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409:"With intellectuals being part of the working class, the scientific, technical and educational level of the working class has been raised considerably... Consequently some workers have changed their jobs. But this has not changed the status of the Chinese working class. On the contrary, this will serve to improve the overall quality of the working class and give play to its advantages as a group in the long run. The Chinese working class has always been the basic force for promoting the advanced productive forces in China. Our Party must remain the vanguard of the working class and unswervingly and wholeheartedly rely on the working class."
303:
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35:
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innovation of the "Three
Represents" theory was meant to complete the historical ideology transformation of CCP from a revolutionary party to a ruling party. The CCP can keep its legitimacy under the 'socialist market economy' or any system that is conducive to the development of advanced productive forces, without promoting any revolutionary movement or keeping the ideal of egalitarianism.
313:
397:, Jiang Zemin articulated a new theory to define the new relationship between the party and the people, which is named Three Represents. Jiang first delivered a speech about the Three Represents on 25 February 2000 during a symposium on party building in Guangzhou. It brought wide attention and many interpretations of the meaning of the speech.
498:", to join the party on the grounds that they engaged in "honest labour and work" and through their labour contributed "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics." Jiang's decision to allow capitalists into the CCP was criticized as "political misconduct" and "ideological confusions". These critiques helped fuel the rise of the
516:
At the time Jiang announced the theory, most entrepreneurs who were members of the CCP had been party members before starting their businesses. This change allowed for a new cohort of party members who could join after having had success in business. The greatest jump in the numbers of party members
404:
In Jiang's speech on the Three
Represents on the 80th anniversary of the founding of the CCP in 2001, he claimed that the expansion of "working class" would help the party remain advanced as the vanguard of the working class by expanding its popular support and increasing its social influence. Jiang
400:
The Three
Represents results from Jiang Zemin's efforts to grapple with the diverse class backgrounds of party members and their sometimes conflicting material interests. Based on Mao's premise that the Communist Party should serve the people, it became important as China's private sector grew to
512:
who has been active in helping to create the Three
Represents, argued that a party of the whole people would be a catch-all party that would include diverse and conflicting interests. To include all of the broad mass of contemporary Chinese intellectuals, science and technology workers, cultural
478:
Jiang said that by representing
Chinese people in three levels, the party used the interests and demands of the overwhelming majority of the people to replace the specific interests of people from different quarters, especially the class nature of the working class. As Xiao Gongqin argues, the
528:
and Olivia Cheung observe that the Three
Represents helped co-opt economic elites and extend the party's reach into the growing private sector. Academic Pang Laikwan describes the Three Represents as legitimating privately-owned enterprises in the context of the socialist market economy.
520:
Academic Lin Chun writes that while "nothing was politically incorrect in this banal statement" of the Three
Represents, "it simply signaled that the party no longer even pretended to be the vanguard of the working class."
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who are also entrepreneurs came in 2001, not long after the announcement of the Three
Represents. In recent years (as of 2022), around 30-35% of Chinese entrepreneurs have been party members.
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486:(as formulated by earlier communists) was more complex than had been realized; it was useless to try to force a change, as it had to develop naturally by following the
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Zhong, Huang; Qian, Cheng (2014). "The
Disappearance of Hong Kong in Comics, Advertising and Graphic Design". In Plantilla, Jefferson R. (ed.).
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workers, and economic managers, in the category of the so-called 'middle class' would weaken or even obliterate the working class.
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820:"Jiang Zemin's Speech at the Meeting Celebrating the 80th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China China"
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43:, which reads: "Practice the Thought of Three Represents, advance the reform on rural tax system", with the word "reform" (
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elements into the discipline of the party. Certain segments within the CCP criticized the Three
Represents as being un-
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Jiang Zemin's Speech at the Meeting Celebrating the 80th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
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Jiang disagreed with the assertion that his theories were not Marxist, and concluded that attaining the communist
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Jiang's theory was the subject of significant internal debate. Supporters viewed it as a further development of
69:
1339:
853:. Vol. 3. Qian Zheng, Guoyou Wu, Xuemei Ding, Li Sun, Shelly Bryant. Montreal, Quebec. pp. 474–475.
625:. Vol. 3. Qian Zheng, Guoyou Wu, Xuemei Ding, Li Sun, Shelly Bryant. Montreal, Quebec. pp. 468–469.
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in 2002. The theory legitimized the entry of private business owners and bourgeois elements into the CCP.
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bring "worthy people from all sectors who are loyal to the motherland and to socialism" into the Party.
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China's Next Act: How Sustainability and Technology are Reshaping China's Rise and the World's Future
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and a betrayal of basic Marxist values. Criticism originated on all ideological sides of the party.
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371:—then the General Secretary of the CCP—on 25 February 2000, while he was on the inspection tour in
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Bo, Zhiyue (September 2004). "Hu Jintao and the CCP's ideology: A historical perspective".
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1146:"Rethinking the Role of the CCP: Explicating Jiang Zemin's Party Anniversary Speech"
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made a statement on the concept of the working class that it includes intellectuals:
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1349:"Social Change and Political Reform in China: Meeting the Challenge of Success"
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Bridging Human Rights Principles and Business Realities in Northeast Asia
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Dittmer, Lowell (2003). "Chinese Factional Politics Under Jiang Zemin".
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Represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the
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34:
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CPC Futures The New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
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The Man who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin
40:
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Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise
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Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise
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664:
363:, is a sociopolitical theory that defines the role of the
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United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
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China's Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future
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An ideological history of the Communist Party of China
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An ideological history of the Communist Party of China
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In this context, to "represent" means to incorporate.
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Represent the orientation of China's advanced culture.
367:(CCP) in Chinese society. It was first introduced by
104:
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2020 Germany, Libya, Nigeria, Tunisia and Iran visit
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Represent the development trend of China's advanced
1230:
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1443:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
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1415:
1271:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty
421:in November 2002. It was also written to the
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60:
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1457:Chairman of the Central Military Commission
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1172:
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705:Pieke, Frank N; Hofman, Bert, eds. (2022).
704:
413:The Three Represents were written into the
1555:1997 reelection as Party general secretary
1550:1992 reelection as Party general secretary
1422:
1408:
1129:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
881:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
653:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
490:. The theory is most notable for allowing
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382:
343:
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33:
1597:1999 China 50th National Day grand parade
1343:, a collection of speeches by Jiang Zemin
905:. Malaysia: Vinlin Press. pp. 21–53.
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1262:
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1762:Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
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1023:
981:The Transformation of Chinese Socialism
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389:Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
16:Chinese political theory by Jiang Zemin
1749:
1648:2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship
711:National University of Singapore Press
508:, the executive vice president of the
465:socialism with Chinese characteristics
375:. It was ratified by the party at the
288:2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship
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685:10.16240/j.cnki.1002-3976.2006.04.008
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494:, officially referred to as the "new
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577:Journal of Chinese Political Science
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168:1997 reelection as General Secretary
163:1992 reelection as General Secretary
1242:The Political Thought of Xi Jinping
978:
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1347:Lewis, John W.; Xue Litai (2003).
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1144:Fewsmith, Joseph (December 2001).
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1099:10.1093/oso/9780197603994.001.0001
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1638:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1394:China Internet Information Center
825:China Internet Information Center
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106:"Sān gè dàibiǎo" zhòngyào sīxiǎng
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433:The theory requires the CCP to:
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1623:1994 Russia, Ukraine and France
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295:Nigeria, Tunisia and Iran visit
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467:or a mechanism to incorporate
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1560:Deng Xiaoping's southern tour
924:Journal of East Asian Studies
532:
232:Deng Xiaoping's southern tour
1329:Resources in other libraries
1093:. New York, NY. p. 17.
1028:. New York, NY: 1804 Books.
419:16th Party National Congress
7:
283:US Belgrade embassy bombing
10:
1778:
1570:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
679:(4). 天津社会科学. (04): 45–49.
673:"改革开放以来意识形态创新的历史考察 - 中国知网"
428:
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361:Theory of Three Represents
242:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
1724:
1698:The Man Who Changed China
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1610:
1585:Persecution of Falun Gong
1542:
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1520:China Western Development
1466:
1437:
1368:10.1017/S0305741003000559
1340:On the “Three Represents”
1324:Resources in your library
1275:Stanford University Press
1240:; Cheung, Olivia (2024).
937:10.1017/S1598240800001132
547:"Jiang Zemin passes away"
257:Persecution of Falun Gong
216:China Western Development
116:
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49:) blocked by a billboard.
45:
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1493:Socialist market economy
1176:; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022).
1153:China Leadership Monitor
758:; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022).
488:economic laws of history
393:Following the tenure of
189:Socialist market economy
138:This article is part of
70:Traditional Chinese
1716:Death and state funeral
1500:Three Stresses campaign
1246:Oxford University Press
459:Influence and reception
383:History and development
365:Chinese Communist Party
196:Three Stresses campaign
56:Simplified Chinese
1643:Hainan Island incident
1269:Laikwan, Pang (2024).
847:Huang, Yibing (2020).
619:Huang, Yibing (2020).
411:
1710:World Economic Herald
1575:Handover of Hong Kong
1283:10.1515/9781503638822
1182:Yale University Press
1089:Moore, Scott (2022).
1053:Kuhn, Robert Lawrence
1024:Hammond, Ken (2023).
993:10.1515/9780822388364
985:Duke University Press
764:Yale University Press
407:
387:Further information:
293:2002 Germany, Libya,
247:Handover of Hong Kong
179:Policies and theories
1735:Category:Jiang Zemin
1190:10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k
1174:Marquis, Christopher
1065:. pp. 107–110.
772:10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k
756:Marquis, Christopher
510:Central Party School
423:Chinese Constitution
1618:International trips
1356:The China Quarterly
425:on March 14, 2004.
377:16th Party Congress
273:International trips
1450:President of China
1184:. pp. 13–14.
979:Lin, Chun (2006).
720:10.56159/eai.52060
590:10.1007/BF02877001
484:mode of production
373:Gaozhou, Guangdong
39:A slogan in Futu,
1744:
1743:
1602:Handover of Macau
1580:1998 China floods
1310:Library resources
1199:978-0-300-26883-6
1108:978-0-19-760401-4
1072:978-1-4000-5474-9
1002:978-0-8223-3785-0
860:978-1-4878-0425-1
781:978-0-300-26883-6
730:978-981-18-5206-0
632:978-1-4878-0425-1
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359:, officially the
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252:1998 China floods
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1378:. Archived from
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1273:. Stanford, CA:
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1155:. 1 Part 2: 5.
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556:22 February
526:Steve Tsang
492:capitalists
417:during the
369:Jiang Zemin
211:Project 985
206:Project 211
201:Program 973
147:Jiang Zemin
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1590:610 Office
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533:References
524:Academics
502:movement.
227:Key events
76:「三個代表」重要思想
62:「三个代表」重要思想
1611:Diplomacy
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268:Diplomacy
1467:Policies
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