 3 September 2014. Archived from
4266:"WSDOT – Washington's Roundabouts"
3076:, Bramcote in Nottinghamshire and
2483:"Magic" roundabouts/ring junctions
2312:. A similar design to this is the
2191:), opened in December 2020 in the
1823:The term "gyratory" (for example,
1818:
1746:The world's largest roundabout at
1445:, but were replaced by a narrowed
1084:it lacks sufficient corresponding
659:Roundabout sign in Ontario, Canada
373:Traffic ten abreast traverses the
255:1877 France: The French architect
25:
8383:
6858:
5772:Wilke, A. and Koorey, G. (2001).
5357:Design manual for bicycle traffic
5183:"Inventory of French roundabouts"
4268:. 11 October 2016. Archived from
4161:. lasvegasnow.com. Archived from
3972:Hadley, Jane (22 November 2004).
3514:
2804:, Ukraine an interchange of two "
2520:Similar systems are found in the
2411:Rotary interchanges operate with
2199:with two locations on the island
1042:'s roundabouts are of this type.
1019:is used to refer to roundabouts.
954:U.S. Department of Transportation
815:roundabout" is a type of looping
8336:Glossary of road transport terms
6797:
6771:
6758:Shaw, Jeffrey and Moler, Steve,
6752:
6732:
6699:
6679:
6659:
6639:
6598:
6578:
6551:
6524:
6506:
6488:
6470:
6444:
6417:
6405:
6314:
6294:
6282:
6264:
6252:
6230:
6161:
6152:
6134:
6121:
6100:
6071:
5945:"The Highway Code – Roundabouts"
5916:Rhodes, Belinda (21 June 2008).
5307:Scroll to the section labelled "
4868:"Rundkørsler og trafiksikkerhed"
4157:Roselli, Dayna (18 April 2007).
4075:Keh, Andreh (18 November 2010).
3812:"Why The U.S. Hates Roundabouts"
3647:Verhoeven, Dolly (red.) (2009).
3371:
3182:
3140:
3128:
2590:
2575:
1975:Secretary of State for Transport
1925:
1907:
1885:
1758:
1523:
1511:
1495:
1479:
1231:Leiden University Medical Center
1069:
787:
772:
760:
745:
652:
640:
628:
607:
591:
575:
559:
543:
527:
511:
366:
354:
336:
92:Movement within a roundabout in
85:
72:Movement within a roundabout in
65:
8362:Roundabouts and traffic circles
6289:10 Scariest Junctions in the UK
6015:
5989:
5963:
5960:, Regulations 10(1) & 16(1)
5937:
5897:
5871:
5865:"| Guinness World Records"
5857:
5845:
5826:
5810:
5789:
5766:
5718:
5704:
5645:
5630:
5579:
5526:
5495:
5452:
5426:
5400:
5318:
5298:
5285:
5265:
5201:
5175:
5149:
5096:
5076:
5031:
5009:
4977:
4951:
4922:
4881:
4859:
4833:
4821:
4765:
4743:
4719:
4690:
4674:. February 2010. Archived from
4662:
4643:
4617:
4591:
4563:
4538:
4512:
4412:
4392:
4366:
4349:
4258:
4223:
4206:
4150:
4096:
4042:. Cham: Springer. p. 110.
3998:
3965:
3908:
3895:
3836:
3729:
3707:
3695:
3665:
3348:Roundabout Appreciation Society
3234:University of California, Davis
2419:, particularly in the state of
2314:three-level diamond interchange
1738:Types of circular intersections
1588:emissions by 23–37 percent and
887:In U.S. dictionaries the terms
6667:"Mytongate on the A63 in Hull"
6586:"Haydock Island in Merseyside"
6025:. Transoft Solutions Inc. 2014
6023:"Benefits of Turboroundabouts"
5975:Delft University of Technology
5712:"Roundabouts - Topic overview"
4929:Hansen, Winnie (2 June 2019).
4571:"Rhode Island Driver's Manual"
4103:Wylie, Ian (19 October 2015).
4005:Dahl, Doug (18 January 2021).
3585:
3567:"Roundabout Rules of the Road"
3559:
3508:
3483:
2886:line on the south side of the
2808:" lines is below a roundabout.
2195:. It connects the main island
2113:Delft University of Technology
2005:
1767:This article needs editing to
1621:Federal Highway Administration
1006:
863:
440:adopted the modern roundabout.
299:favored small traffic circles.
112:The Hotel Indonesia Roundabout
13:
1:
8318:Pavement performance modeling
8308:International roughness index
6918:Benefits of a Turboroundabout
4775:. 3 July 2011. Archived from
4187:Tom Geoghegan (1 July 2011).
3384:
1875:Transport Research Laboratory
1617:Transportation Research Board
1393:
417:Transportation Research Board
408:Transport Research Laboratory
8313:Present serviceability index
8107:Sidewalk / Pavement
7652:Diamond grinding of pavement
6887:– Geocoded National Database
6713:(in Spanish). Archived from
6687:"Morley and Alexander Drive"
6559:"Kumara Junction Roundabout"
4697:Kittleson & Associates.
3982:. p. B1. Archived from
3714:BBC News (2 November 2004).
2973:At the Driescher Kreisel in
2851:King Henry's Drive tram stop
2210:
1584:emissions by 21–44 percent,
1580:emissions by 15–45 percent,
1370:contains a statue to Father
1210:Lane changes: Allowed or not
946:Lanes are not added at entry
933:Nonconforming traffic circle
681:Roundabout built in 2023 in
566:Roundabout in the centre of
295:1905 US: American architect
7:
8285:Underpass / Tunnel
8280:Overpass / Flyover
8034:High-occupancy vehicle lane
7924:Driving under the influence
6998:Freeway / Motorway
6896:Turbo Roundabout Simulation
3679:(in German). Archived from
3332:History of roads in Ireland
3297:
2929:/Main Street roundabout in
2912:
2491:was constructed in 1972 in
2373:. The junction between the
2331:, the junction between the
1714:Vision-impaired pedestrians
1449:to encourage lane sharing.
1437:use pedestrian crossings.
1431:
266:: The Keizer Karelplein in
43:Traffic Circle (Antarctica)
32:Roundabout (disambiguation)
10:
8388:
7212:Highway systems by country
6819:
6187:10.3390/electronics9101726
6168:Ibanez, Guillermo (2020).
3979:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
3947:Kooman, Bas (March 2001).
3301:
3208:31.8902952°S 115.8698988°E
2943:Florida East Coast Railway
2606:
2456:improve traffic capacity.
2274:3-level stacked roundabout
2214:
1244:
1220:
982:controlled-access highways
840:controlled-access highways
823:to traffic already on it.
443:In 1973, the U.S. city of
181:
137:or junction in which road
40:
29:
8331:
8323:Granular base equivalency
8293:
8264:
8170:
8142:Traffic signal preemption
7987:
7947:
7909:
7751:
7740:
7592:
7550:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
7479:
7456:Single-point urban (SPUI)
7396:
7387:
7315:
7220:
7134:
7016:
6983:
6974:
5335:"Roundabouts | ADOT"
5305:Vortragsfolien Radverkehr
3322:History of road transport
3042:A580 East Lancashire Road
2871:A roundabout in southern
2393:from Antwerp to Germany.
2089:, and the U.S. states of
1644:
1173:Design criteria include:
1159:countries they circulate
967:
855:Chelmsford, Massachusetts
767:Vienna Convention warning
8303:Pavement condition index
8029:High-occupancy toll lane
8024:Contraflow lane reversal
7999:Barrier transfer machine
6291:, BBC, 27 November 2009.
5879:"History of Roundabouts"
5622:: CS1 maint: location (
5567:: CS1 maint: location (
5479:: CS1 maint: location (
4629:www.birminghammail.co.uk
4450:26 December 2013 at the
4357:"New Jersey roundabouts"
4036:Tollazzi, Tomaž (2014).
3364:
3213:-31.8902952; 115.8698988
3121:glorieta/rotonda partida
2741:In Dublin, Ireland, the
2655:
2584:Swindon Magic Roundabout
2556:(Staffordshire) and the
1769:comply with Knowledge's
1681:roundabout in the UK at
1629:(HCM) Edition 6 and the
739:Roundabout sign examples
235:plan of Washington, D.C.
7157:Express-collector setup
6840:"All About Roundabouts"
6711:Autoescuela Miguel Blog
6514:"Der Driescher Kreisel"
6342:"SABRE: Magic Gyratory"
5851:Bill Baranowski, P.E.,
5797:"Crash analysis system"
5783:15 October 2008 at the
4337:. AXA. 16 November 2017
2941:, the main line of the
2837:. This also happens in
2540:(Buckinghamshire), the
2532:(Buckinghamshire), the
1626:Highway Capacity Manual
1454:Brown Road and Loop 202
1383:Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
1368:Bakersfield, California
1168:roundabout interchanges
1099:more precise citations.
348:Yarmouth, Massachusetts
306:Hanchett Residence Park
231:Pierre Charles L'Enfant
36:Rotary (disambiguation)
8341:Road types by features
8236:Raised pavement marker
8203:Constant-slope barrier
8127:Traffic directionality
8117:Street running railway
7540:Protected intersection
6414:, Prague trams fun web
6218:. London. 14 June 2008
5997:"Turborotondes - CROW"
5131:Panoramio: Roundabouts
4652:"Government of Jersey"
3903:"How Roundabouts Work"
3850:. London. 14 June 2008
3166:51.850517°N 5.831576°E
3123:("split roundabout").
2934:
2827:Wolverhampton, England
2722:
2652:
2638:
2618:
2617:Dutch-style roundabout
2560:Roundabout in London.
2489:first magic roundabout
2452:
2435:Signalised roundabouts
2278:roundabout interchange
2244:roundabout interchange
2230:
2217:Roundabout interchange
2166:
2142:51.561399°N 0.452934°E
2043:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2030:
1950:
1853:
1848:A small roundabout in
1751:
1698:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1549:
1452:The roundabout at the
1407:
1364:Garces Memorial Circle
1307:Americans for the Arts
1291:
1258:
1234:
1148:
1143:An oval roundabout in
1136:
987:In the United States'
685:
403:
401:Letchworth Garden City
317:Letchworth Garden City
133:are types of circular
118:
58:
8198:Concrete step barrier
7535:Offset T-intersection
6647:"Winnersh, Berkshire"
6532:"Blenheim Roundabout"
6520:on 27 September 2011.
5903:Transport for London
5839:31 March 2012 at the
5392:) CS1 maint: others (
5227:"Facts & figures"
4501:("roundabout: UK (US
4458:A traffic circle."),
4012:The Bellingham Herald
3649:De Canon van Nijmegen
3491:"Roundabout Benefits"
3014:State Highway 73
2939:Jensen Beach, Florida
2920:
2780:Silesian tram network
2644:
2624:
2616:
2564:Churchbridge Junction
2542:Greenstead Roundabout
2442:
2310:free-flow interchange
2224:
2172:Windesheim University
2164:
2028:
1945:
1847:
1745:
1697:(nearest the camera).
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1547:
1464:Protected roundabouts
1401:
1281:
1252:
1228:
1142:
1130:
680:
398:
110:
53:
8241:Road surface marking
7939:Single-vehicle crash
7662:Full depth recycling
7560:Seagull intersection
6785:on 23 September 2006
6093:on 27 December 2016.
6003:on 26 September 2017
5469:on 27 February 2016.
4474:("roundabout, noun:
3317:Direction of traffic
3256:, connects the main
3254:Bloomington, Indiana
3080:, as well as on the
3010:State Highway 6
2986:State Highway 1
2927:State Highway 1
2925:railway bisects the
2880:Salt Lake City, Utah
2866:Sheffield University
2700:Haymarket roundabout
2646:Haymarket roundabout
2637:cross the roundabout
2505:The Magic Roundabout
2357:In the Netherlands,
2255:dumbbell interchange
2002:dogbone interchanges
1984:Raindrop roundabouts
1946:Roundabout in rural
1893:Small roundabout in
1825:Hanger Lane gyratory
1532:protected roundabout
1420:Pedestrian crossings
1061:Operation and design
991:region, however, a "
844:limited-access roads
598:Roundabout signs in
534:Small roundabout in
310:San Jose, California
56:La Crosse, Wisconsin
27:Traffic intersection
8367:Road junction types
8067:Pedestrian crossing
7630:Reinforced concrete
7466:Three-level diamond
7177:Two-lane expressway
7162:Farm-to-market road
6907:Highway Roundabouts
6901:Roundabout Benefits
6765:10 May 2009 at the
6500:Australia Mapsearch
6482:Australia Mapsearch
6458:on 21 November 2008
5692:on 15 December 2012
5189:on 11 November 2008
4877:(in Danish): 26–29.
4650:Jersey, States of.
4526:on 3 September 2014
4424:Mainichi Daily News
3986:on 22 November 2004
3905:. howstuffworks.com
3738:"Sign of the Times"
3238:Stanford University
3204: /
3171:51.850517; 5.831576
3162: /
2862:Sheffield Supertram
2831:West Midlands Metro
2743:Red Cow interchange
2736:Charleroisesteenweg
2522:Moor End roundabout
2469:Paseo de la Reforma
2365:used to cross near
2325:Red Cow interchange
2263:dogbone interchange
2251:diamond interchange
2227:Opatovice nad Labem
2183:Sub-sea roundabouts
2147:51.561399; 0.452934
2138: /
1915:Mini-roundabout in
1832:Elephant and Castle
1778:improve the content
1540:Capacity and delays
1415:Pedestrian crossing
1402:This roundabout in
454:had 19 roundabouts.
8097:Runaway truck ramp
7919:Driver's education
7707:Rubberized asphalt
7642:Crocodile cracking
7565:Split intersection
7333:Hierarchy of roads
7294:Single carriageway
6885:Modern Roundabouts
6844:The New York Times
6717:on 17 October 2014
6379:on 19 October 2019
6148:. 13 October 2017.
6146:Leeuwarder Courant
6059:on 28 January 2017
5885:on 27 January 2008
5749:10.1111/mice.12623
5137:on 3 November 2013
4997:on 3 November 2013
4400:"Drum Hill Rotary"
4379:The New York Times
4272:on 11 October 2016
4082:The New York Times
3883:on 29 October 2013
3744:on 16 October 2006
3716:"Roundabout Magic"
3358:Traffic congestion
3066:Manchester Airport
3020:Through roundabout
2935:
2888:University of Utah
2858:Sheffield, England
2758:Gothenburg, Sweden
2653:
2639:
2619:
2453:
2319:Most junctions on
2231:
2189:Eysturoyartunnilin
2167:
2047:the United Kingdom
2031:
2012:Balcony roundabout
1951:
1854:
1752:
1699:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1639:Sidra Intersection
1606:Sidra Intersection
1596:Capacity modelling
1569:the smaller gaps.
1550:
1408:
1330:Minerva Roundabout
1292:
1284:Minerva Roundabout
1259:
1235:
1149:
1137:
1030:is in common use.
803:Right-hand traffic
686:
404:
297:William Phelps Eno
155:head-on collisions
119:
116:Jakarta, Indonesia
74:right-hand traffic
59:
8372:French inventions
8349:
8348:
8157:Wide outside lane
7983:
7982:
7960:Automotive safety
7841:Road slipperiness
7588:
7587:
7436:Diverging diamond
7383:
7382:
7299:Single-track road
7241:Bicycle boulevard
6809:The Capital Times
6344:. 8 November 2013
5609:978-0-309-27208-7
5554:978-0-309-15511-3
5412:Highways Industry
5367:978-90-6628-659-7
4875:Trafik & Veje
4550:malegislature.gov
4445:American Heritage
3787:978-0-309-15511-3
3573:on 9 January 2014
3250:Clear Creek Trail
3240:, as well as the
3098:Western Australia
2980:In New Zealand's
2975:Bergisch Gladbach
2960:Highett, Victoria
2534:Denham Roundabout
2021:Turbo roundabouts
1934:
1920:
1902:
1850:Waterloo, Ontario
1806:
1805:
1798:
1724:civil engineering
1425:pedestrian island
1274:Art installations
1157:left-hand traffic
1125:
1124:
1117:
958:modern roundabout
956:adopted the term
913:Modern roundabout
753:Vienna Convention
732:Modern roundabout
695:European Vacation
683:Holmen, Wisconsin
672:Summerlin, Nevada
376:Place de l'Étoile
216:Place de l'Étoile
146:modern roundabout
94:left-hand traffic
16:(Redirected from
8379:
8193:Cat's eye (road)
8014:Complete streets
7786:Dead Man's Curve
7749:
7748:
7687:Pavement milling
7602:Asphalt concrete
7545:Quadrant roadway
7486:
7408:
7394:
7393:
7360:Street hierarchy
7008:Elevated highway
6981:
6980:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6935:
6934:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6834:
6832:
6813:
6812:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6781:. Archived from
6775:
6769:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6722:
6703:
6697:
6696:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6630:
6625:
6623:
6615:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6582:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6516:. Archived from
6510:
6504:
6503:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6454:. Archived from
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6421:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6396:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6378:
6372:. Archived from
6371:
6363:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6298:
6292:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6268:
6262:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6189:
6165:
6159:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6138:
6132:
6129:separate article
6125:
6119:
6118:
6112:
6104:
6098:
6094:
6092:
6086:. Archived from
6075:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6044:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6008:
5999:. Archived from
5993:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5977:. 8 January 2013
5967:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5881:. Archived from
5875:
5869:
5868:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5830:
5824:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5793:
5787:
5770:
5764:
5760:
5742:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5664:
5658:. Archived from
5657:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5621:
5613:
5583:
5577:
5576:
5566:
5558:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5517:
5509:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5478:
5470:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5387:
5379:
5352:
5343:
5342:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5316:
5302:
5296:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5244:
5235:
5234:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5123:
5114:
5113:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5060:
5049:
5048:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4913:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4872:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4800:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4731:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4678:on 17 April 2010
4666:
4660:
4659:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4631:. 26 August 2016
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4605:. 4 October 2013
4603:www.scotsman.com
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4575:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4516:
4510:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4426:. 6 January 2020
4416:
4410:
4409:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4296:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4165:on 26 March 2012
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4072:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3944:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3920:highways.dot.gov
3912:
3906:
3901:Clint Pumphrey.
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3879:. Archived from
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3807:
3792:
3791:
3772:(2nd ed.).
3763:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3740:. Archived from
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3683:on 7 August 2017
3677:Alles-Lausitz.de
3669:
3663:
3662:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3631:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3607:. Archived from
3606:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3569:. Archived from
3563:
3557:
3556:
3545:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3521:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3456:
3423:
3417:
3404:
3398:
3378:
3375:
3337:Level of service
3312:Complete streets
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3144:
3132:
3116:
3088:intersection in
2725:
2723:Bareel St-Gillis
2708:Elizabeth Street
2681:
2627:Nationaltheatret
2594:
2579:
2329:Northern Ireland
2229:, Czech Republic
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
1932:
1929:
1914:
1911:
1892:
1889:
1865:Mini-roundabouts
1801:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1527:
1515:
1499:
1483:
1372:Francisco Garces
1187:Washington, D.C.
1120:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1095:this section by
1086:inline citations
1073:
1072:
1065:
791:
776:
764:
749:
722:Washington state
656:
644:
632:
611:
595:
579:
563:
547:
531:
515:
370:
358:
340:
89:
69:
21:
8387:
8386:
8382:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8327:
8295:
8289:
8260:
8251:Traffic barrier
8211:F-Shape barrier
8166:
8122:Traffic calming
8082:Reversible lane
8072:Pedestrian zone
8057:Motorcycle lane
8019:Contraflow lane
7991:time allocation
7990:
7979:
7975:Underride guard
7943:
7905:
7791:Expansion joint
7753:
7743:
7736:
7722:Stamped asphalt
7584:
7515:Continuous flow
7488:
7484:
7483:
7475:
7409:
7405:grade-separated
7402:
7401:
7379:
7338:Private highway
7311:
7216:
7130:
7012:
6970:
6962:
6913:Roundabouts Now
6861:
6848:
6846:
6830:
6822:
6817:
6816:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6788:
6786:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6767:Wayback Machine
6757:
6753:
6738:
6737:
6733:
6720:
6718:
6705:
6704:
6700:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6628:
6626:
6617:
6616:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6569:
6567:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6542:
6540:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6512:
6511:
6507:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6461:
6459:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6435:
6433:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6412:Vítězné náměstí
6410:
6406:
6390:
6389:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6369:
6367:"Archived copy"
6365:
6364:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6287:
6283:
6270:
6269:
6265:
6257:
6253:
6244:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6221:
6219:
6210:
6209:
6205:
6166:
6162:
6157:
6153:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6126:
6122:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6090:
6076:
6072:
6062:
6060:
6045:
6038:
6028:
6026:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6006:
6004:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5980:
5978:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5928:
5926:
5914:
5910:
5902:
5898:
5888:
5886:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5841:Wayback Machine
5831:
5827:
5815:
5811:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5785:Wayback Machine
5771:
5767:
5723:
5719:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5695:
5693:
5682:
5678:
5668:
5666:
5665:on 14 July 2014
5662:
5655:
5653:"Status Report"
5651:
5650:
5646:
5635:
5631:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5584:
5580:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5531:
5527:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5496:
5472:
5471:
5457:
5453:
5443:
5441:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5414:. 7 August 2020
5406:
5405:
5401:
5381:
5380:
5368:
5354:
5353:
5346:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5323:
5319:
5303:
5299:
5290:
5286:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5245:
5238:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5192:
5190:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5125:
5124:
5117:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5062:
5061:
5052:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4985:"Pillar of art"
4983:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4941:Vejdirektoratet
4927:
4923:
4907:
4906:
4899:
4897:
4886:
4882:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4848:
4838:
4834:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4801:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:"Driver manual"
4725:
4724:
4720:
4710:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4679:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4529:
4527:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4472:Merriam-Webster
4456:Chiefly British
4452:Wayback Machine
4443:
4439:
4429:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4371:
4367:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4244:10.3141/2019-26
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4185:
4178:
4168:
4166:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4073:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4034:
4027:
4017:
4015:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3970:
3966:
3945:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3808:
3795:
3788:
3764:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3645:
3641:
3625:
3624:
3617:
3615:
3614:on 30 July 2007
3611:
3604:
3602:"Archived copy"
3600:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3547:
3546:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:Hesch, Maxine.
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3457:
3426:
3418:
3407:
3399:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3307:
3300:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3136:
3133:
3114:
3102:Alexander Drive
3022:
3006:Hokitika Branch
2998:Kumara Junction
2994:Main North Line
2923:Main North Line
2915:
2692:South Melbourne
2675:
2658:
2611:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2586:
2580:
2526:Hemel Hempstead
2497:Frank Blackmore
2485:
2437:
2413:traffic circles
2352:Inner ring road
2342:In the city of
2240:grade separated
2219:
2213:
2185:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2079:North Macedonia
2023:
2014:
1986:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1890:
1871:Frank Blackmore
1867:
1840:
1821:
1819:Gyratory system
1802:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1775:
1771:Manual of Style
1763:
1759:
1740:
1716:
1647:
1598:
1578:carbon monoxide
1542:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1516:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1472:promote cycling
1456:interchange in
1434:
1417:
1396:
1353:Arc du Triomphe
1351:, Spain or the
1276:
1255:Aix-en-Provence
1247:
1223:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1091:Please help to
1090:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1035:Channel Islands
1022:In the English
1009:
970:
962:northeastern US
950:
949:
929:
866:
809:
808:
807:
806:
799:
798:
797:
795:
792:
784:
783:
777:
769:
768:
765:
757:
756:
750:
741:
740:
734:
713:Carmel, Indiana
664:
663:
662:
661:
660:
657:
649:
648:
645:
637:
636:
633:
622:
615:
612:
603:
596:
587:
580:
571:
564:
555:
548:
539:
532:
523:
516:
426:
412:Frank Blackmore
393:
386:
382:Arc de Triomphe
371:
362:
359:
350:
341:
308:in what is now
300:
286:Columbus Circle
242:Monument Circle
220:Arc de Triomphe
203:in the city of
189:
184:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
90:
82:
81:
70:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8385:
8375:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8338:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8299:
8297:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8268:
8266:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8221:Jersey barrier
8218:
8213:
8208:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8174:
8172:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8152:Unused highway
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8132:Traffic island
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7995:
7993:
7985:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7929:Drowsy driving
7926:
7921:
7915:
7913:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7811:Level crossing
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7757:
7755:
7746:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7609:
7604:
7598:
7596:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7510:Channelization
7507:
7502:
7497:
7495:3-way junction
7491:
7489:
7480:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7410:
7397:
7391:
7389:Road junctions
7385:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7353:business route
7350:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7319:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7283:
7281:Primitive road
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7152:County highway
7149:
7147:Collector road
7144:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7121:United Kingdom
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7056:Czech Republic
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7022:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6989:
6987:
6985:Limited-access
6978:
6972:
6971:
6961:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6904:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6860:
6859:External links
6857:
6856:
6855:
6835:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6796:
6770:
6751:
6731:
6698:
6678:
6658:
6638:
6597:
6577:
6550:
6523:
6505:
6487:
6469:
6443:
6416:
6404:
6355:
6333:
6322:"Hatton Cross"
6313:
6302:"High Wycombe"
6293:
6281:
6263:
6251:
6229:
6203:
6160:
6151:
6133:
6120:
6099:
6070:
6036:
6014:
5988:
5962:
5936:
5908:
5896:
5870:
5856:
5844:
5825:
5809:
5788:
5765:
5733:(3): 346–361.
5717:
5703:
5676:
5644:
5629:
5608:
5600:10.17226/23477
5578:
5553:
5545:10.17226/22914
5525:
5494:
5451:
5438:IrishCycle.com
5425:
5399:
5366:
5344:
5326:
5317:
5297:
5284:
5264:
5236:
5218:
5213:California DMV
5200:
5174:
5148:
5115:
5095:
5075:
5050:
5030:
5008:
4976:
4950:
4921:
4880:
4858:
4832:
4820:
4790:
4779:on 3 July 2011
4764:
4742:
4718:
4689:
4661:
4642:
4616:
4590:
4562:
4537:
4511:
4507:Concise Oxford
4503:traffic circle
4492:traffic circle
4484:traffic circle
4468:traffic circle
4462:("roundabout:
4454:("roundabout:
4437:
4411:
4391:
4365:
4348:
4322:
4283:
4257:
4222:
4205:
4176:
4149:
4123:
4095:
4062:
4048:
4025:
3997:
3964:
3932:
3907:
3894:
3861:
3835:
3793:
3786:
3778:10.17226/22914
3755:
3728:
3706:
3694:
3664:
3657:
3639:
3584:
3558:
3533:
3507:
3482:
3424:
3405:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3353:Roundabout dog
3350:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3299:
3296:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3188:
3181:
3179:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3127:
3092:, Ireland. In
3050:Haydock Island
3021:
3018:
2933:, New Zealand.
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2876:
2869:
2854:
2823:
2809:
2798:
2791:
2776:
2761:
2755:
2739:
2728:Hoogte Honderd
2711:
2684:
2669:
2657:
2654:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2484:
2481:
2436:
2433:
2212:
2209:
2184:
2181:
2075:Czech Republic
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
1985:
1982:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1873:, of the UK's
1866:
1863:
1839:
1836:
1820:
1817:
1804:
1803:
1766:
1764:
1757:
1739:
1736:
1715:
1712:
1646:
1643:
1597:
1594:
1586:carbon dioxide
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1433:
1430:
1416:
1413:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1381:, the town of
1375:
1360:
1345:Gate of Alcalá
1341:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:Canary Islands
1310:
1275:
1272:
1246:
1243:
1229:Roundabout at
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1194:
1191:New York State
1123:
1122:
1077:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1008:
1005:
969:
966:
948:
947:
944:
941:
937:
936:
934:
930:
928:
927:
924:
921:
917:
916:
914:
910:
909:
893:traffic circle
882:merry-go-round
865:
862:
801:
800:
793:
786:
785:
778:
771:
770:
766:
759:
758:
751:
744:
743:
742:
738:
737:
736:
735:
733:
730:
717:James Brainard
715:, whose mayor
709:
708:
705:
702:
699:
658:
651:
650:
646:
639:
638:
634:
627:
626:
625:
624:
623:
621:
618:
617:
616:
613:
606:
604:
597:
590:
588:
581:
574:
572:
565:
558:
556:
550:Roundabout in
549:
542:
540:
533:
526:
524:
517:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:
501:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
479:
476:
472:
469:
458:
455:
448:
441:
432:In the 1970s,
430:
425:
422:
392:
389:
388:
387:
372:
365:
363:
360:
353:
351:
342:
335:
321:
320:
313:
302:
293:
282:
271:
260:
253:
238:
223:
208:
205:Bath, Somerset
197:United Kingdom
188:
185:
183:
180:
163:traffic lights
131:traffic circle
91:
84:
83:
71:
64:
63:
62:
61:
60:
54:Roundabout in
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8384:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8330:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8292:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8231:Noise barrier
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8188:Cable barrier
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8169:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8137:Traffic lanes
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8077:Refuge island
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8042:Living street
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8009:Climbing lane
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7986:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7911:Human factors
7908:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7876:Traffic light
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7826:Oversize load
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7816:Manhole cover
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7739:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7647:Crushed stone
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7597:
7595:
7591:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7530:Michigan left
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7482:Intersections
7478:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7431:Directional T
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7406:
7400:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7348:special route
7346:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7266:Frontage road
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7142:Arterial road
7140:
7139:
7137:
7133:
7127:
7126:United States
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6976:Types of road
6973:
6969:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6952:
6947:
6945:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6845:
6841:
6836:
6829:
6824:
6823:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6784:
6780:
6774:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6755:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6728:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6702:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6682:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6662:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6642:
6634:
6621:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6601:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6581:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6554:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6483:
6479:
6473:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6420:
6413:
6408:
6400:
6394:
6375:
6368:
6362:
6360:
6343:
6337:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6317:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6290:
6285:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6260:
6255:
6241:
6240:
6233:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6164:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6137:
6130:
6124:
6116:
6109:
6103:
6097:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6074:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6043:
6041:
6024:
6018:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5959:
5946:
5940:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5798:
5792:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5713:
5707:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5661:
5654:
5648:
5640:
5633:
5625:
5619:
5611:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5582:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5556:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5515:
5507:
5506:
5498:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5455:
5440:. 29 May 2023
5439:
5435:
5429:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5351:
5349:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5321:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5301:
5294:
5288:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5018:
5012:
4993:
4986:
4980:
4965:on 9 May 2008
4964:
4960:
4954:
4947:
4942:
4939:(in Danish).
4938:
4937:
4932:
4925:
4917:
4911:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4830:
4824:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4753:
4746:
4728:
4722:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4579:
4572:
4566:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4464:Chiefly Brit.
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4441:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4358:
4352:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4318:
4312:
4293:
4287:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4215:
4209:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4181:
4164:
4160:
4159:"Roundabouts"
4153:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4099:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4051:
4049:9783319090849
4045:
4041:
4040:
4032:
4030:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4001:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3760:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3698:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3660:
3658:9789460040351
3654:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3629:
3610:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3549:"Roundabouts"
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3518:
3511:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3390:
3374:
3370:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3304:Bowtie (road)
3295:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3217:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:(Spanish for
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:curbed/kerbed
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:boom barriers
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:New Addington
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2732:Stefaniaplein
2729:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2610:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:Staffordshire
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:Massachusetts
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:Y-interchange
2368:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:North America
2256:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2193:Faroe Islands
2190:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1800:
1797:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:Carland Cross
1680:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:nitrous oxide
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1546:
1533:
1530:3D view of a
1526:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:Mesa, Arizona
1498:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:Mesa, Arizona
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1313:Fuerteventura
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:perpendicular
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1116:
1108:
1105:December 2013
1098:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:West Midlands
1020:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:Massachusetts
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
965:
963:
959:
955:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
932:
931:
925:
922:
919:
918:
915:
912:
911:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
861:
858:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
824:
822:
818:
814:
804:
790:
781:
775:
763:
754:
748:
729:
725:
723:
718:
714:
706:
703:
700:
697:
696:
691:
690:
689:
684:
679:
675:
673:
669:
655:
643:
631:
610:
605:
601:
594:
589:
585:
578:
573:
569:
562:
557:
553:
546:
541:
537:
530:
525:
521:
514:
509:
508:
502:
499:
498:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
480:
477:
473:
470:
467:
463:
459:
456:
453:
449:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
428:
427:
421:
418:
413:
409:
402:
397:
384:
383:
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364:
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298:
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283:
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272:
269:
265:
261:
258:
257:Eugène Hénard
254:
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247:
243:
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236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:
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179:
175:
173:
168:
165:. They allow
164:
158:
156:
152:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
117:
113:
109:
99:
95:
88:
79:
78:anticlockwise
75:
68:
57:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
8256:Traffic cone
8246:Rumble strip
8147:Truck bypass
8102:Shared space
8062:Passing lane
8047:Managed lane
8004:Bicycle lane
7886:Washboarding
7881:Traffic sign
7806:Hairpin turn
7575:Texas U-turn
7554:
7505:Box junction
7399:Interchanges
7343:Route number
7251:Country lane
6993:Bike freeway
6847:. Retrieved
6843:
6808:
6799:
6787:. Retrieved
6783:the original
6773:
6754:
6743:
6734:
6726:
6719:. Retrieved
6715:the original
6710:
6701:
6690:
6681:
6670:
6661:
6650:
6641:
6609:
6600:
6589:
6580:
6568:. Retrieved
6562:
6553:
6541:. Retrieved
6535:
6526:
6518:the original
6508:
6499:
6490:
6481:
6472:
6460:. Retrieved
6456:the original
6446:
6434:. Retrieved
6428:
6425:"Roundabout"
6419:
6407:
6381:. Retrieved
6374:the original
6346:. Retrieved
6336:
6325:
6316:
6305:
6296:
6284:
6276:Auto Express
6275:
6266:
6254:
6243:, retrieved
6238:
6232:
6220:. Retrieved
6215:
6206:
6180:(10): 1726.
6177:
6173:
6163:
6154:
6145:
6136:
6123:
6114:
6102:
6088:the original
6083:
6073:
6061:. Retrieved
6057:the original
6052:
6027:. Retrieved
6017:
6005:. Retrieved
6001:the original
5991:
5979:. Retrieved
5965:
5948:. Retrieved
5939:
5927:. Retrieved
5923:The Guardian
5921:
5911:
5899:
5887:. Retrieved
5883:the original
5873:
5859:
5847:
5828:
5817:
5812:
5800:. Retrieved
5791:
5773:
5768:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5706:
5694:. Retrieved
5690:the original
5679:
5667:. Retrieved
5660:the original
5647:
5638:
5632:
5591:
5588:
5581:
5535:
5533:TRB (2010).
5528:
5504:
5502:TRB (2016).
5497:
5467:the original
5461:
5454:
5442:. Retrieved
5437:
5428:
5416:. Retrieved
5411:
5402:
5356:
5338:
5329:
5320:
5312:
5309:Kreisverkehr
5308:
5300:
5292:
5287:
5276:
5267:
5257:15 September
5255:. Retrieved
5251:
5230:
5221:
5212:
5203:
5191:. Retrieved
5187:the original
5177:
5165:. Retrieved
5160:
5151:
5139:. Retrieved
5135:the original
5130:
5107:
5098:
5087:
5078:
5067:
5042:
5033:
5021:. Retrieved
5011:
4999:. Retrieved
4992:the original
4979:
4967:. Retrieved
4963:the original
4953:
4944:
4934:
4924:
4898:. Retrieved
4893:
4883:
4874:
4861:
4849:. Retrieved
4845:
4835:
4823:
4811:. Retrieved
4808:Fhwa.dot.gov
4807:
4781:. Retrieved
4777:the original
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4745:
4733:. Retrieved
4721:
4709:. Retrieved
4705:
4692:
4680:. Retrieved
4676:the original
4670:
4664:
4655:
4645:
4635:15 September
4633:. Retrieved
4628:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4602:
4593:
4581:. Retrieved
4577:
4565:
4553:. Retrieved
4549:
4540:
4528:. Retrieved
4524:the original
4514:
4502:
4495:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4460:Random House
4455:
4440:
4428:. Retrieved
4423:
4414:
4403:
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4378:
4368:
4351:
4339:. Retrieved
4334:
4325:
4299:. Retrieved
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4270:the original
4260:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4208:
4196:. Retrieved
4192:
4167:. Retrieved
4163:the original
4152:
4140:. Retrieved
4126:
4114:. Retrieved
4110:The Guardian
4108:
4098:
4086:. Retrieved
4080:
4053:. Retrieved
4038:
4016:. Retrieved
4010:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3984:the original
3977:
3967:
3958:
3957:(in Dutch).
3952:
3925:15 September
3923:. Retrieved
3919:
3910:
3897:
3885:. Retrieved
3881:the original
3874:
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3847:
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3815:
3768:
3746:. Retrieved
3742:the original
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3709:
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3681:the original
3676:
3667:
3648:
3642:
3616:. Retrieved
3609:the original
3596:
3592:
3591:P. M. Wolf,
3587:
3575:. Retrieved
3571:the original
3561:
3552:
3524:. Retrieved
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3494:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3468:
3465:Public Roads
3464:
3400:
3373:
3342:Leif Ourston
3285:
3266:
3231:
3228:
3135:Throughabout
3120:
3109:
3106:Morley Drive
3029:
3023:
3004:, where the
2982:South Island
2979:
2972:
2957:
2936:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2704:Royal Parade
2696:tram network
2694:, where the
2659:
2562:
2558:Hatton Cross
2530:High Wycombe
2519:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2477:
2458:
2454:
2410:
2395:
2356:
2341:
2318:
2281:
2271:
2248:
2235:
2232:
2205:Skálafjørður
2186:
2168:
2156:
2102:
2099:
2032:
2015:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1960:
1952:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1841:
1829:
1822:
1810:
1807:
1792:
1786:October 2021
1783:
1776:Please help
1768:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1704:
1700:
1630:
1624:
1614:
1610:
1599:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:all-way stop
1555:
1551:
1462:
1451:
1439:
1435:
1418:
1409:
1293:
1268:
1260:
1239:
1236:
1172:
1165:
1154:
1150:
1111:
1102:
1083:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1001:Rhode Island
986:
973:
971:
957:
951:
905:Leif Ourston
900:
896:
892:
888:
886:
873:
869:
867:
859:
848:
837:
833:tangentially
832:
828:
825:
812:
810:
726:
710:
693:
687:
668:Leif Ourston
665:
552:Straßwalchen
518:Roundabout,
405:
380:
374:
329:
324:
322:
246:Indianapolis
190:
176:
159:
145:
143:
135:intersection
130:
126:
122:
120:
47:
18:Throughabout
8294:Performance
8226:Kassel kerb
8183:Botts' dots
8171:Demarcation
7871:Storm drain
7836:Road debris
7761:Aquaplaning
7754:environment
7742:Road safety
7620:Cobblestone
7570:Superstreet
7375:Winter road
7323:Concurrency
7316:Other terms
7307:Sunken lane
7276:Main street
7221:Local roads
6789:5 September
6745:Google Maps
6740:"Davis, Ca"
6692:Google Maps
6672:Google Maps
6652:Google Maps
6611:Google Maps
6591:Google Maps
6564:Google Maps
6537:Google Maps
6430:Google Maps
6327:Google Maps
6307:Google Maps
6197:10017/44928
6174:Electronics
5889:29 November
5802:29 November
5109:Google Maps
5089:Google Maps
5069:Google Maps
5044:Google Maps
4946:roundabouts
4896:(in Danish)
4851:27 November
4430:20 November
4405:Google Maps
4341:16 November
4238:: 219–224.
4193:BBC website
4142:29 February
4116:13 February
4088:19 November
4018:29 February
3990:29 February
3961:(3): 65–66.
3876:Ourston.com
3748:14 December
3422:, para 1.5.
3211: /
3199:115°52′12″E
3169: /
2992:. Here the
2952:18-wheelers
2676: [
2473:Mexico City
2429:Switzerland
2417:New England
2363:A7 motorway
2359:A6 motorway
2276:—this is a
2145: /
2035:Netherlands
2004:(described
1969:in Mexico.
1729:HAWK beacon
1707:underpasses
1590:hydrocarbon
1468:Netherlands
1447:carriageway
1379:Philippines
1334:Guadalajara
1288:Guadalajara
1263:truck apron
1183:New England
1097:introducing
1049:, the term
1047:Philippines
1007:Other terms
989:New England
978:expressways
897:road circle
864:Terminology
570:, Sri Lanka
462:Netherlands
452:Switzerland
325:roundabouts
292:, New York.
264:Netherlands
218:around the
210:1780 (ca.)
100:circulation
96:; note the
80:circulation
76:; note the
8356:Categories
8296:indicators
8265:Structures
8216:Guard rail
8092:Road verge
7965:Seat belts
7901:Snowsquall
7866:Speed bump
7846:Road train
7667:Glassphalt
7607:Bioasphalt
7580:Turnaround
7555:Roundabout
7485:(at-grade)
7451:Roundabout
7416:Cloverleaf
7271:Green lane
7207:Trunk road
7135:Main roads
7018:By country
6721:17 October
6629:|url=
6570:15 January
6543:15 January
6462:16 October
6436:15 January
6383:19 October
6348:8 November
6063:28 January
6029:16 October
5981:16 October
5740:2010.15343
5696:10 January
5167:2 November
5141:2 November
5023:2 November
5001:2 November
4969:2 November
4936:Ingeniøren
4900:27 January
4894:TV 2 Lorry
4813:17 October
4783:17 October
4682:17 October
4583:17 October
4578:Dmv.ri.gov
4555:17 October
4530:17 October
4301:5 December
4276:17 October
4169:14 October
3618:10 October
3577:12 January
3475:20 October
3385:References
3246:Old Colony
3196:31°53′25″S
3154:51°51′02″N
3026:signalised
3008:separates
3002:West Coast
2968:heavy rail
2884:light rail
2835:St Georges
2607:See also:
2548:(Essex), "
2546:Colchester
2350:, and the
2215:See also:
2130:51°33′41″N
2091:California
1956:road signs
1750:, Malaysia
1679:trunk road
1677:A typical
1619:(TRB) and
1443:Portsmouth
1394:Pedestrian
1198:tangential
1179:New Jersey
1080:references
889:roundabout
874:roundabout
870:roundabout
123:roundabout
8087:Road diet
7989:Space and
7934:Road rage
7821:Oil spill
7781:Crosswind
7771:Black ice
7766:Avalanche
7692:Permeable
7525:Jughandle
7520:Hook turn
7426:Free-flow
7370:Toll road
7289:Side road
7246:Boulevard
7202:Super two
7197:Ring road
7172:Link road
7071:Hong Kong
7026:Australia
6968:hierarchy
6849:29 August
6216:The Times
5929:7 October
5757:225103031
5618:cite book
5563:cite book
5514:cite book
5475:cite book
5384:cite book
5376:972096448
5339:azdot.gov
5193:1 January
4735:13 August
4711:26 August
4488:Macmillan
4252:110914100
3887:7 October
3848:The Times
3526:6 October
3292:Hovenring
3288:Eindhoven
3281:Wisconsin
3157:5°49′54″E
3070:Bracknell
3058:Kettering
3046:St Helens
3038:hamburger
3034:plan view
3030:hamburger
2849:north of
2806:fast tram
2754:junction.
2718:St-Gilles
2688:Melbourne
2686:In inner
2650:Melbourne
2465:Singapore
2449:underpass
2383:Eindhoven
2211:Motorways
2133:0°27′11″E
2105:Stairfoot
1963:Hong Kong
1919:, Germany
1917:Uftrungen
1748:Putrajaya
1488:Hovenring
1257:, France.
1161:clockwise
1135:, Finland
868:The word
755:mandatory
600:Linköping
554:, Austria
450:In 1980,
290:Manhattan
284:1904 US:
222:in Paris.
98:clockwise
8275:Causeway
8112:Shoulder
7948:Vehicles
7896:Whiteout
7856:Rockfall
7851:Roadkill
7776:Bleeding
7752:Road and
7712:Sealcoat
7637:Corduroy
7625:Concrete
7615:Chipseal
7594:Surfaces
7446:Raindrop
7261:Driveway
7256:Dead end
7236:Backroad
7187:2+2 road
7182:2+1 road
7106:Portugal
7096:Pakistan
6763:Archived
6620:cite map
6393:cite web
6245:23 March
5837:Archived
5781:Archived
4910:cite web
4609:3 August
4448:Archived
4384:27 March
4311:cite web
4055:18 April
3954:Kampioen
3828:18 April
3822:Archived
3628:cite web
3298:See also
3273:Colorado
3242:Cape Cod
3110:raquetas
2990:Blenheim
2931:Blenheim
2913:Railways
2847:Tramlink
2784:Katowice
2720:(Dutch:
2714:Brussels
2702:between
2635:tramways
2554:Tamworth
2377:and the
2201:Eysturoy
2197:Streymoy
2117:Basildon
2109:Barnsley
2071:Slovakia
2067:Slovenia
1994:teardrop
1990:raindrop
1967:Irapuato
1899:Xinjiang
1895:Kargilik
1852:, Canada
1691:Cornwall
1432:Bicycles
1404:Shanghai
1387:Baybayin
1290:, Mexico
1133:Ylöjärvi
878:carousel
851:Kingston
829:radially
821:give way
817:junction
794:Give Way
602:, Sweden
466:Randstad
268:Nijmegen
8178:Bollard
8162:Woonerf
7891:Washout
7831:Pothole
7744:factors
7732:Texture
7702:Plastic
7682:Macadam
7471:Trumpet
7421:Diamond
7192:Parkway
7167:Highway
7081:Ireland
7061:Germany
7051:Croatia
7031:Belgium
6820:Sources
6742:(Map).
6689:(Map).
6669:(Map).
6649:(Map).
6631:value (
6608:(Map).
6588:(Map).
6561:(Map).
6534:(Map).
6427:(Map).
6324:(Map).
6304:(Map).
6222:15 June
6117:. 2003.
6096:Alt URL
5444:29 July
5418:29 July
5231:swov.nl
5106:(Map).
5086:(Map).
5066:(Map).
5041:(Map).
4476:British
4402:(Map).
3854:15 June
3817:Cheddar
3500:12 July
3269:Florida
3260:to its
3117:racket"
3078:Reading
3000:on the
2966:, have
2964:Hampton
2845:on the
2843:Croydon
2769:Wrocław
2745:at the
2550:The Egg
2493:Swindon
2461:Kowloon
2445:Bristol
2406:A25/E25
2095:Florida
2087:Germany
2083:Croatia
2063:Hungary
2051:Finland
2039:Belgium
2033:In the
1901:, China
1685:on the
1389:script.
1377:In the
1338:Minerva
1245:Central
1221:Islands
1147:, Italy
1145:Legnano
1093:improve
1055:rotonda
1051:rotunda
1045:In the
1033:In the
880:, or a
796:(Yield)
782:warning
698:(1985).
568:Colombo
538:, Italy
520:Haarlem
445:Seattle
279:Görlitz
275:Germany
250:Indiana
182:History
167:U-turns
139:traffic
8271:Bridge
7955:Airbag
7727:Tarmac
7672:Gravel
7500:Bowtie
7441:Parclo
7365:Stroad
7328:Detour
7303:Street
7231:Avenue
7116:Taiwan
7101:Poland
7066:Greece
7041:Canada
7036:Brazil
6627:Check
6007:9 July
5950:14 May
5755:
5669:9 June
5606:
5551:
5374:
5364:
5161:Flickr
4757:13 May
4656:gov.je
4496:rotary
4480:circle
4335:AXA.ie
4250:
4198:1 July
4046:
3784:
3721:13 May
3687:5 June
3655:
3279:, and
3277:Alaska
3090:Dublin
3060:, the
2950:, but
2906:Bremen
2899:Kassel
2873:Zagreb
2829:, the
2820:Sinsen
2795:Prague
2788:Będzin
2773:Poland
2765:Warsaw
2673:Cerema
2538:Denham
2425:Hinwil
2402:A3/E40
2321:Dublin
2280:where
2073:, the
2059:Poland
1998:bowtie
1992:" or "
1695:Bodmin
1645:Safety
1602:ARCADY
1349:Madrid
1303:Oregon
1189:, and
1082:, but
1040:Jersey
1028:island
1017:circle
1013:Dundee
993:rotary
974:rotary
968:Rotary
901:rotary
813:modern
584:Zenica
536:Barzio
482:areas.
438:Norway
434:France
214:: The
212:France
201:Circus
199:: The
151:T-bone
129:and a
127:rotary
7697:Plank
7611:Brick
7461:Stack
7227:Alley
7111:Spain
7091:Nepal
7086:Italy
7076:India
7046:China
6831:(PDF)
6377:(PDF)
6370:(PDF)
6111:(PDF)
6091:(pdf)
5753:S2CID
5735:arXiv
5663:(PDF)
5656:(PDF)
4995:(PDF)
4988:(PDF)
4871:(PDF)
4730:(PDF)
4702:(PDF)
4574:(PDF)
4470:."),
4360:(PDF)
4295:(PDF)
4248:S2CID
4217:(PDF)
3612:(PDF)
3605:(PDF)
3520:(PDF)
3365:Notes
3258:trail
3119:) or
3094:Perth
3064:near
3054:A6003
3048:, on
2680:]
2656:Trams
2625:Near
2552:" in
2398:Liège
2396:Near
2367:Joure
2344:Malmö
2327:. In
2302:A1(M)
2267:above
2236:ramps
2121:Essex
2055:Spain
2006:below
1948:Qatar
1635:NCHRP
1357:Paris
780:MUTCD
475:1992.
273:1899
262:1879
244:) of
225:1791
195:1768
8207:Curb
8038:Lane
7801:Ford
7717:Sett
7657:Dirt
7285:Road
6965:Road
6851:2020
6791:2006
6723:2014
6633:help
6572:2012
6545:2012
6464:2007
6438:2012
6399:link
6385:2019
6350:2013
6247:2022
6224:2008
6065:2017
6031:2014
6009:2017
5983:2014
5952:2009
5931:2013
5891:2007
5804:2007
5698:2008
5671:2014
5624:link
5604:ISBN
5573:link
5569:link
5549:ISBN
5520:link
5489:link
5485:link
5481:link
5446:2024
5420:2024
5394:link
5390:link
5372:OCLC
5362:ISBN
5259:2015
5195:2010
5169:2013
5143:2013
5025:2013
5003:2013
4971:2013
4916:link
4902:2022
4853:2007
4827:TSM
4815:2018
4785:2018
4759:2009
4737:2021
4713:2009
4684:2018
4637:2023
4611:2020
4585:2018
4557:2018
4532:2018
4505:)),
4498:.",
4466:See
4432:2023
4386:2010
4343:2017
4317:link
4303:2017
4278:2018
4236:2019
4200:2011
4171:2014
4144:2024
4137:KLAS
4118:2020
4090:2010
4057:2021
4044:ISBN
4020:2024
3992:2024
3927:2023
3889:2013
3856:2008
3830:2021
3782:ISBN
3750:2006
3723:2007
3689:2017
3653:ISBN
3634:link
3620:2006
3579:2014
3528:2013
3502:2014
3477:2020
3262:spur
3244:and
3236:and
3232:The
3074:Hull
3062:A538
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