Handover of Hong Kong

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Kong and Macau is entirely within China's sovereign right and do not at all fall under the ordinary category of colonial territories. Consequently, they should not be included in the list of colonial territories covered by the declaration on the granting of independence to colonial territories and people. With regard to the questions of Hong Kong and Macau, the Chinese government has consistently held that they should be settled in an appropriate way when conditions are ripe.

9225: 1024: 4108: 2817:(2014) that stressed the sense of loss and alienation represented by survivors in an apocalyptic Hong Kong. Chan infuses a political agenda in the film by playing on Hong Kongers' collective anxiety towards communist China. Yiman Wang has argued that America has viewed China through the prisms of films from Shanghai and Hong Kong, with a recent emphasis on futuristic disaster films set in Hong Kong after the transfer goes awry. 9261: 3323:, stated at a news conference on August 15, 1983: 'We consider the so-called Hong Kong treaties to be unequal. But it is a fact that the treaties exist. Moreover, it is clearly written that the expiration date is June 30, 1997. Therefore, we do not intend to bring forward or postpone this date. We will recover Hong Kong on July 1, 1997. As far as China is concerned, our attitude is one of respect for history.' 4122: 1479:. The Provisional Legislative Council reverted most of the Patten's reform, by resuming appointed seats to the District Councils, Urban Council and Regional Council, reintroducing corporate voting in some functional constituencies, narrowing the franchise of the nine new functional constituencies to about 20,000 voters, and changed the "single seat, single constituency" method to the 1459:(PWC) on 16 July 1993. Although it was seen by some that such a body was necessary in order to prepare for the transition of sovereignty, the row over the Patten proposals enabled Beijing to issue a warning that unilateral action would result in the setting-up of a "second stove" and, when it was formed, to say it was an unfortunate product of British confrontation. 561:

be turned into opium, which the Chinese highly desired, but their laws prohibited. So the British plan was to grow poppies in India, convert it into opium, smuggle the opium into China and trade it for tea, and sell the tea back in Britain. The illegal opium trade was highly successful, and the drug was very profitably smuggled into China in extremely large volumes.

4083: 5159: 4109:"How Mrs Thatcher Lost Hong Kong: Ten years ago, fired up by her triumph in the Falklands war, Margaret Thatcher flew to Peking for a last-ditch attempt to keep Hong Kong under British rule - only to meet her match in Deng Xiaoping. Two years later she signed the agreement handing the territory to China" 3393:

on September 24, 1982. The Chinese Premier had held talks with her before this meeting. And Chinese leaders formally informed the British side that the Chinese Government had decided to recover all of the Hong Kong region in 1997. Also, China offered assurances that it would initiate special policies

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Shortly before the initiation of sovereignty talks, Governor Youde declared his intention to represent the population of Hong Kong at the negotiations. This statement sparked a strong response from the PRC, prompting Deng Xiaoping to denounce talk of "the so-called 'three-legged stool", which implied

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The questions of Hong Kong and Macau belong to the category of questions resulting from the series of unequal treaties which the imperialists imposed on China. Hong Kong and Macau are part of Chinese territory occupied by the British and Portuguese authorities. The settlement of the questions of Hong

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From 2012, secondary education moved away from the English model of 6 years secondary schooling plus two years of university matriculation to the Chinese model of three years of junior secondary plus another three years of senior secondary, while university education was extended from three years to

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In December 2021, Beijing released a document titled "Hong Kong Democratic Progress Under the Framework of One Country, Two Systems", the second such white paper on Hong Kong affairs since 2014. It stated that the central government will work with "all social groups, sectors and stakeholders towards

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In the letter, she expressed Britain's willingness to explore arrangements optimising the future prospects of Hong Kong while utilising the PRC's proposals as a foundation. Furthermore, and perhaps most significantly, she expressed Britain's concession on its position of a continued British presence

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Despite the finite nature of the New Territories lease, this portion of the colony was developed just as rapidly as, and became highly integrated with, the rest of Hong Kong. As the end of the lease approached, and by the time of serious negotiations over the future status of Hong Kong in the 1980s,

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principle agreed between the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China, the socialist system of the People's Republic of China would not be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), and Hong Kong's previous capitalist system and its way of life would remain unchanged

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By the 1820s and 1830s, the British had conquered parts of India and had intentions of growing cotton in these lands to offset the amount of cotton they were buying from America. When this endeavour failed, the British realised they could grow poppies at an incredible rate. These poppies could then

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Two rounds of negotiations were held in October and November. On the sixth round of talks in November, Britain formally conceded its intentions of either maintaining a British administration in Hong Kong or seeking some form of co-administration with the PRC, and showed its sincerity in discussing

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MacLehose's visit to the PRC raised the curtain on the issue of Hong Kong's sovereignty: Britain was made aware of the PRC's intent to resume sovereignty over Hong Kong, and began to make arrangements accordingly to ensure the sustenance of her interests within the territory, as well as initiating

1362:, James DeBates, was suspended after his wife was arrested for the smuggling of Chinese migrants into the United States. The previous year, his predecessor, Jerry Stuchiner, had been arrested for smuggling forged Honduran passports into the territory before being sentenced to 40 months in prison. 913:

During talks with Thatcher, China planned to seize Hong Kong if the negotiations set off unrest in the colony. Thatcher later said that Deng told her bluntly that China could easily take Hong Kong by force, stating that "I could walk in and take the whole lot this afternoon", to which she replied

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became the last governor of Hong Kong. This was regarded as a turning point in Hong Kong's history. Unlike his predecessors, Patten was not a diplomat, but a career politician and former Member of Parliament. He introduced democratic reforms which pushed PRC–British relations to a standstill and

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Governor Youde with nine members of the Hong Kong Executive Council travelled to London to discuss with Thatcher the crisis of confidence—the problem with morale among the people of Hong Kong arising from the ruination of the Sino-British talks. The session concluded with Thatcher's writing of a

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The conflict that arose at that point of the negotiations ended the possibility of further negotiation. During the reception of former British Prime Minister Edward Heath during his sixth visit to the PRC, Deng Xiaoping commented on the impossibility of exchanging sovereignty for administration,

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being the most prominent of these), their economies are insubstantial. Demographically, they are also tiny compared to Britain, with a collective population of less than 0.4% of Britain's 2017 population of 66 million. As of 2018, the combined population of Britain's remaining fourteen Overseas

910:, would recover the entirety of the New Territories, Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. China considered treaties about Hong Kong as unequal and ultimately refused to accept any outcome that would indicate permanent loss of sovereignty over Hong Kong's area, whatever wording the former treaties had. 2505:

The communist press published stories that the project was an evil plan to bleed Hong Kong dry before the handover, leaving the territory in serious debt. After three years of negotiations, Britain and the PRC finally reached an agreement over the construction of the new airport, and signed a

1171:, Kowloon, and the New Territories) with effect from 1 July 1997 and the United Kingdom Government declared that it would restore Hong Kong to the PRC with effect from 1 July 1997. In the document, the People's Republic of China Government also declared its basic policies regarding Hong Kong. 917:

After her visit with Deng in Beijing, Thatcher was received in Hong Kong as the first British Prime Minister to set foot on the territory whilst in office. At a press conference, Thatcher re-emphasised the validity of the three treaties, asserting the need for countries to respect treaties on

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In response to concerns over land leases in the New Territories, MacLehose proposed that British administration of the whole of Hong Kong, as opposed to sovereignty, be allowed to continue after 1997. He also proposed that contracts include the phrase "for so long as the Crown administers the

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Britain quickly went back on this unofficial part of the agreement, attacking Kowloon Walled City in 1899, only to find it deserted. They did nothing with it, or the outpost, and thus posed the question of Kowloon Walled City's ownership squarely up in the air. The outpost consisted of a

3490:"邵玉銘說:香港九七年後若不能高度自治港台關係起變化,認為中國大陸收回香港進退兩難,內部產生矛盾人民要求資本主義" [Shaw Yu-ming: Hong Kong-Taiwan relations could change if Hong Kong can't enjoy high degree of autonomy after '97; dilema for Chinese Mainland to recover Hong Kong; internal conflicts arose as people demands capitalism.]. 470:) was seldom used by a minority of pro-Beijing politicians, lawyers and newspapers during Sino-British negotiations in 1983 to 1984, only, of its Chinese translation, to become mainstream in Hong Kong at latest in early 1997. A similar phrase "return of Hong Kong to the motherland" ( 998:

publicly associated the economic uncertainty with the instability of the political climate. In response, the PRC government condemned Britain through the press for "playing the economic card" in order to achieve their ends: to intimidate the PRC into conceding to British demands.

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exercised sovereignty over Hong Kong after ceding it, nor the British therefore did, and hence the transfer of sovereignty to China from Britain is not logically possible. As no consensus reached on the sovereignty transferring, the Chinese stated "to recover the Hong Kong area"

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instead. The PRC took this as yet another plot by the British. The Hong Kong government explained that it had been informed about the move only a few days before the announcement. The government would not and could not stop the company from making a business decision.

2692:), Hong Kong was by far the most populous and economically potent. In 1997 the colony had a population of approximately 6.5 million, which represented roughly 97% of the population of the British Dependent Territories as a whole at that time (the next largest, 2077:, before elections were held to a new Council, in which only 20 out of 60 seats were directly elected. The decision to dissolve the Legislative Council and replace it with a Provisional Legislative Council was criticised by representatives of the UK government. 1462:

The Preliminary Working Committee was dissolved in December 1995 and succeeded by the Preparatory Committee in 1996. The Preparatory Committee was responsible for implementation work related to the establishment of the HKSAR, including the establishment of the

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to establish an understanding of the PRC's plans with regards to the retrocession of Hong Kong; during their meeting, Deng outlined his plans to make the territory a special economic zone, which would retain its capitalist system under Chinese sovereignty.

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on 19 December 1984 in Beijing. The Declaration entered into force with the exchange of instruments of ratification on 27 May 1985 and was registered by the People's Republic of China and United Kingdom governments at the United Nations on 12 June 1985.

1427:, a suburb of Vancouver, was nicknamed "Little Hong Kong". All in all, from the start of the settlement of the negotiation in 1984 to 1997, nearly 1 million people emigrated; consequently, Hong Kong suffered serious loss of human and financial capital. 1346:

population, was another popular destination, with the country's Commission (now Consulate-General) being besieged by anxious Hong Kong residents. By September 1989, 6,000 applications for residency in Singapore had been approved by the commission. Some

3030:, with the event referenced throughout the film and serves as the background of the story. Analysis on the franchise has suggested the films' messaging to be associated with fears, anxieties and identity crisis of the Hong-Kong identity post-takeover. 2174: 1331:

Many citizens were pessimistic towards the future of Hong Kong and the transfer of the region's sovereignty. A tide of emigration, which was to last for no less than five years, broke out. At its peak, citizenship of small countries, such as

1452:. These reforms proposed to enlarge the electorate, thus making voting in the Legislative Council more democratic. This move posed significant changes because Hong Kong citizens would have the power to make decisions regarding their future. 6182: 1199:

maintains control over Hong Kong's foreign affairs as well as the legal interpretation of the Basic Law. The latter has led democracy advocates and some Hong Kong residents to argue, after the fact, that the territory has yet to achieve

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The PRC attacked the motion furiously, referring to it as "somebody's attempt to play the three-legged stool trick again". At length, the PRC and Britain initiated the Joint Declaration on the question of Hong Kong's future in Beijing.

2447:, changed to heading their pages with "National", rather than "Local" and 'China', and began including Chinese names in Chinese characters. However, the online edition still uses "China" and only displays Chinese names in Roman script. 1002:

At one point Deng made it clear that he had no intention of continuing any British administration in any part of Hong Kong. In regards to the treaties establishing British control over Kowloon and Hong Kong Island, Robert Cottrell of

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featured a violent disruption of the transfer of Hong Kong. The plot was re-written out of the concern that if something were to happen during the handover, the film, scheduled to release a few months later, would look out of

2712:, which was then smaller than the United Kingdom's, by 18.4%). As a comparator to Hong Kong, in 2017 Bermuda (as with population, the economically largest of Britain's remaining territories) had a GDP of only US$ 4.7 billion. 886:

In the wake of Governor MacLehose's visit, Britain and the PRC established initial diplomatic contact for further discussions of the Hong Kong question, paving the way for Thatcher's first visit to the PRC in September 1982.

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while also noting that the Chinese constitution and the Basic Law together "empower the HKSAR to exercise a high degree of autonomy and confirm the central authorities' right to supervise the exercise of this autonomy".

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Margaret Thatcher, in discussion with Deng Xiaoping, reiterated the validity of an extension of the lease of Hong Kong territory, particularly in light of binding treaties, including the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, the

2133:. Hong Kong athletes and teams compete under the Hong Kong SAR flag instead of the British flag of Hong Kong, and gold medallists were honoured with the Chinese national anthem, instead of the British national anthem. 1773:

signed in 1996 remained in force after the change of sovereignty, and were replaced by "the air transportation agreement between Taiwan and Hong Kong", which retained international regulations, such as regulations on

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drafted with the participation of Hong Kong people. The political system had been the most controversial issue in the drafting of the Basic Law. The special issue sub-group adopted the political model put forward by

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it was thought impractical to separate the ceded territories and return only the New Territories to China. In addition, with the scarcity of land and natural resources in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, large-scale

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The first draft was published in April 1988, followed by a five-month public consultation exercise. The second draft was published in February 1989, and the subsequent consultation period ended in October 1989.

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A murder that occurred in Kowloon Walled City in 1959 set off a small diplomatic crisis, as the two nations each tried to get the other to accept responsibility for a vast tract of land now virtually ruled by

2546:) to Britain for 99 years excluded the Walled City, with a population of roughly 700. It stated that China could continue to keep troops there, so long as they did not interfere with Britain's temporary rule. 386:

at the time and was one of the United Kingdom's last significant colonial territories. Its handover marked the end of British colonial prestige in the Asia-Pacific region where it had never recovered from the

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The former British military drill, marching and words of command in English remained in service among disciplinary forces until 2022 when Chinese foot drills were introduced to completely replace that of the

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An interview with the former British Prime Minister Thatcher just before Britain's handover of Hong Kong back to China on 1 July 1997; Reporter/Producer: Susan Yu; Published on 1 July 1997 and viewable on

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wrote "In practical terms, the treaties were worthless, sovereignty would be China's in due course, and any row about it would certainly damage Hong Kong in the short term whatever the eventual outcome."

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15 June 1982: Deng Xiaoping officially announced the position of the Chinese government in the context of the Hong Kong 97 Issue, marking the first public statement on part of the PRC with regards to the

726:. Chung presented their position on the sovereignty of Hong Kong to Thatcher, encouraging her to take into consideration the interests of the native Hong Kong population in her upcoming visit to China. 669:. Without clarifying and establishing the official position of the PRC government, the arranging of real estate leases and loans agreements in Hong Kong within the next 18 years would become difficult. 4345: 736:

However, the PRC took a contrary position: not only did the PRC wish for the New Territories, on lease until 1997, to be placed under the PRC's jurisdiction, it also refused to recognise the onerous

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Consequently, because ceding Hong Kong came at the end of half a century of decolonisation, and because the handover meant that the United Kingdom became without significant overseas territories,

6007: 489:) is another description frequently used by Hong Kong officials and the media, as well as non-locals and academics, which is not recognized by the Chinese Government. Beijing claims neither the 2708:

were measured separately, the Handover did mean the British economy in its very broadest sense became substantially smaller (by comparison, the acquisition of Hong Kong boosted the size of the

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In fact, during informal exchanges between 1979 and 1981, the PRC had proposed a "Macau solution" in Hong Kong, under which it would remain under British administration at China's discretion.

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Some residents were not satisfied with the compensation, and some even obstructed the demolition in every possible way. Ultimately, everything was settled, and the Walled City became a

680:(MTR) system and a new airport. Caught unprepared, Deng asserted the necessity of Hong Kong's return to China, upon which Hong Kong would be given special status by the PRC government. 2264:

Postage stamps now displayed the words "Hong Kong, China". A set of definitive stamps, bearing the words "Hong Kong" with no connotation of sovereignty, was introduced in January 1997.

6840: 2598:, the PRC allowed British authorities to demolish the city and resettle its inhabitants. The mutual decision to tear down the walled city was made in 1987. The government spent up to 955:

At the preliminary stage of the talks, the British government proposed an exchange of sovereignty for administration and the implementation of a British administration post-handover.

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were closed. Only South Africa, which was to establish relations with the People's Republic of China from 1998, was allowed to keep its Consulate General open for an interim period.

4524:"Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong" 4330: 2807:

Scholars have begun to study the complexities of the transfer as shown in the popular media, such as films, television and video and online games. For example, Hong Kong director

2390:. Previously, the country's commercial interests were represented by a British Trade Commission. It was headed by a Senior Trade Commissioner, who became the first Consul-General. 2192: 1575: 1123:, declared "This Council deems it essential that any proposals for the future of Hong Kong should be debated in this Council before agreement is reached", was passed unanimously. 5744: 2572:

Squatters began to occupy the Walled City, resisting several attempts by Britain in 1948 to drive them out. The Walled City became a haven for criminals and drug addicts, as the

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Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong

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had no right to enter the City and China refused maintainability. The 1949 foundation of the People's Republic of China added thousands of refugees to the population, many from

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declaring an ultimatum: the British government must modify or give up its position or the PRC will announce its resolution of the issue of Hong Kong sovereignty unilaterally.

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The cession of Hong Kong meant that Britain's remaining territories (excepting the United Kingdom itself) henceforth consisted either of uninhabited lands (for instance the

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Dynasty authorities of China felt it necessary for them to establish a military and administrative post to rule the area and to check further British influence in the area.

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political system before the CCP's encroachment upon the electoral systems of the legislative and district councils. This was separate from the one-party system led by the

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had set the conditions under which Hong Kong was to be transferred, with China agreeing to maintain existing structures of government and economy under a principle of "

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of approximately US$ 180 billion in the last year of British rule, Hong Kong's economy was roughly 11% the size of Britain's. Therefore, although the economies of the

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A few months after Thatcher's visit to Beijing, the PRC government had yet to open negotiations with the British government regarding the sovereignty of Hong Kong.

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Despite the eventual reversal of the electoral system, Patten's reform significantly impacted the Hong Kong political landscape by polarising Hong Kong politics.

8478: 2648:. It allows the United States to continue to treat Hong Kong separately from China for matters concerning trade export and economics control after the handover. 1800: 1290: 5573: 4663:

What started as demonstrations against an extradition bill have since taken on a much wider scope and are now demanding full democratic rights for Hong Kongers.

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universal terms: "There are three treaties in existence; we stick by our treaties unless we decide on something else. At the moment, we stick by our treaties."

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In the Joint Declaration, the People's Republic of China Government stated that it had decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong (including

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remained part of Chinese territory despite the turbulent events of the early 20th century that saw the fall of the Qing government, the establishment of the

3650: 8991: 6995: 6562: 4676: 7712: 7578: 5694: 4677:"Beijing defends 'democracy with Hong Kong characteristics' model as white paper released a day after Legco election cites end goal of universal suffrage" 3666: 603: 356: 8008: 6878: 3240: 1762:

in Hong Kong, continued to function as before, issuing visas to visitors from Hong Kong, mainland China and other countries. In 2011 it was renamed the

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The handover marked the end of British rule in Hong Kong, which was Britain's last substantial overseas territory. Although in statute law set down by

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British citizens (without right of abode in Hong Kong) were no longer able to work in Hong Kong without a visa; the policy was changed on 1 April 1997.

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of Hong Kong unexpectedly held an urgent meeting, in which they agreed unanimously that the British Government should give the people of Hong Kong the

5598: 2494:, the Hong Kong government proposed a grand "Rose Garden Project" to restore faith and solidarity among the residents. As the construction of the new 6032: 2408:

Countries which did not have diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom, but had diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, such as

1793: 1741: 662:, paid his first official visit to the People's Republic of China (PRC), taking the initiative to raise the question of Hong Kong's sovereignty with 6797: 6452: 4703: 3599:"陳文鴻在專題講座上說港商應該把握機會到內地去發展工業，陳弘毅談香港回歸中國後的法律問題" [Chan Man-hung said Hong Kong businesses shall grab opportunities to expand industry in mainland; 1270:, together with the designs for the flag and emblem of the HKSAR. Some members of the Basic Law drafting committee were ousted by Beijing following 6924:

Hunting with the Tigers: Doing Business with Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam

6255: 5450: 3316: 2159: 1818: 1763: 1583: 1555: 478:) is also often used by Hong Kong and Chinese officials. Nevertheless, "Handover of Hong Kong" is still mainly used in the English-speaking world. 4212: 9331: 5323: 7394: 7044: 4823: 4575: 7486: 6217: 2207: 1559: 828:

November 1981: The Beijing government invited some Hong Kong citizens to help organising a united front in the handling of the Hong Kong issue.

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Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

6474:"Welcome Message Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China in Beijing" 5824: 5160:

Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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Fosh, Patricia. Chan, Andy. Chow, Wilson WS. Snape, Ed. Westwood, Robert. (2000) Hong Kong Management and Labour. United Kingdom: Routledge.

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Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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Lim, Patricia. (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0

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In response, Deng Xiaoping cited the lack of room for compromise on the question of sovereignty over Hong Kong; the PRC, as the successor of

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in order to get an application form for residency in the United Kingdom. On the eve of the deadline, over 100,000 lined up overnight for a

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also led to massive demonstrations (1.7 million on 11 and 18 August 2019), again demanding universal suffrage, but also the resignation of

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In fact, as early as the mid-1970s, Hong Kong had faced additional risks raising loans for large-scale infrastructure projects such as its

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features a campaign set in an alternate history in which negotiations over the ceding of Hong Kong break down resulting in armed conflict.

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Hong Kong continued to negotiate and maintain its own aviation bilateral treaties with foreign countries and territories. Agreements with

9326: 7753: 7456: 3646:"... existing system in order to preserve continuity in the administration of the public service after the transfer of sovereignty" 1859:, some activities, such as the vigil, have since been officially banned, although others, such as Falun Gong, remain generally tolerated. 1544: 7829: 6641: 6498: 6308: 8351: 6822: 5828: 5741: 2457: 2025: 1501: 1256: 958:

The PRC government refused, contending that the notions of sovereignty and administration were inseparable, and although it recognised

659: 5247: 5083: 9321: 8619: 7982: 6174: 4907: 3547:[20 years anniversary for transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong: why BBC Chinese does not use "return to the motherland"?]. 2092: 1328:

application form. While mass migration began well before 1989, the event led to the peak migration year in 1992 with 66,000 leaving.

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The Walled City was originally a single fort built in the mid-19th century on the site of an earlier 17th-century watch post on the

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LCQ1: Immigration clearance and entry visas to the Mainland for non-Chinese Hong Kong permanent residents with foreign passports

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In light of the increasing openness of the PRC government and economic reforms on the mainland, the then British Prime Minister

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Tang, James TH. "From empire defence to imperial retreat: Britain's postwar China policy and the decolonization of Hong Kong".

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is set on the eve of the Handover and involves an attempted defection by a war criminal, only hours before China takes control.

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According to Clauses 158 and 159 of the Basic Law, powers of interpretation and amendment of the Basic Law are vested in the

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Statement on Future South Africa/Hong Kong Relations by the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Aziz Pahad, 12 June 1997

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Mark, Chi-kwan. "To 'educate' Deng Xiaoping in capitalism: Thatcher's visit to China and the future of Hong Kong in 1982".

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Memorandum of Understanding. Removing hills and reclaiming land, it took only a few years to construct the new airport.

2257:'s portrait was removed from public offices. Coins issued since 1993 no longer had the Queen's head, instead having the 1777:

Signs (and fonts), labels, and roadway construction standards on Hong Kong roads and expressways continue to follow the

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was invited to visit Guangzhou and Beijing to find out the attitude of the Chinese government on the issue of Hong Kong.

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United Front chief Sun Chunlan tells young Hongkongers to love their country and make the most of close ties with China

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China International Business: The Monthly Publication of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, P.R.C

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Hong Kong continued to operate as a separate customs territory from mainland China under Article 116 of the Basic Law.

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and raised the issue of Hong Kong for the first time. Deng remarked that the investors could set their minds at peace.

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felt impatient at the long-running secrecy over the progress of Sino-British talks on the Hong Kong issue. A motion,

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held talks with British Foreign Secretary, emphasized on China to recover Hong Kong in '97 and Hong Kong to become

2681: 2652: 2387: 2081: 2066: 1938: 1449: 1310: 1225: 1188: 1132: 1112: 992: 340: 5982: 9197: 9022: 8629: 8473: 8286: 6366: 3647: 3431:

to urge recovering Hong Kong after strengthening, supported by cross-party according to British newspapers].

3087: 2562: 2495: 2383: 2347: 2291: 2258: 2137: 2074: 2055: 1778: 1715: 1472: 1464: 1436: 1314: 648: 564:

The United Kingdom obtained control over portions of Hong Kong's territory through three treaties concluded with

8411: 6992: 987:

ravaged Hong Kong, causing great amounts of damage to both life and property. The Hong Kong dollar plummeted on

9281: 9177: 9160: 9099: 9068: 9012: 8961: 8929: 8891: 8788: 8662: 8525: 8416: 8373: 8307: 8136: 7607: 7571: 6856: 6559: 3208: 3103:; Morse, C.G.J.; McClean, David; Briggs, Adrian; Harris, Jonathan; McLachlan, Campbell; Hill, Jonathan (2008). 2595: 2402: 2218:, while the Prince of Wales Barracks was similarly renamed the Central Barracks, with effect from January 2002. 2170: 1953: 1900: 1737: 1306: 1271: 1213: 1144: 1045: 711: 511: 364: 260: 216: 179: 135: 8005: 1135:, British Ambassador to Beijing and leader of the team, signed respectively on behalf of the two governments. 744:. Consequently, the PRC recognised only the British administration in Hong Kong, but not British sovereignty. 9286: 9032: 8986: 8077: 6875: 6172:

Annex I : Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

2850: 2701: 2685: 1995: 1968: 1896:

spiritual practice also remained legal in Hong Kong, despite encountering opposition from the SAR government.

1627:

English continued as an official language and is still taught in all schools. However, many schools teach in

1456: 1267: 922: 914:

that "there is nothing I could do to stop you, but the eyes of the world would now know what China is like".

816: 418:(now King Charles III) and broadcast around the world, is often considered to mark the definitive end of the 383: 382:

With a 1997 population of about 6.5 million, Hong Kong constituted 97 percent of the total population of all

371:" for a period of 50 years. Hong Kong became China's first special administrative region; it was followed by 230: 149: 7106: 5400: 9047: 8850: 8719: 8192: 8180: 6674: 5595: 5532:, N. H. C. Yung*, K. H. Au & A. H. S. Lai, Laboratory for Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, 4396: 2776: 2327: 2043: 1785: 1690: 969: 6029: 2739:). While many of Britain's remaining territories are significant to the global economy by virtue of being 2405:

of Commonwealth member states in Hong Kong were no longer known as Commissions, but as Consulates-General.

932:

The additional Article would hold tremendous significance in settling the question of Hong Kong and later

458:), which had since been the common descriptive statement in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan until mid-1990s. " 9316: 8866: 8678: 8394: 6449: 6252: 6049: 4767: 4700: 2870: 2716: 2659: 2618: 2554:, as well as buildings which grew into low-lying, densely packed neighbourhoods from the 1890s to 1940s. 2355: 2335: 2240: 2203: 1825: 1495: 1480: 1325: 925:, the constitution was amended to include a new Article 31 which stated that the country might establish 611: 411: 42: 5447: 4541: 1740:

in Hong Kong remained outside the jurisdiction of their embassies in Beijing, such as the United States

1725:

overseas, as well as in the Greater China Region. These include the offices in London, Washington D.C.,

638:, wrote to the United Nations Decolonization Committee to state the position of the Chinese government: 9296: 9291: 9215: 8874: 8804: 8724: 8693: 8624: 8499: 4353: 4209: 3450: 3433: 3412: 2926: 2276: 2002: 1424: 1398: 7632:

Chia-rong Wu, "Hong Kong Identity in Question: Fruit Chan's Uncanny Narrative and (Post-)97 Complex".

5316: 1259:

formed purely by Hong Kong people was established in 1985 to canvas views in Hong Kong on the drafts.

8966: 8740: 8546: 8220: 7041: 6756: 6650: 5349:"Christopher J. Marut Appointed as Director of the Taipei Office of the American Institute in Taiwan" 4567: 4383: 3105: 2977: 2740: 2148: 2130: 1817:

continued to have easier access to many countries, including those in Europe and North America, with

1694: 7478: 7391: 6221: 3786: 28: 8200: 7944: 7907: 7834: 7717: 7426: 7115: 7053: 6571: 6160: 6136: 6016: 5935: 5890: 5706: 5582: 5557: 5277:, Address given by Rt Hon Mike Moore, Director-General, World Trade Organization, 12 September 1999 5012: 4597: 4265: 3996: 3747: 3722: 3082: 2925:

agent in Hong Kong until the Handover, when he was handed over to the Chinese for his unauthorised

2772: 2606: 2443: 2222: 2017: 1852: 1704: 1402: 1175: 937: 853:

6 April 1982: Deng Xiaoping revealed his wish to have official contact with the British government.

630:

in 1971, it began to act diplomatically on its previously lost sovereignty over both Hong Kong and

368: 7539: 5222: 1796:, white on the front and yellow on the back, with the vehicle registration mark in a similar font. 772:

4 April 1979: The Kowloon–Canton through-train routes were restored after 30 years of non-service.

9346: 8917: 8750: 8571: 8426: 7092: 6621: 6610: 5533: 5255: 5114: 5103: 5091: 4358: 4253: 3508: 2866:

has made numerous references to 1997 including the song "Could Not Care Less About 1997" (話知你97).

2394: 2178: 2122: 2117: 1926: 1877:

than mainland China, under Article 27 of the Basic Law, despite the growing influence of Beijing.

1867: 1671: 1639: 1348: 1116: 1034: 798: 776: 623:

investments had been made in the New Territories, with break-evens lying well past 30 June 1997.

596: 439: 6193: 6124: 4542:"The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" 3448:"毛幫重視利益怎會收回香港" [Gang of Mao cares about interests so why would they recover Hong Kong]. 2799:, with 1 July 1997 being its end date and the handover ceremony being its last diplomatic act. 822:

issued nine guiding principles concerning a peaceful reunification of Taiwan and mainland China.

9301: 9037: 8650: 8561: 8265: 7747: 7409:

Hong Kong's reversion to China: effective monitoring critical to assess U.S. DIANE Publishing.

5993: 5719: 5522: 4143: 3428: 2982: 2753: 2744: 2697: 2645: 2461: 2317: 2287: 2152: 2051: 1679: 1394: 1244: 688: 635: 626:

When the People's Republic of China obtained its seat in the United Nations as a result of the

7957: 7862: 7221: 6922: 6895: 6379: 5825:

The RJ System of telephone plugs and sockets is gradually replacing the BT System in Hong Kong

5670: 5644: 5497: 5171: 5064: 4987: 4436: 4278: 4166: 4078: 4023: 3976: 3918: 2633:

on 19 June 1997 ordered the provisions pertaining to Hong Kong to take effect on 1 July 1997.

2058:, whose members were mainly elected from among professional sectors and business leaders. The 976:, claiming the leftists' aim was to leave the UK without effective control, or "to Macau us". 9253: 9073: 8634: 8587: 7016: 6897:

Hong Kong's New Constitutional Order: The Resumption of Chinese Sovereignty and the Basic Law

6729: 6638: 6301: 5375: 4730: 4523: 4294: 4050: 3977:

Elections, Political Change and Basic Law Government: Hong Kong in Search of a Political Form

3948: 3773: 3511:[Deng Xiaoping during negotiations of Hong Kong returning to motherland.]. CPC News. 3043: 2833: 2724: 2059: 1536: 1293:

and the National People's Congress, respectively. Hong Kong's people have limited influence.

988: 794:. Both of them expressed their concern to maintain the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong. 655: 7678: 5536:, IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, Itsc, 1999, p. 418-422 1703:

Hong Kong remained an individual member of various international organisations, such as the

1351:

staff were suspended or arrested for their corrupt behaviour in granting immigration visas.

9336: 8755: 8468: 8236: 8213: 7969: 5244: 5080: 3600: 3034: 2705: 2321: 2283: 1945: 1874: 1343: 984: 892: 740:

under which Hong Kong Island and Kowloon had been ceded to Britain in perpetuity after the

677: 588: 531: 451: 6304:

Designing History in East Asian Textbooks: Identity Politics and Transnational Aspirations

6302:"Learning to Love the Motherland: 'National Education' in Post-Retrocession Hong Kong" in 6183:

Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

6171: 3801: 3544: 1918: 1602:

Chinese communists portrayed the return of Hong Kong as a key moment in the PRC's rise to

651:

passed the resolution on removing Hong Kong and Macau from the official list of colonies.

8: 9104: 8070:"Different Roads to Home: The Retrocession of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese sovereignty" 6843:, Jane McNair and Professor Peter Willoughby, Deacons Graham & James, Hong Kong SAR, 5267: 5041: 3026: 2961: 2953: 2892:, which he makes references to the handover, ten years since Hong Kong's return to China. 2823: 2757: 2515: 2398: 2331: 1814: 1645: 1238: 1209: 1205: 1196: 863:

May 1982: Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang collected advice from Hong Kong notables such as

514:, while the British declared "(to) restore Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China" ( 352: 325: 6534: 5148: 5126: 4866: 8520: 8148: 8094: 8031:"Schizophrenic Hong Kong: Postcolonial Identity Crisis in the Infernal Affairs Trilogy" 6332: 5071:, Michael Crossley, Patricia Broadfoot, Michele Schweisfurth, Routledge, 2007, page 198 5069:

Changing Educational Contexts, Issues and Identities: 40 Years of Comparative Education

5065:

Education and colonial transition in Singapore and Hong Kong: Comparisons and contrasts

4919: 4870: 4835: 4025:

Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes

3366:"How did the Chinese Government settle the question of Hong Kong through negotiations?" 3294: 3286: 3067: 2988:

game, is set in Hong Kong around the time of the transition. The player controls Chin (

2934: 2813: 2784: 2780: 2655: 2306: 2272: 2112: 2047: 1718:, continued to send its own team to international sporting events such as the Olympics. 1516: 1406: 1321: 1201: 339:

Hong Kong had been a colony of the British Empire since 1841, except for four years of

8144: 6736:, edited by Larry Chuen-ho Chow, Yiu-Kwan Fan, Chinese University Press, 1998, page 39 3007:

The handover of Hong Kong is referenced multiple times and witnessed in the 1997 film

2992:), who was called by the Hong Kong government to kill the invading Chinese, including 1642:, continued to be patrolled as before, with separate immigration and customs controls. 8174: 8114: 8046: 7850: 7684: 7410: 7281: 7254: 7227: 7200: 7022: 6971: 6928: 6901: 6693: 6546: 6385: 6316: 5848: 5774: 5768: 5650: 5523:

Recognition of vehicle registration mark on moving vehicles in an outdoor environment

5503: 5381: 5177: 5045: 4993: 4933: 4848: 4736: 4640: 4442: 4300: 4172: 4056: 4029: 3954: 3924: 3896: 3390: 3365: 3298: 3204: 3178: 3163: 3149: 3131: 3112: 2945: 2855: 2775:, having been bequeathed the incipient domains of its later empire by inheriting the 2529: 2521: 2452: 2177:, dealing with domestic matters. This had been established under British rule as the 2096: 1678:, with previous laws remaining in force provided that they did not conflict with the 1528: 1520: 1366: 1160: 895:

in 1856, and the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory signed in 1890.

791: 730: 695: 592: 577: 549: 535: 403: 348: 320:(SAR) for 50 years, maintaining its own economic and governing systems from those of 310: 7659: 7508: 5800: 5348: 1907:) are still used in Hong Kong. However, telephone companies changed from installing 1409:) were, by and large, the most popular destinations. The United Kingdom devised the 1224:

the ultimate goal of election by universal suffrage of the chief executive" and the

1187:

The Hong Kong Basic Law ensured, among other things, that Hong Kong will retain its

9229: 8896: 8140: 8086: 8038: 7347: 6947: 6355: 5377:

The First Decade: The Hong Kong SAR in Retrospective and Introspective Perspectives

4221: 3886: 3278: 2842: 2573: 2525: 2343: 2005:, responsible for English-medium schools, which would not be phased out until 2016. 1908: 1756: 1686: 1632: 1168: 1131:, the then PRC Deputy Foreign Minister and leader of the negotiation team, and Sir 1096: 962:

as a "Chinese territory under Portuguese administration", this was only temporary.

759: 581: 545: 515: 503: 495: 482: 471: 463: 443: 431: 388: 8205: 8098: 8030: 7365: 6381:

Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal: The Development of the Law in China's Hong Kong

3891: 3874: 3335: 2225:

to remember the war dead; previously British troops raised flags representing the

2129:

At international sporting events such as the Olympics, Hong Kong was now known as

309:

was at midnight on 1 July 1997. This event ended 156 years of British rule in the

8196: 8185: 8170: 8012: 7989: 7964: 7939: 7917: 7779: 7757: 7544: 7398: 7392:

Laws and Regulations Regarding Hong Kong & Macao Affairs: Legislative History

7372: 7352: 7343: 7316: 7275: 7248: 7194: 7127: 7110: 7084: 7048: 6999: 6954: 6882: 6863: 6804: 6783: 6768: 6752: 6687: 6670: 6645: 6617: 6594: 6566: 6541: 6521: 6516: 6456: 6433: 6411: 6362: 6339: 6312: 6284: 6264: 6259: 6200: 6178: 6156: 6131: 6080: 6036: 6011: 5989: 5874: 5842: 5807: 5748: 5726: 5701: 5629: 5624: 5602: 5577: 5552: 5529: 5477: 5454: 5432: 5407: 5274: 5251: 5229: 5155: 5133: 5110: 5087: 5019: 4914: 4889: 4830: 4805: 4785: 4762: 4707: 4482: 4461: 4420: 4403: 4378: 4371: 4349: 4326: 4260: 4241: 4216: 4152: 4113: 4087: 4003: 3654: 3635: 2580:; by this time, Britain had had enough, and simply adopted a "hands-off" policy. 2543: 2339: 2234: 1956:. Calls between Hong Kong and the mainland still required international dialling. 1915: 1829: 1370: 1100: 1005: 952:

that Hong Kong was a party to talks on its future, alongside Beijing and London.

836: 620: 607: 553: 360: 344: 8069: 7647:

Remaking Chinese Cinema: Through the Prism of Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Hollywood

7077: 6073: 3875:"Britain's Approach to the Negotiations over the Future of Hong Kong, 1979–1982" 3619:"This law took effect on 1 July 1997, upon the transfer of sovereignty from the 3160:

Sovereignty and the status quo: the historical roots of China's Hong Kong policy

2881:

satirically expresses the anxiety felt by Hong Kong residents over the handover.

9114: 8494: 5957: 5905: 5646:

Political Development in Hong Kong: State, Political Society, and Civil Society

5425: 4726: 4498: 3980: 3628: 3620: 3492: 3475: 2997: 2993: 2970: 2966: 2905: 2896: 2849:

The handover is the backdrop for "A Death in Hong Kong", the first episode the

2796: 2748: 2671: 2630: 2351: 2310: 2021: 2013: 1983: 1840: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1512: 1423:

was among the most popular destinations, earning the nickname of "Hongcouver".

1386: 1252: 995: 907: 847: 737: 715: 419: 321: 302: 115: 110: 72: 7876: 7796: 6277: 2080:

Foreign nationals were not allowed to stand for directly elected seats in the

805:" was introduced. This status proposal was widely opposed by Hong Kong people. 9275: 8401: 8110: 8050: 7983:

Racism, Violence & Madness Make This Awful Hong Kong Game One to Remember

7722: 7713:"Everything you need to know about Hong Kong's return to Chinese sovereignty" 7320: 6745: 5753: 5730: 5618:

Tens of Thousands Gather in Hong Kong to Remember the 1989 Tiananmen Massacre

5233: 4894: 4869:

as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from

4810: 4712: 4191: 3900: 3689: 3386: 3241:"'They can't speak freely': Hong Kong a year after the national security law" 2688:(as they were then classified before the term British Overseas Territory was 2588: 2369: 2268: 2244: 1987: 1976: 1964: 1591: 1587: 1092: 825:

30 October 1981: The House of Commons passed the new British Nationality Act.

766: 733:

sought the PRC's agreement to a continued British presence in the territory.

666: 7772: 3835: 2184:

The Hong Kong SAR Government was now formally represented in Beijing by the

1839:

Until 2020, it continued to have significantly more political freedoms than

9265: 9241: 8090: 8042: 7143:"Filling the State Immunity Lacuna in Hong Kong: The Congo Case | Insights" 6809: 6473: 6404: 5812: 5482: 5412: 4008: 3014: 2732: 2585: 2254: 2248: 2226: 1540: 1441: 1278: 973: 899: 857: 703: 691: 565: 540: 490: 4598:"China Resumes Control of Hong Kong, Concluding 156 Years of British Rule" 3574: 3146:

The final years of British Hong Kong: The discourse of colonial withdrawal

2791:), the handover of Hong Kong to China is regarded by many (including King 363:. The date of the handover in 1997 marked the end of this lease. The 1984 6948:

Chief Executive holds 'useful, cordial' talks with British Prime Minister

6096: 5867: 5290: 5197: 5081:

Lok Ma Chau Control Point to provide 24-hour passenger clearance services

4052:

Hong Kong: The Pearl Made of British Mastery and Chinese Docile-diligence

3605: 3009: 2989: 2973:, is set in Hong Kong during the 24 hours before the end of British rule. 2918: 2908:, is set largely in Hong Kong during the days leading up to the Handover. 2885: 2792: 2409: 1689:

continued to be used as its sole currency, and the responsibility of the

1603: 1579: 1563: 1153: 1111:

Just as the atmosphere of the talks was becoming cordial, members of the

1078: 864: 839:. Zhao insisted that the PRC would uphold its sovereignty over Hong Kong. 832: 819: 787: 415: 407: 8152: 8124: 8006:

Chinese Box (1997) Film Review; A Meditation on the Meaning of Hong Kong

7877:"Artist : Jin Title : 1997 Album : ABC Track No : 9" 3024:

The handover is depicted near the conclusion of the 2003 Hong Kong film

2735:

granted independence in 1960), or a combination of the latter two (like

1286:. This "mainstream" proposal was criticised for being too conservative. 7921: 7761: 6857:

The UK's relations with Hong Kong: 30 years after the Joint Declaration

5895:, Issues 7–12, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, 2002 5317:"Official report of proceedings, 11 November 1982, Legislative Council" 4200:. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 2011. Pages 496–7. 3466: 3320: 3290: 3266: 2901: 2878: 2863: 2808: 2752:

Territories is approximately 250,000, which is less than all but three

2720: 2676:

List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom

2641: 2365: 2362: 2230: 2186:

Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

2100: 1991: 1893: 1821:

holders having visa-free access to 154 other countries and territories.

1532: 1524: 1378: 1217: 1120: 1048: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 741: 723: 719: 707: 569: 435: 76: 8035:

Transtext(e)s Transcultures 跨文本跨文化. Journal of Global Cultural Studies

2684:, British Hong Kong had no status of pre-eminence vis-a-vis the other 2498:

would extend well after the handover, Governor Wilson met PRC Premier

1455:

After the Patten proposals were passed, Beijing decided to create the

8421: 7199:. New Asia College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. p. 88. 6798:

Hong Kong to cover British insignia on postboxes to 'avoid confusion'

6288: 4476:

ON THIS DAY: 26 September 1984: UK and China agree Hong Kong handover

4320:

The Chinese government resumed exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong

2788: 2764: 2736: 2577: 2302: 2298: 1804: 1628: 1390: 1339: 1283: 868: 253: 172: 87: 34: 3282: 2542:

The 1898 Convention which handed additional parts of Hong Kong (the

1807:. Vehicles registered in the mainland can enter Hong Kong under the 1023: 6827: 6343: 5495: 5426:

List of Air Services Agreements and Air Services Transit Agreements

5149:

Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China

5023: 4853: 4645: 4486: 3021:. The film itself was filmed leading up to and during the handover. 2874: 2768: 2419:

Consulates of countries which maintained diplomatic relations with

1960: 1885: 1726: 1505: 1128: 801:

by the Conservative Party in the British government, a new status "

706:, who succeeded MacLehose as the 26th Governor of Hong Kong, led a 274: 193: 2471:

Absolute diplomatic immunity was restored in Hong Kong until 2024.

1099:& Co., said they were not pulling out of Hong Kong, but a new 7881: 7801: 7783: 7168:"China's new Foreign State Immunity law marks major legal change" 7103: 6005:

ESF's new chief executive Belinda Greer looks to boost efficiency

5546:

Cross-border licence plates go for a million yuan on black market

4824:

U.S. Immigration Officer in Hong Kong Investigated for Corruption

4407: 3946: 3038: 3018: 2913: 2696:, having a 1997 population of approximately only 62,000). With a 2693: 2558: 2499: 2368:

were removed from the streets of Hong Kong and replaced by green

1911: 1904: 1803:

plates to travel to and from mainland China, similar to those of

1571: 1374: 1104: 694:, who had been dispatched as the special envoy of Prime Minister 329: 7196:

Before and After Suzie: Hong Kong in Western Film and Literature

5173:

China Briefing's Business Guide to the Greater Pearl River Delta

3603:

discussed legal issues after Hong Kong returned to China.].

1899:

Many other technical standards from the United Kingdom, such as

9260: 7993: 7310:

Hong Kong's infamous Walled City to be converted into park area

4118: 4080:

Hong Kong's Journey to Reunification: Memoirs of Sze-yuen Chung

3407: 2728: 2533: 2420: 2386:. This has responsibility for British citizens, instead of the 2001:

The Hong Kong government continued to make a subvention to the

1770: 1752: 1730: 7018:

Hong Kong's Transition to Chinese Rule: The Limits of Autonomy

5040:. New Approaches to International History series. London, UK: 2831:

The handover is central to the plot of the 1998 action comedy

1266:

The Basic Law was formally promulgated on 4 April 1990 by the

790:

visited Britain and had a meeting with British prime minister

502:) and "to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong" ( 7192: 3624: 3073:

Monument in Commemoration of the Return of Hong Kong to China

2566: 2551: 2193:

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China

1930: 1382: 1333: 959: 933: 850:, promising to maintain Hong Kong's stability and prosperity. 843: 765:

29 March 1979: Sir Murray MacLehose met Chinese Vice Premier

631: 372: 306: 104: 99: 38: 7676: 5291:"Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong China" 3201:

Hong Kong's Tortuous Democratization: A Comparative Analysis

2623:

Laws and Regulations Regarding Hong Kong & Macao Affairs

2243:

was not used as the residence of the first chief executive,

1880:

It also continued to have more religious freedoms, with the

5268:

Address Via Video-Conference – A challenge to APEC business

3001: 2536: 2413: 1708: 6450:

Renamed Xinhua becomes a new force in Hong Kong's politics

6377: 5831:(OFTA), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government 5720:

Hong Kong * | Country report | Freedom of the Press | 2015

4438:

Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong

4372:

Hong Kong business world shaken by political uncertainties

4164: 4090:, Sze Yuen Chung, Chinese University Press, 2001, page 123 3987:, Larry Diamond, Ramon H. Myers, OUP Oxford, 2001, page 55 3406:"平學生護權會要求收回香港旅大" [Students urge to recover Hong Kong, 2644:

no. 102-383m 106 Stat. 1448) is a 1992 act enacted by the

2416:, were allowed to establish or re-open Consulates-General. 2216:

Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building

347:, its territory was expanded in 1860 with the addition of 6204: 5223:

Bank of China Authorized to Issue HKD and MOP (1987–1992)

4675:

Cheung, Gary; Cheung, Tony; Mai, Jun (20 December 2021).

3099: 2922: 2599: 1972: 1934: 1659:

in Hong Kong. Instead, they had to apply for a permit to

1413:, granting 50,000 families British citizenship under the 1274:, after voicing views supporting the student protesters. 968:

However, this had previously been rejected following the

279: 265: 198: 184: 9131:

Introduction of Safeguarding National Security Ordinance

5931: 5770:

Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong

3128:

Cheshire, North & Fawcett: Private International Law

1448:

Patten introduced a package of electoral reforms in the

1191:, and people's rights and freedom for fifty years, as a 684:

the creation of a withdrawal plan in case of emergency.

3047:(2022), in the season's final episode "Decommissioned". 2438:, bringing it into line with mainland China and Taiwan. 7337:

Riot police evict Hong Kong residents from Walled City

6150:

Hong Kong Undergraduate Education Reform Under "3+3+4"

5127:

General Information on the Right of Abode in Hong Kong

4989:

China Live: People Power and the Television Revolution

3920:

Feeling the Stones: Reminiscences by David Akers-Jones

3126:

Fawcett, J.J.; Carruthers, J.M.; North, Peter (2008).

3125: 2330:

changed, with British-inspired occasions, such as the

2091:

All public office buildings now flew the flags of the

1714:

Hong Kong, which remained an individual member of the

1500:

The handover ceremony was held at the new wing of the

9213: 1799:

Hong Kong-registered vehicles still required special

1638:

The border with the mainland, while now known as the

1554:

Representing the People's Republic of China were the

7273: 7226:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 195. 6834: 4867:

Text of the British Nationality Act (Hong Kong) 1990

3950:

The Hong Kong Reader: Passage to Chinese Sovereignty

2640:

or more commonly known as the Hong Kong Policy Act (

2602:

3 billion to resettle the residents and shops.

1998:, nor did it introduce a postcode system of its own. 1788:, unlike mainland China, which drives on the right. 1291:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

1212:. In 2019, demonstrations that started as a protest 936:, putting into social consciousness the concept of " 8235: 7577:. Government of Bermuda, Department of Statistics. 6333:

Fifa investigates Hong Kong over China match booing

5448:

New air accord a result of compromise, analysts say

5038:

The Fear of Chinese Power: an International History

4967: 3575:"Instrument A601 Hong Kong Reunification Ordinance" 3336:"China intends to recover Hong Kong, official says" 2723:), territories used as military bases (for example 2509: 2502:in Beijing to ease the mind of the PRC government. 1733:, previously known as Hong Kong Government Offices. 1655:Residents of mainland China still did not have the 604:

Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory

6535:PLA Hong Kong Garrison Head Office to Use New Name 6218:"Results of the 1998 Legislative Council Election" 5245:Hong Kong operates as a separate Customs territory 4955: 4943: 4626:"1898 and all that—a Brief History of Hong Kong". 4292: 3855:. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 74. 1751:The Chung Hwa Travel Service, which functioned as 786:29 October 1979: CCP Chairman and Chinese Premier 6583: 6581: 4244:, State Council of the People's Republic of China 3916: 3107:Dicey, Morris and Collins on the Conflict of Laws 2237:every morning, lowering them again before sunset. 1445:affected the negotiations for a smooth handover. 1149:The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed by 1138: 410:after the war. The transfer, which was marked by 9273: 7427:"Albright To Attend Hong Kong Transfer Ceremony" 6634: 6632: 6630: 5496:Andrew Stone; Chung Wah Chow; Reggie Ho (2008). 5176:. China Briefing Media, Ltd. 2004. p. 245. 4021: 2888:has a song called "1997" in his Cantonese album 1764:Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong 1085:in the form of an administration post-handover. 921:At the same time, at the 5th session of the 5th 634:. In March 1972, the Chinese UN representative, 7453:"Smooth Hong Kong handover lifts China's image" 7219: 4674: 3667:Inquiry: Hong Kong: The Transfer of Sovereignty 3277:(9). University of California Press: 887, 890. 2719:), small islands or micro land masses (such as 2214:. The Prince of Wales Building was renamed the 2173:was now formally represented in Hong Kong by a 1320:More than 10,000 Hong Kong residents rushed to 442:(CCP) proposed "(China) to recover Hong Kong" ( 8287:Opening of the Hong Kong International Airport 7706: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7014: 6578: 4516: 4235:Constitution of the People's Republic of China 3912: 3910: 3539: 3537: 3033:The handover of Hong Kong is portrayed in the 2378:The United Kingdom was now represented by the 2301:" were replaced by references to the "State". 2210:, taking over responsibility for defence from 1824:Many former colonial citizens could still use 1697:had already started issuing banknotes in 1994. 1483:system for the Legislative Council elections. 1469:selection of the first chief executive in 1996 324:during this time, although influence from the 8972:NPC decision on national security legislation 8784:HKU pro-vice-chancellor selection controversy 8221: 7366:Kowloon Walled City Park – History/Background 7035: 6920: 6712: 6627: 6427:In Watching Hong Kong, China Loses The Shades 6405:Secretary for Justice, Mr Rimsky Yuen, SC, JP 6356:A Brief Overview of the Court of Final Appeal 5932:"Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation" 5373: 4668: 4641:"Hong Kong: Timeline of extradition protests" 4568:"What Country Is Hong Kong in? China or Not?" 4197:Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China 4155:, Michael B. Yahuda, Routledge, 1996, page 45 4048: 2320:was replaced by a local system, in which the 2181:, before it adopted its present name in 2000. 2031:British-inspired road names remain unchanged. 1843:, with the holding of demonstrations and the 235: 221: 154: 140: 8887:Opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge 7933:Will James Bond bow to Beijing's censorship? 7827: 6120: 6118: 6097:"Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens" 4633: 3947:Ming K. Chan; Gerard A. Postiglione (1996). 2840:It is also mentioned in another 1998 film — 2665: 2358:, was abolished as a public holiday in 1950. 1609: 1594:. The event was broadcast around the world. 1586:of the Central Military Commission, General 1251:composed of members from both Hong Kong and 1193:special administrative region (SAR) of China 687:Three years later, Deng received the former 7697: 7253:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 232. 7078:Hong Kong – A New Era – Civil Aviation 6968:"Commonwealth Games Federation – Hong Kong" 6900:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 167. 6384:. Cambridge University Press. p. 227. 5649:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 135. 4985: 4441:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 210. 4411:, HC Deb 20 January 1988 vol 125 cc971-1018 4171:. Cambridge University Press. p. 109. 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4028:. Princeton University Press. p. 224. 3923:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 109. 3907: 3534: 16:1997 handover of Hong Kong from UK to China 8352:Director of Immigration v. Chong Fung Yuen 8228: 8214: 7828:Leung, Pak-hei; Reuters (12 August 2021). 7572:"Gross Domestic Product – 2017 highlights" 7537: 7246: 7129:Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific 6957:, Government of Hong Kong, 22 October 1997 6770:Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific 5829:Office of the Telecommunications Authority 5760: 5285: 5283: 4343:Typhoon Ellen Batters Hong Kong, killing 6 4299:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 37. 3942: 3940: 2821:The first scripts of 1997 James Bond film 2651:The United States was represented by then 2458:Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre 2456:was erected in a public space outside the 2116:, was no longer played after closedown on 2026:Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens 1515:, who read a farewell speech on behalf of 1502:Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre 881: 860:arrived as the 26th Governor of Hong Kong. 812:met Deng Xiaoping in his visit to Beijing. 481:"Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong" ( 8620:Anti-Hong Kong Express Rail Link movement 7830:"Ban looms on songs with illegal content" 6893: 6841:Hong Kong after the change of sovereignty 6773:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1997. 6730:Continuity and Change in the Legal System 6560:Confusion over flags leaves Cenotaph bare 6115: 4992:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 395. 4434: 3972: 3970: 3890: 2612: 2354:, commemorating the establishment of the 1674:, with a separate legal system from that 1151:Premier of the People's Republic of China 1064:Learn how and when to remove this message 8720:Hong Kong Television Network controversy 8689:Moral and National Education controversy 8657:Vallejos v. Commissioner of Registration 7683:. Columbia University Press. p. 2. 7636:(April 2017), Vol. 24 Issue 1, pp 43–56. 7540:"Hong Kong since the handover in charts" 7377:Leisure and Cultural Services Department 7193:Thomas Y. T. Luk; James P. Rice (2002). 6639:A Battle Royal Rocks Imperial Yacht Club 6085:Leisure and Cultural Services Department 5380:. Chinese University Press. p. 87. 4781:Singapore Lure Stirs Crowds In Hong Kong 4735:. Harvard University Press. p. 80. 4463:Daily Report: People's Republic of China 4106: 4093: 4074: 4072: 3985:Elections and Democracy in Greater China 3850: 3238: 3058:History of Chinese immigration to Canada 2787:, always having been an imperial power, 1884:remaining under the jurisdiction of the 1467:, which in turn was responsible for the 1415:British Nationality Act (Hong Kong) 1990 1232: 539: 8029:Choy, Howard Y. F. (1 September 2007). 7677:Chris Berry; Mary Ann Farquhar (2006). 7388:Ministry of Justice (Republic of China) 6927:. Pfeiffer & Company. p. 417. 6692:. Government Press. 1999. p. 354. 5766: 5742:Pope appoints Hong Kong bishop to Macau 5642: 5280: 4283:, Issues 21–26, C.E.F.C., 1999, page 13 3937: 3676: 3674: 3648:Legislative Council of Hong Kong record 3264: 2142:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1809:Hong Kong mainland China driving scheme 9274: 8119:– Transcript broadcast on 13 June 1997 7403: 5847:. WRTH Publications Ltd. p. 642. 4725: 4425:, Part 3, BBC Monitoring Service, 1984 3967: 3111:(14th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell. 3063:Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom 2479: 2397:and no longer participated in related 2393:Hong Kong was no longer linked to the 2273:organisations that had been granted it 2012:Statues of British monarchs remained. 1890:Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 758:24 March 1979: Hong Kong Governor Sir 318:special administrative region of China 9100:Removal of COVID-19 pandemic measures 8209: 7710: 7584:from the original on 21 December 2018 7552:from the original on 15 December 2018 7519:from the original on 21 December 2018 7489:from the original on 21 December 2018 6378:Simon N. M. Young; Yash Ghai (2014). 5879:International Telecommunication Union 5564: 5471:Celebrating 50 years of UK road signs 5035: 4883:Chinese Vancouver: A decade of change 4620: 4590: 4528:Hong Kong Legal Information Institute 4422:Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East 4313: 4296:Hong Kong's Watershed: The 1967 Riots 4165:Roger Buckley; Buckley Roger (1997). 4158: 4069: 3872: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3808:from the original on 23 November 2020 3221:Vol. 28 Number 2 (May 1994): 317–337. 2802: 2486:Port and Airport Development Strategy 1994:. Hong Kong was not made part of the 1834:British nationality law and Hong Kong 1667:in Hong Kong from the PRC government. 1597: 1272:4 June 1989 Tiananmen Square protests 1182: 1013: 943: 355:, and in 1898, when Britain obtained 8129:Communist and Post-Communist Studies 8122: 8067: 8028: 7999: 7821: 7797:"Sam Hui 許冠傑 – 話知你97 (電影『新半斤八两』主題曲)" 7729:from the original on 18 October 2017 7433:from the original on 28 January 2011 6611:CE moves into Government House today 6588:Change in Hong Kong Is Slow but Sure 6510:Hong Kong forces withdrawal outlined 6194:Chris Patten – Governor of Hong Kong 5840: 5029: 4973: 4908:A tale of two solitudes written anew 4653:from the original on 5 November 2019 4559: 3802:"盧斯達：「內地」如何進佔香港——中共對語言用字的確切規定 (951)" 3671: 3496:. 10 January 1990. p. Headline. 3465:"吳學謙與英外相會談,側重於九七年中國收回香港香港成為特區" [ 3198: 2271:" title was dropped from almost all 2062:was appointed by the United Kingdom. 1982:Hong Kong retained its own separate 1723:Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices 1489: 1411:British Nationality Selection Scheme 1296: 1277:The Basic Law was said to be a mini- 1158:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1077:letter addressed to the PRC Premier 1046:adding citations to reliable sources 1017: 803:British Overseas Territories citizen 391:, which included events such as the 379:in 1999 under similar arrangements. 8846:Imprisonment of democracy activists 8199: (archived 12 December 1997) – 7634:American Journal of Chinese Studies 7455:. CNN. 15 July 1997. Archived from 7280:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 253. 6866:, Tenth Report of Session 2014–15, 5596:Visa-free access for HKSAR Passport 4961: 4949: 4578:from the original on 9 October 2014 4336: 4107:Cottrell, Robert (30 August 1992). 3819: 3799: 3346:from the original on 3 October 2015 3172: 2795:) as marking the conclusion of the 2771:for the first time in its history ( 2756:, and roughly equal to that of the 2179:Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch 1882:Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong 1862:Until 2021, it continued to have a 1652:, in order to visit mainland China. 1648:were still required to apply for a 1477:Legislative Council elected in 1995 815:30 September 1981: Chairman of the 628:UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 332:increased after the passing of the 13: 9332:Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations 9084:2022 Xi Jinping visit to Hong Kong 8982:LegCo candidates' disqualification 8815:LegCo candidates' disqualification 8061: 7889:from the original on 16 April 2017 7809:from the original on 23 April 2017 7680:China on Screen: Cinema and Nation 7042:Liberian consulate forced to close 6480:from the original on 16 April 2016 6103:from the original on 30 March 2016 5958:"ISO Online Browsing Platform: CN" 5938:from the original on 21 March 2016 5906:"ISO Online Browsing Platform: HK" 5297:from the original on 16 March 2016 5204:from the original on 29 March 2016 4799:6,000 from HK given residency here 4565: 3859: 3760:from the original on 19 April 2014 3479:. 11 March 1988. p. Headline. 3416:. 20 March 1947. p. Headline. 3376:from the original on 13 March 2007 3305:from the original on 11 March 2021 3078:Transfer of sovereignty over Macau 2638:United States–Hong Kong Policy Act 2524:of Hong Kong. After the ceding of 2372:boxes. All others were re-painted. 2286:was removed from the crest of the 2251:, moved into the compound in 2007. 2221:Flags were no longer flown at the 2195:was represented in Hong Kong by a 2073:, was dissolved and replaced by a 1089:PRC's proposal on the 1997 issue. 647:The same year, on 8 November, the 14: 9358: 9151:Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict 9043:7th Legislative Council elections 8820:6th Legislative Council elections 8774:Causeway Bay Books disappearances 8699:5th Legislative Council elections 8557:4th Legislative Council elections 8443:3rd Legislative Council elections 8335:2nd Legislative Council elections 8282:1st Legislative Council elections 8160: 5964:from the original on 17 June 2016 5912:from the original on 17 June 2016 5355:from the original on 4 March 2016 5329:from the original on 3 March 2016 4756:In the Court of the King of Tonga 4608:from the original on 20 June 2016 4499:"The Joint Declaration - Annex 2" 3682:"新华社新闻信息报道中的禁用词和慎用词（2019年2月最新修订）" 3555:from the original on 26 June 2018 3454:. 18 June 1967. p. Headline. 3317:Communist party general secretary 2492:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 2212:British Forces Overseas Hong Kong 1921:ones. Hong Kong also adopted the 1849:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 1303:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 281:Hoeng1 gong2 zyu2 kyun4 ji4 gaau1 9322:Separatism in the United Kingdom 9259: 9247: 9235: 9223: 9203:2023 Hong Kong electoral changes 9110:2023 Hong Kong electoral changes 8022: 7976: 7951: 7926: 7901: 7869: 7789: 7766: 7741: 7711:Singh, Harminder (1 July 2016). 7670: 7652: 7639: 7626: 7614:from the original on 25 May 2017 7596: 7564: 7531: 7501: 7471: 7445: 7419: 7381: 7359: 7330: 7303: 7294: 7267: 7240: 7213: 7186: 7160: 7135: 7121: 7097: 7071: 7060: 7008: 6986: 6960: 6941: 6914: 6887: 6868:Foreign Affairs Select Committee 6850: 6816: 6791: 6777: 6761: 6739: 6723: 6706: 6680: 6657: 6604: 6553: 6528: 6503: 6492: 6466: 6443: 6420: 6398: 6371: 6349: 6326: 6294: 6271: 6246: 6236: 6210: 6187: 6165: 6159:, University Design Consortium, 6143: 6089: 6067: 6042: 6023: 5998: 5976: 5950: 5924: 5898: 5884: 5861: 5834: 5818: 5794: 5735: 5713: 5607:Hong Kong Immigration Department 5571:New entry plan for mainland cars 4254:Benefits of a three-legged stool 4210:China plotted Hong Kong invasion 3879:The International History Review 3437:. 3 June 1948. p. Headline. 3267:"The Mousetrapping of Hong Kong" 3239:Davidson, Helen (30 June 2021). 3195:Number 17 (December 2015): 1–20. 2510:Views of the Kowloon Walled City 2388:Hong Kong Immigration Department 2382:, which reports directly to the 2024:'s statue similarly remained in 1939:Technical standards in Hong Kong 1914:telephone sockets to installing 1779:European Union roadway standards 1744:, which reports directly to the 1590:; and the first chief executive 1511:The principal British guest was 1430: 1257:Basic Law Consultative Committee 1113:Legislative Council of Hong Kong 1022: 831:6 January 1982: Chinese Premier 808:3 April 1981: Foreign Secretary 109: 98: 41:(right) being raised during the 27: 9312:1997 in international relations 9198:2021 Hong Kong electoral reform 9023:2021 Hong Kong electoral reform 8810:Legislative Council by-election 8625:Legislative Council by-election 8531:Legislative Council by-election 8469:Opening of Hong Kong Disneyland 8177:– On Air – January and May 1997 8173: (archived 16 June 1997) – 8123:Baum, Richard (December 1999). 6734:The Other Hong Kong Report 1998 6719:. Government Press. p. 30. 6367:Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal 5688: 5663: 5636: 5611: 5589: 5539: 5516: 5489: 5464: 5441: 5419: 5394: 5367: 5341: 5309: 5261: 5238: 5216: 5190: 5164: 5142: 5120: 5097: 5074: 5058: 5013:Hong Kong Night – Sunday 1 July 5006: 4979: 4926: 4901: 4876: 4860: 4842: 4817: 4792: 4774: 4749: 4719: 4694: 4534: 4491: 4469: 4455: 4428: 4414: 4390: 4365: 4286: 4272: 4247: 4228: 4203: 4185: 4137: 4055:. Nova Publishers. p. 68. 4042: 4015: 3990: 3844: 3828: 3793: 3740: 3704: 3688:. 29 March 2019. Archived from 3659: 3640: 3613: 3592: 3567: 3515:from the original on 3 May 2018 3500: 3427:"我政府健全後將促收回香港，英報謂我朝野均有此心" [ 3093: 2496:Hong Kong International Airport 2384:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 2348:Hong Kong SAR Establishment Day 2144:as the highest court of appeal. 2120:. The Chinese national anthem, 2075:Provisional Legislative Council 1857:Hong Kong national security law 1781:, particularly those of the UK. 1716:International Olympic Committee 1473:Provisional Legislative Council 1437:1994 Hong Kong electoral reform 1373:), the United Kingdom (London, 1033:needs additional citations for 649:United Nations General Assembly 334:Hong Kong national security law 316:Hong Kong was established as a 280: 266: 199: 185: 9327:China–United Kingdom relations 9161:anti-parallel trading protests 8930:6th District Council elections 8892:Victor Mallet visa controversy 8789:5th District Council elections 8679:Protests against Kong Qingdong 8663:4th District Council elections 8526:3rd District Council elections 8417:2nd District Council elections 8308:1st District Council elections 8181:Hong Kong: The Return to China 8137:University of California Press 7608:Office for National Statistics 7538:Bland and Pong, Ben and Jane. 7223:A Concise History of Hong Kong 6315:. Routledge (Abingdon), 2011. 6125:17 holidays to stay after 1997 5502:. Lonely Planet. p. 278. 5401:Is name change a game changer? 5198:"Hong Kong Monetary Authority" 3506: 3483: 3458: 3441: 3420: 3399: 3358: 3328: 3258: 3232: 3177:. Hong Kong University Press. 1959:Hong Kong retained a separate 1944:Hong Kong retained a separate 1925:devised in mainland China for 1508:on the night of 30 June 1997. 1145:Sino-British Joint Declaration 1139:Sino-British Joint Declaration 927:Special Administrative Regions 614:leased for 99 years until 1997 552:in 1860, and the lease of the 512:Sino-British Joint Declaration 365:Sino-British Joint Declaration 236: 222: 155: 141: 1: 9173:Leung Chun-ying–UGL agreement 9033:Apple Daily raids and arrests 8987:Apple Daily raids and arrests 8825:LegCo oath-taking controversy 8500:Demolition of Star Ferry Pier 8464:2005 Chief Executive election 8374:Article 23 legislation debate 8145:10.1016/S0967-067X(99)00019-7 8078:Journal of Contemporary China 8068:Chan, Ming K. (August 2003). 7277:A Modern History of Hong Kong 7274:Steve Yui-Sang Tsang (2004). 5671:"Hong Kong's Rigged Election" 5256:Government Information Centre 5115:Government Information Centre 5092:Government Information Centre 3892:10.1080/07075332.2021.2024588 3545:"香港主權移交20週年：為什麼BBC中文網不說「回歸」？" 3340:The Christian Science Monitor 3225: 2686:British Dependent Territories 2110:The British national anthem, 1855:,. Upon the enactment of the 1617:Unchanged after 30 June 1997 1457:Preliminary Working Committee 1197:central government in Beijing 525: 384:British Dependent Territories 343:from 1941 to 1945. After the 267:Hēung góng jyú kyùhn yìh gāau 9166:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 9079:6th Chief Executive election 9064:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 9048:Stand News raids and arrests 9008:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 8957:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 8923:Prince Edward station attack 8913:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 8851:CUHK democracy wall standoff 8841:5th Chief Executive election 8779:Drinking water contamination 8704:Lamma Island ferry collision 8684:4th Chief Executive election 8516:3rd Chief Executive election 8459:Resignation of Tung Chee-hwa 8369:2nd Chief Executive election 7132:, Issues 3986–3998, page G-8 6675:Hong Kong Monetary Authority 4333:, People's Republic of China 4145:Hong Kong: China's Challenge 2567:Communist Chinese government 2428:aircraft registration prefix 2275:, with the exception of the 1832:passports after 1997. (See: 1792:continued to be modelled on 1691:Hong Kong Monetary Authority 1336:, was also in great demand. 1220:(the then-Chief Executive). 842:10 March 1982: Vice Premier 425: 406:, as well as the subsequent 7: 7003:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6993:About the Consulate-General 6785:Far Eastern Economic Review 6716:Hongkong Post Annual Report 4814:, 21 September 1989, page 2 4768:The New York Times Magazine 4331:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4293:Gary Ka-wai Cheung (2009). 4168:Hong Kong: The Road to 1997 3953:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 45. 3394:after recovering Hong Kong. 3088:Hong Kong–Mainland conflict 3051: 3041:'s historical-drama series 2929:of their security networks. 2717:British Antarctic Territory 2660:Hong Kong handover ceremony 2619:Republic of China on Taiwan 2450:A giant golden statue of a 2171:Central People's Government 2107:and other British premises. 1946:international dialling code 1826:British National (Overseas) 1794:those of the United Kingdom 1790:Vehicle registration plates 1620:Changed after 30 June 1997 1549:General Sir Charles Guthrie 1496:Hong Kong handover ceremony 1481:proportional representation 1326:British National (Overseas) 1210:mass demonstrations in 2014 43:Hong Kong handover ceremony 10: 9363: 9307:1997 in the United Kingdom 8479:WTO Ministerial Conference 7327:, 29 January 1987, page c9 4354:United Press International 3917:David Akers-Jones (2004). 3721:: 63. 1997. Archived from 3609:. 9 March 1984. p. 4. 3529:時用語就是「收回香港」。見《世紀風採》（2009年） 3451:The Kung Sheung Daily News 3434:The Kung Sheung Daily News 3413:The Kung Sheung Daily News 3265:Johnson, Chalmers (1984). 2862:Hong Kong Cantopop artist 2741:offshore financial centres 2669: 2513: 2483: 2277:Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club 2247:. However, his successor, 2103:now flew only outside the 2003:English Schools Foundation 1990:operating separately from 1873:It continued to have more 1623: 1545:chief of the Defence Staff 1493: 1434: 1393:), and the United States ( 1354:In April 1997, the acting 1236: 1214:against an extradition law 1179:for a period of 50 years. 1142: 972:, with the then Governor, 923:National People's Congress 529: 460:Reunification of Hong Kong 455: 377:its transfer from Portugal 307:People's Republic of China 9143: 9123: 9092: 9056: 9000: 8967:National Anthem Ordinance 8949: 8942: 8905: 8859: 8833: 8797: 8766: 8741:Knife attack on Kevin Lau 8733: 8712: 8671: 8643: 8612: 8605: 8580: 8547:Edison Chen photo scandal 8539: 8508: 8495:Opening of Ngong Ping 360 8487: 8451: 8435: 8382: 8361: 8343: 8327: 8320: 8295: 8274: 8253: 8246: 7021:. Routledge. p. 78. 6757:Hong Kong Bar Association 6664:Viewpoint: Bauhinia Coins 6651:Christian Science Monitor 5273:12 September 2014 at the 4384:Christian Science Monitor 4022:M. Taylor Fravel (2008). 2911:The 2012 James Bond film 2666:End of the British Empire 2596:Joint Declaration in 1984 2380:British Consulate-General 2332:Queen's Official Birthday 2297:Legal references to the " 2126:, was now played instead. 2105:British Consulate-General 1851:continuing to be held in 1619: 1616: 1610:Before and after handover 835:received Lord Privy Seal 519: 507: 499: 486: 475: 467: 447: 430:Following the end of the 291: 273: 259: 252: 247: 243: 229: 215: 210: 192: 178: 171: 166: 162: 148: 134: 130: 125: 93: 83: 67: 49: 26: 9342:July 1997 events in Asia 8867:Tai Po Road bus accident 8201:South China Morning Post 7963:20 November 2015 at the 7945:South China Morning Post 7718:South China Morning Post 7220:John M. Carroll (2007). 7172:South China Morning Post 7116:South China Morning Post 7093:Hong Kong SAR Government 7054:South China Morning Post 6874:, 6 March 2015, page 16 6847:, January 1999, issue 92 6803:15 December 2016 at the 6572:South China Morning Post 6565:19 November 2018 at the 6361:30 December 2015 at the 6338:16 February 2018 at the 6311:22 February 2017 at the 6161:Arizona State University 6137:South China Morning Post 6039:, Hong Kong Police Force 6017:South China Morning Post 5767:Spiegel, Mickey (2002). 5707:South China Morning Post 5583:South China Morning Post 5576:23 February 2012 at the 5558:South China Morning Post 5250:8 September 2004 at the 4888:16 November 2014 at the 4681:South China Morning Post 4348:22 February 2017 at the 4266:South China Morning Post 4151:22 February 2017 at the 4086:22 February 2017 at the 4002:23 November 2016 at the 3665:Parliament of Australia 3162:(Westview Press, 1990). 3083:Hong Kong 1 July marches 2884:Chinese American rapper 2783:upon the passing of the 2444:South China Morning Post 2441:Newspapers, such as the 2204:People's Liberation Army 1950:telephone numbering plan 1705:World Trade Organization 1176:One country, two systems 1103:would be established in 938:One country, two systems 747: 416:Charles, Prince of Wales 369:one country, two systems 217:Traditional Chinese 136:Traditional Chinese 8992:LegCo mass resignations 8977:Pro-democracy primaries 8567:Global Financial Crisis 8427:Murder of Robert Kissel 8395:2002–2004 SARS outbreak 7250:Hong Kong Metamorphosis 7089:Hong Kong Yearbook 1997 7015:Ralf Horlemann (2003). 6823:Warning: Deadline Ahead 6622:Government of Hong Kong 5988:20 January 2016 at the 5844:World Radio Tv Handbook 5534:University of Hong Kong 5036:Crean, Jeffrey (2024). 4359:Sarasota Herald-Tribune 3873:Hurst, Matthew (2022). 3851:Beeching, Jack (1975). 3634:25 October 2018 at the 3579:Hong Kong e-Legislation 3173:Loh, Christine (2010). 2811:made a sci-fi thriller 2399:organisations or events 2305:who had been appointed 2123:March of the Volunteers 1996:Chinese postcode system 1868:Chinese Communist Party 1784:Hong Kong continued to 1672:common law jurisdiction 1471:and the members of the 1317:in the United Kingdom. 1311:Legislative Councillors 1174:In accordance with the 929:(SARs) when necessary. 882:Before the negotiations 753:Major events, 1979–1997 440:Chinese Communist Party 313:, which began in 1841. 231:Simplified Chinese 200:Hoeng1 gong2 wui4 gwai1 150:Simplified Chinese 9182:National security law 8402:Death of Leslie Cheung 8266:Asian Financial Crisis 8167:The Hong Kong handover 8091:10.1080/10670560305473 8043:10.4000/transtexts.138 7604:"Population estimates" 7479:"Hong Kong SAR, China" 7429:. CNN. 16 April 1997. 7397:16 August 2019 at the 6921:Claudia Cragg (1993). 6713:Hongkong Post (1996). 6455:19 August 2017 at the 6253:Lau in passport battle 5994:Universal Postal Union 5773:. Human Rights Watch. 5374:Yue-man Yeung (2007). 5138:Immigration Department 5109:9 January 2015 at the 5018:19 August 2007 at the 4481:3 January 2008 at the 4049:Wei-Bin Zhang (2006). 3853:The Chinese Opium Wars 3781:Cite journal requires 3653:6 October 2018 at the 2941:Sympathy for the Devil 2754:districts of Hong Kong 2745:British Virgin Islands 2698:gross domestic product 2646:United States Congress 2613:International reaction 2466:Reunification Monument 2462:Golden Bauhinia Square 2324:was the highest award. 2318:British honours system 2309:would now be known as 2290:, and replaced by the 2288:Hong Kong Police Force 1819:Hong Kong SAR passport 1650:Mainland Travel Permit 878: 689:British Prime Minister 645: 557: 55:; 27 years ago 9282:Handover of Hong Kong 9074:Witman Hung partygate 9028:Oath-taking rules law 8746:2014 electoral reform 8635:Manila hostage crisis 8630:2010 electoral reform 8474:2005 electoral reform 8303:Right of abode debate 8261:Handover of Hong Kong 7988:16 April 2016 at the 7916:14 April 2016 at the 7778:12 March 2017 at the 7371:23 March 2016 at the 7109:27 March 2016 at the 7047:26 April 2016 at the 6998:26 April 2020 at the 6515:10 April 2016 at the 6416:Department of Justice 6410:12 April 2016 at the 6283:16 March 2014 at the 6258:27 April 2016 at the 6079:21 March 2016 at the 6035:16 March 2016 at the 5747:20 April 2016 at the 5725:28 March 2016 at the 5623:19 April 2016 at the 5601:31 March 2016 at the 5528:12 April 2016 at the 5437:Department of Justice 5431:11 April 2016 at the 5228:11 April 2016 at the 5154:31 March 2016 at the 5132:25 March 2016 at the 4913:18 April 2016 at the 4804:20 April 2016 at the 4706:24 April 2016 at the 4402:14 April 2016 at the 4377:11 April 2016 at the 4259:27 April 2016 at the 4240:16 April 2016 at the 3800:盧斯達 (26 March 2014). 2725:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 2164:Secretary for Justice 2138:Court of Final Appeal 2016:'s statue remains in 1967:. It also retained a 1892:on the mainland. The 1721:Hong Kong maintained 1670:Hong Kong remained a 1556:CCP general secretary 1344:predominantly Chinese 1307:Executive Councillors 1233:Drafting of Basic Law 755: 714:to London, including 712:Executive Councillors 656:Governor of Hong Kong 640: 543: 299:handover of Hong Kong 126:Handover of Hong Kong 22:Handover of Hong Kong 9287:History of Hong Kong 8805:Mongkok civil unrest 8756:Beating of Ken Tsang 8237:History of Hong Kong 8011:24 July 2016 at the 7970:Entertainment Weekly 7773:A Death in Hong Kong 7342:30 June 2016 at the 7319:, Michael Browning, 7315:30 June 2016 at the 7083:4 March 2016 at the 6953:13 June 2018 at the 6881:19 July 2018 at the 6751:5 March 2016 at the 6669:4 March 2016 at the 6644:8 April 2016 at the 6616:3 March 2016 at the 6593:24 July 2016 at the 6540:4 March 2016 at the 6432:24 July 2016 at the 6199:2 April 2018 at the 6177:8 April 2016 at the 6155:8 April 2016 at the 6010:30 June 2016 at the 5873:4 March 2016 at the 5806:9 April 2016 at the 5700:24 June 2016 at the 5453:9 April 2016 at the 5406:3 March 2016 at the 5086:4 March 2016 at the 4986:Mike Chinoy (1999). 4829:24 July 2016 at the 4761:24 July 2016 at the 4732:Corruption by Design 4649:. 4 September 2019. 4325:1 April 2016 at the 4219:, Michael Sheridan, 4215:8 April 2016 at the 3372:. 15 November 2000. 3219:Modern Asian Studies 2996:. The game gained a 2951:The 2014 video game 2777:colonial possessions 2528:to Britain in 1842 ( 2322:Grand Bauhinia Medal 2162:was replaced by the 2151:was replaced by the 1979:CN-91 was also used. 1875:freedom of the press 1676:used in the mainland 1519:. The newly elected 1360:US Consulate-General 1042:improve this article 893:Convention of Peking 678:Mass Transit Railway 597:Stonecutter's Island 589:Convention of Peking 532:History of Hong Kong 186:Hēung góng wùih gwāi 9105:Murder of Abby Choi 8871:LegCo by-elections 8751:Umbrella Revolution 8117:on 26 October 2000. 7247:Denis Bray (2001). 6862:25 May 2017 at the 6845:Offshore Investment 6140:, 12 September 1994 6054:eng.chinamil.com.cn 5801:Fast Facts in China 5476:6 July 2016 at the 5258:, 30 September 2000 5042:Bloomsbury Academic 4362:, 10 September 1983 3629:Hong Kong Year Book 3199:Sing, Ming (2004). 3027:Infernal Affairs II 2954:Wargame: Red Dragon 2824:Tomorrow Never Dies 2758:City of Westminster 2625:on 2 April 1997 by 2516:Kowloon Walled City 2480:Rose Garden Project 2118:television stations 2082:Legislative Council 2067:Legislative Council 2056:Selection Committee 1923:digital TV standard 1847:to commemorate the 1815:Hong Kong residents 1746:Department of State 1646:Hong Kong residents 1574:; Vice premier and 1475:which replaced the 1465:Selection Committee 1450:Legislative Council 1356:immigration officer 1342:, which also had a 1239:Hong Kong Basic Law 1204:as promised by the 993:Financial Secretary 584:ceded in perpetuity 412:a handover ceremony 353:Stonecutters Island 341:Japanese occupation 23: 9317:1990s in Hong Kong 8572:Sai Kung bus crash 8422:Death of Anita Mui 8125:"Enter the dragon" 8017:The New York Times 8015:, Stephen Holden, 7948:, 12 November 2012 7938:3 May 2016 at the 7861:has generic name ( 7786:, 27 February 2009 7756:8 May 2016 at the 7649:(2014) pp 114, 131 7459:on 19 January 2013 7174:. 1 September 2023 6894:Yash Ghai (1997). 6677:, 18 November 1999 6599:The New York Times 6550:, 31 December 2001 6440:, 20 February 2000 6438:The New York Times 6346:, 25 November 2015 6278:God Save the Queen 6268:, 16 December 1997 6130:3 May 2016 at the 6020:, 19 November 2013 5881:, 19 February 2013 5586:, 9 February 2012. 5561:, 14 December 2012 5551:3 May 2016 at the 5117:, 15 February 2012 4920:The Globe and Mail 4871:legislation.gov.uk 4836:The New York Times 4701:A Rough Road ahead 4602:The New York Times 4435:Ian Scott (1989). 4280:China Perspectives 3342:. 1 October 1982. 3148:(Springer, 1998). 3068:Hong Kong Act 1985 2981:, a 1995 Japanese 2935:Doctor Who Unbound 2814:The Midnight After 2803:In popular culture 2785:Acts of Union 1707 2781:Kingdom of England 2731:, itself a former 2690:introduced in 2002 2656:Madeleine Albright 2653:Secretary of State 2342:being replaced by 2255:Queen Elizabeth II 2113:God Save the Queen 2086:indirectly elected 2048:head of government 1738:consulates-general 1598:Additional effects 1517:Queen Elizabeth II 1407:San Gabriel Valley 1249:Drafting Committee 1202:universal suffrage 1189:legislative system 1183:Universal suffrage 1014:British concession 970:1967 Leftist riots 944:Negotiations begin 777:Conservative Party 702:In the same year, 654:In March 1979 the 599:additionally ceded 558: 326:central government 21: 9297:1997 in Hong Kong 9292:British Hong Kong 9211: 9210: 9178:COVID-19 pandemic 9139: 9138: 9069:COVID-19 pandemic 9013:COVID-19 pandemic 8962:COVID-19 pandemic 8938: 8937: 8601: 8600: 8412:2003 July 1 march 8316: 8315: 8175:BBC World Service 7973:, 4 November 1994 7690:978-0-231-13706-5 7287:978-1-86064-184-8 7260:978-962-209-550-2 7233:978-0-7425-7469-4 7206:978-962-8072-09-5 7057:, 10 October 1997 7028:978-1-134-43411-4 6974:on 19 August 2014 6934:978-0-89384-204-8 6907:978-962-209-463-5 6624:, 12 January 2006 6463:, 21 January 2000 6391:978-1-107-01121-2 6300:Vickers, Edward. 5854:978-0-9555481-1-6 5757:, 16 January 2016 5656:978-962-209-809-1 5509:978-1-74104-665-6 5387:978-962-996-357-6 5183:978-988-98673-1-7 5051:978-1-350-23394-2 4999:978-0-8476-9318-4 4923:, 26 October 2001 4742:978-0-674-04051-9 4448:978-0-8248-1269-0 4306:978-962-209-089-7 4178:978-0-521-46979-1 4062:978-1-59454-600-6 4035:978-1-4008-2887-6 3960:978-1-56324-870-2 3930:978-962-209-655-4 3175:Underground front 3144:Flowerdew, John. 3137:978-0-19-928438-2 3118:978-0-421-88360-4 3101:Collins, Lawrence 3002:very poor quality 2946:Jonathan Clements 2871:Queen's Road East 2856:Murder, She Wrote 2727:on the island of 2563:Republic of China 2530:Treaty of Nanjing 2522:Kowloon Peninsula 2477: 2476: 2453:Bauhinia blakeana 2403:Consular missions 2356:Republic of China 1952:from that of the 1888:, instead of the 1786:drive on the left 1742:Consulate General 1631:in parallel with 1560:Chinese president 1551:, also attended. 1529:foreign secretary 1490:Handover ceremony 1297:Tide of migration 1247:was drafted by a 1161:Margaret Thatcher 1074: 1073: 1066: 904:Republic of China 792:Margaret Thatcher 731:Margaret Thatcher 696:Margaret Thatcher 664:CCP vice chairman 593:Kowloon Peninsula 578:Treaty of Nanking 550:Kowloon Peninsula 544:Britain acquired 536:British Hong Kong 404:Fall of Singapore 349:Kowloon Peninsula 295: 294: 287: 286: 261:Yale Romanization 206: 205: 180:Yale Romanization 121: 120: 33:The flags of the 9354: 9264: 9263: 9252: 9251: 9250: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9219: 9156:football rivalry 8947: 8946: 8918:Yuen Long attack 8897:Typhoon Mangkhut 8694:Plastic disaster 8610: 8609: 8588:East Asian Games 8325: 8324: 8251: 8250: 8230: 8223: 8216: 8207: 8206: 8156: 8118: 8113:. 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4948: 4944: 4931: 4927: 4915:Wayback Machine 4906: 4902: 4890:Wayback Machine 4881: 4877: 4865: 4861: 4857:, 17 March 1997 4847: 4843: 4831:Wayback Machine 4822: 4818: 4806:Wayback Machine 4797: 4793: 4786:Chicago Tribune 4779: 4775: 4763:Wayback Machine 4754: 4750: 4743: 4727:Manion, Melanie 4724: 4720: 4708:Wayback Machine 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4673: 4669: 4656: 4654: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4625: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4503:www.cmab.gov.hk 4497: 4496: 4492: 4483:Wayback Machine 4474: 4470: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4415: 4404:Wayback Machine 4395: 4391: 4379:Wayback Machine 4370: 4366: 4350:Wayback Machine 4341: 4337: 4327:Wayback Machine 4318: 4314: 4307: 4291: 4287: 4277: 4273: 4269:, 26 April 2004 4261:Wayback Machine 4252: 4248: 4242:Wayback Machine 4233: 4229: 4217:Wayback Machine 4208: 4204: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4163: 4159: 4153:Wayback Machine 4142: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4114:The Independent 4105: 4094: 4088:Wayback Machine 4077: 4070: 4063: 4047: 4043: 4036: 4020: 4016: 4004:Wayback Machine 3995: 3991: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3945: 3938: 3931: 3915: 3908: 3871: 3860: 3849: 3845: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3811: 3809: 3798: 3794: 3782: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3680: 3679: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3655:Wayback Machine 3645: 3641: 3636:Wayback Machine 3618: 3614: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3543: 3542: 3535: 3518: 3516: 3505: 3501: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3379: 3377: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3308: 3306: 3283:10.2307/2644075 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3211: 3185: 3138: 3119: 3096: 3054: 2969:movie starring 2869:The 1991 song " 2805: 2710:Chinese economy 2678: 2668: 2629:Order, and the 2615: 2544:New Territories 2518: 2512: 2488: 2482: 2464:, along with a 2340:Remembrance Day 2328:Public holidays 2307:Queen's Counsel 2235:Royal Air Force 2071:elected in 1995 2044:chief executive 1984:postal services 1975:. However, the 1845:annual memorial 1830:British citizen 1612: 1600: 1568:Chinese premier 1498: 1492: 1439: 1433: 1299: 1241: 1235: 1185: 1147: 1141: 1101:holding company 1070: 1059: 1053: 1050: 1039: 1027: 1016: 1006:The Independent 946: 884: 879: 837:Humphrey Atkins 810:Lord Carrington 754: 750: 608:New Territories 554:New Territories 538: 528: 428: 395:Prince of Wales 361:New Territories 357:a 99-year lease 345:First Opium War 108: 107: 97: 59: 57: 54: 45: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9360: 9350: 9349: 9347:Decolonization 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9269: 9268: 9256: 9254:United Kingdom 9244: 9232: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9188: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9147: 9145: 9141: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9133: 9127: 9125: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9117: 9115:2023 Gay Games 9112: 9107: 9102: 9096: 9094: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9060: 9058: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9004: 9002: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8953: 8951: 8944: 8940: 8939: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8909: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8882: 8877: 8869: 8863: 8861: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8830: 8828: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8760: 8759: 8758: 8748: 8743: 8737: 8735: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8727: 8722: 8716: 8714: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8675: 8673: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8653: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8616: 8614: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8590: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8543: 8541: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8521:MTR–KCR merger 8518: 8512: 8510: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8497: 8491: 8489: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8455: 8453: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8445: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8386: 8384: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8371: 8365: 8363: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8347: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8331: 8329: 8322: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8310: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8278: 8276: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8248: 8244: 8243: 8233: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8190: 8189:Special Report 8178: 8162: 8161:External links 8159: 8158: 8157: 8120: 8107:"Four Corners" 8103: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8021: 7998: 7975: 7950: 7925: 7909:Zero Minus Ten 7900: 7868: 7820: 7788: 7765: 7740: 7696: 7689: 7669: 7651: 7638: 7625: 7595: 7563: 7530: 7500: 7470: 7444: 7418: 7402: 7380: 7358: 7329: 7325:Ottawa Citizen 7302: 7293: 7286: 7266: 7259: 7239: 7232: 7212: 7205: 7185: 7159: 7134: 7120: 7096: 7070: 7059: 7034: 7027: 7007: 6985: 6959: 6940: 6933: 6913: 6906: 6886: 6849: 6833: 6815: 6790: 6776: 6760: 6738: 6722: 6705: 6698: 6679: 6656: 6654:, 10 June 1996 6626: 6603: 6577: 6575:, 21 July 1997 6552: 6547:People's Daily 6527: 6525:, 19 July 1993 6502: 6491: 6465: 6442: 6419: 6397: 6390: 6370: 6348: 6325: 6293: 6270: 6245: 6235: 6209: 6186: 6164: 6142: 6114: 6088: 6066: 6041: 6022: 5997: 5975: 5949: 5923: 5897: 5883: 5860: 5853: 5833: 5817: 5793: 5779: 5759: 5734: 5712: 5687: 5662: 5655: 5635: 5633:, 4 June 2015. 5610: 5588: 5563: 5538: 5515: 5508: 5488: 5463: 5440: 5418: 5416:, 17 July 2011 5393: 5386: 5366: 5340: 5308: 5279: 5260: 5237: 5215: 5189: 5182: 5163: 5141: 5119: 5096: 5073: 5057: 5050: 5028: 5026:, 27 June 2007 5005: 4998: 4978: 4976:, p. 158. 4966: 4964:, p. 188. 4954: 4952:, p. 187. 4942: 4925: 4900: 4898:, 30 June 2007 4875: 4859: 4841: 4839:, 6 April 1997 4816: 4791: 4789:, 12 July 1989 4773: 4748: 4741: 4718: 4716:, 1 March 1990 4693: 4667: 4632: 4630:, 28 June 1997 4619: 4589: 4566:Boland, Rory. 4558: 4533: 4515: 4490: 4468: 4454: 4447: 4427: 4413: 4389: 4364: 4335: 4312: 4305: 4285: 4271: 4246: 4227: 4225:, 25 June 2007 4202: 4184: 4177: 4157: 4136: 4092: 4068: 4061: 4041: 4034: 4014: 3997:Lord MacLehose 3989: 3981:Suzanne Pepper 3966: 3959: 3936: 3929: 3906: 3858: 3843: 3827: 3792: 3783:|journal= 3739: 3703: 3670: 3658: 3639: 3621:United Kingdom 3612: 3591: 3566: 3533: 3499: 3493:Wah Kiu Yat Po 3482: 3476:Wah Kiu Yat Po 3457: 3440: 3429:Our Government 3419: 3398: 3357: 3327: 3257: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3209: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3170: 3156: 3142: 3136: 3130:. OUP Oxford. 3123: 3117: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3031: 3022: 3005: 2998:cult following 2994:Tong Shau Ping 2974: 2971:Robert Patrick 2958: 2949: 2930: 2909: 2906:Raymond Benson 2897:Zero Minus Ten 2893: 2882: 2867: 2860: 2847: 2838: 2829: 2804: 2801: 2797:British Empire 2749:Cayman Islands 2743:(Bermuda, the 2702:United Kingdom 2672:Decolonization 2667: 2664: 2631:Executive Yuan 2614: 2611: 2565:and, later, a 2514:Main article: 2511: 2508: 2484:Main article: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2448: 2439: 2424: 2417: 2406: 2391: 2376: 2373: 2359: 2352:Double Ten Day 2336:Liberation Day 2325: 2314: 2311:Senior Counsel 2295: 2280: 2265: 2262: 2252: 2238: 2219: 2206:established a 2200: 2189: 2182: 2175:Liaison Office 2167: 2156: 2145: 2134: 2127: 2108: 2089: 2078: 2063: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2022:King George VI 2014:Queen Victoria 2010: 2006: 1999: 1980: 1957: 1942: 1897: 1878: 1871: 1860: 1841:mainland China 1837: 1822: 1812: 1797: 1782: 1775: 1767: 1749: 1734: 1719: 1712: 1701: 1698: 1683: 1668: 1657:right of abode 1653: 1643: 1636: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1611: 1608: 1599: 1596: 1513:Prince Charles 1494:Main article: 1491: 1488: 1435:Main article: 1432: 1429: 1381:), Australia ( 1315:right of abode 1298: 1295: 1253:Mainland China 1237:Main article: 1234: 1231: 1184: 1181: 1143:Main article: 1140: 1137: 1119:by legislator 1095:, chairman of 1072: 1071: 1030: 1028: 1021: 1015: 1012: 996:John Bremridge 989:Black Saturday 945: 942: 883: 880: 877: 876: 872: 861: 854: 851: 848:John Bremridge 840: 829: 826: 823: 813: 806: 795: 784: 773: 770: 763: 752: 751: 749: 746: 716:Chung Sze-yuen 621:infrastructure 616: 615: 600: 585: 527: 524: 427: 424: 420:British Empire 322:mainland China 303:United Kingdom 293: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 277: 271: 270: 263: 257: 256: 254:Yue: Cantonese 250: 249: 248:Transcriptions 241: 240: 233: 227: 226: 219: 213: 212: 208: 207: 204: 203: 196: 190: 189: 182: 176: 175: 173:Yue: Cantonese 169: 168: 167:Transcriptions 160: 159: 152: 146: 145: 138: 132: 131: 128: 127: 119: 118: 116:United Kingdom 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 69: 65: 64: 51: 47: 46: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9359: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9302:1997 in China 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9233: 9231: 9221: 9220: 9217: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9091: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9055: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 8999: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 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8492: 8490: 8486: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8342: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8326: 8323: 8319: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8294: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8231: 8226: 8224: 8219: 8217: 8212: 8211: 8208: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8193:1997 Handover 8191: 8188: 8187: 8182: 8179: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8112: 8111:ABC Australia 8108: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8071: 8066: 8065: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8025: 8019:17 April 1998 8018: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8002: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7984: 7979: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7962: 7959: 7958:Hong Kong '97 7954: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7929: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7904: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7872: 7864: 7852: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7824: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7798: 7792: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7774: 7769: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7744: 7728: 7724: 7723:Alibaba Group 7720: 7719: 7714: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7692: 7686: 7682: 7681: 7673: 7665: 7661: 7655: 7648: 7642: 7635: 7629: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7599: 7580: 7573: 7567: 7551: 7547: 7546: 7541: 7534: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7416: 7415:1-4289-7837-2 7412: 7406: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7362: 7356:, 3 July 1992 7355: 7354: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7333: 7326: 7322: 7321:Knight Ridder 7318: 7314: 7311: 7306: 7297: 7289: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7270: 7262: 7256: 7252: 7251: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7225: 7224: 7216: 7208: 7202: 7198: 7197: 7189: 7173: 7169: 7163: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7131: 7130: 7124: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7100: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7074: 7068: 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5542: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5519: 5511: 5505: 5501: 5500: 5492: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5467: 5461:, 1 July 2002 5460: 5456: 5452: 5449: 5444: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5422: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5397: 5389: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5370: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5325: 5318: 5312: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5264: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5234:Bank of China 5231: 5227: 5224: 5219: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5185: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5167: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5123: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5100: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5077: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5009: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4982: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4938:0-415-22269-9 4935: 4929: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4904: 4897: 4896: 4895:Vancouver Sun 4891: 4887: 4884: 4879: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4820: 4813: 4812: 4811:The New Paper 4807: 4803: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4787: 4782: 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Vogel 4188: 4180: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4161: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4140: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4075: 4073: 4064: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4045: 4037: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4018: 4012:, 2 June 2000 4011: 4010: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3993: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3913: 3911: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3854: 3847: 3839: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3788: 3775: 3756: 3749: 3743: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3707: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3601:Chen Hung-yee 3595: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3530: 3528: 3514: 3510: 3509:"香港回歸談判中的鄧小平" 3503: 3495: 3494: 3486: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3461: 3453: 3452: 3444: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3402: 3395: 3392: 3391:Mrs. Thatcher 3388: 3387:Deng Xiaoping 3375: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3231: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3203:. Routledge. 3202: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3184:9789622099968 3180: 3176: 3171: 3169: 3168:9780367288099 3165: 3161: 3158:Lane, Kevin. 3157: 3155: 3154:9780333683125 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773:Great Britain 2770: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2677: 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2097:Hong Kong SAR 2094: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2018:Victoria Park 2015: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:Hongkong Post 1985: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1933:, to replace 1932: 1929:, instead of 1928: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1853:Victoria Park 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695:Bank of China 1692: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1615: 1607: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1592:Tung Chee-hwa 1589: 1588:Zhang Wannian 1585: 1584:Vice chairman 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1497: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1438: 1431:Last governor 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1395:San Francisco 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1230: 1227: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1208:, leading to 1207: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1133:Richard Evans 1130: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1093:Simon Keswick 1090: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1068: 1065: 1057: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1031:This section 1029: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 986: 985:Typhoon Ellen 981: 977: 975: 971: 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